Punctuation marks are kind of markers. Who invented them and what is the role of these punctuation units in addition to another reason for lowering the marks of students for their incorrect placement in the dictation? But thanks to such elements of writing, the perception of the text and the emotional message are achieved. Being a literate person today is simply necessary. Therefore, knowledge of the elementary norms of punctuation and spelling is necessary for everyone. Dash between subject and predicate - examples, exceptions, rules will be discussed in this article.

Sense centers of the sentence (SCP)

Having initially read the title of this publication, a person who has long graduated from school, most likely, begins to convulsively recall the members of the proposal. And it is unlikely that examples of a sentence with a dash between the subject and the predicate immediately come to mind.

A semantically related combination of words that has intonational completeness is called a sentence, the totality of which forms the text. Each such statement tells about some object or subject. By asking questions inherent in the nominative case - “what?”, “Who?” - you can determine the first component of the grammatical basis of the statement - the subject. That is, it is part of the semantic center of the sentence. "Employees of the repair shop have completed the preparation of equipment for the winter." In this variant, "employees" are the subject of the message. We are talking about the workers of the repair shop.

Having decided who the sentence is talking about, it is necessary to highlight the action performed by the subject of the statement. It is expressed as a predicate. A logical question arises in this example - "What did the employees do?" - completed the preparation of equipment. The predicate is “completed” and is considered the second semantic center of the sentence.

dash function

The sign that defines silence, semantic separation, was introduced into Russian writing by the historian N. M. Karamzin. Although there is an opinion that the punctuation unit first appeared in the Russian press in the 60s, and Nikolai Mikhailovich only contributed to its popularization.

In modern Russian writing, a dash between the subject and the predicate is a punctuation rule that every fifth grader knows. The main purpose of the sign:

• separating function. Semantic separation of parts of the statement and filling in the excluded members of the sentence with a sign. I went along the poppy field to the left, and Andrei went to the right. Here the predicate "went" is missing in the second part of the statement. The dash between the subject and the predicate acts as a separating function. Examples: Kyiv - the capital of Ukraine, the meeting place is the assembly hall. In the first case, Kyiv is the subject, and the capital is the predicate. Both members of the sentence are expressed by a noun. This is one of the requirements when a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate.
• excretory function. Writing lines in dialogue.
• Connective purpose: for the quantitative or semantic association of two words. Bus "Moscow - Dolgoprudny".

Punctuation: dash between subject and verb. Explanation with examples

When the semantic centers of the statement act as nouns, moreover, in the nominative form, there are several cases in which the “silence” sign is used:

1. To convey a fixed (logical) meaning: A square is a regular quadrilateral. Algebra is a discipline that generalizes and expands knowledge of arithmetic.
2. Publicistic statements or scientific judgments, which describe the characteristics of the subject or evaluate the phenomenon: Thunderstorm - a natural phenomenon resulting from electrical discharges.
3. Judgments where the subject and predicate are identical in meaning: Sevastopol is a city in the Crimea.
4. After subjects that answer one question and refer to one predicate: Kirovograd, Dnepropetrovsk, Vinnitsa - cities of the central part of Ukraine.
5. To bring precision to a statement: Mom is my friend. Or when there is a link in the judgments like “this”, “here”: The path in the dunes is a devastated miles of silence, drought and thirst.

Requirements for setting a dash when the centers of a sentence consist of different parts of speech

The "-" sign can be used in statements where the main members are not only nouns.

So, we continue to consider the dash between the subject and the predicate. Examples of sentences when semantic centers are expressed by different parts of speech:

1. Five six - thirty. The phrase "five six" is the subject, "thirty" is the predicate, both are expressed by the numeral. The height of the top of the Carpathians is two thousand six hundred and fifty five meters. In this case, “height” is a noun, reflects the subject, after the sign, the entire phrase refers to the numeral and is expressed by the predicate. It follows from this: a dash is placed when the main members of the statement act as a numeral and / or noun. But! In the nominative case. The exception is texts describing the characteristics of the subject in specialized literature, for example: boom reach 12 meters; the melting point of the metal is 1000 degrees.
2. To live with wolves - howl like a wolf. STsP belong to the indefinite form of the verb (NFG). Conclusion: sentences with a dash between the subject and the predicate can be found when its main members are expressed by the infinitive.
3. Our goal is to finish the assignment by Monday. The combination of an infinitive and a noun expressing the SCT also requires the use of a "-" sign.

