10 states with the largest area. great empires

10

  • Square: 2,381,740 km2
  • Population: 38 087 812
  • Form of government: parliamentary republic
  • The president: Abdel Aziz Bouteflika
  • Capital:

And lies in the north of Africa and has access to the Mediterranean Sea. This country was a French colony for a long time and gained independence only in 1962. Algeria borders Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Libya and Tunisia. The population of Algeria is approximately 38 million people.

9


  • Square: 2,724,902 km2
  • Population: 18 014 200
  • Form of government: presidential republic
  • The president: Nursultan Nazarbaev
  • Capital: Astana

Kazakhstan is located in the center of Asia and occupies a vast territory from the Caspian Sea in the west and almost to Mongolia in the east. Kazakhstan - former soviet republic, in many ways very similar to Russia, both in political and economic ways of life.

8


  • Square: 2,780,400 km2
  • Population: 43 417 000
  • Form of government:
  • The president: Mauricio Macri
  • Capital: Buenos Aires

And gentina is in the southern part South America and is the second largest state on the continent after Brazil. Argentina is a Spanish-speaking country that is famous for its tango and is an excellent football player. In the post-war period, Argentina earned itself a notorious sanctuary for all sorts of war criminals.

7


  • Square: 3,287,590 km2
  • Population: 1 309 823 000
  • Form of government: federal Republic
  • The president: Pranab Kumar Mukherjee
  • Capital: New Delhi

India is located in southern Asia and occupies the entire vast Hindustan Peninsula, as well as adjacent territories, up to the Himalayas and Kashmir. India is one of the most unusual and culturally attractive countries, as well as one of the most populated in the world (second place after China).

6


  • Square: 7,686,850 km2
  • Population: 24 067 700
  • Form of government: a constitutional monarchy
  • The president: Malcolm Turnbull
  • Capital: Canberra

And Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere and is one of the six continents on our beautiful planet, as well as an independent English-speaking state, one of the most developed and wealthy in the world. Australia is washed by the waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans.

5


  • Square: 8,514,877 km2
  • Population: 205 737 996
  • Form of government: federal presidential republic
  • The president: Michel Temer
  • Capital: Brasilia

Brazil is located in South America and is the largest state of this continent, both in terms of area and population. official language Brazil is Portuguese.

4


  • Square: 9,519,431 km2
  • Population: 325 309 164
  • Form of government: federal presidential republic
  • The president: Donald Trump
  • Capital: Washington

The United States of America was formed in 1776 by the amalgamation of thirteen British colonies that declared their independence. The United States is a highly developed country, having the first economy in the world in terms of nominal GDP and the second in terms of GDP (PPP). Although the country's population is only 4.3% of the world's, Americans own about 40% of the world's total wealth.

3


  • Square: 9,598,962 km2
  • Population: 1 380 083 000
  • Form of government: one-party parliamentary republic
  • The president: Xi Jinping
  • Capital: Beijing

The People's Republic of China is a state in East Asia. The largest country in the world by population. It ranks third in the world in terms of territory, behind Russia and Canada. Since the proclamation of the PRC in 1949, the Communist Party of China has been the ruling party.

2


  • Square: 9,984,670 km2
  • Population: 36 048 521
  • Form of government: parliamentary monarchy
  • The president: Justin Trudeau
  • Capital: Ottawa

Canada is a state in North America, it ranks second in the world in terms of area. It is washed by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans, borders the United States in the south and northwest, also has maritime boundaries with Denmark (Greenland) in the northeast and with France (Saint Pierre and Miquelon) in the east. The Canada-US border is the longest common border in the world.

1


  • Square: 17,125,191 km2
  • Population: 146 804 372
  • Form of government: presidential-parliamentary republic
  • The president: Vladimir Putin
  • Capital: Moscow

The Russian Federation is a state in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It ranks first in the world in terms of territory, sixth in terms of GDP PPP and ninth in terms of population. Russia borders on eighteen states (the largest number in the world), including two partially recognized and two unrecognized. Russia has the largest reserve natural resources on the ground.

