Siberian shooters great war…
Fighters who stood out in their fighting qualities even against the backdrop of the bulk of the excellent army infantry of Russia. Thunderstorm of the enemy, which decided the fate of many battles and battles. Let us pay attention to, in our opinion, the most important and revealing facts characterizing the Siberian rifle units and formations in 1914-1917.
Fact #1. During the First World War, without exaggeration, a whole Siberian army turned up at the front - 7 Siberian army corps (SibAk): 24 Siberian rifle divisions (including Consolidated) (92 Siberian rifle and 4 consolidated Siberian rifle regiments).
Niva 1915. No. 16.
Fact number 2. What distinguished the Siberian rifle units from the rest of the infantry?
Firstly, at the beginning of the war, the Siberian rifle units had combat command personnel with experience Russo-Japanese War(replenished after mobilization and front-line riflemen).
Secondly, the Siberian rifle regiments had teams of mounted scouts (each with 100-150 people) - only after a year of hostilities did similar teams of mounted scouts appear in infantry regiments. We wrote what great importance such a mobile and strong team of mounted scouts of the 2nd Siberian Rifle Division played during the Second Prasnysh operation (see).
The Siberian shooter is a fighter of a mounted scout team.
Thirdly, already in 1915, many Siberian rifle units had their own escort artillery - 37-mm cannons moving in combat formations of the troops (their use during the Second Prasnysh operation in February-March 1915 became an important factor in the success of the Siberians). The bulk of the infantry regiments received 37-mm guns (4-6 guns in a regimental battery) only in 1916.
Siberian shooters
Fact number 3. Siberian formations played a huge role in the outcome of a number of landmark operations.
So, the Siberian corps arrived on time - to save the third capital of Russia (the first two - St. Petersburg and Moscow) - Warsaw in September 1914 in the Warsaw-Ivangorod operation 15. 09. - 26. 10. 1914
Siberian shooters in Warsaw. September 1914
The 1st Sibak distinguished himself near Piasechno. His fighters, straight from the echelons, without the support of artillery, rushed into battle - and saved the day.
The 2nd Sibak fought near Groytsy. According to the documents, the corps lost up to 10,000 people - but the 1st SibAk was rescued.
The counteroffensive of the 2nd Army pushed the Germans back from Warsaw.
During bayonet battles in the Mochidlovsky forest, the Siberians captured many prisoners from the German 20th Army Corps (formed in Southeast Prussia; headquarters - Allenstein). The German 17th Army Corps (formed in West Prussia; headquarters - Danzig) and reserve formations and units - which struck in the Blonie-Pruszkow region, were especially affected. The Siberian and Great Russian regiments inflicted huge losses on the enemy. And many settlements passed from hand to hand many times.
During the First August operation 12.-30. 09. 1914 The 3rd SibAk occupied the city of Augustow and went to the rear of the Germans - deciding the fate of this important operation.
The 11th Siberian Rifle Division of the 1st Turkestan Army Corps rescued Osovets.
Certificate of battles of the 30th Siberian Rifle Regiment [Kodinets A. Glorious feat of the 30th Siberian Rifle Regiment // Military collection, published by the Highest Command. 1916. March. No. 3. S. 73-86.] read: “By seven o’clock in the evening (September 17), already at dusk, the artillery fire abruptly broke off, but the flaring gunfight on the right flank of the regiment indicated the beginning of the German offensive. In dense columns from behind the Ridge near the village of Sukha-Ves, the enemy moved to the crossing across the Raspuda River near Khodorka, with the apparent goal of displacing the regiments that occupied it from the crossing. However, this attempt ended in complete failure for the Prussians. The 3rd battalion of the regiment, pulled up from the reserve, deployed in company order, passing our artillery position, joined close to the bank of the river, and then, crossing the village of Khodorki to the other side, opened destructive fire on the advancing Germans in packs and volleys. This fire and, in particular, the sustained volleys of the 10th company produced terrible devastation in the ranks of the Germans. The remnants of the chains soon scattered in panic, leaving piles of wounded and dead on the fields. Behind the ridge, the Germans again settled down and, reinforced by fresh units, again went on the attack, but with the same results. Only by eight o'clock in the evening, when it was already completely dark, did attempts to take the crossing from us cease. The firefight subsided, completely and only the groans of numerous wounded Germans broke the general silence that had settled around ... ".
Then new battles, and by 13 o'clock on September 18, only the banner platoon remained in the reserve. Fortunately, at that time, the 4th battalion, which had returned to the regiment, approached the right flank. Relying on a fresh battalion, Colonel M.V. Izhitsky decided to gradually withdraw the entire regiment from the crossfire and settle down at the height of the Kontsebor manor. Having strengthened the 1st company in the village of Stokie, the regiment began to retreat in riffles. During the withdrawal, although the companies were indicated a new direction, people, instinctively turning to face the oblique shots of the enemy on the right, retreated significantly south of their new positions, which is why the regiment’s battle order on the Koncebor manor line turned out to be too stretched and thrown back from the road to Suwalki. But "the Prussians, having taken the movement for a forced retreat", at about 17 o'clock began an energetic offensive from the settlements of Stokie and Maly Kontsebor - and the left-flank companies faltered, starting to retreat.
And then the regiment commander himself rushed into the chain, who began to cheer the retreating fighters. Three times he stopped the retreating and personally led them into bayonet charges against the Germans. The soft soil, soaked under the downpour, made progress very difficult. But the Siberian shooters, dropping all their equipment, attacked with a shout of "hurrah" - with rifles alone. As a result, the Germans under these blows quickly stopped their offensive. The units were put in order, consolidated companies were formed - and under the command of officers they again moved forward, supporting the bayonet attacks of their comrades. Such persistent attacks confused the Germans - and the onslaught of the latter ceased.
6 times, like a stormy stream that washed away everything in its path, the valiant regiment fell upon the Germans with its bayonets - and the whole forest was literally strewn with the corpses of the enemy. The German offensive was finally broken. And the remnants of the regiment, leaving the sphere of fire, settled down to rest south of East Kirianovka.
