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Elena Galimullina
"Addition". Abstract of a lesson in mathematics in the form of a game
Topic: Addition
Type of lessons: intellectual and developing.
View lessons: formation of elementary mathematical representations.
Conduct form: the game.
Integration of educational regions: "knowledge", "communication", « Physical Culture» , "socialization", "work", "artistic creativity".
Target:
1. Form an idea of addition how to combine groups of objects, about recording sign addition«+» ;
2. Train the ability to identify and name the properties of an object, the ability to compare objects by properties;
3. Train mental operations - analysis, comparison, generalization, abstraction, develop attention, memory, speech, imagination, logical abilities, communicative qualities.
Tasks:
Learning tasks:
1. motivate children to be included in gaming activities;
2. to update the idea of the whole and its parts, the relationship between them, the ability to make a whole out of parts;
3. update ideas about action addition of groups of objects;
4. clarify children's idea of action sign addition«+» ;
5. form notion of commutative property additions;
6. consolidate ideas about action additions and its notation with the sign «+» .
Development tasks:
Create conditions for the development of logical thinking, ingenuity, attention.
Promote formation mental operations, the development of speech, the ability to argue their statements.
Educational tasks:
To cultivate independence, the ability to understand the educational task and perform it independently.
Cultivate interest in math lessons.
Methods and materials:
Practical: game, physical minute, drawing (draw and color, actions with posters.
Visual: looking at a poster, using illustrations.
verbal: teacher's story, conversation, dialogue, indication, questions.
Game: use of surprise moments.
Encouragement, analysis lessons.
Material and equipment:
Posters, pencils, workbooks.
Lesson progress:
1. Entry into the game situation.
The teacher puts the children at the tables and tells that today we will play. To do this, we need to split into teams: 1st row is one team, 2nd row is the second team.
So guys, this morning I found a letter on the table that is addressed to children. senior group. Let's open it up and see what's inside. Oh, there's a letter. I wonder who it's from? Let's read it and everything will become clear to us. Dear guys, this is a letter from the girl Tanya and the boy Vanya, they ask us to help them.
Guys, can we help Tanya and Vanya? (Yes)
That's what happened to them, mom asked Tanya and Vanya to go with her to the forest for mushrooms. While mom was getting ready, Tanya and Vanya started a game of tag.
Do you think the kids did the right thing? (No)
Why do you think so? (because you shouldn't play mobile games at home) games)
1st task:
The teacher says that during games Tanya and Vanya dropped their mother's favorite vase and broke it.
Let's fix this, guys.
How can I do that? (you can glue the vase)
Would you like to help Tanya and Vanya glue the vase together? (Yes)
The teacher says that the vase has broken into 2 parts, and offers the children make a vase in 2 pieces. One person from each team must stack one vase.
After the children complete the task, the teacher asks question:
How many pieces was the vase broken into? (for 2 parts)
What did you do to make the vase whole? (we put together parts)
What is larger - a whole vase or any part of it? (a whole vase is larger than any part of it)
The teacher says that after the children glued the vase, Tanya and Vanya went to the forest with their mother. Tanya found 3 mushrooms in the forest, and Vanya found 2 mushrooms. Before going home, Tanya and Vanya decided put mushrooms in mother's bag.
The teacher puts the mushrooms in the third bag and brings total: parts (points to small bags) folded united, united into a whole (points to the big bag).
2nd task:
How many mushrooms did Tanya find?
A child comes out of team 1 and attaches 3 mushrooms to a small bag.
How many mushrooms did Vanya find?
A child comes out of the second team and attaches 2 mushrooms to another small bag.
What did Tanya and Vanya do then? (put everything in my mother's package)
The teacher clarifies: find parts folded into one.
The teacher tells that in order to show addition, it is not necessary to pour the parts together - you can put an icon between the parts, which indicates that the parts are folded.
Which icon shows which parts folded(+)
3rd task:
Now guys, let's get some rest.
Get up from the tables.
We are waiting for a physical minute!
Get up quickly, smile
Higher, higher stretch
Come on, straighten your shoulders
Raise, lower
Left, turn right
Touch the floor with the handles
Sit, get up, sit down, get up
And they jumped in place.
