Eurasia is rightfully recognized as a continent that can be included in the top "most-most". It is the largest in area, there is the highest mountain peak, in addition, the mainland is inhabited by a third of the world's population. Eurasia is rich in its history, and its earth's surface contains a large number of countries and nationalities. In other words, the most interesting continent, about which we will tell the most informative facts and details.

About Eurasia, we can say with accuracy that almost everything is here. Everything that was not in this territory was eventually brought and propagated. The fact is that Eurasia is located in absolutely all climatic zones, there are all types of climate, from warm equatorial to harsh and cold arctic, which is mostly concentrated in the north of the continent. Also here is big variety animal and plant world.

The main continental part of Eurasia lies in the northern hemisphere, and in the southern part of the Earth there are island land areas. Since this continent is the largest, it also has the largest number of irregularities: mountains, depressions, indented coastline. This is especially true in the southeast. It would seem that Eurasia is connected to the African continent. In fact, this is not so, they are separated by the Suez Canal. Therefore, Eurasia is a separate continent. The territory of Eurasia is amazing, it is filled with lakes, seas, rivers, while the entire continent is washed by all 4 oceans.

Description of the climate of Eurasia according to the plan Grade 7

Due to the fact that the territory of Eurasia extends immediately in all climatic zones, the climate here will be the most diverse. The mainland is distinguished by the fact that it is not crossed by the equator (only the island part), while the following climatic zones are assigned to it:

Most of the mainland is in the temperate climate zone. A temperate continental climate dominates here with an average temperature in July of + 25 Cº, in winter, in January, the thermometer can drop to -19 Cº. In some regions located in the Far North, the temperature can reach -63 Cº.

The temperature on the continent varies from north to south. The northern tip of Eurasia is mostly located in the arctic and subarctic climatic zone. Basically, the climate of the mainland corresponds to the conventionally designated zoning, but in the mountains the situation is changing. The climate is also changing in the south and southeast of Asia, the coming monsoons from indian ocean change the weather, resulting in a large amount of precipitation.

In general, 4 types of air currents hang over the territory of Eurasia. At the same time, the mountain height serves as a kind of boundary between the flows of cold or warm masses, dry or wet. Arctic masses form over the arctic and subarctic belts, moderate masses form over most of Eurasia in the temperate zone, and, accordingly, tropical and equatorial masses.

If we compare the boundaries of the relief and the climatic zone, then we can say that in the northern part of the Himalayan mountains, the amount of precipitation reaches a level of 80-100 mm, while in the east of the Himalayas it is 10,000 mm and higher. The picture is the same with the Alps, they give a warm winter to the countries that stretch along the Mediterranean Sea, and leave cold streams for Central Europe where winters are colder.

Description of the population of Eurasia

Europe is very heterogeneous in its composition. It is filled with both the largest powers: Russia, China, India, and very tiny states, which in size occupy an area no larger than an average city, for example, the Vatican or Andorra. But, despite all this, Europe with an area of ​​10.18 million km2 accommodates about 741 million people on its territory. Conventionally, Eurasia is divided into 2 parts Europe and Asia, but it is Asia that stands out for its population density. Analysts in many countries of the world have revealed that the European birth rate has decreased several times, while the Asian one is growing every year.

Representatives of three races are expressed in Eurasia - Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Ethiopian. The southeast of the continent is considered the most densely populated. If the average population density in Eurasia is 93-94 people (per 1 sq. km), in China (160 people / 1 sq. km) the density is increased by almost 2 times, in Indonesia by 1.5 times (125 people / 1 sq. km). 1 sq. km).

According to the nationalities on the continent, the Slavic group is distinguished (Russians, Moravians, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Czechs, Belarusians, Croats), the German group (Germans, Swedes, Norwegians, British), Chinese (peoples East Asia), Arabic, Indo-Iranian, Sino-Tibetan, as well as the peoples of Japan and Korea.

Description of northern Eurasia

Northern Eurasia is spread out on the shores of the cold Arctic Ocean. Three climatic zones are concentrated on this territory: arctic, subarctic and temperate. The Arctic is the most severe and brings cold air masses, as a result, this influence cannot be ignored. The temperature throughout the year here does not rise above 0 Cº, winter drags on for almost 12 months. The average temperature is -40 Cº.

