In a loud voice. First introduction to the poem

Dear fellow descendants! Rummaging in today's petrified city ...... of our days, studying the darkness, you may also ask about me. And, perhaps, your scientist will say, cutting through the swarm of questions with erudition, that there lived such a boiled singer and an ardent enemy of raw water. Professor, take off your bicycle glasses. I will tell about time and about myself. I, a sewer and a water carrier, mobilized and called up by the revolution, went to the front from the aristocratic gardening of poetry - a capricious woman. I planted a garden nicely, daughter, dacha, water and smooth surface - I planted the garden myself, I will water it myself. Who pours poetry from a watering can, who sprinkles, typing in his mouth - curly Mitreyki, wise Curly - who the hell will sort them out! There is no quarantine in the abyss - mandolin from under the walls: "Tara-tina, tar-atin, t-en-n ..." It's an unimportant honor that from such roses my sculptures towered in the squares where tuberculosis spits, where b.. with a bully and syphilis. And agitprop is stuck in my teeth, and I would scribble romances for you - it is more profitable and more charming. But I humbled myself, standing on the throat of my own song. Listen, comrade descendants, to the agitator, the bawler-leader. Having drowned out the streams of poetry, I will step through the lyrical volumes, as if I were alive speaking to the living. I will come to you in the communist world, far from being the song-spring pro-vityaz. My verse will reach through the ridges of centuries and through the heads of poets and governments. My verse will reach, but it will not reach like this, - not like an arrow in a cupid-lyre hunt, not like a worn penny reaches a numismatist, and not like the light of dead stars reaches. My verse with labor will break through the vastness of years and appear weighty, rudely, visibly, as in our days a water supply system, worked out by the slaves of Rome, has entered. In the mounds of books that have buried a verse, when you accidentally discover the pieces of iron of lines, you respectfully feel them, like an old, but formidable weapon. I'm not used to caressing my ear with a word; a girl's ear in curls of a hair from semi-obsceneness does not scatter touched, Having unfolded my army pages with a parade, I pass along the line front. Poems are worth Lead - hard, ready for death and immortal glory. The poems froze, pressing the mouth of aimed gaping titles to the mouth. The weapons of the most beloved kind, ready to rush into the boom, the cavalry of witticisms froze, raising their rhyming peaks. And all the armed troops over the teeth that have flown in victories for twenty years, I give you to the very last leaf, proletarian planets. The enemy of the working bulk of the class is an enemy of mine, notorious and long-standing. They told us to go under the red flag of the year of labor and the days of malnutrition. We discovered Marx every time we open the shutters in our own house, but even without reading we figured out in which way to go, in which camp to fight. We did not teach dialectics according to Hegel. With the rattling of battles, she burst into verse when, under bullets from us, the bourgeoisie ran, as we once ran from them. Let the glory in the funeral march follow the geniuses of the inconsolable widow - die, my verse, die like an ordinary one, as our nameless ones died during the assaults! I don't give a damn about bronzes, I don't give a damn about marble slime. Let us consider ourselves glory - after all, we are our own people - let socialism built in battles be a common monument to us. Descendants, dictionaries, check the floats: remnants will float out of Leta such words like "prostitution", "tuberculosis", "blockade". For you, who are healthy and dexterous, the poet licked consumptive spitting with the rough tongue of a poster. With the tail of years, I become like fossil-tailed monsters. Comrade life, let's stomp faster, stomp the rest of the five-year days. They didn’t even save a ruble for me, cabinetmakers didn’t send furniture to my house. And besides a freshly washed shirt, I’ll tell you honestly, I don’t need anything. Appearing in Tse Ka Ka of the coming bright years, over a gang of poetic grabbers and burned out, I will raise, like a Bolshevik party card, all one hundred volumes of my party books.

Note

It is known that "Out loud" was an introduction to the poem about the five-year plan. Behind this work, which became Mayakovsky's poetic testament and conceived as "The first entry into the poem about the five-year plan", the genre definition of the poem was later fixed. Mayakovsky himself called it a poem, speaking at the Komsomol House of Krasnaya Presnya on March 25, 1930.

