Message on the theme of the new time of the triumph of Europe. Presentation "New time - the triumph of Europe" (grade 4) around the world - project, report. Fill in the missing words

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The lesson of the world around

New time - the triumph of Europe

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Answers to the questions of the game "Is this true?" 1. + 2. + 3. - 4. + 5. - 6. + 7. - 8. +

Evaluation standards: "5" - no errors "4" - 1-2 errors "3" - 3-4 errors

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Why is New Time called new?

Versions: Anyuta's rights; Ilyusha is right; both are right.

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Research work on the topic "Technical achievements of the modern era"

Goryunova A., Chupov D., Medvedev I., Gabulov R., Shpartenko S., Serdyukov N., Makarova V., Zelyuk D., Karavaeva N., Novikova M., Bogdanova D., Masakova A.

Municipal educational institution"Average comprehensive school#2 with in-depth study of English language» Sosnovy Bor

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The purpose of the work: The study of the technical achievements of the era of modern times

Tasks of the work: To study the technical achievements of the era. Establish who are the authors of these inventions. Find out what benefit the invention has brought to mankind. To form an idea about these inventions among the class children in the lesson.

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Photo

William Henry Talbot

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre

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After the creation by the American inventor Robert Fulton of the first wheeled steam ship, the Clermont (1807), sails began to be replaced by a steam engine. With many shortcomings, steamships had a significant advantage: the speed of their movement did not depend on the direction and strength of the wind. Slowly but surely, steamboats were replacing sailboats. In terms of cargo transportation, sailboats gave way to steamboats in the early 1990s. nineteenth century

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Airplane. Aviation (from the Latin "bird") appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. At first, airplanes - aircraft heavier than air - were looked at as a curious curiosity; they were more of a fashion fad than a common means of transportation. The first successful flight on a motorized aircraft was made by the Americans in 1903. Them aircraft flew 37 meters in 12 seconds.

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IVAN FYODOROV

In Russia, the first printing house was founded in 1563 by Ivan Fedorov. In 1564, together with his colleague Peter Mstislavets, he published the first Russian printed book.

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PRINTING PRESS

Like other inventions, printing did not come out of nowhere. The first to combine all these devices into one was the German master Johannes Gutenberg. It was a printing press!

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Morse Samuel Finley Breeze (1791-1872)

Morse Samuel Finlay Breeze is an American artist and inventor. In 1837 he invented the electro-mechanical telegraph apparatus. In 1838, he developed an uneven code in which each letter or sign is represented by a combination of short (dots) and long (dash) electrical signals, light flashes or sounds.

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The Morse apparatus among various telegraph systems is the most famous and, until recently, was the most common. Although this device was conceived by Samuel Morse, and the first successful results with it were obtained already in 1837, it was not until 1844 that it was improved (by Alfred Weil) so much that it could be applied to business.

Telegraph.

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Morse code.

The most famous signal in the world is the SOS signal. It is designated as follows: ...--- ...

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The inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922), was a philologist by profession. He was born in the Scottish city of Edinburgh. The 70s of the XIX century - a time of rapid development of the telegraph. A tuning fork is a technical device, a sound source that serves as a standard of pitch when tuning musical instruments and in singing.

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Alexander Bell received a patent for the invention of the telephone on March 7, 1876. In 1877 Western Union started making phones without Bell's permission. At the end of 1879 Western Union made an agreement with Bell. The Bell Company was founded. With the money received, Bell founded the A. Volta Institute in Washington.

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Telescope

Galileo made his first telescope in such a way that one lens is convex and one concave. Then Galileo began to grind glasses and experiment with them. But, even having achieved success in grinding, he received only one usable glass for sixty unusable ones.

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A month after the first success, Galileo made a telescope with tenfold magnification. Constantly improving his pipe and improving its lenses, Galileo achieved a 30-fold increase. Astronomical observations are now possible.