Cases where the sign is not used

• The absence of a dash between the subject and the predicate is possible when the SCTs make up simple sentences, as a rule, conversational style: m oh dad director of a scientific enterprise; my sister is an analyst.
• If the predicate is attached to the second part grammatical basis statements (to the subject) with the unions “like”, “as if”, “like”, “exactly”, “as if”: m oh the school yard is like a garden; the stars are like little diamonds; the sky is like an ocean.
• The predicate expresses negation using the “not” particle - this is the case of the absence of a dash between the subject and the predicate. The rule has exceptions, but about them a little later. Examples: The heart is not a stone. The word is not a sparrow.
• The grammatical basis of the sentence is divided introductory word: a August, as you know, is the season of fruits and vegetables; Ivanov is now a famous hairdresser. If the adverb “now” is omitted in the last version, then a statement is obtained when a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate: Ivanov is a famous hairdresser.
• The semantic centers of the sentence form a phraseological turn: d va boots pair.
• The predicate appears in the sentence before the subject: wonderful girl Tatyana Pavlovna.
• The subject is a personal pronoun, and the predicate is a noun. He is an ulcer, he is a plague, he is a corruption of these places.

Exceptions

Departure from the requirements put forward to the setting of a dash or its absence can be observed among modern authors and classics. For example, judgment: that man is like a hero! It seems that according to the punctuation rule, if there is a link “how”, then the “-” sign is not put. However, its presence can be justified by the author's desire to emphasize the shade of comparison.

For a vivid contrast, the author can use intonation and logical stress. In this case, a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate. Examples: His views on the upbringing of children - is it not a prejudice? Preparing for the Olympics is not easy.

Dash between subject and predicate: table

There is a dash (subject + predicate):
noun + noun	The dog is man's friend.
numeral + numeral	Three times two is six.
Infinitive + infinitive	Eat right - love yourself.
Infinitive + noun	Drinking coffee in the morning is a pleasure.
Noun + infinitive	My goal is to defend my diploma.
Subject (that's it, that's it) predicate	Teaching is the best hobby.
No dash:
"Not" predicate	The word is not a sparrow.
Predicate (exactly, sort of like, as if, like) subject	Lips like rose petals.
Predicate + subject	A wonderful person Andrey Vladimirovich!
Subject = pronoun	She is a librarian.
	Preparing for the Olympics is not easy.

Conclusion

The main rule before placing a dash is to determine the semantic center of the sentence (subject, predicate), establish which part of speech they belong to, and know the cases when there is no such sign.

Good command of the language is the key to prosperity, success and respect. After all, life is a never-ending test.

The dash is one of the most expressive and favorite punctuation marks among schoolchildren. But the dash not only helps to express expression - it also forms some types of sentences. Let's consider one of them.

Ways of Expressing Principal Terms

Recall that the subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in the nominative case, but also by the numeral, and the infinitive of the verb, and a syntactically indivisible combination.

The predicate is also expressed not only by the verb in a personal form, but also by many other parts of speech: numeral, infinitive, pronoun, adverb, etc.

Which sentences require a dash

The simplest cases of setting a dash between the subject and the predicate are known to the fifth graders, but this rule is fully studied in the 8th grade. All of them concern sentences with a compound nominal predicate. But not all such offers fall under its action.

According to the dash rule, this sign is required between the subject and the predicate if both the subject and the predicate are expressed by a noun, numeral or infinitive of the verb in any possible set. A dash is also put in the case if the predicate is expressed by a phraseological unit.

This can be shown in a diagram like this:

Exist., num., inf. - noun, num., inf .

Here are some examples:

The dog is man's friend.

Five is an odd number.

Singing is my hobby.

To live - to serve the motherland.

His dream is to go to Paris.

What else affects the setting of a dash

The words "this", "here", "means". If they are, a dash is put; not affected even by the exceptions mentioned in the next chapter (Reading is the best teaching.)