The task set - to cover the operations of the corps from the flank, the 30th Siberian regiment in a three-day battle with an entire German division was successfully and valiantly completed. Despite the heavy losses, the duty "to the Tsar and the Motherland" was fulfilled - although the regiment suffered heavy losses both in officers and enlisted personnel. Covering the flanks and rear of the corps, with his blood he ensured the success of this operation: without interference from Khodorka, Kirianovka and Shchebra. G. Suwalki was taken by the Russians, and the Germans "ran back across their border."
How much fewer losses the Russian troops suffered in bayonet battles are evidenced by the losses for September 17-20, which were expressed in the following figures: 7th Siberian division - 9 officers and 123 riflemen fell, 19 officers and 629 riflemen were wounded, missing 130 lower ranks. At the same time, 700 people were captured by healthy Germans (as well as many wounded, especially in the city of Dovspuda). R. I. Malinovsky, who fought in 1914 as a private near Suwalki, recalled how stubborn bayonet fights were among Siberians - but the German infantry, inspired by recent successes, did not give up. And then, having figured out who she was dealing with and having lost combat stability, she retreated [Malinovsky R. Ya. Soldiers of Russia. M., 1978. S. 100.].
The Siberians also distinguished themselves in the Lodz operation 29. 10. - 06. 12. 1914
On October 29-30, fighting near Vlotslavsk, the 5th SibAk withstood the onslaught of the 3rd German corps (2 army and reserve), not allowing them to bypass their flanks or break through the front. After the approach of the 6th Sibak, the situation was stabilized. On November 5, the 27th and 28th Siberian regiments attacked the German trenches near the village. Chershpinen, during a bayonet attack, they captured a redoubt on high. 158 and trenches. Siberians captured 21 guns, 1 officer, 87 soldiers [RGVIA. F. 2280. Op. 1. D. 338, l. 16.] and several machine guns.
And on November 8, during a fierce battle on the left flank of the 5th Army, the 1st SibAk, supported by the 19th AK, launched a counterattack, forcing the enemy to a disorderly retreat with heavy losses (the German 38th Infantry Division was defeated). And the 5th Army paralyzed the southern "pincer" of the German offensive near Lodz.
The 2nd Sibak fought as part of the 2nd Army.
And the 6th Siberian Rifle Division, which was part of the Lovichsky detachment, together with the 63rd Infantry Division, achieved significant success, closing the encirclement around the R. Schaeffer-Boyadel group and capturing Kolyushki and Brezina (moreover, during the occupation of Brezin, the division released 600 captured Russians and captured more than 100 only unwounded Germans). But it was not strengthened - and during the night battle on November 11, the troops of R. von Schaeffer-Boyadel, breaking through the front of the 6th Siberian, broke out of the encirclement. Moreover, the Siberians fought successfully, capturing 300 prisoners, 2 batteries in the kit (with charging boxes and harnesses) and many machine guns, but the Germans bypassed her flanks. The remnants of the compound withdrew: part to the 2nd Army, and about 1.5 thousand fighters broke through to Skiernevitsy.
During the Second August operation on January 25 - February 13, 1915, the 3rd SibAk of the 10th Army again had a chance to distinguish itself. The corps parried the southern enveloping claw from the side of the enemy, twice superior to the 10th Army, which made it possible to organize the withdrawal of the main forces of the army. As a result, instead of encircling the entire 10th Army, the Germans managed to encircle only the lagging 20th Army Corps. And then the 26th Ak and 3rd Sibak, with the support of the Osovets fortress, stopped the German offensive in front of the river. Beaver.
The second and third Prasnysh operations February 7 - March 17 and June 30 - July 5, 1915, respectively, are bright pages of the Siberian riflemen's military glory. During the first of them, the 1st and 2nd Sibak turned the tide of the operation, defeating 2 German corps. The trophies of the most distinguished - the 1st SibAk were 10,000 captured Germans. During the second operation, the 1st SibAk, the 11th Siberian Rifle Division of the 1st TurkAk and units of the 4th SibAk extinguished the activity of the superior forces of the German troops, contributing to the safe withdrawal of the 1st Army.
The main merit in the successful conduct of the Vilna operation on 9.08. - 19.09.1915 belonged to the 3rd Sibak, 2nd AK, Guards and 1st Cavalry Corps - which stopped the enemy’s coverage and ensured the deployment of troops of the 2nd Army .
SibAk also operated during the Naroch operation on March 5-17, 1916 (the 1st in the group of M. M. Pleshkov, the 4th in the group of L.-O. O. Sirelius and the 3rd in the group of P. S. Baluev), as well as during the summer campaign of 1916.
In the Mitava operation in December 1916, the main attack on Mitava was delivered by the 6th SibAk (3rd and 14th Siberian Rifle Divisions), reinforced by the Latvian rifle division. The 5th Siberian division of the 2nd SibAk was to relieve the main blow with a decisive offensive. AT dark night on December 23, with a 20-degree frost, the arrows rushed forward without shots. The success was complete - the German 60th Corps was crushed (its 106th division was completely defeated and lost all artillery). The Russians took over 1000 prisoners and 33 guns - of which 15 were captured by the especially distinguished 56th Siberian Rifle Regiment. The Germans were "killed without counting", and 40 machine guns and 18 mortars were also captured. Moreover, the 6th SibAk broke through the German defenses in 2 places at once.
During the July offensive of the 10th Army in 1917, it was the units of the 1st SibAk who managed to capture the Novospassky Forest and the Kreva fortifications, capturing 14 officers and 1250 privates, 50 machine guns and 20 bombers of the Germans.
And in the Riga operation on August 19 - 24, 1917, the fighters of the 2nd and 6th SibAk reaffirmed their high combat reputation - contrary to the tendencies characteristic of the decaying bulk of the Army in the Field. On the shoulders of the commander of the 2nd SibAk, Lieutenant General V.F. Novitsky, the burden of the operation largely fell - from which the 12th Army managed to get out relatively safely, avoiding the operational encirclement. The detachment, led by the commander of the 6th SibAk, Lieutenant General V. E. Vyazmitinov, distinguished himself in rearguard battles.