Written during December 1929 - January 1930. The specific reason for writing was the reporting exhibition "20 years of Mayakovsky's work", which was supposed to open in December 1929.

Mayakovsky considered the beginning of his creative activity to be the lost notebook of poems written in the solitary confinement of the Central Transit Butyrka Prison (Moscow), where he was kept in his last arrest from August 18, 1909 to January 9, 1910 for participation in the underground revolutionary struggle. The notebook with poems was taken away by the warden when Mayakovsky was released from prison.

The poet pointed out the direct connection between the “First Introduction to the Poem” and the exhibition “20 Years of Mayakovsky’s Work” when speaking on March 25, 1930 at the Komsomol House of Krasnaya Presnya at an evening dedicated to the twentieth anniversary of his activity: “The last thing written is about the exhibition, since it defines what I do and what I work for.

Very often in recent times those who are annoyed by my literary and journalistic work say that I simply forgot how to write poetry and that descendants will warm me up for this. I hold this view. One communist said: "What posterity! You will report to posterity, but it is much worse for me - before the district committee. It is much more difficult." I am a determined person, I want to talk to posterity myself, and not expect my critics to tell them in the future. Therefore, I appeal directly to the descendants in my poem, which is called "Out loud" ... "The exhibition is not an anniversary, but a report on the work. I demand help, not the exaltation of non-existent merits ..." "I exhibited because I wanted show what I did,” Mayakovsky said. “I arranged it because, in view of my pugnacious nature, so many dogs were hung on me and accused of so many sins that I have and which I don’t, that sometimes it seems to me to leave I would like to sit somewhere for two years, so as not to hear swearing.

But, of course, on the second day I again cheer up from this pessimism and, rolling up my sleeves, I begin to fight, defining my right to exist as a writer of the revolution, for the revolution, not as a renegade. That is, the meaning of this exhibition is to show that a revolutionary writer is not a renegade whose poems are written in a book and lie on a shelf and get dusty, but a revolutionary writer is a person participating in the everyday everyday life of building socialism.

The exhibition "20 years of Mayakovsky's work" opened on February 1, 1930 in the House of the Federation of the Association Soviet writers(now the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR, Vorovskogo St., 50). The conference hall and two adjoining rooms reserved for the exhibition could hardly fit samples of the works of the poet and artist, completed over two decades. The exhibition showed all the publications in which the poet was published - books, almanacs, magazines, newspapers. "Mayakovsky's books - only 1,250,000," explained the sign above the stands. One from each title was represented by magazines and newspapers in which Mayakovsky collaborated. Newspaper stands revealing the poet's connection with a multi-million reader, his work in the peripheral press, went under the polemical slogan "Mayakovsky is not understandable to the masses." "Laboratory" demonstrated his draft and white manuscripts, revealing the creative process. On the stand "To Autobiography", next to documents about studying at the Kutaisi and Moscow gymnasiums, illegal political literature was displayed - brochures, leaflets, proclamations - characterizing the range of interests of the young man Mayakovsky. The materials of the Moscow security department, the police department, and the military court revealed the history of three arrests of "Vysoky" (under this name Mayakovsky was listed in the reports of the Okhrana).

Map Soviet Union with the drawn routes of Mayakovsky's trips and the diagram "Mayakovsky on the stage" indicated the names of the cities that the poet visited from 1926 to 1930.

Two other halls of the exhibition demonstrated samples of Mayakovsky's work in ROSTA, his slogans to campaign posters and advertisements.

The poem "Out loud" was created in the process of preparing the exhibition and was completed by January 26, 1930. The correlation of the poem with the exposition of the exhibition gives an idea of ​​the process of the birth of images, of the movement of poetic thought, developing from concrete facts to broad artistic generalizations.