It is interesting that the dash before “this”, “here”, “means” is placed even if the predicate is expressed by a pronoun (The state is us.)

Exceptions. The dash is not set.

However, there are exceptions. Recall that they do not apply to sentences where there is “this”, “here”, “means”.

• A dash is not put if the predicate has a NOT particle (My brother is not a student; however, antibiotics are not a panacea). This does not apply to sentences where the predicate is an infinitive.
• A dash is not needed (and a comma too!), If the predicate group includes comparative conjunctions like, as if, as if, exactly, etc. (“The forest is definitely a painted tower ...”)
• Sentences in which there is a word between the subject and the predicate also require careful consideration. If this is an introductory word, addition or circumstance, a dash is also not required. (Petya, of course, well done).
• A dash is not put if there is a particle between the subject and the predicate (My brother is only a paramedic's assistant).

Examples

Below you see the table “Dash between the subject and the predicate”: in which cases it is put, and in which it is not.

rule	example
The subject and predicate are expressed by the noun, infinitive, and numeral.	Everest is the highest mountain. My favorite number is nine. Playing chess is a fun activity.
The predicate is expressed by a phraseological unit	This dish is licking your fingers.
Between the subject and the predicate there are the words "this", "here", "means"	The ostrich is a big bird.
Between the subject and the predicate there is NOT	This person is not a director. Sydney is not the capital of Australia.
Between the subject and the predicate there is a comparative union "as", "as if", "as if", etc.	Our yard is like a garden.
Between the subject and the predicate there are introductory words, additions or circumstances, as well as particles	Ivan seems to be an engineer. Ivan is just an engineer. Ivan has long been an engineer.

What have we learned?

A dash between the subject and the predicate is placed in sentences with a compound nominal predicate, if the subject is expressed by a noun, infinitive or numeral, and the predicate is expressed by a noun, infinitive, numeral or phraseological unit. The dash is placed before “this”, “here”, “means” and is not (usually) preserved before NOT, comparative conjunction, particle, introductory word, addition, circumstance.

Dash between subject and predicate rule

1. A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate in the absence of a link, if both main members of the sentence are expressed by nouns in the nominative case, for example: Moscow is the capital of Russia. The gathering place is the parade ground (Sholokhov).

As a rule, a dash is placed:

• 1) proposals having the character logical definition, for example: Geology - the science of the structure, composition, history of the earth's crust;
• 2) in sentences of a scientific or journalistic style containing a description, assessment of an object or phenomenon, for example: Life - special form the motion of matter that occurs at a certain stage of its development;
• 3) after homogeneous subjects, for example: Flattery and cowardice are the worst vices (Turgenev); Space and time are the basic forms of any existence;
• 4) to clarify the meaning of the proposal; cf .: The elder brother is my teacher; My older brother is a teacher.

A dash is usually not put, although the subject and predicate are expressed in the nominative case of the noun:

• 1) in simple sentences of a colloquial style of speech, for example: My sister is a student;
• 2) if there are comparative conjunctions between the subject and the predicate as if, as if, exactly, it doesn’t matter how, it doesn’t matter what, it seems like, etc., for example: A pond like shiny steel (Fet); You are between sisters like a white dove between gray, simple pigeons (Nekrasov); Your brooch looks like a bee (Chekhov); The houses of the city are like piles of dirty snow (Bitter). Deviations from this rule are connected with the author's desire to emphasize the shade of comparison contained in the predicate, for example: Silence is like an ice floe, you will break it further in a whisper (Leonov); Your speeches are like a sharp knife... (Lermontov); ... Such a phrase is like a big helmet in a jumble (Turgenev);
• 3) if the predicate is preceded by negation not, for example: This officer is not like you ... (Fedin); Analogy is not proof. Wed proverbs and sayings: The word is not a sparrow: it will fly out - you will not catch it; Poverty is not a vice; The heart is not a stone. But a dash is placed if it aims to logically and intonationally emphasize the predicate, for example: But an explanation is not an excuse (Gorky); “Human blood is not water” (Stelmakh); To live life is not to cross the field (proverb);
• 4) if between the subject and the predicate there is an introductory word, adverb, union, particle, for example: ... Goose, you know, an important and reasonable bird (Turgenev). Cf. the presence or absence of a dash, depending on the specified conditions: Cotton is the most important industrial crop. - Cotton, as you know, is the most important industrial crop (an introductory combination is inserted). Cinema is the most popular art form. - Cinema is still the most popular form of art (adverb inserted). Kok-saghyz is a rubber plant. - Kok-saghyz is also a rubber plant (conjunction inserted). December is the beginning of winter. - December is only the beginning of winter (a particle is inserted);
• 5) if the predicate is preceded by an inconsistent related to it minor member sentences, for example: Stepan is our neighbor ... (Sholokhov);
• 6) if the predicate precedes the subject, for example: Ivan Ivanovich is a wonderful person! (Gogol). The setting of a dash in this case emphasizes the intonational division of the sentence into two compositions, for example: Nice people are my neighbors! (Nekrasov); Good side- Siberia! (Bitter); Psychological curiosity - my mother (Chekhov);
• 7) if the subject in combination with the predicate forms an indecomposable phraseological phrase, for example: A penny is the price of a theory that fixes some patterns (S. Golubov).

