NOT with nouns, adjectives, adverbs

rule

Examples

together

1. If the word is without NOT not used

H no abudka n ate epy n ei casually

2. Word with NOT can be replaced by a synonym

H en true (false) n en bad (good) n units aleko (close)

3. With the following words: absolutely, very, very, almost, extremely, too, completely

Very difficult task Almost unfamiliar Absolutely wrong Merit very little

separately

1. When opposed to the union BUT(not NO)

Not true, not false bad not good far but close

2. With the following words:

NOT at all, NOT at all, NOT at all, NOT far, NOT to anyone

not at all truth, far from silly, by no means long away, not at all difficult, no one required

3. When denying any quality, without affirming the opposite

He is not stupid (but smart?) She is not far and not close

4. Short adjectives, adverbs as predicates

With short adjectives, NOT is usually written in the same way as with full ones.

Shore n ev high (low coast)

together

with indefinite pronouns, as well as with negative ones without a preposition

n eu how many articles, something new, nothing to help, no one to ask

with negative adverbs

n eg de, nowhere, once, nowhere, no need

Working part

control part

Column #1

Column #2

1 (not) acquaintance, but a stranger

2 to prove (not) guilty

3 (un)clumsy expressions

4 far (not) beauty

5 not at all (not) dangerous disease

6 (un)friend

7 (not) flattery

8 (not) big program

9 (not) knowledge

10 show (dis)trust

1 (non-)stop broadcast

2 is (not) the wind

3 (un)reasonable

4 (not) happiness, but trouble

5 (not) touchy

Night 6 is by no means (not) dark

7 (not) ignorance

8 (not) beautiful, but expensive

9 (un)weather

10 reveal (not) combat capability

Column #3

Column #4

1 far (not) clever

2 (not) delivery

3 (un)known device

4 (not) friend, but enemy

5 performance (not) interesting

6 heavy (not) happiness

7 (in)experience leads to trouble

8 (not) fortification rock

9 (un)acquaintance

10 book in (un)happiness comforts

1 no one (un)necessary meeting

2 (in)dependent nature

3 suggests luck and (un)luck

4 house (not) new and (not) old

5 (in)dependence of the motherland

6 (ir) reconcilable differences

7 grass (not) high

8 (non-)wine entertainment

9 noisy (un)weather

10 (not) a friend blew up bridges

Nouns

adjectives

Adverbs

hatred

hated

hatefully

continuity

clumsiness

negligence

absurdity

carelessness

need

surprise

absurdity

indignation

incredulity

independence

indecision

nouns

adjectives

adverbs

understanding -

cultural -

equality -

decisive -

health -

good -

Seriously -

accuracy

familiar -

loyalty -

energetic -

slowly -

maturity -

mobile -

addiction

accepted -

confidence -

1. if the adjective is not used without not , for example: not sleazy, not stucco, not separable, not victorious;
2. if not serves to form a new adjective, which can be replaced by a word or expression that is similar in meaning, for example: not high(short), not polite(rude). In this case not is an attachment.
3. If the adjective contains words very , very , extremely , enough , absolutely and some others that enhance the degree of manifestation of the trait, for example: It was very not high fence; It was extremely not polite response.

NOT is a negative particle and is written with adjectives separately:

1. if there is or is implied opposition, for example: The house was not high and low; The answer was not polite but rude;
2. if the adjective uses negative particles far from , by no means, not at all , for example: far from polite response; by no means good mood;
3. if the adjective has dependent words with neither , for example: no one interesting article, not at all difficult task.

NOT with short adjectives

Spelling not with short adjectives, the meaning of which is the same as the full ones, obeys the same rules as spelling not with full adjectives, for example: ceiling not high(low); ceiling very short ; ceiling not high and low; ceiling not high(and what?).

Consolidated and separate spelling not with short adjectives, it helps to distinguish in writing the meaning of what the writer wants to express, for example: story not interesting (pretty boring) story not interesting(i.e., it cannot be said that it is boring, but it is not read with great interest); road narrow (pretty narrow) - road not wide a (i.e., it cannot be said that it is narrow, but not very wide).