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light bulb

Created by Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

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A.V. Levenguk

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek was born on October 24, 1623 in the Dutch city of Delft. Dutch naturalist, one of the founders of scientific microscopy. Having made lenses with 150-300-fold magnification, for the first time he observed and sketched (publications since 1673) a number of protozoa, bacteria, erythrocytes and their movement in capillaries.

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Microscope

MICROSCOPE - an optical instrument with one or more lenses for obtaining enlarged images of objects that are not visible to the naked eye. Microscopes are simple and complex. A simple microscope is one lens system. A simple magnifying glass can be considered a simple microscope. A compound microscope (often referred to simply as a microscope) is a combination of two simple ones.

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James Nesmith (1808-1890) created in 1839. an unusually powerful steam hammer, which made a real revolution in metallurgical production.

In 1841, the Nesmith system steam hammer was built in France and used in factories joint-stock company Schneider & Co. at Creusot.

In 1842, J. Nesmith created a steam hammer at his factory in Manchester. Since then, steam hammers have been rapidly introduced at enterprises in many countries of the world.

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On July 25, 1814, the locomotive of the English inventor George Stephenson (1781-1848) carried 30 tons of cargo on a narrow gauge railway in 8 wagons at a speed of 6.4 km per hour.

In 1823 Stephenson founded the first locomotive plant.

In 1825 launched the first Railway from Stoktan to Darlington, and in 1830. - railway line common use between the industrial centers of Liverpool and Manchester.

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Balloon

The balloon was built and first launched into the sky by the Montgolfier brothers - Joser (1740 - 1810) and Jacques (1745 - 1799). At first, the brothers decided to fill the balloon with water vapor, but it turned out to be too heavy. Then Montgolfier began to use the smoke generated by the burning of wool and straw.

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The presentation (slides No. 5-No. 31) was prepared by a group of students of grade 4 "B" of the MBOU "Secondary School No. 2 with in-depth study of the English language" in Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Region under the guidance of a teacher primary school MBOU "Secondary school No. 2 with in-depth study of the English language" Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad region Kuzmik S.V. (slides #1-#4, #32-34)

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Electronic resources used:

Portrait of Joseph Nicéphore Niépce [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/1/56/137/56137805_Joseph_Nic_233phore_Ni_233pce.jpg Photo portrait of William Henry Talbot [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/enc_colier/ph08856.jpg Portrait of Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://prophotos.ru/data/articles/0000/3102/13867/thumb_400.jpg The first wheeled steam vessel Claremont [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.veneportaal.ee/mg/02/11021103.JPG The first aircraft [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/history/top10/wright-flyer.jpg The first aircraft [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.e-reading-lib.org/illustrations/82/82117-i010-001-244026306.jpg The first car in the world (1885, authors Gottlieb Daimler, Karl Benz) [Electronic resource] . – Access mode: http://cache.zr.ru/wpfiles/uploads/2007/06/82625.jpg Monument to the pioneer printer Ivan Fedorov [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://static.vmurmanske.ru/serverdata/events_info/2084/imgFull.jpg Johann Gutenberg's printing press [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.bochkavpechatleniy.com/data/photo/42273/200px-printing_machine_of_johanes_gutenbrg1.jpg Morse's portrait of Samuel Finley Breeze [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5605/e675xa.9d/0_57da6_93f36995_XL Morse code [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://uploadimages.org.ua/uploads/posts/2011-02/1297172182_18dd8bcc5055c880a1984225677.jpg Phone of Alexander Graham Bell [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/PJ-AX490_PHONEs_G_20101013192523.jpg Photograph of Alexander Graham Bell [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ap/c/c008355.jpg

