With age, people not only gain weight, but also become shorter. This phenomenon is a normal process that occurs with aging and can be explained by three main reasons.
As we get older, we get shorter. Firstly, this is due to dehydration of the discs between the vertebrae, causing them to become flatter and the overall length of the spine to decrease. The second reason for loss of height is the flattening of the arch of the foot. And the third is the loss of muscle mass, especially in the abdomen. This significantly spoils the posture, makes us hunch over, and we become more and more like our grandparents, who once seemed short to us.
On average, a person loses about 0.6-0.8 centimeters in height every year after the age of 40. By the age of seventy, men become 3-4 centimeters, and women - 5 centimeters lower. In men, this effect is less noticeable, as they tend to have stronger bones and more muscle mass.
If you're losing height faster than normal, it could be a sign of osteoporosis, in which bones become too brittle. In addition, such bad habits as smoking, alcohol and coffee abuse, as well as lack of physical activity, increase the effect of age-related growth loss.
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It turns out that the brain of people with obesity is different from its counterpart, guiding nervous system thinner peers and even people ten years older.
A slender girl - a woman “in the body” - is frankly a full lady - such a scheme is considered almost a regularity in our country: after 35 years, the number of thin women is significantly reduced, and after 45 years, a toned figure is considered a rarity. But, actually, why? Is this really a fatal consequence of age, or just a side effect of a set of habits?
The mechanism of weight gain with age does not contain anything mysterious and consists of the following components:
- Natural metabolism slowdown. It is believed that a set of 0.3-0.5 kg per year after 35 years is a normal phenomenon due to a gradual and very smooth slowdown in metabolism. The same happens with muscle loss, which requires more work to keep it in good shape with age.
- Passive lifestyle. At twenty-five you work, study and still have time to run in the evenings to some school of watercolor painting, not to mention concert-parties and trips out of town, and at 40, as a rule, life is much less active, and hence the level movement is lower, as is energy consumption. In addition, our social traditions include the duty of every family woman to cook diligently and daily for her husband and children, which automatically increases the calorie content of the diet: it is almost impossible to spin in the kitchen for half a day and at the same time eat like in youth.
— Stress factors. Pregnancy, diseases, menopause, chronic stress - any of these factors can be a trigger for significant weight gain. The negative impact of circumstances environment and their own ailments accumulate over the years and often result in “gain”, which is then not so easy to get rid of.
— Social code. We, looking at the previous generation, grow up with the conviction that the image of a portly matron after a certain age is the norm; giving yourself too much time if you are no longer a girl, and the family needs a lot of attention, is considered somehow uncomme il faut. Comforting yourself with sweet treats, increasing your clothing size every five years, believing that short skirts are exclusively for college girls are all considered normal. Such attitudes affect us, make us relax, gain weight and crush the feeling of guilt in ourselves, because “well, I’m not a girl anymore.”
So, there is nothing criminal in the fact that you changed your 42nd “young” size to 44th at 45 years old and to 46th at 60 years old: such dynamics fits into a natural decrease in metabolism. But if you have gained 15-20 kilograms from 25 to 40 years old, not to mention more, then there is still a problem. Here lies the border between normal weight support and frantic attempts to go through life in jeans bought at 16 years old. You don’t need to demand the impossible from yourself (your chest, hips, waist, belly can’t look the same as at 18 if you are 40), but being indulgent with the arrow of the scales rapidly reaching a hundred is also not the best strategy.
How to maintain a normal weight throughout life
Nothing groundbreaking: The most effective and easiest way to stay lean without getting fit anxiety is to develop two healthy habits: calorie control and regular physical activity.
Diet calorie control is not even to furiously count calories from morning to night, but to figure out once and for all how much food allows you to maintain a normal weight, and then adhere to these norms.
- Observe yourself, determine what eating habits make you gain weight, and get rid of them (it can be snacks after 19.00, cookies for tea, or, for example, addiction to smoked meats, bread).
- Make sure that “pests” do not appear in your diet - products that add useless calories: we are talking primarily about soda, fast food, alcohol (including beer), and sweets.