The Siberian units and formations became a powerful frame in the composition of the armies, which had the honor to receive them into their composition, distinguished in almost all major offensive and defensive operations with their participation.
10.10.2008 at 20:00, views: 1020HISTORICAL MELODRAMA
“ADMIRAL” (Russia, 2008)
Director: Andrey Kravchuk.
Cast: Konstantin Khabensky, Elizaveta Boyarskaya, Sergei Bezrukov, Anna Kovalchuk, Vladislav Vetrov, Yegor Beroev, Nikolai Burlyaev, Viktor Verzhbitsky, Fyodor Bondarchuk.
Duration: 123 min.
The beginning of the last century. A turning point for the whole of Russia. Turning point in life naval officer Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak. In 1914, the team of the destroyer "Siberian shooter" under his command sinks German cruiser"Friedrich Karl", many times superior to the Russian destroyer in terms of firepower. In August 1915, in Helsingfors, he met the wife of his colleague Anna Timireva, who was destined to become the only love in his life. Good luck on the battlefield, recognition of merit by the emperor, respect for friends and love for beautiful women ... All this was. And ahead of Kolchak there are many more trials, much more significant than he could have imagined ...
THRILLER
“ALIEN FOREST” (USA, 2007)
Directed by: Tony Giglio.
Cast: Josh Randall, Brianna Brown, Nick Searcy, Beth Broderick, Sasha Rosemann, T.W. Leshner, Branden R. Morgan, Ryan McGee.
Duration: 100 min.
Two young people, Michael and Cheryl, go to a national forest in western Virginia to retire in the bosom of nature. The local gamekeeper recommends that they follow the Donner Trail or head to the Willow Creek Bridge, but the couple prefer to follow the advice of a random adviser, Ida Forester, who describes the landscapes and waterfalls of a place called Timber Falls in all sorts of colors. An unfortunate incident with local hooligans gives Cheryl the idea to get rid of the cartridges that are loaded with Mike's revolver, ostensibly in order "to not hurt anyone." In the evening, the couple sets up camp, and in the morning someone kidnaps Cheryl. Mike, who sets off in search of her, discovers that his betrothed has been captured by deranged members of a family of religious fanatics.
Refusing numerous attempts to improve their own gene pool with the help of incest, the kidnappers offered Cheryl to participate in the ennoblement of their family...
THRILLER
“FUN GAMES” (USA, 2007)
Directed by: Michael Haneke.
Cast: Naomi Watts, Tim Roth, Michael Pitt, Brady Corbet, Shavon Fallon, Devon Gerhart.
Duration: 107 min.
That ill-fated weekend began for George, Ann and their little son quite decently. Swim on a yacht, barbecue in the backyard, play golf with friends. All plans go to hell when two young people appear in front of the gate, whom the family fatal mistake accepts neighbors as guests. Naphthalene-polite uninvited guests every second change mercy to anger and vice versa, demonstrating a clear example of uncontrolled aggression. Unable to cope with such mood swings of young people, the family is forced to play along with psychopaths - after all, their lives are at stake ...
HORROR/Sci-Fi
“ALIEN” (USA, 2002)
Director: Jay Andrews.
Cast: Patrick Muldoon, Theresa Russell, Billy Keane, Tamara Davis, Daniel Quinn, Lydie Denier, Curtis Armstrong.
Duration: 85 min.
Space scientists are ready to conquer Mars. Biologists have cultivated an organism capable of terraforming - on the Red Planet, it was decided to change the atmosphere in preparation for colonization by earthlings. As a result of the accident on the shuttle, the “alien” never made it to Mars. Moreover, another “reserve” individual escapes from its laboratory conclusion on Earth. It soon turns out that in addition to carbon dioxide, the monster is ready to eat organic matter with pleasure. And, as usual, scientists made sure that their offspring was practically invulnerable ...
Destroyer Siberian Strelok, which became in the USSR TFR "Designer"
At the beginning, I thought just to describe an episode from combat way Ladoga flotilla, when, after being hit by a 250-kg bomb, the surviving crew of the Constructor TFR saved their ship, and then, in the monstrous conditions of the winter of 1941 in Leningrad, restored it from improvised means. The following year, the ship again entered the lake to carry out daily combat service. But, it turns out that the Ladoga flotilla of the Second World War, assembled and armed "from what it was", consisted of ships, the combat path of almost each of which was full of participation in many events that abounded in the first half of the 20th century. Traces of the former destroyer Baltic Fleet"Siberian Strelok", which later became the Ladoga TFR "Constructor", are found here and there in close connection with the era and are of interest not only as a ship's fate.
"BLACK CRUISER"
Among the ships that fought in 1941-44 on Ladoga as part of the Ladoga Flotilla, the patrol ship "Konstruktor" stood out for its pedigree and its black coal smoke.
The same age as the Aurora, ordered among 24 destroyers for operations on Far East, the ship did not have time to Tsushima. Late for one war, he actively took part in the next, several times he had to die, but each time he was reborn, was loved by his crew, defended the northern capital more than once and served the country for almost half a century.
"VOLUNTEERS" 
Destroyers General Kondratenko and Sibirsky Strelok, completion afloat in Helsinki. 1905-1906
“Siberian Strelok” - this was the name of this destroyer at first, it belonged to a series of mine cruisers (since 1907 they were called destroyers), the construction of which was financed by the “Special Committee to Strengthen the Navy on Voluntary Donations”. The name "volunteers" was assigned to the ships of this series.
The project was developed by the designers of the Vulkan plant according to the tactical and technical assignment of the chief ship engineer of the St. Petersburg port, Major General D. V. Skvortsov. The ship's hull was laid down in March 1905 at the shipyard joint-stock company"Sandvik ship dock and mechanical plant" in Helsingfors, launched on September 6 of the same year and became part of the Baltic Fleet in June 1906.
"Siberian shooter" in the sea on the move
The lead ship of the series was named "General Kondratenko" - in memory of the hero of the defense of Port Arthur, who died on the forts of the fortress in December 1904. Three others, with the personal approval of the Sovereign Emperor, were named in honor of the units of the Russian army that distinguished themselves in battles with the Japanese: "Siberian Strelok", "Hunter" and "Border Guard".