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Portrait of Galileo [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg Galileo's spyglass [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://readmas.ru/wp-content/filesall/teleskop-400x610.jpg Photograph of Thomas Edison [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://blogs-images.forbes.com/glennllopis/files/2011/03/300px-Thomas_Alva_Edison_k.jpg Edison's Phonograph [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://abel.hive.no/trumpet/arban/edison/Edison_Phonograph.jpg Portrait of A.V. Levenguk [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://vanin.21306s09.edusite.ru/images/p12_levenguk.jpg A.V. Levenguk's microscope [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/wiki/files/67/Compound_Microscope_1876.JPG Nesmith system steam hammer [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://sbiblio.com/biblio/archive/shuhardin_tehnika/images/08_clip_image014.jpg The first steam locomotive of the English inventor George Stephenson [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://bse.sci-lib.com/pictures/17/01/255211951.jpg Portrait of the Montgolfier brothers [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://webdiscover.ru/uploads/comments/x_1311601690.jpg Montgolfier Brothers Balloon [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://s46.radikal.ru/i112/1104/f9/f1c0f4745b10.jpg The first launch of a manned balloon [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.hemi.nsu.ru/paris1783.jpg Modern balloon [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://dream-wall.ru/upload/dreams/Vozdushnyiy_shar.jpg

1. Insert the missing words into the text.

Since the 15th century Middle Ages gone into the past New time. The society that arose in the place of Christian Europe began to be called Western world . changed technique Europeans and their knowledge of nature.

Continue with suggestions.

During this time people did a lot scientific discoveries and learned about electricity, about microbes, about the fact that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
We still use many achievements of the New Age, for example: electricity, drugs, radio, telephone, steam engines, internal combustion engines, aviation.

Write in the box what achievements and values spread in the era of the New Age from the West to the East, and which from the East to the West.

2. Mark with Roman numerals on the "river of time" (p. 31) the centuries of the era of the New Age. Write in the boxes the years of events known to you.

1. 1789 - The Great French Revolution.
2. 1939 - World War II.
3 1492 - Columbus discovered America.

From the events presented to you, choose those that belong to the era of the New Age, and mark their dates on the "river of time"

Read the inventions of the New Age that influenced the development of mankind. Come up with a symbol that is clear to you for each invention and draw it in a frame, and then on the “river of time” in the right place.

4. Complete tasks on contour map(See pp. 88-89).

Write the names of the civilizations of the New Age.
Circle the border of the Russian Empire.
Color the territory in different colors

Write in which parts of the world the civilizations of the modern era are located.

Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australia

Write which of the civilizations you have painted is the most extensive - western

In what parts of the world is it located? Europe, America, Australia, Africa

Outline the borders of the lands conquered by the European states. Write in which parts of the world the lands conquered by European states were located. - Africa. Asia

Come up with symbolic images of architectural monuments of the New Age (see pages 70-71 of the textbook). Put them on the territory of those civilizations where these structures were built.

4. In the era of the New Age, the call was made: “Freedom! Equality! Brotherhood!". Why do you think these words continue to be important to this day?

Position (opinion) I believe that these words are still important, yes, this call is still relevant
Argument(s) because all people on Earth should have equal rights and equal duties, they should have the right to freedom of choice, and peoples should help each other.

In whose place would you not want to be if you were in the era of the New Age?

Position (opinion) I would not like to be on the seat of the French royal family.
Argument(s) because during the French Revolution, the king was overthrown and executed.

Sections: Primary School

Class: 4

To form in students primary ideas about the era of the New Age (time period, development of technology, features organization of society, moral change); to teach to find in modern life phenomena, achievements and discoveries that have been preserved since the era of the New Age; learn to work with the map.
To develop thinking, attention, the ability to listen to the answers of their comrades, to develop analytical skills, skills of independent work.
Develop (educate) in children moral character(learn to explain whether or not you agree with the ideas of good and evil that prevailed in the era of the New Age).

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Warm-up (repetition).

(During the warm-up, students stand near their places, each student has three cards with the letters A B C in their hands)

(The teacher reads the question and offers three answers to it. Each student holds up a card with the letter that, in his opinion, corresponds to the correct answer.)