Parade unfolding my army pages, I pass along the line front

This extended metaphor, which determined the figurative structure of the central part of the poem, has its own specific visual basis, going back to the exhibition. The exhibition "20 years of Mayakovsky's work" was indeed a kind of "parade", a review of the troops, presented by the poet as a "formidable weapon". Apparently, in the process of designing stands, during hours of reflection, associations arose in front of him, concretizing and developing this main image- "parade of troops", "line front".

The exposition of the exhibition also allows one to see the process of the birth of a generalized winged image that expressed the pathos of Mayakovsky's entire work: "All one hundred volumes of my party books." The original version in the autograph of these lines: "all six volumes of my party books" is directly connected with the exhibition stand, which demonstrated six books in a light dust jacket - a volume of a ten-volume collection of works that began to appear in the State Publishing House. Six volumes were published during Mayakovsky's lifetime.

The first public reading of the poem by Mayakovsky took place on February 1 at the opening of the exhibition "20 Years of Mayakovsky's Work"; On February 6, he read "Out loud" at a conference of the MAPP (Moscow Association of Proletarian Writers), which accepted him as a member of the RAPP ( Russian Association proletarian writers); February 15 - at the exhibition "20 years of Mayakovsky's work", February 22 - at the closing of the exhibition; February 25 - at the opening of the club of theatrical workers; March 5 - at the opening of the exhibition "20 years of Mayakovsky's work" in Leningrad at the Press House; March 25 - in the Komsomol House of Krasnaya Presnya (Moscow); April 9 - at the evening at the Institute of National Economy named after GV Plekhanov (Moscow).

V. Mayakovsky among young people at the exhibition "20 years of Mayakovsky's work". 1930

Planted a garden cute, daughter, dacha, water and smooth surface...- a similar statement by Mayakovsky in relation to the so-called " pure art" took place as early as March 1918: "In petty shops, pompously called exhibitions, they sell pure daubs of noblemen's daughters and dachas in the Rococo style and other Louis ..." ("Manifesto of the Flying Federation of Futurists").

...I planted the garden myself, I will water it myself...- a couplet of a ditty popular in those years.

...curly Mitreyki, wise Curly...- young poets K. N. Mitreikin (1905-1934) and A. A. Kudreiko (b. 1907), close in those years to the grouping of the Literary Center of Constructivists, which Mayakovsky sharply criticized in a number of speeches of 1929-1930 for aestheticism and passion for technology. Having criticized a number of young poets at the MAPP conference on February 8, 1930, Mayakovsky cited a stanza from A. Kudreyko's collection "The Siege" (1929) as an example of "pastoral-pastoral equipment of a poetic work."

"Tara-tina, tara-tina, t-n-n ..."- Mayakovsky ridicules the poetic tricks of the head of the Literary Center of the Constructivists, the poet Ilya Selvinsky, who wrote in the poem "Gypsy Waltz on the Guitar" (1923).

And there is only a groan? guitars: Tara ginna-taratinna-tan...

Provityaz- Mayakovsky's ironic neologism, formed from the words "seer" and "knight"

...plumbing, worked by the slaves of Rome.- This refers to the water supply systems (aqueducts) of Rome and the provinces of the Roman Empire (from the 4th century BC)

Summer- in Greek mythology river of oblivion in the underworld.

Tse Ka Ka- The Central Control Commission, a party body elected by the Congress of the CPSU (b).

V. Mayakovsky managed to write only the introduction to the poem "Out loud". In the center of the introduction is the personality of the poet himself, addressing his descendants, presenting himself to them as a creator, "a sewer and a water carrier", "mobilized and called up by the revolution", "an agitator, a bawler-leader". The poet rejects the chamber art, created by various “curly Mitraykas” and “wise Kudreykas”, who “mandolin from under the walls: /“ tara-tina, tara-tina, / t-en-n ...». He affirms the significance of the poetry of the deed, laborer, which is the result of exhausting, but noble, overcoming, conquering time labor.