Ten states with the largest area in the world are listed. They are located in different parts of the world, and in economic terms they are too different.

10. Sudan. With an area of ​​2,505,815 sq. km. Sudan tenth most big country in the world and the largest in . It is located in the northeastern part of the continent, on the shores of the Red Sea. Most of Sudan is predominantly dry and barren desert.

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9. Kazakhstan. The former Soviet republic covers an area of ​​2,717,300 sq. km. in the western part of the continent. The country has access to the Caspian Sea. Most of Kazakhstan is occupied by steppes and deserts.

Despite this, in the bowels of the earth there are large deposits minerals that turn Kazakhstan into a country with a bright future.

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7. India. With an area of ​​3,287,263 sq. km. seventh largest country in the world. It completely occupies the Indian subcontinent in Asia. The country is surrounded by warm waters indian ocean, and in the north reaches the Himalayas.

Despite its large area, India is an overpopulated state as it is home to over 1 billion inhabitants. In what is now India, one of the richest and most exciting cultures on our planet flourished.

Carsten Frenzl

European Union. Despite the fact that it is not a state, it is a highly integrated community, which is united by economic and political principles. The European Union is one of the most influential organizations in the world.

If the EU were a state, it would be the 7th largest country in the world after Australia, and even economically superior to the US. The EU covers an area of ​​4,325,675 square kilometers, but it continues to expand.

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6. Australia. With an area of ​​7,682,300 sq. km. the sixth largest country in the world and at the same time one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. The average population density is about 2 people per square kilometer.

The reason is that the interior of the country is extremely sparsely populated. Australia is the only country that completely occupies the territory of one continent.

5. Brazil. With an area of ​​8,574,404 sq. km. largest country in the southern hemisphere and in Latin America. It occupies the middle of South America, and on its territory there are the most abundant river in the world and the most extensive equatorial forest on the planet.

The country has wide access to Atlantic Ocean. Due to its large area and wealth of resources, Brazil is now among the fastest growing and promising economies of the 21st century.

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2. Canada. With its area of ​​9,970,610 sq. km. second largest country in the world. Similar to the US, Canada also has access to three oceans. The country is the largest in the western hemisphere and is known worldwide for its beautiful scenery.

Some of the most extensive pine forests on the planet stretch here. Since Canada is a northern country with a harsh climate, most of the population lives in the southern border regions.

1. Russia. covers an area of ​​17,075,400 sq. km. It is the largest country in the world. Russia occupies vast territories in Asia, and stretches from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean.

In the north, the coast of the Arctic Ocean stretches for a thousand kilometers. On its vast territory, Russia has inexhaustible natural resources, which are the basis of the Russian economy.

Here are the most extensive coniferous forests on the planet. Huge areas of the Russian Federation are almost uninhabited due to harsh climatic conditions.

The history of mankind is a continuous struggle for territorial domination. Great empires then arose on political map world, then disappeared from it. Some of them were destined to leave an indelible mark.

Persian Empire (Achaemenid Empire, 550 - 330 BC)

Cyrus II is considered to be the founder of the Persian Empire. He began his conquests in 550 BC. e. from the subjugation of Media, after which Armenia, Parthia, Cappadocia and the Lydian kingdom were conquered. Did not become an obstacle to the expansion of the empire of Cyrus and Babylon, whose powerful walls fell in 539 BC. e.

Conquering neighboring territories, the Persians tried not to destroy the conquered cities, but, if possible, to preserve them. Cyrus restored the captured Jerusalem, as well as many Phoenician cities, by facilitating the return of the Jews from the Babylonian captivity.

The Persian Empire under Cyrus stretched its possessions from Central Asia to the Aegean Sea. Only Egypt remained unconquered. The country of the pharaohs submitted to the heir of Cyrus Cambyses II. However, the empire reached its heyday under Darius I, who switched from conquests to internal politics. In particular, the king divided the empire into 20 satrapies, which completely coincided with the territories of the occupied states.
In 330 B.C. e. the weakening Persian Empire fell under the onslaught of the troops of Alexander the Great.