"In May 1907, on the days of the 204th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, a detachment of 25 ships entered the Neva and dropped anchor under the windows Winter Palace. For the first time since the gunboats, the fleet presented its new replenishment to the capital. For the first time, ships open for viewing were subjected to an unheard-of mass invasion of crowds of Petersburgers for four days. People with genuine interest and admiration examined the ships, including the interior. Officers watch kept order. Proud of their new ships, the sailors shamelessly and enthusiastically exaggerated the characteristics of their equipment and weapons. There was no end to the conversations and questions. Newspapers placed extensive reports and talked about the structure of the ships. This was an exceptionally successful step by the authorities, which contributed to an unprecedented rise in the popularity of the people's ships and the entire fleet.
The ship served in the detachment of mine cruisers, which in 1906-1908 was commanded by N.O. Essen.
WORLD FIRST
Having started the war as part of the 1st Mine Division, the ship was noted for its participation in several landmark operations in the Baltic, which was the reason for the filmmakers of Channel One to mention it in the naval battle scene with the participation of Kolchak (at that time he served in the headquarters of Essen) in the film of the same name.
Shot from the film "Kolchak"
Traditionally, artists see how they see, and in the film, the ship posed as Strelka is copied from a completely different type of destroyer from the times of Port Arthur, but in reality the destroyer could meet the cruiser SMS Friedrich Carl, perhaps in the form of " Flying Dutchman", since the aforementioned German cruiser had been resting at the bottom since November 1914, blown up by mines laid by the destroyers of our Mine Division near Memel.
In total, from October 1914 to February 1915, 490 mines were set up, on which, in addition to the indicated Friedrich Karl, two transports and two enemy minesweepers were blown up and went to the bottom; several other ships, including hydro-air transport, were seriously damaged.
Special semi-division before the First World War off the coast of England. From right to left: General Kondratenko, Siberian Strelok, Okhotnik.
The moment the destroyers of the Baltic Fleet entered the war looked something like this:
“The minelayers and destroyers ready for laying mines already on July 14/27, 1914, took their starting positions in various sections of the skerries. Exactly at midnight from July 16 to July 17, 1914, a conditional radiogram repeated 9 times was given from the radio room of the cruiser: “Naval forces and ports. SMOKE, SMOKE, SMOKE. Stay where you are. Com. Mor. Force. Balt. Sea". This meant: "to begin mobilization. Open operational packages."
In the afternoon, the "Hunter", under the flag of the fleet commander, accompanied by the "Border Guard", arrived at the Porkalla-Udd roadstead, where a detachment of minelayers was concentrated with a load of mines, guarded by the 4th division. The admiral on each minelayer addressed the teams with a speech about the allied duty of Russia, which should support Serbia, and about the exclusivity of the task facing the minelayers. At 4 o'clock in the morning on June 18, a telegram was received from the commander-in-chief, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich: the barrier was allowed to be put up. At 11 o'clock. 20 minutes. the operation was completed. The path of the enemy to the capital of the empire was blocked by a powerful minefield of 2119 (according to other sources, 2489) mines. R.M. Melnikov "Volunteer class destroyers"
The Siberian Strelok, along with the rest of the destroyers of its division, took part in the battles for Moonsund. During the "Tserel wake-up" the destroyer received two hits from a 150-mm projectile. But fate saved the ship for the first time - with such serious hits, he managed to do without even losing people.
In the summer of 1916, the Russian fleet was preparing for a large landing operation in Courland, which the tsar eventually canceled. The destroyer practiced shooting along the coast on one of the islands in Moonsund.
Volunteers on the march
During the Ice crossing in 1918 of the Baltic Fleet from Helsingfors, the ship had to be rescued for the second time - it was covered with ice, it received damage to the hull and propeller shaft.
LADOGA
Having got into storage after the revolution, former destroyer in 1925 it underwent a major overhaul and was handed over to the Ostekhbyuro, becoming an experimental ship "Konstruktor" for testing new types of naval weapons. Several sources indicate the participation of the "Designer" in the Winter War of 1939-40.
With the outbreak of the Second World War in the coastal waters of Leningrad in August 1941, the former destroyer was reclassified into a patrol ship. And already on September 9, 1941, the "Designer", together with the gunboat "Vira" and the "sea hunter" MO-206, conducted a massive fire on the Finns in the battle for the island of Rahmansaari.
"Needs", i.e. there were only two large combat surface ships in the Ladoga flotilla not converted from civilian ships (both "watchmen": "Designer" and the Soviet-built TFR "Purga"). In this capacity, the ship served on Ladoga until the very end of hostilities, doing, like all ships of the flotilla, literally everything: from towing and guarding barges for Leningrad, to shelling the coast, patrol and landing operations. Thick black coal smoke calling card of the old ship, while on the other ships of the flotilla, for the very appearance of this unmasking sign, party meetings were convened with organizational conclusions.
TFR "Designer" as part of the Ladoga flotilla, 1943.
HARDLY WOUNDED BUT NOT DEFEATED
November 4, 1941 "Designer", standing on the roads near the Osinovetsky lighthouse, received evacuees from Leningrad - workers and engineering workers with their families. The "Designer" returned from a combat mission the day before - he fired at fortified positions near the village of Maryino, near Shlisselburg. At the exit from the harbor, the "Designer" received a direct hit by a 250-kg bomb from a German bomber. The explosion crushed the bow, all the crew members and civilians in it were killed. With heroic efforts, the crew managed to reinforce the bulkhead of the 2nd engine room and stop the flow of water. The ship was kept afloat and the refugees and most of the crew were evacuated. An attempt was made to tow it stern forward to Morya Bay, but already on November 25, the heavily damaged patrol boat was thrown ashore during the storm, and the bow was completely torn off. It would seem that the ship was lost, but the surviving crew members did not want to accept this.