In the subarctic zone, the picture is much more rosy. There is a short summer here, almost without precipitation, but with abundant winds and a temperature of +12 Cº. The rest of the year is occupied by winters, with little precipitation. Another part of northern Eurasia captures the temperate zone, where all 4 seasons appear with a mild temperature transition and precipitation. The warmest winters here are in the western European part, this is due to the flow of the Atlantic masses.

The diversity of nature begins in the tundra and taiga. The habitat of animals, just like the distribution of vegetation, depends on the person and the specifics of the climate. For example, deer, arctic foxes, foxes, white hares, tundra partridges are common in the tundra. Moving further to the Arctic, only polar bears, seals, fur seals, some birds, most of which are nomadic, are encountered.

Northern Eurasia with a temperate climate accommodates a more diverse flora and fauna. The temperature is conducive to the habitation of wolves, wolverines, foxes, saigas, hares, deer, bears (brown), elks and some other animals that are also found in the middle lane. Birds include hazel grouse, black grouse, woodpeckers, swallows, falcons, etc.

Northern Eurasia is considered the most sparsely populated after the northeast. Mostly in these areas they are engaged in fishing, forestry and mining. The north of the continent is filled with oil, gas, various ore deposits, gold and diamond reserves. A lot of oil and gas processing enterprises, metal and stone processing enterprises are concentrated in the northern territory.

Description of the Eurasian River

Eurasia is more than other continents filled with the waters of rivers, lakes and even seas. The longest river on the continent, the Yangtze, flows through its territory. And the most full-flowing is the Ganges, if you look down the map, we will see that it connects with the Brahmaputra - the most little-studied river. Nevertheless, it is an important artery of Asia. The rivers Indus, Ayeyarwaddy, Mekong, Solween are located nearby, literally parallel to each other, they carry their waters into the oceans. With them, the Amur, the Huang He, the Tigris, and the Euphrates rush to the large harbor.

Many rivers are concentrated in Northern Eurasia on the territory of Russia, flowing into the Arctic Ocean: Yenisei, Kolyma, Indigirka, Yana, Olenyok, Khatanga, Ob. There are other small rivers flowing into large waters, but the greatest rivers of Russia are: the Lena - as the longest river, the Yenisei - is famous for its full flow, the Ob - forms many small rivers and eventually ends with the widest and most overflowing outlet to the ocean, the Ural is a river , which serves as a separator between the European and Asian parts of Eurasia.

There are many other rivers in Eurasia, which can also be noted by their full flow, length, sinuosity, for example, the Dnieper, Seine, Rhine, Danube. The Volga is considered the longest river in modern Europe, and the Oder crosses the Central European Plain. Rivers with internal flows are also important, most of them are used for irrigation, and some are even on the verge of extinction.

Description of the relief of Eurasia

Scientists have established that Eurasia was formed as a result of the convergence of several lithospheric platforms. As a result of the connection of the Russian, Siberian, Chinese, Arabian and Indian plates, a folded continent was formed. In places of its convergence, mountains, volcanoes and hills were formed. However, the lithospheric movement was accompanied not only by the protrusion of the bowels to the surface, but during seismic activity, faults were formed. Currently, these are depressions, rivers, seas, lakes and detached islands.

Eurasia pretty high mainland, its average height is 835-840 m above sea level. At the same time, the highest mountain range, the Himalayan Range, is concentrated on it, which makes the core of the mainland even higher. There are many other mountain elevations here, as a rule, between the mountains there is a highland or plateau. The most famous Central Siberian, Dean, Iranian, plateau. Among the large-scale plains are East European, Central European, West Siberian.

Distributed in Eurasia and deserts, one of the largest is the Rub al-Khali desert. It covers several countries with sands (Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and UAE). The deserts of the Karakum and Kyzyl Kum are located in Central Asia. The Gobi and Takla Makan deserts lie between the Tien Shan and Tibetan mountains. There is also a Kazakh upland not far from Balkhash, it is an ancient mountain destruction. Once there were mountains, now only small elevations remain of them - the Kokchetav Upland, the Karkaraly Mountains.