2. A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate if both of them are expressed in the indefinite form of the verb or if one of the main members of the sentence is expressed in the nominative case of the noun, and the other in the indefinite form of the verb. For example: To teach a scientist is only to spoil (proverb); Our duty is to defend the fortress until our last breath ... (Pushkin).

3. A dash is placed before words it, it is, here, it means, it means connecting the predicate to the subject. For example: The Kremlin is a treasury of Russian architecture, a creation of great masters, a living chronicle of centuries of history (From newspapers). Everything past, present and future is us, and not the blind force of the elements (Gorky).

Wed: The latest autumn is when the mountain ash wrinkles from frost and becomes, as they say, “sweet” (Prishvin) (the whole sentence acts as a predicate).

4. A dash is placed if both main members of the sentence are expressed in the nominative case of a quantitative numeral or if one of them is expressed in the nominative case of a noun, and the other - in a numeral or turnover with a numeral. For example: So, nine forty - three hundred and sixty, right? (Pismsky); Ursa Major - seven bright stars; The specific gravity of gold is 19.3 g/cm3.

Note. In special literature, when characterizing an object, a dash is often not put in this case, for example, the melting point of gold is 1064.4; The lifting capacity of the crane is 2.5 t, the subtraction of the boom is 5 m.

5. A dash is placed between the subject, expressed by the indefinite form of the verb, and the predicate, expressed by the predicative adverb in -about if a pause is made between the main members of the sentence, for example: Preparing for exams is not so easy (Fedin); To yield is shameful (V. Tendryakov); It is very unbearable to move (Goncharov).

But (in the absence of a pause): It is very easy to judge a person in disfavor (L. Tolstoy).

6. A dash is placed before a predicate, a pronounced phraseological phrase, for example: Both a woman and a man are a nickel pair (Chekhov); And the porch - God forbid another prince ... (A.N. Tolstoy).

7. With the subject expressed by the pronoun this, the dash is placed or not, depending on the logical selection of the subject and the presence or absence of a pause after it. Wed:

• a) This is the beginning of all beginnings; This is the first performance of the actress; This is loneliness (Chekhov);
• b) This is the house of Zverkov (Gogol); This is a net for catching quails (Chekhov); This is a very difficult problem.

8. A dash is usually not put if the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, and the predicate is expressed by the nominative case of a noun, for example: ... I am an honest person and I never compliment (Chekhov); I am terribly glad that you are my brother (L. Tolstoy); He is a corruption, he is a plague, he is an ulcer of these places (Krylov).

In this case, a dash is placed in contrasting or logically emphasizing the predicate, for example: You are an old child, a theorist, and I am a young old man and practitioner ... (Chekhov); I am a manufacturer, you are a ship owner ... (Gorky); Not me, not me, but you - a harmful element (Fedin).

9. A dash is not put if one of the main members of the sentence is expressed by an interrogative-relative pronoun, and the other by a noun in the nominative case or a personal pronoun, for example: Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are.