“The crippled ship remained for the winter in the roadstead of Morier Bay. When the lake was covered with ice, at the insistence of the sailors remaining on the ship, preparatory work began in order to restore the ship’s combat capability, at least as a floating battery. The damaged bow was cut off under water, which was a pile of mutilated metal. Life continued on the ship.Combat crews were on duty at the gun, which opened fire on German aircraft that flew into the base.One boiler was kept under steam, fuel for it was firewood obtained from a forest growing on the shore.
The sailors persistently asked the flotilla command to allow them to restore the bow of the ship on their own and return it to the operational line. Shipbuilders believed that in the conditions of a coast not equipped with ship-lifting facilities, in the absence of the elementary necessary factory equipment, it was absolutely impossible to do this. And yet, at the end of December, the proposal of the sailors was approved.
At first, they thought to make the bow of a wooden one, like a barge. But this option was not to the liking of the sailors. In the end, at the suggestion of the commander of the electromechanical warhead, senior lieutenant P.A. replacement of the bow, in the spring of 1943 it was delivered to Osinovets), attaching it to the hull according to a temporary scheme.
Restored TFR "Designer" with a shortened tank.
After the tests, the patrol ship "Konstruktor" with a bolted bow under the command of Senior Lieutenant M.F. Panteleev made the transition to the main base of the Novaya Ladoga flotilla, during which he fired from the main caliber guns to test the ship's hull in its new capacity. At the Novaya Ladoga dock, the bolts of the temporary fastening of the bow were replaced with rivets with electric welding, after which the patrol ship "Konstruktor" entered service and, from the autumn of 1942, again took part in all combat affairs of the flotilla. Rusakov Z. G. Ladoga was our sea: Sailors of the Ladoga military flotilla in the battle for Leningrad. - L .: Lenizdat, 1989.
"Designer" in the late 1950s.
January 3, 1945 "Designer" was again disarmed and transferred to the experienced ships. On July 10, 1956, it was reclassified as the OT-29 boom heater, and on June 1, 1957, it was excluded from the lists of the Navy and scrapped. This is how the faithful campaigner ended his journey, who became a witness and an active participant in the events of the turbulent 20th century, who defended our city more than once.
In the fall of 2012, the anchor of the "Designer" was lifted from the bottom of Ladoga and transferred to the museum.
Reviewed the other day "Admiral". For the sake of interest, I began to take on a pencil the most conspicuous glitches. It turned out the following:
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1916 Baltic. In the German tervods, the destroyer "Siberian shooter" lays mines ...
Let's start with the fact that there was such a destroyer in the Baltic Sea in 1916. He just looked completely different. Much larger - almost twice as much as the ship that we see in the "Admiral". Plus, the "Shooter" was a two-pipe. So, under the name "Siberian Shooter", filmmakers present us with a 3D image of a completely different ship - a four-pipe destroyer of the "Buyny" type, terribly outdated by the beginning of the First World War, built late XIX- early 20th century Such fought in the Russian-Japanese, and in 1916 they were already considered godless junk, at best living out their lives as messenger ships. Why did the strange substitution of “Strelok” by “Wild” happen? I see only one reason. It seems that initially "Admiral" was supposed to capture the Port Arthur period of Kolchak's life. During the Russian-Japanese war, Alexander Vasilyevich became famous by commanding a very similar to the "Wild" ship - the destroyer "Angry". So "Rampant" fits perfectly into the entourage of the Port Arthur epic. But... But then, presumably, this episode was cut from the script, but the expensive rendering of the ship remained. Well, you shouldn't have thrown it away, right? So, in 1916, a four-pipe ghost from the past swam to the shores of Germany. The situation is all the more incidental because on the official website of the film, a photograph of the original "Arrow" appears quite well! For dessert, another small but funny moment. The cinematic "Buyny" - "Siberian shooter" smokes only two of its four pipes. This means that only half of the boilers are working on the ship. This means that if the enemy suddenly jumps out of the thick fog, then the destroyer, overloaded with sea mines, and therefore devilishly vulnerable (one fragment dies into a mine and the ship is sprayed into atoms), the destroyer will not even be able to try to hide. Yes, for such a ship commander, you can immediately take to court! ..
Well, with "Strelok" sorted out. Let's take a look at what he does. “Shooter”, sort of like with two more destroyers (“Border Guard” and “Hunter”, in real life, together with the “Siberian Shooter”, which were part of the semi-division of special-purpose destroyers, really intended for active mine productions) lays mines. Most likely in the spring. Very natural, I must say, puts. But it's not historical at all. In the spring of 1916, the ships of the Baltic Fleet did not lay mines off foreign shores. They put only their own.
A small anecdote to "revive" this text. Filming of the mine setting was carried out in the waters of the Sevastopol harbor. Once, one plastic model of a mine was carried by waves to the main fairway, where a Ukrainian military boat accidentally came across a horned ball. They say that after that, Kyiv immediately declared all adjacent waters closed "due to mine danger" ... But let's get back to the film.
Who is it in the frame so bravo peering through binoculars into the fog from the bridge of the "Siberian shooter"? According to the film, this is Captain 1st Rank Sergei Nikolaevich Timirev. In real life, Timirev was the flag-captain for the administrative part at the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet. Roughly speaking - the chief naval secretary. It is not clear to me personally how this staff officer could have been brought to mine laying off the enemy coast. In terms of casuistry, this is tantamount to sending a staff clerk behind enemy lines for "language" ... But our "clerk behind enemy lines" had seen enough through binoculars and with the words "I am with the division commander" went down the ladders. And who does he meet there? Kolchak, ha-ha-ha! Why "ha ha ha"? Because in reality, at the moment described, the captain of the first rank Kolchak was a much more powerful bump than some kind of "division commander" (by the way, why the division, when should it be - a half-division?). A.V. Kolchak was the head of the mine division (20 ships), as well as the commander Maritime forces Gulf of Riga (the same number of ships, including a battleship and submarines). And Kolchak was sitting not on a tiny destroyer in the middle of nowhere, but in his headquarters in Reval (modern Tallinn). He went to sea only for a very important reason. As it was, for example, on May 31, 1916, when the Russians went to the island of Gotland to catch a German convoy ... Kolchak on the Strelka off the German coast is not even a clerk in search of a "language". This is a whole general rummaging through the bushes behind enemy lines! However, the further - the more surprising.