The western side is notable for its homogeneity, but even here there are irregularities - the Alpine mountains that cross several countries, the volcanoes of Italy, the Turkish mountains. By the way, volcanoes are also found in Japan, on the island of Sumatra, in South-East Asia. Some of them are extinct, not showing themselves for several decades.

Deserts of Eurasia description

Surprisingly, all the deserts of Eurasia are concentrated in the Asian part of the mainland. It turns out that it was there that they dominated unfavourable conditions for all living things, resulting in sandy and rocky dunes.

Arabian deserts

The Arabian deserts smoothly flow from one large desert to a smaller one and eventually form as many as 5 deserts:

• Rub al Khali - consists of sand lying on top of gypsum / gravel deposits, the hottest and driest desert of Eurasia;
• Big Nefud- red sand desert strong winds. Known for the fact that in some of its parts there is still life-giving moisture. In these same places, certain crops are grown in the form of vegetables and fruits;

• Dehnu- sandy-stony desert, which lies in a mountain hollow;
• Nefud-Dakhi- central desert. The sand dunes are inhabited by some Bedouin tribes;
• Al Hasa- a desert filled with sand and only one oasis of Ratif.

Mongolian deserts

The world-famous Gobi desert is located in the mountains of Mongolia. It is divided into several parts and is the separator between northern and southern Asia. Conventionally, the daughter deserts were named due to the adjacent territories. For example, a part of the desert adjacent to the Altai Mountains was called the Trans-Altai, a part near Mongolia was called the Mongolian Gobi. In addition to these, the five deserts include the Alashan Gobi, the Gashun Gobi and the Dzungarian Gobi.

The rest of the deserts of Eurasia are located in different parts of the mainland one by one. They have no nearby counterparts, but have their own history and differentiated composition:

• Karakum and Kyzylkum Both deserts are in Turkmenistan. Only Kyzylkum goes to the territories of neighboring Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan;
• Takla Makan, Tsaidam, Ordos the deserts of China. They differ in their composition: Takla-Makan - sandy; Tsaidam - saline-sandy; Ordos - sandy-clayey;
• Tar, Thal- sandy deserts originating in India. Tar simultaneously captures the territory of Pakistan;

• Syrian desert - is called the Greater Desert. Consists of sand and stones and stretches for more than 1 million km. It lies on the territory of Syria, Jordan and Iraq;
• Dashti-Margo- located in Afghanistan, translated as the valley of death. It lies in the river valley, among its sandy section there are clay and stony rocks;
• Badgers Large and small - are located on the territory of Kazakhstan in the northern part of the Aral Sea;
• Judaean Desert - the most mythical and popular among pilgrims. Located in Israel, west of the Dead Sea. Many researchers believe that reservoirs lie under this desert, which let hundreds of millions of cubic meters of water pass through them.

Description of the natural zone of Eurasia taiga

The taiga is located on the border with the tundra and is not distinguished by the abundance of flora and fauna. Its nature is devoid of biological diversity; in conditions of severe cold and high humidity, only certain plants adapted to acidic soils can survive. Pine, cedar, alder, birch, larch and some types of poplars are common in the taiga. boreal forests quite thick, their peculiarity lies in the fact that in most trees the seeds ripen in cones, hiding from the cold and excessive moisture.

Taiga forests can be called impenetrable. On the one hand, the difficulty lies in dense and high forests, on the other hand, in swamps. The taiga area is simply overflowing with water, small rivers, swamps and swamps literally ooze from it. However, animals and insects have long adapted to low temperatures and moisture.

Wolves, lynxes, foxes, tigers, bears, desmans, sables, ermines, chipmunks are found in the taiga, and the largest taiga animal is the elk. It feeds on the "lower" green layer of vegetation - mosses and lichens, which are more than enough here due to the specific environment.