10. A dash, as a rule, is not put if the predicate is expressed by an adjective, a pronominal adjective, a prepositional-nominal combination. For example: She has a very kind heart, but her head is troubled (Turgenev); My cherry orchard! (Chekhov). The back of the shark is dark blue, and the belly is dazzling white (Goncharov).

Setting a dash in these cases aims to divide the sentence intonationally and facilitate the perception of its content, for example: The pupils are catlike, long ... (Sholokhov); The height near the scattered houses of the farm is commanding ... (Kazakevich).

11. In footnotes, a dash separates the explained word from the explanation, regardless of the form of expression of the predicate. For example: Lakshmi - in Indian mythology, the goddess of beauty and wealth; Apis - the ancient Egyptians considered a sacred animal.

There is a set of rules for constructing phrases in oral and writing. This section of linguistics is called syntax (syntaxis), which is translated from Greek means "composition". The main members of the sentence with an agreed connection and functional semantic load are not subject to secondary units, have a dominant position and “dictate” the main meaning of the expression.

In contact with

The semantic core of the expression

The subject and predicate in sentences perform the function of a grammatical basis. What is the subject - this is the first of the main members in answering questions by Him. : who? or what? Means either the object or the action denoted by the predicate. What is the predicate - this is the second main member, which answers the questions: “what to do or do?”, “what is it?”. Carries a functional load, complements the meaning of the subject.

In the structure of speech turnover, the subject is expressed by the noun or and assumes an active meaning. For illustration, one can cite simple, complete in meaning, phrases “Irina put down the book.” "She put down the book." In both completed phrases, there is no dash between the subject and the predicate, since the subjects “Irina” in the first case and “she” in the second are units that perform the action, and the predicate is expressed in the past tense, denoting this action.

In Russian speech, the subject can be expressed both as a noun and as an adjective used in

There are non-common speech turns in which the connection between the main members that make up the grammatical core is omitted. Both the subject and the predicate in these cases “stand” in the nominative case and are expressed by a noun or a numeral. For example: “The starting point is the fire tower”; "The show starts at twelve." In writing, these phrases are formed with a dash between the subject and the predicate, since the nominative case is used twice for the declension of both units of the main link.

In addition, if both main members of the phrase are indicated by indefinite verbs, then according to language norms a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate. A creative option is a playful aphorism: “ Active person- the blacksmith of his own happiness.

Important! If the particle “not” is in front of the verb (in the infinitive), a dash is put: “To live life is not to cross the field.” Such punctuation will be correct both grammatically and stylistically.

What expressions are used

The spelling rule with a connecting dash sign depends on the competent selection of the basis - the main members, which do not depend on the secondary ones. The dash can be used to connect parts of a sentence in different styles of speech.

Mathematical and identical concepts

In a laconic speech turnover, which describes a mathematical action using numerals, the subject and predicate are separated by a dash. For example: "Twice two - four";

In simple and precise phrases containing identical concepts and definitions. Can be (geographical): “London is the capital of Great Britain”; “The Sava is a tributary of the Danube” are examples of sentences of classic identical combinations.

Folklore

The dash punctuation mark is often used in short turns of speech of folk art, which are instructive. These are laconic folk expressions - sayings and proverbs with a dash, the spelling of which obeys the rules of Russian grammar. The predicate is usually expressed as a whole phrase, which contains the logical meaning of the sentence.

Examples of wise folklore creativity:

• if you want to test a friend, look at him in anger;
• a cat from home - mice dance;
• Out of sight, out of mind;
• no news - good news;
• what the eye does not see, the heart does not regret;
• found a friend - found a treasure.

In all these cases, the rule is used when a dash is placed between both parts of the turnover.

Imaginative commercials

If you come across a sentence where the predicate is expressed by a noun, then you can apply the standard rule using the graphic dash sign, which indicates the final meaning. For example: “Almagel is a balm for the stomach”, “ Toothpaste Pearls are for the whole family.” After the dash sign, a combination follows in which the predicate is expressed by a noun, explaining the general meaning “ catchphrase”, convincing and motivating to buy.

The technique of using short, well-aimed and figurative phrases is very often used in popular aphorisms and "catchy" advertising texts.