4th task:
Tanya ate 4 small apples, and then one large apple. Vanya ate one big apple, and then 4 small apples. But it seemed to Tanya that Vanya ate more apples and they quarreled. Guys, let's help Tanya and Vanya, and count how many apples each of them ate in total, for this we need to solve an example and attach as many apples as they ate.
1. 4 apples + 1 apple = 5 apples,
2. 1 apple + 4 apples = 5 apples.
So, they ate 5 apples each and they have nothing to quarrel about. Now they have reconciled and thank you guys for your help.
Conclusion: if at addition swap the parts, the whole does not change.
5th task:
This time, Tanya and Vanya were reading a book and saw that the author of the book had made a mistake.
Can you guys fix the bug? (Yes)
The teacher invites one person from each team and explains the task.
On the poster, a group of pictures, determine who or what is superfluous?
1. chicken
2. bell
Well done guys, you did great.
6th task:
And I read the following exercise:
The teacher invites one person from each team and explains the task.
On the poster, a group of pictures must be given a common name for these pictures. Tanya and Vanya find it difficult, help them guys.
1. insects
2. trees
Well done guys, you got the job done.
7th task:
Let's see what next task Tanya and Vanya have prepared for us?
The teacher invites one person from each team and explains the task.
The next task is called: "Draw and color".
Well done, this task did not cause any difficulties for you either.
Guys, you have completed all the tasks. Tanya and Vanya are very grateful to you for your help. Guys, did you like our occupation?
Today all the children worked well, but they were especially active...
And Tanya and Vanya, in gratitude to you for your help, left this chest. Shall we look into it?
Look, these are sweet treats!
Subject: Addition.
Target:
- to form an idea of addition as a union of groups of objects, of adding addition using the + sign;
- to form the experience of independently overcoming difficulties under the guidance of a teacher on the basis of a reflexive method, the experience of self-control, to consolidate the method of action “if I don’t know something, I’ll think of it myself, and then I’ll check myself according to the textbook”;
- to train the ability to identify and name the properties of objects, the ability to compare objects by properties;
- train mental operations - analysis, comparison, generalization, abstraction, develop attention, memory, speech, imagination, logical thinking, initiative, Creative skills, communicative qualities, fine motor skills hands
Materials for the lesson
Demo:
- 3 transparent plastic bags.
- Models of apples and pears.
- Worksheet for the work of the educator for task 3.1.
- Cards for the designation of wagons for task 5.1.
- Sample task 5.2(a).
- Sample task 5.2 (b).
Dispensing:
- Broken vase game (1 vase for each child). All vases are the same, cut differently.
- Worksheet for task 3.1.
- Ticket cards for boarding the tram for task 5.1.
Lesson progress
1. Introduction to the game situation.
Didactic tasks: to motivate children to be included in game activities, to update children's knowledge about the world around them, to develop speech.
Children sit on chairs.
The teacher gathers the children around him and says that mother asked Tanya and Vanya to go to the store with her. While mom was getting ready, Tanya and Vanya started a game of tag.
Do you think the kids did the right thing?
What games can not be played at home?
Why?
The teacher says that during the game, Tanya and Vanya dropped their mother's favorite vase and broke it.
The teacher invites the children to correct the situation.
How can I do that? (You can glue the vase.)
Do you want to help Tanya and Vanya glue the vase together?
Can you do it?
2. Updating knowledge
2.1. Broken vase game.
Didactic tasks:
- To update the idea of the whole and its parts, the relationship between them, the ability to make a whole out of parts;
- Train mental operations - analysis and comparison, develop attention, speech, communication skills.
Children of 4-6 people approach the table, on which there are images of vases cut into two parts (for each). All parts are mixed.
The teacher says that the vase has broken into 2 parts, and offers to help Tanya and Vanya fold the vase in two parts. Each child must fold one vase.
After all the children have completed the task, the teacher asks the question:
How many pieces was the vase broken into? (For 2 parts.)
Show one part, another part.
What did you do to make the vase whole? (We put the pieces together.)
What is larger - a whole vase or any part of it? (A whole vase is larger than any part of it.)
2.2. The game "In the store."
Didactic tasks:
- Update ideas about the action of adding groups of objects;
- Train mental operations - analysis and comparison, develop memory, speech, imagination.
Children sit on a chair on the carpet. The teacher invites one of the girls to become Tanya for a while, and one of the boys - Vanya. The teacher gives these children a transparent plastic bag. The teacher will be a mother, who will also have a package.