Brief description of the nature of Eurasia

In general, the vegetation of Eurasia is the richest on the planet, there are all types of forests: deciduous, broad-leaved, eucalyptus, etc. There is practically no piece of land on the continent that is not covered with greenery, with the exception of deserts. And then, sometimes there are thorns, feather grass. Starting from the lower grass layer, the soil is covered with a layer of grass or mosses, then low-growing plants or shrubs grow, and multi-tiered tree species grow higher. This order of growth is established in the subtropical, tropical, subequatorial and temperate climatic zones.

The seas, rivers and lakes of Eurasia are filled with fish, waterfowl, among which there are commercial species. Among them are chum salmon, sturgeon, beluga, kaluga, coho salmon, trout, salmon, flounder, etc. As for the animal world, the tiger is considered the most dangerous Eurasian representative. Behind him are several varieties of bears, wolverines, lynxes. Fields and forests are inhabited by many species of rodents, and many birds also live on the territory of Eurasia.
The Central European part and southern Eurasia are the most favorable for the cultivation of agricultural crops, the south of Asia is famous for the market of fruits and spices. In other words, regardless of climatic conditions, animals and plants have learned to adapt to their environment.

Description of the subtropical belt of Eurasia

The subtropical belt of Eurasia is very specific in its content. This is explained by the fact that the belt is lined with different areas: mountains are replaced by plains, lowlands go into the seas. The climate of the subtropics is very diverse because of this. However, there are two typical seasons - winter and summer. From the west, the mainland is affected by the Atlantic cyclone, and from the south by African warm air currents. Because of this, the Mediterranean has hot and dry summers and rainy warm winters.

The middle continental part is characterized by aridity and a cold winter period. The warm Indian monsoon blows from the south in summer, the islands and land are in excess of precipitation (more than 3000 mm). In winter, the climate changes, the influence is exerted by the eastern part of the subtropical belt. From there come the monsoons, which flood the continent with rain and cold winds.

Description of the temperate climatic zone of Eurasia

In Eurasia, the temperate climatic zone is considered the widest and longest. It stretches immediately between the 40th and 65th parallels. Here the distinction between all seasons is expressed. In summer there is a high sun, the air temperature is always positive, in autumn and winter the thermometer drops lower than in summer, and in winter in all regions of the temperate zone it snows and the temperature drops below 0 degrees.

The relief of the continent in the temperate zone is mixed, so there is a variation in temperatures in the same season. For example, Atlantic air masses bring warm temperatures from the west, resulting in warmer winters in Europe than in central and eastern Eurasia.

Description of the tropical belt of Eurasia

The tropical belt captures a small part of Eurasia. For this, it is considered unique on the mainland. This territory includes Arabian Peninsula and adjacent countries of Mesopotamia. in the tropics all year round warm. Continental-tropical air currents move above them.

The wet streams of the Indian Ocean cannot reach this part of the continent because of the mountains bordering the Arabian Peninsula, so here are the largest deserts on Earth, where heat and drought reign all year round. Most of the year it is dominated by summer with temperatures above 35º C (July). During the summer period, temperatures around 60º C were recorded in Riyadh. Precipitation in these places is very rare. Tropical winter takes place with average temperatures of 12-16º C in January.

Lakes of Eurasia

Most of the lakes of Eurasia are recognized as exceptional. Some of them amaze with their transparency, inconsistency, others have an unusual history of formation, others feed on glacial waters, and some even turned from seas into lakes. Yes, yes, unfortunately this happens, because of the drought and the harmful influence of mankind. Such a story happened with the salty Aral Lake, for a long time it was used for irrigation, as a result, the southern part of the former sea almost dried up.

The nearby Caspian Sea is also now classified as a lake. Its water level is constantly fluctuating, the maximum depth is 1025 m.
On the territory of Europe, the country of Estonia has the largest number of lakes (Chudskoye, Alesti, Kaali, Verevi, etc.). Who would have thought that in such a small country there are so many lakes. Germany and Norway are next in terms of the number of water attractions. After them Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Iceland. The most remarkable lake in Europe is Lake Como, in addition to being very deep, many world celebrities settled along it, including Madonna, Ronaldinho and others. Lake Venern (5.65 thousand km) is recognized as the freshest, and its area is the third after Lake Ladoga (17.8 thousand km) and Lake Onega (9.7 thousand km).

