Test number 8 Are you a business person or ... Key. You prefer to act rather than think about whether you should do something or not. You seek to do business, not talk about it. You like to be active and busy. That's just not too much you take on yourself, forgetting

Test number 17 Are you a risky person? Key I. You are an extremely risky person. Your main motto is "He who does not take risks does not drink champagne!". Sometimes you are just reckless. You are never enough. Because of this (most often apparent) dissatisfaction, you often feel

Quiz #21 Are you a bossy person? Key I. You clearly underestimate yourself and for some reason are sure that you are worse than others, and therefore you are unlikely to be able to achieve much in life. People who do not know how to answer even for themselves are boring and unattractive. They are often used to achieve

Test number 23 Are you a lucky person? Key I. It is quite obvious that Fortune is your best friend. There will be free money - we advise you to look at the nearest kiosk selling lottery tickets. Although you obviously already have enough lucky tickets in your life, and because you are so

3. Purposeful person, performer, ambitious person Easily adapts and changes. Confidently walks through life and does things that will bring him/her approval and success, sometimes at the cost of losing him/her true personality. Afraid of being unsuccessful and worthless - wants to be

Test "Man in the rain" The test is focused on diagnosing personal reserves and features of a person's defense mechanisms, his ability to overcome adverse situations, resist them, it can also tell about a person's ability to adapt. The test

Test number 12 Are you a cheerful person? Are you always dissatisfied with something or, on the contrary, are you able to find positive moments even in an unpleasant situation? You can understand this with the help of the proposed test, you just need to sincerely answer all his questions.1. you are energetic

VM test (indicative test of school maturity - verbal thinking) I. Irazek Which animal is bigger - a horse or a dog? Horse = 0, incorrect answer = -5. In the morning we have breakfast, and at noon ...? We have lunch. We eat soup, pasta and meat = 0. Have lunch, dinner, sleep, etc. wrong

What is goal setting?
In simple terms, goal setting is when, while setting a goal, we perform a series of rituals (something like dancing with tambourines and drawing a fiery circle, only easier) after which the goal seems to be fulfilled by itself.
The topic of goal setting has become popular only in the last few decades.
A few decades ago, our compatriots did not bother with the topic of setting goals. They made everything much easier. There is a goal, so you need to work hard and painstakingly and everything will work out. But our generation has grown up more cunning and agile, and we are eager to find a magic pill to our goals.
That is why in last years more and more often this topic excites the minds of people. The sensational film "The Secret" played a particularly important role in the development of the theme of goal setting. Various courses on NLP, psychology, coaching, time management, which our people are increasingly attending, have also contributed to the topic of goal dissemination.
And as a result, many myths and rumors began to form in the field of goal setting, which in fact are only partially true. These are the myths we're talking about.
We will talk about three such myths.
Goal setting. Myth 1. About the universal model.
Many people believe that there is one single mega super secret universal goal setting model. This is often used by marketers, stating that it is their model that is the best and only it works. And strangely enough, people are being led.
There is no universal model. For the same person different situations models will be different. About what's for two different people goal-setting methods in general can be radically different and needless to say.
Goal setting. Myth 2. About the clarity of setting goals.
There is a modern legend that a few decades ago, Harvard conducted a study in which a group of young graduates were asked how they see their future in 20 years. As a result, about 80% said that they see the future vaguely, another 12% approximately imagined where they want to live, what to do, how many children to have, and only for the remaining 3% the goals were written down in detail on paper. These people knew exactly where they would work, what kind of car they would drive, and how much they would roughly earn.
After 20 years, these people were found and a new survey was conducted. It turned out that the second group (12%) earned on average 3 times more than the first (80%), and the third group (3%) earned 10 times more.
From this we can conclude that if you want your goals to be fulfilled, you must write them down in detail on paper.
In part, this is actually the case and there are people for whom it works. It is quite possible that you are just the same and treat these people and you should try this technique in practice. But at the same time, according to observations, there are a large number of people who, having written down their goals in detail, will throw them away into the desktop drawer and in a week will dream about something else.
Also, according to observations, people who constantly strive forward from time to time improve their goals and change.