V. Mayakovsky equates poetry not only with rough hard work, but also with “old, but formidable weapons”, he believes that she should not caress the “ear with a word”, appease the girl’s ears, but serve, like a warrior, “the proletariat of the planet”. To confirm this main thesis, the work uses a detailed metaphorical comparison artistic creativity with a military review - a parade in which verses, poems, witticisms, rhymes participate.

The work affirms the significance of poetry serving the working class, covered with a red flag, born in battles and battles (“When / under bullets / the bourgeois ran from us, / as we / once / ran from them”).

The second idea of ​​the introduction is about the disinterestedness of artistic creativity, which is especially active in the final part of the work. V. Mayakovsky expresses himself laconically, emotionally, his words sound like an oath of allegiance to the people, descendants.

And one more idea passes through the work - a polemical, critical attitude towards "poetic grabbers and burnouts", towards supporters of lightweight poetry, not programmed for a "labor feat".

In terms of genre, the poem was conceived as a lyrical-journalistic one, but the introduction to it has the form of a monologue written in best traditions eloquence, oratory. Hence the numerous appeals (“Dear comrade descendants!”, “Listen, comrade descendants”), repetitions (“We discovered ...”, “We taught dialectics ...”), inversions (“I am not used to caressing my ear with a word” ). However, in general, the introduction retains the direct word order.

As in previous works, V. Mayakovsky successfully uses expressive tropes - epithets (“an old but formidable weapon”, “poems are heavy with lead”, “yawning titles”), metaphors (“a swarm of questions”, “tuberculosis is spitting”, “the throat of one’s own song”, “linear front”), comparisons (“poetry is a capricious woman”, “We opened / Marx / each volume / as in our own house / we open the shutters”).

In the style of V. Mayakovsky in the introduction to the poem - the use of the original author's, root, composite rhymes: "descendants - darkness", "swarm of questions - raw", "water carrier - gardening", "descendants - volumes", "provityaz - governments", "hunting - it comes", etc. Many of the poet's rhymes are innovative, consonant, they observe the consonance of consonant sounds. V. Mayakovsky often rhymes different parts of speech. The great master word-creator cannot do without neologisms (“burn out” - life-burners, “consumptive spitting”, “do not get excited” (from the word “scarlet”), “worked out”, “mandolin”).

Strictly speaking, Mayakovsky's poem "Out loud" is not one: the poet wrote only an introduction, but both critics and literary critics consider him a full-fledged work. Brief analysis“Out loud” according to the plan will help 11th grade students understand why literary critics think so, as well as a deeper appreciation of the artistic perfection of the work. In a literature lesson, this analysis can be used both as a main and as an additional material.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the introduction to the poem was written by Vladimir Vladimirovich in the winter of 1929-1930. Thus, the poet embodied his desire to address the modern reader and posterity without intermediaries.

Theme of the poem- the creative credo of the author and the results of twenty years of poetic work.

Composition- one-part, throughout the entire poem the poet develops one and the same thought.

Genre- lyric poetry.

Poetic size- tonic verse.

epithets – “an old but formidable weapon”, “poems are lead-heavy”, “yawning titles”.

Metaphors – “a swarm of questions”, “tuberculosis is spitting”, “the throat of one's own song”, “linear front”.

Comparisons – “poetry is a capricious woman”, “we discovered Marx every time we open the shutters in our own house”.

History of creation

The work was written shortly before the suicide of its author. This was the period when Mayakovsky was preparing for a special exhibition dedicated to the twentieth anniversary of his work. But this joyful, it would seem, time, in fact, turned out to be gloomy for him - there was a lot of criticism, many colleagues and critics made harsh statements against him.

Apparently, this gave rise to a desire in Vladimir Vladimirovich to talk directly with his reader. He conceived a grandiose work - the poem "Out loud", but wrote only its introduction. He could not or did not want to work on the work further: the verse with the subtitle “The First Introduction to the Poem” was completed in January 1930, and already in April a tragic suicide occurred.