Note

There is a small group of short adjectives with which not always written separately. Such adjectives either do not have a full form, or in full form have a different meaning, for example: not happy, should not, not able, not ready, not needed, disagree, not obligated.

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The issue of continuous or separate spelling of the “not” particle with adjectives is quite complicated: the choice of the correct option depends on many factors, there are also exceptions. Here is systematized information for better mastering this spelling rule and applying knowledge in practice. We'll consider different variants continuous and separate spelling of the particle "not" and adjectives, we will give examples.

• if without "not" the word does not exist: inconspicuous (inconspicuous), sloppy (sloppy);
  
• if the adjective with "not" can be replaced by a synonym (without "not"): ugly (ugly) – ugly (ugly), unmarried - unmarried.
  

"separate" option

1. There is an opposition. If in a sentence one adjective is opposed to another and there is a union “a”, the spelling of the adjective with “not” is separate. This applies to both full and short forms. not sincere, but feigned. Not interesting but boring.

   This rule also applies when there is no explicit opposition, but it is implied. You are watching not usual phenomenon(that is, "not ordinary, but exceptional").

   Please note: there may be two interpretations. Compare two examples.

   • it not complicated a task(“...a simple”, that is, you do not think that the task is difficult).
     
   • it uncomplicated a task(you claim that the task is easy).
     
   An exception is the opposition with the union "but". It performs a different function: we also have two signs, but the second sign exists simultaneously with the first and, as it were, in spite of it. Then "not" and the adjective are written together. Compare:
   • A task not simple, but complex.
     
   • A task difficult, but doable(“yes, the task is not easy, but, despite this, it can be completed”).
     
2. There is a negation of any property or quality. Separately from “not”, relative adjectives are written (characterize the constant property of the subject). They can also be matched against. For example: spoons not silver ("... but steel"); honey not floral ("... but fake").
   Separately with “not”, we also write quality adjectives (characterize the quality of the object), if they denote color. Unlike relative adjectives, quality adjectives in combination with the particle “not” denote the absence or insufficient manifestation of quality. For example: dye not white, shade not yellow .
   
3. There is an underlined statement.“Not” with an adjective will be written separately if they express an underlined statement in an interrogative or simply emotionally charged sentence. Such a proposal can be mentally supplemented with an affirmative answer.
   • Unclear Is this without evidence?- Yes it is clear.
     
   • To whom not known the names of these heroes! Yes, everyone knows them.
     

1. Separately, “not” is written with an adjective, if the following words act as explanatory words:
   • "far from";
     
   • "by no means";
     
   • "not at all"
     
   as well as some negative pronouns ( nobody) and adverbs that start with "ni" ( not at all). For example: nobody not known man, nothing not stupid act, away not easy exercise. The same applies to adjectives with "-my": at all independent, with nothing incomparable .
   An exception is when the negative pronoun is more like a noun in function, does not depend on the adjective, and the adjective itself explains this pronoun. I didn't do anything illegal.
   
2. In the presence of other explanatory words "not" with the adjective, it is written together: inappropriate in this case, the statement incomprehensible me the words unfit playground etc. Here a negative sign is affirmed: "the statement is not appropriate", "I do not understand the words", "the playground is not suitable for the game."
   Here we also include adjectives with “-my”, such as fireproof, waterproof, independent, indestructible, incorrigible and their short forms ( impervious, incorrigible etc.). They are also written together with "not" even in the presence of explanatory words. This country is economically independent. They put unthinkable before records.
   
3. Special cases of continuous writing of the particle “not” and an adjective - when there are adverbs of measure (“to what extent?”, “How much?”) And adverbs of degree (“to what extent?”) Nearby:
   • "very";
     
   • "quite";
     
   • "extremely";
     
   • "in the highest degree»;
     
   • "nearly"
     
   and so on. For example: very ugly behavior, very unsuccessful day.
   If we see adverbs “completely”, “not at all” as explanatory words, they can mean either “very”, “perfectly”, “absolutely” (and then we will choose the continuous spelling “not” with an adjective), or “not at all” ( choose separate spelling). Compare:
   • It was completely unnecessary talk(statement: "yes, absolutely unnecessary").
     