The teacher says that after the children glued the vase together, they went to the store with their mother. Mom bought Tanya a pear (the teacher puts a pear in Tanya's bag). Vanya's mother bought an apple (the teacher puts an apple in Vanya's bag). Mom didn't buy anything for herself.
What parts did the whole purchase consist of? (One part is an apple, the other part is a pear.)
Near the house, the children met their father, who came home from work early to go to the zoo with the children.
Do you think it's ok for children to bring freshly bought fruit with them?
If the children answer in the affirmative, you need to ask them if it is possible to eat with dirty hands, is it possible to eat unwashed fruits?
Children can offer to feed animals in the zoo with these fruits.
What is written on the cages in the zoo? (Feeding the animals is prohibited.)
Why do you think this can't be done?
Tanya and Vanya decided to put the fruits in their mother's bag and go to the zoo with their bags.
The teacher puts the fruits in the third bag and brings result: parts (points to small bags) folded , connected, combined into a whole (points to a large bag).
3. Difficulty in a game situation.
- Game letter to grandma.
Didactic tasks:
- Clarify children's ideas about the action of addition and create a motivational situation for writing addition using the + sign;
- To form an experience under the guidance of an educator of fixing the difficulty, understanding its causes and goal-setting experience;
- Develop attention, imagination, logical thinking, speech.
Children sit at the tables and work on the sheet for task 3.1.
The teacher says that the brother and sister want to write to their grandmother and tell them what they bought in the store and how they then put everything in their mother's bag.
What did mom buy Tanya? (Pear.)
Draw a yellow apple in one small bag.
What did mom buy Vanya? (Apple.)
Draw a green triangle in another small bag.
What did the children do next? (They put everything in my mother's bag.)
The teacher clarifies: parts of the purchase folded, united into one.
The teacher says that in order to show addition, it is not necessary to pour the parts together - you can put an icon between the parts that tells you that the parts are folded.
What sign can we write?
We must bring them to the fact that we do not know how the sign of addition is written.
What will we do if we don't know something? (You can ask someone who knows.)
4. Discovery of new knowledge.
4.1. The game "Letter to Grandma" (continued).
Didactic tasks:
- Clarify the meaning of addition and introduce the notation of addition using the + sign;
- Train self-control skills, mental operations - analysis, comparison, generalization, develop imagination, logical thinking, initiative, creativity, speech, fine motor skills of hands.
Who knows this sign?
After the children's answers, the teacher writes a + sign on the board between small bags and says that the addition action is indicated by such a sign. Children write the + sign in their notebooks.
What turned out to be in mom's big bag after the children put the parts of the purchase there? (Apple and pear.)
Draw an apple and a pear in a big bag.
Children draw in their notebooks, the teacher - on the blackboard.
The teacher draws the attention of the children to two small bags with a sign between them and to a large bag.
In the first case, we put the parts together and got the whole with the help of a sign, and in the second case, we put the parts in one package and also got the whole.
We got two integers.
Do you think these integers are equal? (Equal.)
Why do you think so? (Because two small bags contain an apple and a pear, and one large bag contains the same apple and pear.)
How can this be checked? (Hold magic strings.)
What sign can be put between the small bags and the big one? (Sign =.)
The teacher writes an equal sign on the board, the children write in notebooks.
Show parts of the purchase.
Show the whole purchase.
The caregiver does conclusion :
- The plus sign says that the parts (points to small bags) folded, connected, combined into a whole (points to a large bag);
- The equal sign indicates that two parts added together equal the whole.
5.Inclusion of new knowledge in the child's knowledge system.
5.1. Game "Tram".
Didactic tasks:
- To consolidate ideas about the action of addition and its recording using the + sign;
- Train mental operations - analysis and comparison, develop attention, imagination.
The teacher invites the children to go to other stores with Tanya and Vanya.
What can you drive around the city?
Children list city transport. Take, for example, the tram.
In order to get on the right tram, each child receives a card on which two bags are drawn with geometric shapes and the + sign between them. Each bag should contain one figure.
The teacher distributes tickets to the children.
On the chairs, standing in different places of the group, there are cards with large bags with geometric shapes drawn on them. Each child must complete the addition and go to the "tram" on which the corresponding number is located, that is, the result of the addition.