What is common to this goal-setting myth is that it is best to write down your goals, and try to do it in detail (but without fanaticism). And you also need to have plans for several years ahead.
These three rules should definitely be adopted by everyone. The rest is individual.

Goal setting. Myth 3. About visualization.
Many people believe that when setting a goal, you must visualize the image of the desired result. I even met people who were trying to figure out how to properly visualize themselves in relation to the goal from the outside or in the first person.
Especially strongly the visualization method spread after the release of the film "Secret".
I have met many people who have visualization work. But I've met just as many people for whom it doesn't work. In the same way, I met people who have no idea what it is at all, but achieve their goals with a bang.
The rational side of this myth is that you need to focus your attention on a goal in order to achieve it. This is where visualization can help. Although the same can be easily done with a leaf and a pen.

As you know, any human action is directly related to the fact that he spends a certain amount of time to complete it. And if the information from the first lesson will teach you to determine and fix your time costs and understand the structure of the distribution of a temporary resource, then the knowledge that you will receive from here will help you learn to separate what you need to spend your time on from what you do not need. .

Here we will talk about the goal-setting process: you will learn to determine your true goals and secondary tasks, which means you will be able to do what will allow you to eliminate wasting time, and even your minimal efforts will bring you maximum results.

The concept of goal setting

After analyzing your own time spending, the fundamental question becomes the question “How to change the current situation?” It is difficult to do this without thinking, because if we spent our time on something, it means that at that moment we presented this matter as important, necessary - and what to do with such an idea is not always clear.

To learn to make decisions about the necessity of a business means to correlate it possible result with what you actually want to achieve, i.e. with your purpose. Wikipedia defines purpose as follows:

Target- an ideal or real object of a conscious or unconscious aspiration of the subject; the end result to which the process is intentionally directed.

Another definition says: a goal is a mental model of the desired result, an ideal image of the future. If we know what we want to achieve as a result, it is much easier to weed out unnecessary things from daily activities - you just need to ask the question “will this help me achieve my goal?”. A well-defined goal motivates, organizes thoughts, simplifies decisions and, ultimately, leads to a significant increase in efficiency.

How to make sure that the goal is well set? It must be remembered that it never appears on its own, but is the result of a goal-setting process - conscious or not. Goal setting can be defined as follows: it is the process of choosing one or more goals with the establishment of certain requirements for them (for example, deviation parameters).

The psychological structure of any activity can be represented as the following diagram:

As we can see from the presented scheme, the process of setting goals and performing any task can be conscious or unconscious. Let's try to figure out exactly how this affects your productivity.

At the heart of any human activity is a certain need, problem or opportunity, which rest on the foundation of certain life values(meta-goals) personality. Needs and problems may not be recognized, while opportunities must first be noticed. All of them lead to the emergence of a certain motive - contrary to the popular definition (“a motive is conscious need”), it is not necessarily realized by a person. Dictionary practical psychologist gives the following characteristics: “The motive is revealed to the subject in the form of specific experiences, characterized either by positive emotions from the expectation of achieving this object, or by negative ones associated with the incompleteness of the present position. But to understand the motive, that is, to include these experiences in a culturally determined categorical system, special work is required. Separately, we can talk about the existence of motivations - conscious arguments in favor of a particular motive.

One can talk about goal-setting as such if a person specifically tries to realize his goal by analyzing his needs, problems or opportunities, and then presenting an ideal image of the desired future. In this case, the process of planning the achievement of the goal, as well as specific actions, is then launched.

The figure above clearly shows that the absence of a conscious goal leads to the absence of a planning stage, respectively, the search for resources to achieve an implicit goal and the corresponding actions are performed chaotically. Of course, this process does not allow you to control the final result in any way, and the efforts spent in this way will be in vain.