Roman Empire (27 BC - 476)

Ancient Rome was the first state in which the ruler received the title of emperor. Starting with Octavian Augustus, the 500-year history of the Roman Empire had the most direct impact on European civilization, and also left a cultural mark in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East.
Uniqueness ancient rome in that it was the only state whose possessions included the entire Mediterranean coast.

During the heyday of the Roman Empire, its territories stretched from the British Isles to the Persian Gulf. According to historians, by the year 117 the population of the empire reached 88 million people, which was approximately 25% of the total number of inhabitants of the planet.

Architecture, construction, art, law, economics, military affairs, principles state structure Ancient Rome is what the foundation of the entire European civilization is based on. It was in Imperial Rome that Christianity assumed the status of the state religion and began to spread throughout the world.

Byzantine Empire (395 - 1453)

The Byzantine Empire has no equal in the length of its history. Originating at the end of antiquity, it existed until the end of the European Middle Ages. For more than a thousand years, Byzantium has been a kind of link between the civilizations of the East and West, influencing both the states of Europe and Asia Minor.

But if Western European and Middle Eastern countries inherited the richest material culture Byzantium, then Old Russian state turned out to be the successor of her spirituality. Constantinople fell, but the Orthodox world found its new capital in Moscow.

Located at the crossroads of trade routes, rich Byzantium was a coveted land for neighboring states. Having reached its maximum borders in the first centuries after the collapse of the Roman Empire, then it was forced to defend its possessions. In 1453, Byzantium could not resist a more powerful enemy - Ottoman Empire. With the capture of Constantinople, the road to Europe was opened for the Turks.

Arab Caliphate (632-1258)

As a result of Muslim conquests in the 7th-9th centuries, the theocratic Islamic state of the Arab Caliphate arose on the territory of the entire Middle East region, as well as certain regions of the Transcaucasus, Central Asia, North Africa and Spain. The period of the Caliphate went down in history under the name "Golden Age of Islam", as the time of the highest flowering of Islamic science and culture.
One of the caliphs of the Arab state, Umar I, purposefully secured the character of a militant church for the Caliphate, encouraging religious zeal in his subordinates and forbidding them to own land property in the conquered countries. Umar motivated this by the fact that "the interests of the landowner attract him more to peaceful activities than to war."

In 1036, the invasion of the Seljuk Turks turned out to be disastrous for the Caliphate, but the Mongols completed the defeat of the Islamic state.

Caliph An-Nasir, wishing to expand his possessions, turned to Genghis Khan for help, and without knowing it opened the way for the ruin of the Muslim East to the many thousands of Mongol hordes.

Mongol Empire (1206–1368)

The Mongol Empire is the largest in terms of territory public education in history.

In the period of its power - by the end of the XIII century, the empire stretched from the Sea of ​​Japan to the banks of the Danube. The total area of ​​possessions of the Mongols reached 38 million square meters. km.

Given the vast size of the empire, managing it from the capital, Karakorum, was almost impossible. It is no coincidence that after the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, the process of gradual division of the conquered territories into separate uluses began, the most significant of which was Golden Horde.

The economic policy of the Mongols in the occupied lands was primitive: its essence was reduced to the taxation of tribute to the conquered peoples. All collected went to support the needs of a huge army, according to some sources, reaching half a million people. The Mongolian cavalry was the most deadly weapon Genghisides, before which not many armies managed to resist.
The inter-dynastic strife ruined the empire - it was they who stopped the expansion of the Mongols to the West. This was soon followed by the loss of the conquered territories and the capture of the Karakorum by the troops of the Ming Dynasty.

Holy Roman Empire (962-1806)

The Holy Roman Empire is an interstate entity that existed in Europe from 962 to 1806. The core of the empire was Germany, which was joined by the Czech Republic, Italy, the Netherlands, and some regions of France during the period of the highest prosperity of the state.
For almost the entire period of the existence of the empire, its structure had the character of a theocratic feudal state, in which the emperors claimed supreme power in the Christian world. However, the struggle with the papacy and the desire to possess Italy significantly weakened the central power of the empire.
In the 17th century, Austria and Prussia advanced to leading positions in the Holy Roman Empire. But very soon, the antagonism of two influential members of the empire, which resulted in an aggressive policy, threatened the integrity of their common home. The end of the empire in 1806 was put by the growing France, led by Napoleon.

Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)

In 1299, Osman I created a Turkic state in the Middle East, which was destined to exist for more than 600 years and radically influence the fate of the countries of the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 was the date when the Ottoman Empire finally gained a foothold in Europe.

The period of the highest power of the Ottoman Empire falls on the 16th-17th centuries, but the state achieved the greatest conquests under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

The borders of the empire of Suleiman I stretched from Eritrea in the south to the Commonwealth in the north, from Algiers in the west to the Caspian Sea in the east.

The period from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century was marked by bloody military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Territorial disputes between the two states mainly unfolded around the Crimea and Transcaucasia. The first one put an end to them World War, as a result of which the Ottoman Empire, divided between the countries of the Entente, ceased to exist.

British Empire (1497–1949)

The British Empire is the largest colonial power both in terms of territory and population.

The empire reached its greatest extent by the 30s of the 20th century: the land area of ​​the United Kingdom, together with the colonies, totaled 34 million 650 thousand square meters. km., which was approximately 22% of the earth's land. Total number The population of the empire reached 480 million people - every fourth inhabitant of the Earth was a subject of the British crown.

Many factors contributed to the success of British colonial policy: strong army and fleet, developed industry, the art of diplomacy. The expansion of the empire had a significant impact on world geopolitics. First of all, this is the spread of British technology, trade, language, and forms of government around the world.
The decolonization of Britain took place after the end of World War II. The country, although it was among the victorious states, was on the verge of bankruptcy. It was only thanks to the American loan of 3.5 billion dollars that Great Britain was able to overcome the crisis, but at the same time it lost world domination and all its colonies.

Russian Empire (1721–1917)

The history of the Russian Empire dates back to October 22, 1721, after the adoption by Peter I of the title of Emperor of All Russia. From that time until 1905, the monarch who became the head of the state was endowed with absolute fullness of power.

In terms of area, the Russian Empire was second only to the Mongol and British empires - 21,799,825 square meters. km, and was the second (after the British) in terms of population - about 178 million people.

The constant expansion of the territory is a characteristic feature of the Russian Empire. But if the advance to the east was mostly peaceful, then in the west and south Russia had to prove its territorial claims through numerous wars - with Sweden, the Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire, Persia, the British Empire.

The growth of the Russian Empire has always been viewed with particular caution by the West. The appearance of the so-called "Testament of Peter the Great" - a document fabricated in 1812 by French political circles - contributed to the negative perception of Russia. “The Russian State must establish power over all of Europe,” is one of the key phrases of the Testament, which will haunt the minds of Europeans for a long time to come.

10

  • Square: 13 million km 2
  • Highest Bloom: 720 - 750

A feudal state that existed from 661 to 750. The ruling dynasty is the Umayyads. The capital was in Damascus. The head of state is the caliph. Spiritual and secular power was concentrated in his hands, which was inherited. The Umayyad Caliphate continued the aggressive policy of the Righteous Caliphate and conquered North Africa, part of the Iberian Peninsula, Central Asia, Sindh, Tabaristan and Jurjan.

9


  • Square: 13 million km 2
  • Highest Bloom: 557

One of the largest ancient states in the history of mankind in Asia, created by the tribes of the Turks, headed by rulers from the Ashina clan. During the period of greatest expansion (the end of the 6th century), it controlled the territories of China (Manchuria), Mongolia, Altai, East Turkestan, West Turkestan (Central Asia), Kazakhstan and the North Caucasus. In addition, Sasanian Iran, the Chinese states of Northern Zhou, Northern Qi were tributaries of the Kaganate since 576, and from the same year the Turkic Kaganate seized the North Caucasus and Crimea from Byzantium.

8


  • Square: 14 million km 2
  • Highest Bloom: 1310

Mongolian state, the main part of whose territory was China (1271-1368). Founded by the grandson of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Khan Kublai Khan, who completed the conquest of China in 1279. The dynasty fell as a result of the Red Turban Revolt of 1351-1368.