- Use dishes of the same size: it's easier to keep track of whether your portions are increasing. It is convenient to get yourself your favorite plates and cups so that they become a kind of measuring container for your portions.
Weigh yourself once a month: this frequency shows a stable dynamics, not micro-fluctuations in weight, and allows you to control body weight. It is most convenient to do this on the same day, for example, on the 1st of each month. Over time, this will become a habit, and you will not forget about such a procedure. If you see a gradual increase in weight (you gained, for example, 1 kg in a month, another one or two in the next), then this will be a signal to revise the diet; deal with overweight, while it is small, is much easier than when you stop squeezing into your clothes.
Physical tone implies not only harmony (you can be modest in size, but have insignificant muscle mass and have very limited endurance), but also the mobility of the spine and joints, strong muscles, the ability to not “run out of steam” for a long time. Therefore, it is worth focusing not only on the volume of the body, but also on the time you spend on fitness, as well as on the actual physical condition. Set a few benchmarks for yourself, such as the ease with which you walk two subway stops and the number of crunches or squats you can do without too much suffering. If you feel that it has become difficult to pass the chosen distance, and the exercises are given with increasing difficulty, this will be a signal that you should pay attention to your physical condition.
Even more important than the above - your mood. In order to “run” from the supermarket to the house in five minutes before the age of 50 and wear tight jeans, you must first of all believe that slimness and good tone after 35-40 years is not only possible, but also normal. Yes, for this you need to move and take care of your health, diet, pastime, lift yourself off the couch, redistribute responsibilities in the family (if before that all household issues were on you), etc. but it's definitely worth it.
Over time, the contours of the human face and its details - nose, ears, lips - become different. It is interesting to know whether the size of a person's eyes changes with age. Comparing the new look with old childhood and youth photos, it is clear that the changes are clearly expressed. The nose becomes larger, the chin area and cheeks droop, the gaze becomes sullen due to overhanging eyebrows, and the eyes shrink. It is necessary to understand why this is happening.
Normal human eye sizes
The anteroposterior axis (APA) of the organ of vision is an imaginary line that runs at an angle of 45 degrees parallel to the medial plane of the eyeball to the lateral wall. They are connected by two poles of the visual organ. In another way, this distance is called the length or size of the eye.
Often, after birth, babies have hypermetropic refraction - farsightedness, which on average is +3.6 diopters. Eye size standards are presented in the table:
Do they change with age and how?
Increase
The visual system in children is formed as they develop and the increase in size ends when the growth of a person is completed. The first 3 years of life in babies, the visual organs grow. During this time, the formation of the cortical visual center takes place. By 2 months, the oculomotor nerves, which provide coordination to both eyes, finish developing. Visual acuity in a small child is very low. After birth, it is usually not more than 0.004-0.02 units. By the age of 6 in a child, this figure is 0.9.
By the age of 3 years, the length of the PZO of the organs of vision increases to 23 mm, which is approximately 95% of the size of the adult eye. Up to 15 years, the eyeball increases further. The size should grow to 24 millimeters. In most children, in the first 10 years of life, refraction intensifies and forms, which in this period approaches normal vision. The size of the visual organs in healthy normal people may vary slightly. The maximum length of the PZO is capable of reaching 27 mm. The size and shape of the eye is mainly determined by heredity. The increase in the parameters of the visual organs ends when the growth of a person is completed.
When the size of the PZO increases, and it is not genetically determined, this leads to the development of myopia. This situation occurs when the visual organs are forced to adapt to uncomfortable conditions associated with an increase in eye strain. In adults, this is most often professional activity, in which the eyes must constantly focus on small objects, in children - during intensive schooling.
Decrease
As a result of aging, the skin loses density and, as a result, the shape and color of the organs of vision change. Characteristic features youth are expressed in a clear contour of the eyelids and a clear open look. However, over time, the human body begins to age, and the aging process is displayed, including on the face:
- the nose becomes larger;
- the chin area and cheeks are lowered;
- reduced peripheral vision;
- eyelids hang over the eyes, visually reducing them.
The condition of the skin changes, the expressiveness of the look - everything becomes irreversibly duller. Aging processes have a negative impact on the entire body and on the visual organs - the color, shape and shape of the eyes.