The work is called a poem only by tradition, but this is quite significant.

Topic

At the end of his life path(although it is not known whether the poet was planning his suicide even then) Mayakovsky once again turned to the topic of creativity, which is important for him - more precisely, its purpose and its place in the creative process. He chooses a difficult path - to tell only the truth about himself and the time in which he lives. And he speaks harshly and without undue politeness.

Composition

In his work, Vladimir Vladimirovich acts both as an author and as lyrical hero. He promotes the rejection of art as an aesthetic approach, talks about the social component of poetry and even calls himself a “water-carrier”, that is, on the one hand, he gives people what they need, on the other, he often deals with the most unattractive side of reality. .

The main idea of ​​the poem is to accurately express Mayakovsky's creative credo: poetry is work, it should motivate people, there is no place for prettiness, it is part of life, everyday life.

The poet says that there is poetry that is closed in its philistinism like flowers in a manor's garden. It is created just for the sake of beautiful words and has neither a social burden nor the right to tell people how to live and what to do. But his poetry is not like that, it is a weapon. And the poet is her servant-commander, bringing words to the solemn military parade.

At the same time, he does not seek rewards and recognition, his army may even die completely. The main thing is victory, namely, a harmonious, healthy and just society.

Genre

Although “Out loud” refers to such a genre as a poem somewhat conditionally, the work nevertheless turned out to be quite epic. In this case, the main thing is the scale of the thought, which, although embodied in a small poem compared to the poem, does not lose its strength and grandeur from this.

Using the tonic system of versification, Mayakovsky, as usual, focuses on rhythm and word stress. He highlights those words that, in his opinion, the best way express a thought and allow expressing the rebellious moods and vivid emotions that overwhelm the poet.

means of expression

In addition to their characteristic poetic word neologisms Vladimir Vladimirovich also uses the usual artistic tropes, making them bright and harsh. So, in the work are used:

• epithets- “an old but formidable weapon”, “poems are lead-heavy”, “yawning titles”.
• Metaphors- “a swarm of questions”, “tuberculosis is spitting”, “the throat of one's own song”, “linear front”.
• Comparisons- “poetry is a capricious woman”, “we opened Marx every time we open the shutters in our own house”.

Thanks to them, the poem seems to be carved in eternal granite, preserving the memory of Mayakovsky the poet.

Poem test

Analysis Rating

Average rating: 4.4. Total ratings received: 17.

Mayakovsky's poem "Out loud" was written by the author in poetic form. With great regret, the poem was not published, so readers were not honored with the opportunity to get acquainted with it. The poem was written back in the 30s, which was exhibited as an exhibit at the exhibition of twenty years of Mayakovsky's work. According to Mayakovsky, the first lines of the poem are written as a reflection of the essence of the poet's work, which became the start in the author's creative work. The idea of ​​writing “Out loud” was a look at oneself from the future: “Dear comrade descendants! Our days studying the darkness.

From these lines it is immediately clear that the poet writes them for the future generation, and also talks about himself. But Mayakovsky also writes lines, simply indulging in poetry, but joking a little at the woman planting the garden: “I planted the garden nicely, daughter, dacha, water and smoothness, I will water it myself.”

With his poems, the poet seriously fought for the communist cause, neither fearing the government nor secret organizations. With lines from poetry, he simply pierced the soul of the Soviet people: “Unfolding my troops with a parade of pages. Poems are lead-heavy.

During the revolution, everything changed very quickly. This meant that Mayakovsky must enter this pace, join the people, and together with them reorganize the world in a new, socialist direction. With his poetry, he moved forward, while this one set this movement for the rest. Recognizing this poetry meant making your intentions real, step by step striving for a bright, beautiful future.

With these lines, the poet ended his verse "Out loud": "I will raise, like a Bolshevik party card, all one hundred volumes of my party books." His poems made me think about many things. They awakened the people to act, which, according to their plan, the poet aspired to.