   • It was at all not random meeting(denial: "no, not random").
     

• This drawing uglier Togo(“more ugly than the other”).
  
• This drawing not prettier Togo(“is not more beautiful than the other”).
  

As you can see, there are quite a lot of nuances in the continuous and separate spelling of the “not” particle with adjectives. But you can also notice that in some cases it is not necessary to memorize a certain rule - rather, you need to reason logically in order to choose the right option.

Spelling not with adjectives|#|

Written together with not adjectives, which without not not used: careless, inconspicuous, unfriendly.
Written together with not adjectives, which, in combination with not acquire the opposite meaning; usually such words can be replaced by synonyms without not: small (small), unmarried (idle). Not it is always possible to find a similar synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning contained in adjective, serves as the basis for continuous writing: Someone from outside is sitting on a stone in the chapel; His youthful pranks ... were determined by childish thoughtfulness.
written separately from notadjectives, if there is or is implied opposition: the problem is not simple but complex; relations are not hostile; the light is not bright.
Usually, not written separately with relative adjectives, giving negation to the feature they express: watch is not gold, honey is not fake. From quality adjectives this includes adjectives, which denote a color and which, in combination with not do not form words with the opposite meaning: the paint is not blue, the binding is not yellow.
This takes into account syntactic function adjective: the rule usually applies to adjectives in the role of a predicate, since the intended opposition gives the statement the character of a generally negative judgment expressed by the particle not, but may not apply to adjectives as a definition: these people are not from here - to shine with unearthly beauty; paper is not white - non-white citizens.
In some cases, a double interpretation of the text is possible and, as a result, a double spelling: this task is easy(asserts "lightness") - This task is not difficult.(denied "difficulty"). Such nuances are especially important to consider when translating a contract and other serious documents.
The opposition expressed by the union is different a, and opposition, expressed by union but. In the first case, one of the two signs opposite to each other is denied, and the other is affirmed: the river is not deep, but shallow; with the second, there are no concepts that are opposite to each other, they are completely compatible, that is, two attributes are simultaneously attributed to an object without denying one of them: the river is shallow but cold. In the first case not written separately, in the second - together.
The presence of explanatory words, as a rule, does not affect the continuous spelling not With adjectives : unknown author, unknown to science data, words incomprehensible to the student, details unnecessary for the case; lake invisible behind the forest(everywhere a negative sign is affirmed, and a positive one is not denied).
Separate spelling not With adjective, having explanatory words with it, is found:
at adjectives, which in full and short form have different meanings, for example: actor not ready to go;
in the presence of negative pronouns and adverbs as explanatory words (beginning with neither) or combinations : unknown address, innocent people, no harmful drink, far from an easy solution, not a new story, compare: in ways unknown to me - in ways unknown to anyone, but: There is nothing impossible in life! What my neighbor is accused of is nothing illegal(the negative pronoun does not depend on adjectives, but is explained by them);
sometimes when setting adjective with dependent words after the noun being defined: enterprises that are not subordinated (under conditions of isolation, the construction with an adjective approaches in meaning to participle turnover).
If the adverb of measure and degree acts as an explanatory word ( very, extremely, very, almost, adverbial expression in the highest degree and the like), then not With adjective spelled succinctly: very ugly act, extremely inappropriate attack, very unfortunate performance.
If there is an adverb as an explanatory word at all possible both continuous and separate writing not With adjectives, which is associated with two meanings in which the indicated adverb is used: 1) “absolutely, very much”, 2) “by no means”, “by no means”. In some cases, both interpretations and, as a result, both spellings are possible: very little achievement(small, modest) - not a big achievement(by no means large).
The adverb also allows a double interpretation at all: 1) “not at all”, 2) “completely, completely” - in colloquial style speeches: The arguments were not convincing at all. - The authors of these works are less popular or completely unknown authors.