How does a person's personality change with age?
All qualities of character a person is influenced by how he behaves in the family, in society, and even how he perceives himself. But with age comes certain character change. This is most noticeable in children when adolescence the transition period begins.
If you carefully read the articles about the types of human temperament, you know that there are only four characters: phlegmatic, sanguine, choleric and melancholic. There are few pure sanguine or, for example, phlegmatic people.
Most people have a mixed type of temperament, which is very good. Why? Everything is very simple: each type of character has both positive and negative traits. If this is not so noticeable in childhood and adolescence, then dramatic changes can occur with age. And close people will not always be happy with such changes in the character of a husband or wife.
Have you already passed a small test and found out who you are by type of personality? If not, it's time to do it, and then return to reading this article.
Why do we need to know who the nature of ourselves and our loved ones? In order to better understand ourselves and the people around us, then misunderstanding and completely unnecessary for family life conflicts. Why be nervous or angry if your husband (wife) is acting a little strange?
This is from your point of view. And the spouse does not understand what is the basis of your actions and is often annoyed, which is not welcomed by you. You begin to grumble under your breath or even express your dissatisfaction out loud. The husband does not like it, and everything starts to move in a vicious circle. Over the years, irritation can accumulate, and family relationships spoil.
How can this be avoided? Try to understand your spouse and find out why he does this, what underlies his actions.
If you begin to understand your husband, you can help him. And vice versa, he will be able to help you, prompt and lend a helping hand when it becomes difficult for you.
Why does character deteriorate with age? There are many reasons for this. Unfortunately, our life is so arranged that after the creation of a family, difficulties begin that we did not even suspect. You probably remember the conversation between two friends:
What's up?
Hits with a key, and mostly on the head.
Few of the people life path covered with roses, mostly we somehow get the thorns. We have to make our own way in life, fight with circumstances, while we change, this is normal.
Vovochka asks:
Mom, why does dad have so little hair on his head?
Because he is very smart.
Why do you have so many?
Shut up and eat!
But some of the qualities of our character, which in youth seemed funny, can turn into such that they simply begin to poison our lives. And not only to us, but also to our loved ones. What happens to a person after 30 years?
Consider this type of temperament as choleric.
These strong and energetic people can change a lot with age. Change so much that you can't even recognize them if you haven't seen them for a long time.
What can happen to a choleric person if life turns its back on him?
Remember, I told you who this person is and how to communicate with him?
Choleric loves to keep everything under his control, he definitely needs to dominate other people, lead and constantly move towards a new goal.
But over the years, changes can occur that prevent such a person from realizing his abilities. Well, if this does not happen, but life is so unpredictable ...
The choleric suddenly loses power, if a younger employee was appointed in his place, then the authority falls, and he is very worried about all this.
The respect that he always enjoyed disappears, and the choleric quickly reacts to such changes. You can even say that inside it breaks, and this is understandable. After all, he no longer has the influence and power to which he was accustomed.
A choleric person can break loose, start drinking, talking to his wife and children in a raised tone, and even shouting at them. The challenge that this man needed in better times, begins to exert strong pressure from the inside.
The consequences can be dire. Therefore, the wife should help her husband, inspire him to new exploits, or even set a goal for him. The main thing is to notice the changes that occur in his character in time and take action.
If from the very beginning of the creation of a family, the husband was an indisputable authority, and the wife did not want to argue with him and did not contradict him in anything, then in such a situation the husband can turn into a despot and tyrant for his loved ones.
Do you understand why it is so important to develop the traits of other types of character that you have? If there are features of a phlegmatic inside the choleric, then he will begin to help other people, and in this way he will be able to overcome the crisis.
I will write about one more, in my opinion, the most striking change that can happen to a choleric person if life has presented him with an unpleasant surprise. It's hard to believe, but these strong people can start collecting old junk and gradually turn into a kind of "Plushkin".
Imagine a situation where a choleric suddenly lost his job, where he received a high salary, or simply went bankrupt. The earth suddenly disappeared from under his feet, the world turned upside down, and there were no close people nearby who could help him.