The task is checked individually for each child. Ticket cards are taken from children.
We've arrived. Our stop.
5.2. Work in a notebook.
Didactic tasks:
- To consolidate ideas about the action of addition and its recording, to train the ability to add groups of objects and write it down using the + sign;
- Train self-control skills, mental operations - analysis and comparison, develop attention, memory, speech, fine motor skills of hands.
No. 1. Children sit at the tables. The teacher offers to consider the task.
What store did the brother and sister go to? (To the bakery.)
What did Tanya bring from the bakery? (3 bagels.)
Is it the whole purchase or part of it? (Part.)
What was Vanya carrying? (Baton is the other part.)
The teacher asks the children to complete the addition.
What sign was placed between the bags so that it was clear that bagels and a loaf should be folded? (+ sign.)
How will you do the addition?
The children, together with the teacher, say: first, in a large bag, I will draw the first part, that is, 3 circles, then the second part, that is, 1 oval.
How to check if the addition is correct? (You need to draw magic strings.)
What sign should be placed between the small bags and the big bag? (Sign =.)
The children check the correctness of the task according to the model that the teacher sets.
№2.
Sometimes the goats wanted the same dinner, sometimes, like this time, everyone dreamed of their own dinner.
What does the goat on the left want for lunch? (Watermelon and yellow apple.)
What does the goat on the right want for lunch? (Melon and red apple.)
What should you do to find out what you need to bring to your brother goats for dinner? (It is necessary to add both parts of the dinner.)
Children do the addition on their own.
6. The result of the lesson.
Didactic tasks: conduct a reflection of the activity in the lesson.
The teacher gathers the children around him.
Where have you been today?
What did you do that was useful?
What new knowledge gave you the opportunity to write a letter to your grandmother, get on the right tram, feed the goats?
The teacher helps the children formulate the answer: because we have learned to add groups of objects.
Aisha Kurbanova
Abstract of a lesson in mathematics in the senior group "Addition"
Target: Form an idea of addition as a union groups of objects. Get to know the sign «+» ; To consolidate knowledge of the properties of objects.
Tasks:
Formation of learning motivation, focused on the satisfaction of cognitive interests, the joy of creativity;
Improve problem solving skills addition;
Improve knowledge of geometric shapes and the shape of the color of objects;
Develop mental operations, attention, the ability to navigate in space;
To develop curiosity, a friendly attitude towards each other, mutual assistance, self-esteem skills.
Integration of educational regions: cognitive, speech, artistic - aesthetic, physical, social - communicative.
Material for the lesson:
Demonstration - pictures of birds, cats, hares, squirrels, nuts, geometric shapes (two sets, each with 1 yellow rectangle and 3 red circles, 3 orange triangles, 2 white ovals, 2 brown circles). Models "bags", cards with a sign «+» and «=» .
Handout - a set of pictures, cards with a sign "+ and =", geometric shapes, models of three "bags", are made from album sheet.
Lesson progress:
caregiver: Guys, when I went to the kindergarten I met a doll Masha. She was very sad and asked to visit us. Do you know how inquisitive she is? Her fairy friends asked her a riddle, but she does not know the answer and ask you for help. Well, can you help Masha?
Children: Let's help.
caregiver: Now I will read you a riddle, listen carefully and answer.
Add plus numbers
And then we count the answer.
If a "a plus", then, without a doubt,
This action ... (children - « addition» ) - slide 1
Today the theme of our lessons« addition» . If you guess the riddle, then you will know what sign is expressed addition.
And this one "cross" each knows:
He helps add up the numbers..
Every little one will answer
What is this sign called? (children: a plus)- slide 2
caregiver: Guys, Masha, together with you, wants to know what addition.
Do you want me to tell you a story?
There lived a sparrow in the yard. - slide 3.
He liked to sit on the mountain ash in the morning and wait for the children to bring him crumbs. - slide 4.
One morning he flew to the mountain ash and sees: such guests are sitting there. -slide 5. - three bullfinches
Who is it?
Children: Bullfinches.
They flew in from the forest and are pecking at the mountain ash. got angry sparrow: « “Why are you eating my mountain ash?” And bullfinches they say: “Do not drive us sparrow. It’s hungry in the forest, it’s cold, all the mountain ash has already been eaten, let us feed here, otherwise we will die.” The sparrow did not become greedy. “Okay, eat,” he says, “and the children from the kindergarten will bring me bread crumbs”. And so they remained together on the mountain ash.