1. The ancient world is the time of appearance:

A) first people
B) The first civilizations
B) the first villages

2. The Egyptian state arose on the banks of the river:

A) Euphrates
B) Ganges
B) Nile

3. The Middle Ages is the time:

A) Between the Primitive World and the Ancient World
B) Between the ancient world and modern times
C) Between the Primitive World and the New Age

4. In medieval states, the majority of the population lived:

A) in cities
B) in caves
B) in the villages

5. This word originally meant "horseman":

A) barbarian
B) Troubadour
B) a knight

6. In what year did the crusader knights recapture the holy city of Jerusalem from the Arabs:

A) 999
B) 1099
C) 1199

3. Verification homework.

(each student has a card with questions on his desk; a few minutes are given to answer the questions; after which the teacher collects the cards for verification)

Questions for checking homework:

List civilizations ancient world.
Why was the Middle Ages so named?
What branches did Christianity divide into in the Middle Ages?
List the achievements of the Middle Ages.

4. The topic of the lesson (new topic).

– Our “journey” through the epochs world history continues. Open the textbook (A.A. Vakhrushev, D.D. Danilov " The world. 4th grade. Part 2. Man and mankind”) on page 46. Look at the “timeline”. What is the name of the next "stop"? (the era that scientists called the New Age) How many centuries does this era cover? List these centuries.

– Turn to page 68 and read the topic of our lesson. ( New time - the triumph of Europe) Guys, how do you understand the word "triumph"?

A celebration is a big celebration on the occasion of some event.
Celebration - a feeling of joy, satisfaction for some occasion.
Triumph - victory, the complete success of someone or something.

What meaning of the word fits the topic of the lesson? Why do you think New Time was called "new"?

- Read the dialogue of the heroes of the textbook and formulate an answer.

– Consider the map on page 70-71 of the textbook. How have the borders of civilized countries changed in modern times compared to the Middle Ages? (expanded and covered all continents) Using a map and symbols, determine which lands were inhabited by immigrants from Europe? (in the Middle Ages, Europe occupied a small territory. In the era of the New Age, Europeans settled Australia, Northern and South America, southern Africa, conquered the countries of the East and Africa) So why did the expression “triumph of Europe” appear in the title of the topic of the lesson?

Selective reading (checking children's reading comprehension):

Where did most of the citizens live?
What was the name of the new society?
– What did scientists prove in modern times?
- What gave the Europeans the invention of new drugs for terrible diseases?
What is the year 1492 famous for? (teacher puts a picture on the board)
- What states subjugated many lands and peoples?

5. Physical culture break.

6. Theme of the lesson (continued).

– Consider the drawings “Technical Achievements in the Modern Era” on page 69. Name the most significant inventions.

(The teacher can show additional illustrations showing the first telephone, the first light bulb, the first airplanes and steam locomotives)

(This lesson assumes that there will be short and short presentations by pre-prepared students with reports on the invention of the telephone, light bulb, photography, airplane, etc.)

- What has changed in people's lives with the advent of these inventions? (human capabilities have expanded, it has become easier and more convenient to live)

- As the inhabitants of the Western world mastered distant lands, the attitude of people towards each other also changed. On page 73, with the help of a picture, remember the old orders of the Middle Ages. (society was divided into groups with different rights and obligations, the fate of a person depended on the family in which he was born, in the state everything depended on the will of the sovereign) Compare with the form of social organization that has developed in Europe.

- Now let's read the part of the paragraph called "All people are brothers!" (pp. 72–73).

– There were two ways to move from the old order to the new.

Revolution is a revolution in the life of society, which leads to the destruction of obsolete social and political system and transfers power to the hands of the advanced class.

Transformation is changing something for the better.

7. Homework.

– Modern times are interesting not only for their technical achievements, revolutions and transformations, but also for their architectural symbols. On pages 70–71, look at their pictures. Find information about eiffel tower, Big Ben, Moscow Kremlin, Taj Mahal. Read the textbook paragraph.

8. Independent work in a notebook.

(Workbook for the textbook)
pp.46–47 #1, page 48 #2.
(Front check)

9. The result of the lesson.

Name the era following the Middle Ages.
- Why is New Time called "new"?
– What achievements of the New Age do we use to this day?