Use in writing

In Russian grammar, the dash sign between the subject and the predicate is placed in four cases:

1. Between two nouns, when the predicate is expressed by a noun (Happiness is a reward for courage).
2. Between a pair of numerals (Fifteen fifteen - two hundred twenty five).
3. Between verbs in an indefinite form - infinitive (Guide - sensitively foresee).
4. Before the words: this, here, means, this means, connecting the grammatical basis of the sentence (A dirty child is a happy child).

Punctuation mark in Russian and foreign fiction

In Russian writing, both modern and classical, punctuation using dashes is quite common. Expressions with a dash carry the function of additional expressiveness and enhancing the significance of what was said.

A few examples from fiction:

• "Genius and villainy are two incompatible things." (A.S. Pushkin);
• "The highest and most feature our people is a sense of justice and a thirst for it. (F.M. Dostoevsky);
• “To spare nothing for a friend, to think about others a little too - that’s my simple magic.” (L.I. Oshanin);
• “Excessive pride is a sign of an insignificant soul” (I.A. Turgenev);
• “The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life” (M. Gorky).

In the works of foreign authors, the logical link - a dash between the subject and the predicate - is also often used in place. An example would be
serve as a phrase from “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” by the American classic Mark Twain: “But now Tom was a free bird - that was also worth something!” Thanks to the use of a punctuation mark, the phrase sounds short and very emotional.

Punctuation marks are kind of markers. Who invented them and what is the role of these punctuation units in addition to another reason for lowering the marks of students for their incorrect placement in the dictation? But thanks to such elements of writing, the perception of the text and the emotional message are achieved. Being a literate person today is simply necessary. Therefore, knowledge of the elementary norms of punctuation and spelling is necessary for everyone. Dash between subject and predicate - examples, exceptions, rules will be discussed in this article.

Sense centers of the sentence (SCP)

Having initially read the title of this publication, a person who has long graduated from school, most likely, begins to convulsively recall the members of the proposal. And it is unlikely that examples of a sentence with a dash between the subject and the predicate immediately come to mind.

A semantically related combination of words that has intonational completeness is called a sentence, the totality of which forms the text. Each such statement tells about some object or subject. By asking questions inherent in the nominative case - “what?”, “Who?” - you can determine the first component of the grammatical basis of the statement - the subject. That is, it is part of the semantic center of the sentence. "Employees of the repair shop have completed the preparation of equipment for the winter." In this variant, "employees" are the subject of the message. We are talking about the workers of the repair shop.

Having decided who the sentence is talking about, it is necessary to highlight the action performed by the subject of the statement. It is expressed as a predicate. A logical question arises in this example - "What did the employees do?" - completed the preparation of equipment. The predicate is “completed” and is considered the second semantic center of the sentence.

dash function

The sign that defines silence, semantic separation, was introduced into Russian writing by the historian N. M. Karamzin. Although there is an opinion that the punctuation unit first appeared in the Russian press in the 60s, and Nikolai Mikhailovich only contributed to its popularization.

In modern Russian writing, a dash between the subject and the predicate is a punctuation rule that every fifth grader knows. The main purpose of the sign:

• separating function. Semantic separation of parts of the statement and filling in the excluded members of the sentence with a sign. I went along the poppy field to the left, and Andrei went to the right. Here the predicate "went" is missing in the second part of the statement. The dash between the subject and the predicate acts as a separating function. Examples: Kyiv - the capital of Ukraine, the meeting place is the assembly hall. In the first case, Kyiv is the subject, and the capital is the predicate. Both members of the sentence are expressed by a noun. This is one of the requirements when a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate.
• excretory function. Writing lines in dialogue.
• Connective purpose: for the quantitative or semantic association of two words. Bus "Moscow - Dolgoprudny".

Punctuation: dash between subject and verb. Explanation with examples

When the semantic centers of the statement act as nouns, moreover, in the nominative form, there are several cases in which the “silence” sign is used:

1. To convey a fixed (logical) meaning: A square is a regular quadrilateral. Algebra is a discipline that generalizes and expands knowledge of arithmetic.
2. Publicistic statements or scientific judgments, which describe the characteristics of the subject or evaluate the phenomenon: A thunderstorm is a natural phenomenon resulting from electrical discharges.
3. Judgments where the subject and predicate are identical in meaning: Sevastopol is a city in the Crimea.
4. After subjects that answer one question and refer to one predicate: Kirovograd, Dnepropetrovsk, Vinnitsa - cities of the central part of Ukraine.
5. To bring precision to a statement: Mom is my friend. Or when there is a link in the judgments like “this”, “here”: The path in the dunes is a devastated miles of silence, drought and thirst.