How many bullfinches are on the mountain ash? (children - three)
How many sparrows? (children alone)
How can you call a sparrow and bullfinches in one word? (children are birds).
How many birds are on the tree? (children's answers - 4)
How did you know (folded)
Well done, right! Addition marked with a plus sign (show).
See how many birds are sitting on a branch. What happened as a result additions? (1 sparrow and 3 bullfinches - 4 birds in total)
Handling material.
caregiver: You have bag models and geometric shapes on your tables (2 sets each with 1 rectangle and 3 circles, cards with signs «+» and «=» . Put 1 rectangle in the 1st bag and 3 circles in the second. On the board, all actions are duplicated.
Check what is in the 1st bag? (1 rectangle)
What is in the second bag? (3 mugs)
- Fold up all these figures in a common big bag. What happened? (1 rectangle and 3 circles)
What have we done with the figurines?
Children: collected, folded, combined them into a common large bag.
caregiver: That's right, we combined both parts of the first and second bag into one whole, folded.
Let's remember everything from the beginning again.
What was in the first bag? (one rectangle) is the first part.
What was in the second bag? (three circles) is the second part.
What happened next? (all figures combined, folded) . We folded two parts and got a whole. To show addition, it is not necessary to pour all the figures together, you can put a sign between the parts «+» .
A picture appears on the board on the tables of the children
We received two amounts. Are they equal? (on the left 1 rectangle and 3 circles, and on the right 1 rectangle and 3 circles. The sums are equal).
What sign can we put between them? (sign «=» ).
And now you guys are tired, let's do it physical education minute:
Physical education minute:
We went to the forest clearing,
Raising your legs higher
Through bushes and hummocks,
Through branches and stumps.
For a long time we walked
Our legs are tired.
Now let's sit down and rest
And then we'll go for a walk.
Now let's play and solve fun puzzles.
First task: Three playful red cats
Sat next to the window
Here two cats ran up
How many cats have become together? (children - five).
caregiver: How did you know (children folded)
Well done, right! Addition which symbol is indicated (children plus).
Slide 6. - Look how many cats sat next to the window. What happened as a result additions? (children had 3 cats and 2 ran up - there were 5 cats in total). That's right folks.
And now we solve the rest of the tasks on our own. You have geometric shapes and models of bags on your tables. I will now read the problem to you, and you carefully listen and do. What geometric shapes can we replace nuts with? (children - in yellow circles, and squirrels (in orange triangles, rabbits (white ovals, cubs (brown circles).
Second task: I found in the hollow of a squirrel
Five small hazelnuts
Here lies one more
Well, a squirrel! Here is the mistress
You count the nuts - ka!
caregiver: Well, what did you get.
Children: We folded two parts and got one whole - six nuts. - slide 7
caregiver: That's right, now you know how you can get one whole.
Third task: That conceived hedgehog friends
Anniversary invitation.
Invited two cubs
Two hares and three squirrels
Count quickly
How many guests does the hedgehog have?
Children: We folded three parts and received one whole - seven guests. -
Well done guys, you did a great job.
Outcome:
What have we been doing today?
Did you like it? (Yes)
Our guest loved it too. She says thank you very much!
What action did we perform with geometric shapes? (addition) What sign shows that we have united different parts into a whole? (+ sign). Thanks guys, you are all great!
Related publications:
Synopsis of a comprehensive GCD in mathematics for the senior group of preschool educational institutions. Theme "In a fairy tale with Aunt Goat" Municipal Autonomous educational institution the city of Rostov-on-Don "School No. 30" (preschool level) ABSTRACT.
Synopsis of a circle lesson in the preparatory group "Compiling and solving arithmetic problems for addition and subtraction." Purpose: the formation of the ability to compose and solve arithmetic problems for addition and subtraction. Tasks: - Strengthen quantitative skills.
Abstract of a lesson in mathematics for children of the senior group based on the fairy tale "Teremok" PROGRAM CONTENT: 1. Fix the quantitative and ordinal account, ordinal numbers. 2. Compare objects by size. 3. Fasten.
Abstract of a lesson in mathematics for the senior group "Introduction to the number 10" Target. - introduce children to the number 10, teach it to write down; - consolidate knowledge of numbers within 10? -Continue to learn to navigate according to the plan.