7


  • Square: 14.5 million km2
  • Highest Bloom: 1721

The official name of the Russian state in the period from 1547 to 1721. The predecessor of the Russian kingdom was Specific Russia, as well as the Moscow principality. In 1547, Prince Ivan IV (the Terrible) was crowned the first Russian tsar. He dissolved all the destinies and declared himself the only king. The Russian kingdom thus received centralized control and hope for stability in the country.

6


  • Square: 14.7 million km2
  • Highest Bloom: 1790

It was the last imperial dynasty of China. She ruled the country from 1644 to 1912 with a brief restoration in 1917 (the latter lasted only 11 days). The Qing era was preceded by the Ming dynasty and followed by the Republic of China. The multicultural Qing Empire existed for almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state. Qing China reached largest sizes in the 18th century, when he extended his power to 18 traditional provinces, as well as the territories of modern Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet.

5


  • Square: 20 million km 2
  • Highest Bloom: 1790

The totality of territories and colonies that were under the direct control of Spain in Europe, America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. The Spanish Empire, at the height of its power, was one of the largest empires in world history. Its creation is associated with the beginning of the era of the Great geographical discoveries, during which it became one of the first colonial empires. The Spanish Empire existed from the 15th century until the end of the 20th century.

4


  • Square: 22.4 million km2
  • Highest Bloom: 1945 - 1991

The state that existed from 1922 to 1991 on the territory of Eastern Europe, North, parts of Central and East Asia. The USSR occupied almost 1/6 of the inhabited land of the Earth; At the time of its collapse, it was the largest country in the world by area. It was formed on the territory that by 1917 was occupied by the Russian Empire without Finland, part of the Polish kingdom and some other territories.

3


  • Square: 23.7 million km2
  • Highest Bloom: 1866

It was the largest continental monarchy that ever existed. According to the general census of 1897, the population was 129 million people. During the February Revolution of 1917, the monarchy collapses. During civil war 1918-1921 there is a general collapse of statehood, on the territory of the former Russian Empire formed up to 80 short-lived states, by 1924 most of this territory is united in the USSR.

2


  • Square: 38 million km 2
  • Highest Bloom: 1265 - 1361

A state that emerged in the 13th century as a result of the conquests of Genghis Khan and his successors and included the largest contiguous territory in world history from the Danube to the Sea of ​​Japan and from Novgorod to South-East Asia. In its heyday it included vast territories of Central Asia, Southern Siberia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, China and Tibet. In the second half of the 13th century, the empire began to disintegrate into uluses, headed by Genghisides. The largest fragments of Great Mongolia were the Yuan Empire, the Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde), the state of the Khulaguids and the Chagatai ulus.

1


  • Square: 42.75 million km2
  • Highest Bloom: 1918

The largest ever existing state in the history of mankind with colonies on all inhabited continents. The total population of the empire was approximately 480 million people. The United Kingdom currently retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles. In 2002, they received the status of British Overseas Territories. Some of these areas are uninhabited. The rest are self-governing to varying degrees and depend on the UK for foreign affairs and defence.

07.08.2013

The total area of ​​planet Earth is 510 million km2, while the area of ​​all continents is only 149 million km2 (30% of the total area). About 50% of this territory belongs to only ten countries, which will be discussed in our rating - These are the top 10 largest countries in the world. By the way, in total there are 206 countries on the planet, of which 194 are independent states.

10. Algiers

Territory: 2,381,740 km2 Population: 37 million people Capital: Algeria

Opens ten largest countries in the world the only representative of the African continent, the Algerian People's Democratic Republic, or simply Algeria, is the northernmost and largest independent African state. Most of Algeria is in the Sahara Desert. The country's main source of income is the gas and oil industry. In terms of oil and gas reserves, the country occupies one of the leading positions in the world. Despite this, more than 17% of the population lives below the poverty line. Although the country is not in the top ten,. A familiar picture.