And such a person begins to accumulate things at home, he puts them in heaps and brings them again, filling the entire living space.
While not completely confused, but he will not be able to stop it on his own.
I used to lead a very active life: I played tennis, football, played chess, participated in car races. But it all ended when the computer "died".
Do you know why he does it? He needs the same control that drove his actions before. And the only thing that this control returns to him is picking up trash.
Therefore, the help of loved ones and understanding on their part is so important. If suddenly your husband is a choleric and is going through a period of crisis, help him understand that this crisis is simply challenging him. Set a goal for your husband, talk to him in his language, which he understands. And this unpleasant moment of life will end.
Just don't leave loved one fight with yourself alone, be there and tell me where to go next and what difficult task needs to be solved in the very near future. Help and support is very, very important, remember this.
What's going on with phlegmatic when his age becomes 30 years or more?
Changes in character may not be as bright and noticeable as those of a choleric person, but they also exist. Every phlegmatic person begins to be afraid of change with age, because he feels so good and calm when everything flows smoothly and nothing new happens.
Therefore, some people with this type of temperament try to make sure that no one and nothing disturbs them. Remember how the ostrich hides its head in the sand and how in the swamp standing water frogs croak?
The principle: “my hut is on the edge, I don’t know anything” can become the main thing for a phlegmatic person. Agree that it is difficult to put up with such behavior, because something is constantly changing in life, you need to move forward, and you can’t get away from it.
Such an approach to life can have a very bad effect on loved ones, because they are used to the fact that a person with such a character has always come to the rescue before.
The pursuit of tranquility can lead to a complete change in lifestyle: the TV becomes the main friend.
Phlegmatic people like to sit around the TV in the evenings, watch the news, start to be afraid of everything and gradually withdraw into themselves. You meet such a person, and he begins to tell you all sorts of horrors: who and where was killed, where did the catastrophe occur, and the like.
At the same time, he intimidates himself even more, but in the evening he again sits down in front of the TV and watches everything. And at the same time, he believes what he hears, because such a person is very trusting.
This, of course, is an extreme, but it occurs quite often.
If troubles begin in the family, it is very difficult for a phlegmatic person to cope with problems. After all, it is difficult for him to overcome fears. But everything is fixable, especially if there are close people who are ready to help.
There are still people of this type of temperament who, because of their desire to help, can greatly harm loved ones. If suddenly the husband appears bad habit drink, the wife will endure for a long time, not daring to take extreme measures.
The phlegmatic tries not to offend anyone, he is a little naive, which, for example, children can take advantage of. They can completely shift all responsibility for their children to grandparents who are ready to help. They simply abandon their children, refusing to raise them. And they motivate this by being too tired at work.
Grandparents take their grandchildren to their place and take care of them until they become adults. Of course, health is not what it used to be, and the burden is too heavy, but what can you do? We all need to help! You probably know such stories.
sanguine.
Everything is simple here. If you have mixed type character, then positive features can cover negative ones. You will always remain a cheerful and cheerful person and live a very happy life.
If you are a pure sanguine type of temperament, then you need to be especially attentive to your loved ones and appreciate their love and care. It may take all their patience and good attitude towards you. Why?
The carefree nature of such a person at some point in his life changes very much. It happens in roughly the same scenario. At first, everything is fun, everything is wonderful. Friends with whom there are constant meetings, new acquaintances and so on.
Such a person always sits at the head of the table and tells jokes and all sorts of funny stories. And this happens all the time, until he just gets tired of these people.
With age, a sanguine person begins to talk a lot about himself and at the same time does not listen to other people at all. Your life is absolutely not interesting to him, because other people are of little interest to him.
You meet such a person, and he tells you everything and talks about his life, not allowing you to insert a word. Then you leave, full of other people's problems, although all this does not concern you at all.
No, no and NO! You need a prescription to buy arsenic. I really sympathize with you, but one photo of your mother-in-law is not enough.
And what will a sanguine person do if they do not appreciate him and make it clear? He will go looking for another company and a new family. Very often, a person with this type of temperament has a second family, a third and even a fourth.