With brief adjectives negation is not written basically in the same way as with full ones: together in the absence of opposition and separately in the presence of it: low room - low room; incomprehensible "poll - the question is incomprehensible. Compare spellings with different explanatory words: Searching for material on a chosen topic is not difficult for him.; Too uncertain about the future - No control is possible here; They are in no way similar to each other. Compare also: This river is always restless. - This river is never calm.
written separately from not short adjectives that are not used in full form or have a different meaning in full form: not ready to leave, should not do this, does not intend to remain silent, is not obliged to help.
depending on the meaning not with short adjectives, as well as with full ones, it is sometimes written together, sometimes separately: Our family is not rich(about the same as poor). - Our family is not rich(i.e. average income); This girl is ugly(negative sign is affirmed) - This girl is not pretty(positive sign is denied). Compare also: Little trouble. - It would seem that this distance is not great for stayers. More common is the separate spelling in pairs: not needed - unnecessary, wrong - wrong, disagree - disagree, incapable - incapable(usually in these cases, the denial of a positive sign is felt more than the affirmation of a negative one).
Double spelling is also found in combinations not with the comparative degree of adjectives: This screensaver is uglier than that one(more ugly) - This screensaver is not prettier than that one(does not have greater beauty).
Separately written: not lower, not higher, not better, not worse, not closer, not poorer and the like (common spelling not with the comparative degree of adjectives).
spelled separately not with forms bigger, smaller, better, worse: with no less success, with no better chances.
Differs in spelling with verbal adjectives on the my and with participles my: in the presence of explanatory words, the first ones are written together (as well as nominal adjectives), the second - separately: long uninhabited island, water insoluble crystals, magazines not read by non-specialists, a child not loved by the stepmother.
To adjective on the my include words formed from intransitive verbs ( independent, waterproof, fireproof) or from perfective verbs ( incorrigible, indestructible). These words are subject to the general spelling rules not With adjectives, that is, they are written together and in the presence of explanatory words, as well as in short form ( the island is uninhabited, the disease is incurable, these countries are economically independent). However, the rule of separate writing remains in force. adjectives With not, if pronouns and adverbs starting with nor, or combinations far from, not at all, not at all: incomparable experience, by no means soluble crystals; none of art can be removed. The exception is words that not not used: an invincible army, an incomprehensible chance for anyone.
The spelling must be distinguished not with words to my formed from transitive verbs not perfect look: such words can be like passive participles present tense, and adjectives (in the first case, spelling with not separate, in the second - merged). They are participles if they use the instrumental case as an explanatory word. actor, less often creative tools (the so-called instrumental); in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives(lose the meaning of suffering and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Compare: a child not loved by a stepmother - games unloved in childhood(in the second case the word unloved points to constant feature, means roughly the same as "unpleasant", "undesirable").
To adjective of this type are: invisible, insane, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, invisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxable, inalienable, untranslatable, incommunicable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant and others. Compare their spelling with explanatory words: indivisible by three number, unforgettable meetings for us, non-transferable in simple terms feelings, indeclinable nouns in Russian, intolerant behavior in our society and so on.
spelled separately not With adjective in an interrogative sentence, if the negation is logically emphasized: Is this statement not clear without any evidence? Who does not know the names of our astronauts?
If the negation is not emphasized, then the continuous spelling is used: Is this position unclear? Is this statement incorrect? (possible replacement: Is this statement wrong?)

The continuous and separate spelling of the particle and the prefix "not" with different parts of speech always causes difficulty. Someone relies on the principle: “If you can insert a word, write separately,” others try to avoid controversial points, preferring to use synonyms. Spelling “not” with adjectives is one of the simplest topics if you understand it. The main thing is to correctly explain the material.

Rule Structure

Spelling "not" with adjectives is a rule that completely coincides with the spelling of the same particle and prefix with nouns and adverbs ending in "o". You will have to remember only eight points of the rule, six of which are about separate, and the remaining two are about continuous spelling negative particle prefix.