On the "Siberian shooter" a German armored cruiser Friedrich Carl.
Oops. This is another ghost from the past. In reality, "Friedrich Karl" did not live up to 1916, but died on Russian mines back in 1914. Is it necessary to say that he drowned not at all as apocalyptic as it is shown in the film? In fact, the Friedrich Karl, which twice ran into Russian mines, sank for a long time and tastefully. Already drowned for more than 5 hours! During this time, the Germans managed to save his entire team with the exception of 7 people ...
But this is not the end of the tale. The cinematic "Friedrich" opens fire on the Russians from a distance of 500 meters. For a naval battle of that time, this was point-blank shooting. And what about the German? Rubs, rubs, rubs. And when it hits, something similar to an old gasoline canister blows over the Strelok and, shrouded in smoke already from four pipes (How? - no less), the Russian destroyer calmly runs further along the waves. In reality, a couple of hit 210-mm German shells would be enough to turn the target into a sinking colander. And what does our "Shooter" shoot back in 1916? 45-mm semi-automatic guns of the times of the Great Patriotic War. Milo, yes.
“Why did you slow down?
- Machine, why slowed down?
“Your Excellency, the projectile ... The pipeline is broken in the engine room!”
Scary? Yes. Terribly funny. The fact is that the "Siberian shooter", like all of his sisterships, went on coal. About 200 tons of coal were sent to the furnaces with the help of the simplest Russian fuel transfer mechanism - such and such a mother and shovels of stokers. What's with the pipeline?
Kolchak's subsequent sniper shot from a 45-mm fart, Russian naval walking on mines, as well as a prayer service under shells, I leave without comment.
The big bang of Friedrich Karl is amazingly accurate. Yes Yes. Amazing. That is how on March 31, 1904, the Russian battleship Petropavlovsk was killed by Japanese mines. But not "Friedrich Karl"! ..
Thus, there was nothing like the cinematic feat of Kolchak and the "Siberian shooter" in reality, and could not be. It is completely incomprehensible why it was necessary to invent all this nonsense instead of using the canvas of genuine events. What? Yes, the same aforementioned Russian hunt for a German convoy near Gotland. Just imagine: the night through which the Novik, the Pobeditel and the Thunder, under the command of Kolchak, rush through three fire-spewing ghosts. Projectile tracers. The German “Hermann” riddled by them, from which a team is pouring into the cold black water ... And on the back are the words of Alexander Vasilyevich: “Now I live only with one war. I adore her!" Well, isn't it exciting? And you don't have to think of anything...
Film demiurges have a very strange concept about the marine form of the Russian Imperial Navy the times of the First World War, as well as the subordination adopted in the fleet and the procedure for assigning new ranks;
- Helsingfors (modern Helsinki). The ball, presumably, was somewhere after April 10, 1916, when Kolchak was awarded the rank of rear admiral (already one eagle on shoulder straps). Forfeit. The first meeting of Kolchak and Timireva ... Helsingfors was. Ball was. There was a rear admiral. There was a game of fanta. But Kolchak did not kiss Timireva for the first time at the ball. Firstly, such a public affront (and even with her husband) automatically meant a duel and unconditionally ruined the wife's reputation. Secondly, according to the memoirs of Timireva herself, she first saw Kolchak at the beginning of 1915;
- July 1916 Gulf of Riga. The cruiser Slava, returning from a mine laying, comes to the aid of units of the 12th Russian army, which suddenly came under attack by German troops ... Firstly, the cruiser Slava was in reality classified as a battleship. Calling a battleship a cruiser is like calling a tank an armored personnel carrier. To put it mildly - incorrect. Secondly, in reality, “Glory” did not accidentally appear at the right time in the right place. According to Kolchak's proposal approved ahead of time, from 07/02/1916 to 07/16/1916, Slava and a dozen more warships systematically supported the ADVANCED units of the Russian 12th Army with fire. In other words, it was not the Germans who climbed on the Russians, but the Russians attacked the Germans. Thirdly, the ships fired not standing on a barrel (like "Glory" in the film), but on the move. Otherwise, deprived of maneuver, they became an ideal target for coastal artillery! Put Rear Admiral Kolchak "Glory" on the barrel in view of enemy batteries - he would immediately be considered insane. By the way, the shooting was corrected not by telephone, but by radio. Thirdly, “Rear Admiral Kolchak is the commander of the Slava cruiser ... I won’t even comment. I have already mentioned above that at that time under the command of Alexander Vasilyevich there were four dozen ships. Fourthly, the battleship Slava is rendered in 3D by the team of supervisor Sergei Savenkov to perfection. Except for six "buts". This six - six 152-mm artillery mounts, openly standing on the sides of the ship. In real life, they were not. However, the appearance of 152-mm cannons closed only by shields on the cinematic "Glory" is quite understandable. After all, all outdoor shooting was carried out on the deck of the famous cruiser Aurora. And this cruiser is armed with just open 152-mm guns. Once in the deck scenes, the audience sees the gunners fussing around the six-inch shields, I had to add these gun mounts to general view"Glory";
- Soldiers of the 12th Army have rifles and machine guns from the times of the Great Patriotic War;
- Helsingfors. Rain. Kolchak announces to Timireva that he can no longer meet with her ... In reality, around this time, but only in the Revel Katrinental Park, the admiral and Timireva first opened up to each other in their feelings and agreed to exchange secret letters;
- The end of June 1916. Kolchak in Mogilev meets with Nicholas II ... Firstly, on June 28, 1916, Kolchak was suddenly promoted to vice admiral for himself and appointed commander of the Black Sea Fleet. And this is just two and a half months after being awarded the rear admiral rank! In the cinema, Kolchak at the royal headquarters is collected and calm. In reality, he was simply shocked by his own luck! Secondly, Kolchak is accompanied to the sovereign by some kind of retinue caprice, and should be Admiral Nilov, the flag-captain of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Thirdly, Nicholas II, during a conversation with Kolchak, sits on a bench, while in real life the sovereign kindly grabbed the taken aback vice admiral by the arm and dragged Kolchak into the garden. Nikolai generally had a habit of listening to reports while standing or walking. But not sitting. Fourthly, immediately after saluting, the cinematic Kolchak manages to shake hands with the emperor without removing the glove from his hand - a gross violation of etiquette;