But at the end of his life, he may be left alone, abandoned by everyone and completely unnecessary to anyone.
To prevent this from happening, control yourself and ask your wife more often what she doesn’t like about your relationship. Remember that approval and popularity do not have to be sought elsewhere. After all, it is much better to be a bright and significant person in your own family.
Just be sure to learn to take responsibility and not shift it onto the shoulders of other people.
Melancholic.
For some reason, I always write about melancholic people last. But, I think that people with this type of character will not be offended by me. After all, they themselves know their worth and almost always expect high-quality answers and accurately plan every day of their lives.
The main thing is to sort everything out in order, without jumping from place to place.
What can happen to a person who strives for perfection? Oddly enough, melancholics are prone to depression. They constantly worry about everything in a row: about children, about a husband or wife, about parents, about the weather, and even about their pets.
These thoughts, which are constantly spinning in the head, cause a real depression, from which it is difficult to get out.
If the melancholic lives alone, the character can deteriorate so much that the person even stops smiling. And he will turn into a rather unpleasant person, become a kind of bore.
In the animal kingdom, rhinos have this character. These animals are always bad mood, are very suspicious and ready to attack when threatened.
But again, this is extreme.
Melancholic people are very fond of tasks, they receive them from their loved ones or come up with them themselves. For example, they study new areas or immerse themselves in something interesting that can completely capture them and give them a lot of positive emotions.
The melancholic must learn to be tactful towards other people and not to express his remarks in a harsh tone so as not to hurt the feelings of other people. Try to enjoy life so that your character does not deteriorate. (Don't let the rhinoceros come out of the bush).
Just look at your life from a different angle, you will definitely see the blue sky above your head, the bright sun and hear the birds singing in the trees. And then any change your his character It will only get better with age.
And if you try to figure out what kind of birds sing so well, you will find for yourself a new and completely unexplored area in which you can acquire new knowledge. You can study anything you want, because melancholic people have a very inquisitive mind. For example, to take up painting, as I did myself, or scuba diving or something else.
Melancholy people understand what I'm talking about.
Much more could be written about qualities of character about how a person's character changes with age, about phlegmatic, sanguine, choleric and melancholic. But the article ends, so I put an end to it.
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15. Does attention decrease with age!
If you ask yourself: "Why did I become so distracted recent times? I used to be much more attentive,” perhaps you have valid reasons for this. As we age, we become more and more sensitive to outside interference and distractions. That is why it is difficult for older people to do several things at the same time with the same efficiency. Some people get tired and irritated more quickly from their own inability to concentrate. Many tests of divided attention have shown that this syndrome worsens with age. The consequences of this are often deplorable: older people tend to give up activities that gave them pleasure, on the grounds that they cannot do it as successfully as before.
In fact, a lot here depends on the organization. After giving up "polymorphic activity" (that is, combining several things), a person must learn to focus on things of paramount importance. Let's remember Montaigne's charming saying: “When I dance, I dance; when I sleep, I sleep." Long live those who know how to give themselves completely to one thing! They get much more pleasure from it. Yes, indeed, some consequences of aging are unavoidable (metabolic slowdown, sensitivity to extraneous interference), but a person is able to adapt to them by slightly changing the usual norms of behavior. You either read or watch TV. You are either studying a recipe or chatting with a friend. Being engaged in one thing at a certain point in time, you will get satisfaction from the effectiveness of your actions.
Internal organization helps identify problems and find solutions. As attention wanes, you must learn to anticipate situations and prepare for them in advance. By solving problems related to attention, you will get rid of half of the so-called memory troubles. Get into the habit of asking for help. If you suddenly remember: “I must send this letter and return the book to Mike,” do both the first and second immediately. If this is not possible, take urgent measures to ensure that you do not forget about business by the time you leave the house. Put a letter and a book near your bag or coat - then you will not forget about them. The weaker your attention, the more you need these strategies. So, be more organized:
Act immediately after thinking about the need to do something: “do it this minute”;
Use visual or auditory cues;
Put the items you need in prominent places;
Do only one thing at a time;
Anticipate situations in which your attention is dulled.
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