"Not" merged

In no case should we forget that there are words with which “not” is always written together - it is part of the root, which cannot be separated from the word. So, “not” with adjectives that are not used without it is always written together. For example: careless, unlucky, clumsy - the words "careless", "traveling" and "clumsy" do not exist in Russian, so in no case should you tear off "not" from them. Usually, no one has any difficulties with this part of the rule.

The second case, when “not” is written together with adjectives, is the ability to replace the adjective with a synonym without a negative prefix. For example: shallow - shallow, bad - bad, rather big - big. It is important to remember that this rule only works with high-quality adjectives (they have synonyms and antonyms and form degrees of comparison).

"Not" separately - common points

Separate "not" with adjectives - the rule is more voluminous, but not at all more complicated. Of course, you can go from the opposite: if it is not replaced by a synonym without “not” and is used without “not”, write separately, but such universal techniques do not always work, and sometimes you need to be able to explain why it is written that way and not otherwise.

Firstly, the particle “not” is written separately from the adjective if there is a contrast with the conjunction “a”. For example: not big, but small; not wide, but narrow. It is important to remember that "not" with adjectives, after which there is a union "but", is written together (if the word fits the rule of continuous spelling "not"): a narrow, but deep river; ugly but kind person; irrational, but the right decision.

Secondly, the Russian language is one of the few where there is a double negation. It is with him that “not” is written separately: not interesting to anyone, not at all funny, not secret to anyone.

Thirdly, there are some points of the rules for the continuous and separate spelling of "not", which are universal for all parts of speech. This is the point with “not at all”, “not at all”, “far from”, with which this particle is always written separately. For example: by no means cheerful, not at all spacious, far from happy. Here, by the way, there is also a difficulty: very often they are confused with adverbs of measure and degree, such as “perfectly” and “absolutely”. When they are present, "not" is spelled together, for example: absolutely not cold, completely narrow-minded.

"Not" separately - features

A separate part of the rule is the points on which "not" and adjectives are always written separately. There are no exceptions here, you just need to remember three short statements:

First. Words that are written with a hyphen and "not" are always separated: not in a comradely way, not in Russian.

Second. Relative (denoting a sign that one cannot have to a greater or lesser extent) and possessive (belonging to someone) adjectives, adjectives of taste (sour) and color (pink) are written separately from “not”: not winter, not mother, not bitter , not black. By the way, in order to distinguish the categories of adjectives, one can argue from the contrary: if an adjective does not have degrees of comparison, synonyms and antonyms, it is definitely relative or possessive and fits this rule.

Third. Adjectives in the comparative degree are also written separately: no better, no freer, no more original.

Consolidation with exercises

In a number of cases, in textbooks about writing the particle-prefix "not" with adjectives together and separately, examples are given very poorly. Most often rules are given, but there are few exercises that can really help in remembering these rules. In lessons, teachers usually just give a series of words, and the student must decide whether to become a "not" particle or a prefix for each case. Familiarization with the rule and subsequent practice will definitely help to better consolidate the material covered.

The first exercise is to determine the spelling of "not" with adjectives. Examples: (un)beautiful; absolutely (not) funny; (not) wide, but long; (not) onboard; far (not) cheerful; (not better; (not) blue; (un)friendly; (un)interesting to anyone; (not) deep, but shallow.

This simple task will make it possible to either remember the rules or test your intuition - in any case, such exercises are considered the most common in working out this rule.

The second exercise is the explanation of "not" with adjectives. Examples of "separate": not blue; not prettier; by no means soft; not wooden; not fresh, but stale; not sweet; not Turkish; not at all big; not mother's; not attractive at all. Examples of "smooth": not rough; unlucky; not wide, but deep; sad; careless; uninteresting; ugly; difficult, but fascinating; not angry; not cold.

The answers to the exercises can be found in the rules themselves.

Conclusion

Spelling "not" with adjectives is a very simple topic. However, it is very important to pay due attention to it. The main thing here is to remember the points of the rules responsible for writing "not" with adjectives together and separately. Examples and practice will help you understand better and consolidate the material covered.

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