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Slides captions:

Lesson of the world around 4th grade 2013-2014 academic year Municipal budgetary educational institution basic comprehensive school No. 28

Warm-up Test 1. The ancient world is the time of the appearance of: a) the first people; b) the first civilizations; c) the first villages; 2. The Egyptian state arose on the banks of the river: a) Euphrates; b) Ganges; c) Nile;

3. The Middle Ages is the time: a) between the Primitive World and the Ancient World; b) between the ancient world and modern times; c) between the Primitive world and the New time;

4. In the Medieval state, the majority of the population lived: a) in the city; b) in caves; c) in the village; 5. This word originally means "horseman" a) barbarian; b) troubadour; c) a knight 6. In what year did the crusaders recapture the holy city of Jerusalem from the Arabs: a) 999. b) 1099 c) 1199

CHECK! 1 in. 2 in. 3 in. 4th c. 5th c. 6th c. b c b c c b

Homework check 1. List the civilizations of the ancient world. 2. Why did the era of the Middle Ages get such a name? 3. What branches divided Christianity in the Middle Ages? 4. List the achievements of the Middle Ages?

Theme of the lesson "New time - the triumph of Europe"

Celebration?

1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America

Technical advances

The first telephone Created by Bell A.T.

Incandescent light bulb Thomas Alva Edison

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Answers to the questions of the game "Is this true?" 1. + 2. + 3. - 4. + 5. - 6. + 7. - 8. + Evaluation standards: "5" - no errors "4" - 1-2 errors "3" - 3-4 errors

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Technical achievements of the New Age Era Name of the invention Author of the invention Purpose of the invention 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

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Research work on the topic "Technical achievements of the modern era" Goryunova A., Chupov D., Medvedev I., Gabulov R., Shpartenko S., Serdyukov N., Makarova V., Zelyuk D., Karavaeva N., Novikova M. , Bogdanova D., Masakova A. Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 2 with in-depth study of the English language" Sosnovy Bor

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The purpose of the work: The study of the technical achievements of the era of the New Age Tasks of the work: To study the technical achievements of the era. Establish who are the authors of these inventions. Find out what benefit the invention has brought to mankind. To form an idea about these inventions among the class children in the lesson.

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IVAN FYODOROV In Russia, the first printing house was founded in 1563 by Ivan Fedorov. In 1564, together with his colleague Peter Mstislavets, he published the first Russian printed book.

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THE PRINTING MACHINE Like other inventions, typography did not appear out of nowhere. The first to combine all these devices into one was the German master Johannes Gutenberg. It was a printing press!

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Morse Samuel Finley Breeze (1791-1872) Morse Samuel Finley Breeze was an American artist and inventor. In 1837 he invented the electro-mechanical telegraph apparatus. In 1838, he developed an uneven code in which each letter or sign is represented by a combination of short (dots) and long (dash) electrical signals, light flashes or sounds.

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Morse code. The most famous signal in the world is the SOS signal. It is designated as follows: ...--- ...

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Telescope Galileo made his first telescope in such a way that one lens is convex and one concave. Then Galileo began to grind glasses and experiment with them. But, even having achieved success in grinding, he received only one usable glass for sixty unusable ones. Galileo

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Success A month after the first success, Galileo made a telescope with tenfold magnification. Constantly improving his pipe and improving its lenses, Galileo achieved a 30-fold increase. Astronomical observations are now possible.

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AV Leeuwenhoek Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek was born on October 24, 1623 in the Dutch city of Delft. Dutch naturalist, one of the founders of scientific microscopy. Having made lenses with 150-300-fold magnification, for the first time he observed and sketched (publications since 1673) a number of protozoa, bacteria, erythrocytes and their movement in capillaries.

slide 25

Microscope MICROSCOPE is an optical instrument with one or more lenses for obtaining enlarged images of objects that are not visible to the naked eye. Microscopes are simple and complex. A simple microscope is one lens system. A simple magnifying glass can be considered a simple microscope. A compound microscope (often referred to simply as a microscope) is a combination of two simple ones.