9. Kazakhstan

Territory: 2,724,900 km2 Population: 17 million people Capital: Astana

The post-Soviet country with a rich historical and cultural past - Kazakhstan is located in 9th place. Like Russia, Kazakhstan is a Eurasian state, most of which is located in Asia. Like Algeria, Kazakhstan can be classified as a gas and oil tycoon.

8. Argentina

Territory: 2,766,890 km2 Population: 41 million people Capital: Buenos Aires

One of the two Latin American countries in our ranking- Argentina. The birthplace of two past and present, Maradona and Messi, is named after the precious metal - silver, which later turned out to be not much there. Interesting fact- in the capital of Argentina, you can walk along the longest street in the world - on the street, the numbering of houses goes off scale for 20,000.

7. India

Territory: 3,287,590 km2 Population: 1 223 million people Capital: New Delhi

One of the two world leaders in terms of population, India, also has a huge area, more than 3 million, and the seventh largest country in the world. The country's economy is trying to keep up with the excellent indicators of population and area. Potentially, the Indian economy is one of the world's leading economies in the future. Homeland of Hinduism and Buddhism and, of course, tea.

6. Australia

Territory: 7,686,850 km2 Population: 23 million people Capital: Canberra

The only mainland country in the ranking is Australia, a mainland in which the opposite is true - hot and summer in winter, and cold and winter in summer. Despite the vast territories in the possessions of Australia, not all of them are available for life. On the territory of Australia and in its coastal waters there are many unique and very, and the population of the country, on the contrary, is not very numerous. Despite this, Australia's human development index is the second in the world, and the GDP is 12th. Interesting fact: search the search engine with the query "how do Australians see the world?" and you will be pleasantly surprised. Perhaps even something inside you will turn over.

5. Brazil

Territory: 8,511,965 km2 Population: 197 million people Capital: Brasilia

The second and last Latin American country on this list the biggest countries is the largest country in South America. The birthplace of carnivals in Rio de Janeiro and of course the most football country in the world. For any person interested in sports, Brazil in the first place is 5-time world champions in football and the birthplace of Pele, the king of football. The capital of Brazil - the city of Brasilia was built in just 3.5 years.

4. China

Territory: 9,640,821 km2 Population: 1 347 million people Capital: Beijing

Every sixth inhabitant of the planet is Chinese. Almost 1.5 billion people of the country received in the course of history the 4th largest territory of the state in the world (6% of the total land area on the planet). It is difficult to talk about China, because it is the first in almost everything. Take a look at the country of manufacture of 10 household appliances in your home and you are guaranteed to find something from China. There is no need to talk about the achievements of Chinese athletes. USA on Olympic Games Now there is someone to compete with.

3. USA

Territory: 9,826,675 km2 Population: 314 million people Capital: Washington

The United States of America, with , won in this ranking, the biggest countries an unusual bronze award. The most "democratic" country in the world, well, at least they say so - it has all the prerequisites for this: the first GDP indicator in the world, a huge territory in the center North America. Washed on both sides by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The population of the country, as well as the area, is the third largest among all countries. One thing is bad - tornadoes and cyclones with violent force and enviable regularity set the bashing of the inhabitants of the United States.

2. Canada

Territory: 9,976,139 km2 Population: 34 million people Capital: Ottawa

The northern neighbor of the United States, which bypassed the competitor in terms of occupied territory by only 3 France or Spain. That's just not the whole territory of Canada is also suitable for life, and the country's population compared to the occupied territory is ridiculous - only 34 million people, which is why the population density is one of the lowest in the world. Despite all this, Canada, with its ecology and nature, for many remains the "promised land" and the dream of a lifetime. Interesting fact: the northernmost settlement in the world is in Canada, and the length of the borders is a record. All this is due to the large number of people in the eastern part of the country.

1. Russia

Territory: 17,075,400 km2 Population: 143 million people Capital: Moscow

With a big margin from the pursuers and competitors - Russian Federation the biggest country in the world. A Eurasian state, most of which is located in Asia and in lands unsuitable for human life. The richest country in the world in terms of reserves of raw materials and fuel resources. It is also the longest country in the world - when people go to bed in the European part of the country, in the other part they can already lazily stretch and wake up. The most "neighboring" country - borders on 18 countries.

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