Our task is to make this process manageable, which means to explore possible ways of goal-setting.

Exercise 2.1

From the proposed list, please select from 5 to 7 key values ​​in your life. If the proposed list is not enough, then come up with your own.

Exercise 2.2

Make a hierarchy of your values. Think about which of them may conflict with each other and how you will resolve it.

Goal setting methods

There are the following main methods of goal setting:

Intuitive search for a goal is the most common. Algorithm of actions in this case is extremely clear: you need to be attentive to your own ideas and guesses, waiting for insight. It can be assumed that this is the only way of goal setting that is “automatically” built into each person. This happens because intuitive goals are formed on the basis of existing experience, knowledge and skills of a person, and their “manifestation” means the transition of an unconscious need (problem) into a conscious motive for actions, which starts the process of goal setting.

The "invention" of goals is an "experimental" process based on the trial achievement of a possible goal in the near future and / or on a reduced scale. For example, this happens when you make an important decision (“find a hobby for yourself”), but do not know how to specifically implement it. In this case, you can try scrapbooking, philately, embroidery, or more exotic options until you find yours. At the same time, your goal may be to engage in this type of hobby for some time (a month, for example), and then you sum up and choose what is closer to you.

The method of "calculating" the goal works according to the following algorithm. Immediately after realizing the key motive (“I want to have a car”), you need to write out all the goals leading to this as columns in the table. You need to understand that the goals can be different - “make money to buy a personal car”, “beg for a car from her husband”, “win a car in the lottery” and even “steal from a neighbor in the yard” (just kidding). Further, as lines, it is necessary to write out qualitative and quantitative criteria that significantly affect the result of achieving the goal. Then it is enough to evaluate the goals you have invented, choosing the best option in each line, and summing up the final indicators (see the example below).

So, the result of our calculation is the goal of "begging a car from her husband." Accordingly, it becomes clear how to achieve this goal. However, it is impossible not to note the bulkiness this method, the complexity of selecting and evaluating criteria, etc. In addition, as S.I. Kalinin notes, "attempts" to choose a groom according to Gogol, putting Ivan Ivanovich's nose to the face of Pyotr Petrovich, are most likely doomed to failure. However, maybe you'll get lucky?

Finally, the "choice and prescription" method. This method implies that we already have a certain number of goals set by someone, and we just need to choose one of them as our own and “prescribe” its implementation for ourselves. In essence, this is a way to imitate someone and an attempt to act according to an already known algorithm. An example of such a situation would be goal setting. young man, graduating from school: the mother wants her son to become a writer, the father wants to see him as a lawyer, and grandparents see a promising metallurgist in their grandson. Not wanting to choose or not having such an opportunity, a young person can always choose one of the goals "prepared" for him by his relatives, and strive to achieve it - as if this goal was chosen by him. It should be noted that this is sufficient good way, although it is far from suitable for everyone (you can recall the film “Route 60”, where the father reads the career of a lawyer to the main character, but, in the end, the hero refuses the goal imposed on him by his father).

On a note. In some cases, the initially set goal may turn out to be superficial. Psychologists often single out the multi-layered goal, and also note numerous inaccuracies in the wording that diverge from what is really desired. To get a really well-formulated goal, you need to specify its content. So, in the example above (“I want to have a car”), there may be something more than just a desire to buy a vehicle - for example, a desire to improve one’s status, demonstrate to others one’s own independence, a way to join the interests of a certain group of people, and others. Awareness of the underlying motive can help achieve the true goal by increasing the level of self-understanding and providing a better satisfaction of the original need.