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James Nesmith (1808-1890) created in 1839. an unusually powerful steam hammer, which made a real revolution in metallurgical production. In 1841, the steam hammer of the Nesmith system was built in France and used at the factories of the joint-stock company Schneider and Co. in Creusot. In 1842, J. Nesmith created a steam hammer at his factory in Manchester. Since then, steam hammers have been rapidly introduced at enterprises in many countries of the world.

slide 27

On July 25, 1814, the locomotive of the English inventor George Stephenson (1781-1848) carried 30 tons of cargo on a narrow gauge railway in 8 wagons at a speed of 6.4 km per hour. In 1823 Stephenson founded the first locomotive plant. In 1825 the first railway from Stoktan to Darlington began to operate, and in 1830. - a public railway line between the industrial centers of Liverpool and Manchester.

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The balloon was built and first launched into the sky by the Montgolfier brothers Joser (1740-1810) and Jacques (1745-1799). At first, the brothers decided to fill the balloon with water vapor, but it turned out to be too heavy. Then Montgolfier began to use the smoke generated by the burning of wool and straw.

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The first launch took place on June 5, 1783 in the presence of numerous spectators. Balloon (volume 600 m3) to a height of 2000m. Modern ball:

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Results of the study: New time is the era of great technical achievements, which are used by mankind at the present time.

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Electronic resources used: Portrait of Joseph Nicéphore Niépce [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/1/56/137/56137805_Joseph_Nic_233phore_Ni_233pce.jpg Photo portrait of William Henry Talbot [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/enc_colier/ph08856.jpg Portrait of Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://prophotos.ru/data/articles/0000/3102/13867/thumb_400.jpg The first wheeled steam vessel Claremont [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.veneportaal.ee/mg/02/11021103.JPG The first aircraft [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/history/top10/wright-flyer.jpg The first aircraft [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.e-reading-lib.org/illustrations/82/82117-i010-001-244026306.jpg The first car in the world (1885, authors Gottlieb Daimler, Karl Benz) [Electronic resource] . – Access mode: http://cache.zr.ru/wpfiles/uploads/2007/06/82625.jpg Monument to the pioneer printer Ivan Fedorov [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://static.vmurmanske.ru/serverdata/events_info/2084/imgFull.jpg Johann Gutenberg's printing press [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.bochkavpechatleniy.com/data/photo/42273/200px-printing_machine_of_johanes_gutenbrg1.jpg Morse's portrait of Samuel Finley Breeze [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5605/e675xa.9d/0_57da6_93f36995_XL Morse code [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://uploadimages.org.ua/uploads/posts/2011-02/1297172182_18dd8bcc5055c880a1984225677.jpg Phone of Alexander Graham Bell [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/PJ-AX490_PHONEs_G_20101013192523.jpg Photograph of Alexander Graham Bell [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ap/c/c008355.jpg

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Electronic resources used: Portrait of Galileo [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg Galileo's spyglass [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://readmas.ru/wp-content/filesall/teleskop-400x610.jpg Photograph of Thomas Edison [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://blogs-images.forbes.com/glennllopis/files/2011/03/300px-Thomas_Alva_Edison_k.jpg Edison's Phonograph [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://abel.hive.no/trumpet/arban/edison/Edison_Phonograph.jpg Portrait of A.V. Levenguk [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://vanin.21306s09.edusite.ru/images/p12_levenguk.jpg A.V. Levenguk's microscope [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/wiki/files/67/Compound_Microscope_1876.JPG Nesmith system steam hammer [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://sbiblio.com/biblio/archive/shuhardin_tehnika/images/08_clip_image014.jpg The first steam locomotive of the English inventor George Stephenson [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://bse.sci-lib.com/pictures/17/01/255211951.jpg Portrait of the Montgolfier brothers [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://webdiscover.ru/uploads/comments/x_1311601690.jpg Montgolfier Brothers Balloon [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://s46.radikal.ru/i112/1104/f9/f1c0f4745b10.jpg The first launch of a manned balloon [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.hemi.nsu.ru/paris1783.jpg Modern balloon [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://dream-wall.ru/upload/dreams/Vozdushnyiy_shar.jpg

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