- The train with Kolchak arrives in Sevastopol, while the admiral sees the bay through the left windows along the train. And should - to the right! There are at least three Slava-class battleships in the bay. In reality, there was none. There is another and, alas, not the last savings on 3D models;
- Lined up in front to meet the new commander of the Black Sea Fleet, the crew of the ship. The team stands on the easily recognizable deck ... of the Aurora cruiser;
- On the admiral's table close-up is a phototype (photo) of Timireva in the Russian national costume. Hooray! This is not a bug. Anna Vasilievna really made such a gift to her boyfriend at one of the social events;
- Against the background of reading the texts of Timireva's letters to Kolchak, the activities of the Vice Admiral at the head of the Black Sea Fleet are shown. Kolchak abstrusely reflects on mine productions near the Bosphorus, makes a sample of food, checks the cleanliness of the hands of the lower ranks. There is nothing to say - a naval commander ... But in real life, Kolchak was one. And how it was. In real life, already on the second day of his presence in Sevastopol, Kolchak received the news that the German cruiser Breslau had been seen in the Black Sea. Immediately, the flag of the fleet was lowered on the headquarters ship "George the Victorious" and flew up on the mast of the dreadnought "Empress Maria". It was dashing, to personally take the 168-meter colossus "Maria" out of Sevastopol bay and throw her in pursuit of Breslau! The Germans, as they noticed a Russian monster on the horizon, immediately rushed to their heels. And so the long chase began. On the topmasts of the "Empress" the wind tore the huge St. Andrew's flags - the signal "I accept the battle!" Under the nose of the ship, a foam cap flew up about ten meters. "Maria" bristled with twelve long trunks of 305-mm guns. Kolchak gave the order: "Full speed!" The howl of turbines, and then the sea splashed in a panic from the side of the Russian ship, exposing the side almost to the very keel. It was shock wave salvo of the main caliber. "Maria" from the maximum distance opened fire on the Germans. Around the unfortunate "Breslau" there were pillars of explosions as high as a ten-story building! .. I wish I could show this - but no. The naval commander on the screen is being clever in the headquarters salon, savoring borscht and fighting slovenly sailors ... It’s somehow petty, don’t you think?
- A pair of German Fokkers are flying over the Russian battleship. Firstly, the battleship is our already painfully familiar 3D model of the Baltic Slava, although it lost its 152-mm open guns, but for some reason grew a third chimney. Secondly, where did German airplanes come from over the Black Sea? From the moon?!..
All of the above is just the first 38 minutes of the 123-minute tape. At the 38th minute, I broke down and, having successfully coped with the relapse of my own boredom, I began to just watch the film.
patrol ship "designer"
S. D. Klimovsky (TsVMM)
The patrol ship "Konstruktor" is one of the honored veterans of the Russian Navy, in which it served for more than 50 years. Built in Helsingfors with voluntary donations from the people in 1906 as mine cruiser(since 1907 - a destroyer) under the name "Siberian Shooter", he took an active part in the hostilities in the Baltic during the First World War. In 1925, the destroyer was transferred to the Ostekhbyuro of the Supreme Economic Council and transferred to the class of experimental ships. In 1926, in accordance with the new appointment, it was renamed the "Designer". Since 1939, the ship has been at the disposal of the Scientific and Testing Mine and Torpedo Institute of the Navy, providing testing of many promising types of naval weapons.
By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, Admiral N. G. Kuznetsov, on June 25, 1941, the Ladoga Military Flotilla (LVF) was formed from the training detachment of naval educational institutions. It was given combat missions: to provide transportation in the lake basin, and in the event of an enemy reaching the shores of Lake Ladoga, to provide fire assistance to the flank of the army. Among the ten ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, the Constructor was also transferred to the LVF. The armament of the experimental vessel was completed on August 2. Three 100-mm, two 45-mm guns, a quadruple 7.62-mm M-4 machine gun were installed on it and a single-tube 53-cm torpedo tube was left. After that, the “Constructor” was transferred to the class patrol ships(TFR). It was commanded by the well-known in the Baltic captain of the 2nd rank G. A. Zeeland.
August 10 "Designer" arrived at Ladoga, actively involved in fighting LVF. He participated in the defense of Valaam, and after an unsuccessful attempt by the LVF ships to evacuate the garrison of Fr. Rah-masaari and its capture by the Finns, on September 11, as part of a group of ships, fired at the island.
September 17 "Designer" participated in the evacuation of the garrison of the mobile base from about. Valaam, and on the 23rd with a similar purpose went to Fr. Konevets.
By order of the Commander of the KBF, Vice Admiral V.F. Tributs, a detachment of ships was formed for artillery support of the right flank of the 54th Army, consisting of the Konstruktor TFR, the Lakhta gunboat and the boat MO No. 205. From October 20 to 24 ships twice went to firing positions to shell command posts
Comrade and combat disposition of the enemy on the southern coast of Ladoga.
On October 7, when the Konstruktor was taking coal from a barge on the Novaya Ladoga roadstead, at 12:30 a German aircraft dropped four fragmentation-thermite bombs from a height of 800 m, which fell on the port side, the closest - one and a half meters from the Konstruktor . Shrapnel killed six (including the commander of the ship G. A. Zeeland) and wounded 16 people. The command was taken by assistant commander M.F. Panteleev, himself seriously wounded during the raid.
The ship received six surface holes in the waterline area (the largest was 15 cm long and 8 cm wide) and about sixty small ones, up to 3 cm in diameter. In the engine and boiler rooms, fragments damaged electrical equipment and broke a number of pipelines. The fire that started was extinguished after 20 minutes. The personnel sealed the holes with bunks and special emergency shields with soft padding prepared in advance. On the same day, two 12.7mm DShK machine guns were installed on the guard to strengthen the air defense systems.