Requirements for setting a dash when the centers of a sentence consist of different parts of speech

The "-" sign can be used in statements where the main members are not only nouns.

So, we continue to consider the dash between the subject and the predicate. Examples of sentences when semantic centers are expressed by different parts of speech:

1. Five six - thirty. The phrase "five six" is the subject, "thirty" is the predicate, both are expressed by the numeral. The height of the top of the Carpathians is two thousand six hundred and fifty five meters. In this case, “height” is a noun, reflects the subject, after the sign, the entire phrase refers to the numeral and is expressed by the predicate. It follows from this: a dash is placed when the main members of the statement act as a numeral and / or noun. But! In the nominative case. The exception is texts describing the characteristics of the subject in specialized literature, for example: boom reach 12 meters; the melting point of the metal is 1000 degrees.
2. To live with wolves - howl like a wolf. STsP belong to the indefinite form of the verb (NFG). Conclusion: sentences with a dash between the subject and the predicate can be found when its main members are expressed by the infinitive.
3. Our goal is to finish the assignment by Monday. The combination of an infinitive and a noun expressing the SCT also requires the use of a "-" sign.

Cases where the sign is not used

• The absence of a dash between the subject and the predicate is possible when the SCTs make up simple sentences, as a rule, of a conversational style: m oh dad director of a scientific enterprise; my sister is an analyst.
• If the predicate is attached to the second part of the grammatical basis of the statement (subject) with the unions “like”, “as if”, “like”, “exactly”, “as if”: m oh the school yard is like a garden; the stars are like little diamonds; the sky is like an ocean.
• The predicate expresses negation using the “not” particle - this is the case of the absence of a dash between the subject and the predicate. The rule has exceptions, but about them a little later. Examples: The heart is not a stone. The word is not a sparrow.
• The grammatical basis of the sentence is divided by the introductory word: a August, as you know, is the season of fruits and vegetables; Ivanov is now a famous hairdresser. If the adverb “now” is omitted in the last version, then a statement is obtained when a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate: Ivanov is a famous hairdresser.
• The semantic centers of the sentence form a phraseological turn: d va boots pair.
• The predicate appears in the sentence before the subject: wonderful girl Tatyana Pavlovna.
• The subject is a personal pronoun, and the predicate is a noun. He is an ulcer, he is a plague, he is a corruption of these places.

Exceptions

Departure from the requirements put forward to the setting of a dash or its absence can be observed among modern authors and classics. For example, judgment: that man is like a hero! It seems that according to the punctuation rule, if there is a link “how”, then the “-” sign is not put. However, its presence can be justified by the author's desire to emphasize the shade of comparison.

For a vivid contrast, the author can use intonational and logical stress. In this case, a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate. Examples: His views on the upbringing of children - is it not a prejudice? Preparing for the Olympics is not easy.

Dash between subject and predicate: table

There is a dash (subject + predicate):
noun + noun	The dog is man's friend.
numeral + numeral	Three times two is six.
Infinitive + infinitive	Eat right - love yourself.
Infinitive + noun	Drinking coffee in the morning is a pleasure.
Noun + infinitive	My goal is to defend my diploma.
Subject (that's it, that's it) predicate	Teaching is the best hobby.
No dash:
"Not" predicate	The word is not a sparrow.
Predicate (exactly, sort of like, as if, like) subject	Lips like rose petals.
Predicate + subject	A wonderful person Andrey Vladimirovich!
Subject = pronoun	She is a librarian.
	Preparing for the Olympics is not easy.

Conclusion

The main rule before placing a dash is to determine the semantic center of the sentence (subject, predicate), establish which part of speech they belong to, and know the cases when there is no such sign.

Good command of the language is the key to prosperity, success and respect. After all, life is a never-ending test.