In order for a child whose age is 6 years old to develop himself in the field of mathematics, it is necessary for him to properly prepare the task. Here it would be nice to know the temperament of the child and feel his character. You should also be prepared for the fact that it is necessary to start teaching your child from the very beginning. It is desirable that a 6-year-old kid already learns to count up to 20. And he can solve simple mathematical tasks with numbers up to 10. You also need to develop a child in understanding the calculations "addition", "subtraction", "greater-less-equals". By the age of 7, children can already count and compare tens. You can check the knowledge of your child and expand his mathematical knowledge at home, here are examples of tasks in pictures for children of 6 years old in mathematics.
Learning to count
Correct score: ask the child how many football, basketball, handball, tennis balls are in the picture. And if the son or daughter does not know some kind of sport, be sure to tell and find pictures on this topic. Expand your horizons.
Count up to 20: count from 1 to 20. Say each number out loud and point with your finger to find out where the magic path leads. See what number comes after 12? And which one comes before 17? What numbers are between 13 and 16, 17 and 19?
Explain that a number, when written down, can have one digit ( single digit), or maybe two digits (a two-digit number). To learn how to count quickly, you need to learn the names of numbers from 1 to 20 and the names of tens. And in the future, just add to the tens, the numbers already familiar to you from 1 to 9.
It is important, when teaching a child to count up to 30 and beyond, pay attention and correctly name the previous and subsequent numbers in a row.
Count up to 30: count, moving your finger, from 1 to 30. Look, what number is after 20? What number comes before 28?
Learning tens: when there are few items, we can count them one by one 1-10. But if there are a lot of objects, it is more convenient to count them in tens, which means combining them into groups of 10. If there are 10 apples in a pile, this is 1 dozen, and if 2 times 10 apples, that is, 20 apples, this is 2 tens.
More, less, equal
Look at the picture and answer the questions: how many girls are in the class? how many boys? Who has more, boys or girls? How many people are there in the class (including the teacher)? How many students hung backpacks on the back of a chair? How many chairs do you see in the picture? Which is more, chairs or backpacks?
Solving problems and examples
simple addition examples in pictures
If your 6 summer child easily copes with these tasks, gradually complicate the tasks. Try to subtract.
Examples in mathematics for children 6 years old
We learn to write addition and subtraction examples and develop logical thinking and graphic skills. Sample cards can be printed.
Tasks for smart people
Solve the examples, look where the boy Petya made a mistake, find the wrong answers 
The first tasks for those children who have never encountered mathematical problems before in their lives should be given gradually. If your baby does not even know the numbers, start classes with tasks for children 3-5 years old. And you need to start with the most elementary examples. This can be addition and subtraction within 5. Counting sticks are perfect for this purpose. It is necessary to present the principle of addition and subtraction in such a way that he can understand the basic essence of any mathematical operations.
However, before that, it is very important to teach the baby to count at least up to 10. If he has not yet mastered this, then it is too early for him to prepare any tasks in mathematics.
In order for children to learn to count well, as well as subtract and add, you can prepare thematic posters that colorfully depict any objects that are close to their perception. For boys, cars, toy soldiers, airplanes can act as such items, for girls - dolls, items from dishes, dolls or other things with which they often play.
The task for children whose age does not exceed 6 years must be built very carefully. Here, in addition to studying the mathematical foundations, the game form of assimilation of the material should also be traced. After all, if the tasks in mathematics are chosen for them dryly and uninterestingly, for small children, given their restlessness, it will be very difficult to master the necessary information.
Creative approach from adults when compiling math problems for the smallest members of the family, there can be pictures that depict their children's favorite cartoon characters. It is in this way that a child can be interested in a math lesson and create an additional incentive for him to comprehend the basics of addition or subtraction. For example, if the picture shows the famous characters from the cartoon Chip and Dale. And so, through the poster, they ask the children a task: how much will 2 apples that Chip has add up with 3 apples that Dale has? And the children begin to think in order to help their favorite characters solve the dilemma that has arisen.
Of course, in order to correctly compose a task for children whose age is 6 years old, you need to be not only ingenious, but also be creative in this issue. But at the same time, do not forget that teaching the basics of mathematics to a child is not an easy task, requiring a lot of diligence and patience from an adult!