On November 4, 1941, the Stalinets rescue ship delivered passengers to the Konstruktor - evacuated workers and engineering and technical workers of the Leningrad plant named after K. E. Voroshilov, along with their families. By evening, 256 people were on board the ship.
At about 19:00, the Konstruktor weighed anchor and, having reached a speed of 17 knots, headed for Novaya Ladoga.
Patrol ship "Designer" before and after damage. 1941 (from the drawings of an eyewitness - foreman of the 2nd article Safronov]
HISTORY OF SHIPBUILDING VI FLEET OF SHIPBUILDING G32005
It was followed by TFR "Purga". Sparks flying out of the pipes and thick smoke - a consequence of the coal heating of the boilers - unmasked the ship. After 15 minutes, the "Designer" was unexpectedly attacked from a height of 150-200 m by a single bomber. The two bombs he dropped fell 30 meters astern. After 10 minutes, another plane surfaced from behind the clouds and dropped two 250-kg bombs that hit the bow, pierced the forecastle flooring, upper and lower decks and exploded - one in the bow art cellar, the other in cockpit No. 2. the structures collapsed, the decks received a deflection, and the entire bow end “hung” in the water, holding on to two belts of the outer skin at the keel. "Designer" with a trim on the nose began to sink into the water.
The first boiler room sank along with the bow. In the adjacent compartment of the second boiler room, the brickwork of the boiler was destroyed by a bomb explosion.
Steam poured out of broken hot water pipes. The bulkhead separating the second boiler room from the first, arched and barely held back the pressure. Through the open seams, broken rivets and clinkets of coal bunkers, water quickly flooded the compartment. Through the mounting holes of the torn-out bolts of the fender, water penetrated into the coal pits of the third boiler room. The position of the ship was critical...
The personnel of the electromechanical warhead, under the leadership of a mechanical engineer, military technician of the 1st rank, P. A. Mozheiko, immediately activated the emergency mechanisms and turned on the lighting. Boiler engineer M. A. Terekhov in a half-flooded compartment launched sump pumps. The emergency party under the leadership of the foreman of the group of machinists Z. A. Novikov, as part of the foreman of the group of boiler operators G. I. Strukov, M. A. Terekhov, the machinist A. M. Mokhov and others
The position of the TFR "Designer" at the time of the greatest trim
hardworking specialists began to seal the holes and reinforce the bulkheads with stops. After 30-40 minutes, the flow of water into the ship was stopped, but its position remained threatening - the trim on the bow reached 4.5 m. The roll to the port side was reduced to 1 °. Fortunately, two boilers, both machines and shaft lines were not damaged, and the ship, as Mozheiko reported to the ship's commander, captain of the 3rd rank G. A. Cupidonov, could back up and even reach the base on its own.
The gunboat Bureya, which approached the Konstruktor, removed 106 surviving passengers from it. The division commander, captain of the 3rd rank, K. M. Balakirev, who arrived with the cannon, decided to remove the main part of the crew from the affected ship, leaving only 15 people on board to fight for damage, led by a ship mechanical engineer. The commander, military commissar political instructor V.P. Antokhin and the ship's doctor S.P. Danilichev, who also remained on the "Constructor", did not interfere in the actions of the emergency team.
Thanks to the courage and skillful actions of the personnel of the electromechanical warhead and the boatswain's crew, the ship was saved. However, during the attack by enemy aircraft, 32 sailors were killed and six were injured.
^Access ^E 3 HISTORY OF SHIPBUILDING AND FLEET
Work on the restoration of the bow end of the "Constructor" and the scheme for attaching the bow. July 1942
On the night of November 5, stern forward, with a large trim on the bow and propeller blades sticking out of the water, moonlighting as machines, the Constructor, towed by the Stalinets rescue ship and the Oryol steamer, entered the deserted Morier Bay. After 10 days, they began to remove weapons from the submerged bow, which was firmly aground. Impacts on the ground during a storm on November 25 almost completely torn off the bow, and the Constructor, along with ice, was carried to the shore to a depth of four meters, where it remained all winter.
After the freezing of the lake, divers set to work, separating along the 113th sp. underwater autogenous and electrical cutting of the mangled bow from the rest of the hull. 31 sailors continued to serve on the crippled patrol boat. Combat crews were on duty at the anti-aircraft gun and opened fire on enemy aircraft trying to attack the Morier base. To heat the ship, one boiler was constantly kept under steam. Every day, 5-6 cubic meters of firewood were required, which were delivered on sledges for 6-7 km.
By decision of the Military Council of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet of December 27, 1941, it was ordered to restore the ship as soon as possible after docking, and place an order for the manufacture of the bow at the Leningrad factories. However, since the complete restoration of the ship in besieged Leningrad it turned out to be impossible, they accepted the crew's proposal to recreate the "Designer" as a floating battery.
At the mouth of the Morya River, an impromptu slipway was set up, a plaza was laid out on the floor of the Morya Church. The initially conceived wooden bow - to ensure the movement of the floating battery on its own - was soon abandoned. At the suggestion of the commander of the electromechanical warhead of the ship, P. A. Mozheiko, sailors and ship repairmen began to manufacture a bow shortened to 5 m (due to a lack of sheet steel). Some structures above the waterline had to be made of wood.
According to the sketches developed by P. A. Mozheiko and the representative of the technical department of the flotilla, captain of the 3rd rank I. N. Roitman, who supervised the work as a whole, at the Izhora plant, wooden templates cut out the details of the set and sheets of the outer skin and decking.
In April 1942, after diving, the ship was put on an even keel, and by May 20 all preparatory work was completed. Six days earlier, on the coastal slipway, under the guidance of the engineer of the Izhora plant, V. E. Gaevsky, they began to assemble the bow. On May 17, a strong storm broke out on Ladoga. The movement of the ice "Designer" was torn off the anchors, but he managed to be taken to a safe place.
The assembled bow end, previously tested on the shore for water resistance by pouring water, was launched on May 10 and delivered to the ship. After drilling holes in the flanges of the connected parts, the divers fastened them with 310 bolts. Work labor