Goal setting methods

3.1. SMART

But do not forget that the goal should be as accurate as possible, not only in terms of your inner perception of what you want. You absolutely must imagine the ways to achieve the goal, use very specific tools for this in planning and look for specific resources, and, most importantly, have time to do it on time (we are still talking about time management, right?). That is why the SMART goal setting system was developed. It owes its name to a mnemonic rule that combines the first letters of the English name of the goal quality criteria. Among them are the following:

• Specific (specific) - the goal must be specific, i.e. should indicate what exactly needs to be achieved;
• Measurable - contains an indication of how the result is measured. If the goal is quantitative, then it is necessary to indicate the target figure (“sales are 5% more”, “buy an iPhone 5S for less than 15,000 rubles”, etc.), if it is a qualitative one, set a standard (“a car no worse than an S-class”, “the same watch as Stas Mikhailov”);
• Achievable (achievable) - the goal must be realistic; in addition, the mechanism for achieving it must be clear and it must also be real;
• Relevant (relevant, actual) - it is necessary to understand that the fulfillment of the goal is relevant and really necessary to achieve the desired;
• Time-bound (limited in time) - the goal must have clearly defined time limits for its achievement.

You can read more about SMART goal setting in.

The algorithm for setting SMART goals looks like this:

1. maximum refinement of results (S);
2. substantiation of the goal as necessary, relevant (R);
3. forecasting and assessing the degree of attainability of the goal (A);
4. selection of criteria for evaluating the goal and target indicators (M);
5. for the most refined goal, the deadline (T) is selected.

Exercise 2.3 by Brian Tracy

Take a sheet of paper and write down ten goals for the next year as if they have already been realized (for example, “I bought myself a new Ferrari 458 Italia in a boutique on Tretyakovskiy Proyezd”), and then choose the one that would change your life the most life. Circle it, and then write it out on a separate sheet and work according to the SMART criteria.

Exercise 2.4

In your opinion, what method of goal-setting (see paragraph 2 of the lesson) does the example from the previous exercise refer to? Why?

3.2. Project method of goal setting by G. Arkhangelsky

Despite the obvious advantages of SMART technology, it is effective only when the initial conditions for setting a goal are known and the subject of goal setting has a conscious understanding of the desired image of the future. On the contrary, in life there is often a situation when a suitable goal has not yet been found, and the initial conditions are rapidly changing. Then we can distinguish the following stages of the technology of the project method of setting goals:

• determination of the abstract level (“framework”) of the future goal by:
  - clarifying the value system by highlighting specific values ​​(meta-goals);
  - identifying key areas of life to which their influence extends;
  - clarification of the rules that determine the nature of this influence.
• a specific goal is specified so as not to contradict the values ​​and principles existing in this sphere of life; ensuring conformity with values;
• planning for a specific level of achieving goals: current affairs are checked for compliance with meta-goals (unlike the SMART approach, when the original goal is decomposed into separate tasks);
• determination of the time scale in which it is planned to achieve the goal - “in a week”, “this year”, etc. (as opposed to exact SMART timelines);
• division of cases into “hard” (tied to certain dates and times) and “soft” (planned on a time scale and taking into account the system of contexts);
• all cases are distributed according to the areas of attention - strategic, operational and tactical (they correspond to time scales of one year, one week and one day).

On a note. You can read more about G. Arkhangelsky's system in his book.

3.3. Method "goals - values"

Knowing about your meta-goals (see exercise 2.1), form a table of correlation of goals and values:

If, based on the results of filling out the table, you build goals in descending order of the final score, then you can determine which one makes the greatest contribution to the fulfillment of your meta goals.

Exercise 2.5

What method of setting goals is the goal-values ​​method?

Goal-setting is the most important, but not the only stage of time management that precedes the actual execution of cases, their implementation. The next important step is planning, which we will study in the third lesson.

Test your knowledge

If you want to test your knowledge on the topic of this lesson, you can take small test consisting of several questions. Only 1 option can be correct for each question. After you select one of the options, the system automatically moves on to the next question. The points you receive are affected by the correctness of your answers and the time spent on passing. Please note that the questions are different each time, and the options are shuffled.