Central Eurasia is filled with no less number of lakes than European. Lake Onega, Ladoga, Urmia, the system of lakes Seleger, Karelia are located here. Eastern Eurasia is filled with lakes Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, Duntin, Taimyr, Khanka. But the most unsurpassed lake is Baikal. This is the deepest freshwater lake on the planet (1642 m), located in the rift basin. The beautiful waters of Lake Baikal contain many aquatic inhabitants, among which there is an unusual golomyanka fish that does not have scales, but consists of fat by a third. For remarkable processes, outstanding phenomena, beauty and significance, the lake has been on the UNESCO heritage list since December 1996.

Mountains of Eurasia

The mountains of Eurasia surpass all the elevations of the planet. Here is the highest peak of the Earth - Chomolungma. Every year it gets higher. The Ural mountain range divides the mainland into two parts: Europe and Asia. the highest mountain range The Alps are considered the European part, followed by the Carpathians, which also cover several countries.

On the territory of the largest country on the mainland of Russia, there are many mountain ranges: the Caucasus, Altai, the mountains of South Siberia, Northeast Siberia: Stanovoye highland, Verkhoyansky ridge, Stanovoy ridge. In Kamchatka, there are also hills - a chain of Klyuchevskaya volcanoes, one of the main elevated among the hills is the volcano Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

The Asian part is literally raised by mountain ranges. From the south it is framed by Sahyadri,
Yunnan-Guizhou Highlands) from the east, Eurasia is closed by the Sikhote-Alin mountains. Here is Tibet, Tien Shan. In the southeast of the continent, the Central Iranian chain of mountains, the Iranian Highlands, and the Kuhrud ridge are located. The northwest is closed by the Scandinavian mountains.

Animals of Eurasia

The territory of Eurasia is diverse in its relief, respectively, there is a wide variety of flora and fauna. The most populated are areas with a normal, affordable climate. Extreme climatic zones, similar to the Arctic and subarctic climatic zones, are devoid of animal diversity.

The fauna of the tundra is poor, deer, arctic foxes, wolves, hares, foxes, polar bears and some species of birds live here. In the taiga zone, the list of animals becomes wider, there are already moose, brown bears, lemings, ermines, sables, weasels, otters, rascomakhs, tigers, and small rodents. Among the birds in the taiga there are capercaillie, nutcrackers, Trans-Siberian owls, smurfs, woodpeckers. Also, a large number of insects live here, which literally live in clouds on every meter of wet terrain.

In the temperate zone, the number of inhabitants of the animal world becomes more meaningful (cows, bulls, sheep, rams, goats, wild boars, etc.). The inhabitants of the south and south-east of Asia are interesting. The largest land-based proboscis mammals live here - elephants, bantengs, binturongs, gaurs, camels, big cats, rhinos, chamois, tapirs, exotic birds and, of course, the most charming koalas and pandas. The latter, by the way, are listed in the Red Book. Also in Asia there are a large number of monkeys, amphibians: frogs, newts, reptiles: crocodiles, turtles, snakes and insects.

The desert zone also did not remain without its inhabitants: lizards, ground frogs, mice, chuckwells, snakes, foxes, ground squirrels, camels, gazelles, some species of birds. Even in the Namib desert, there are insect beetles that accumulate moisture on their skin at the time of fog, they feed on life-giving drops during the heat. The most dangerous arachnids on the planet, Transvaal scorpions, also live here.

Unusual plants of Eurasia

• The leader is radiant;

• Tacca Chantrier;

• Flower kadupul;

• Flycatcher flower;

• Catalpa;

• Mongolia.

And also along the straits connecting the Black and. The name Europa comes from the legend that the Phoenician king Agenor had a daughter, Europa. The almighty Zeus fell in love with her, turned into a bull and kidnapped her. He took her to the island of Crete. There Europe first set foot on the land of that part of the world, which since then bears her name. Asia - the designation of one of the provinces to the east of, the so-called Scythian tribes to the Caspian Sea (Asians, Asians).

The coastline is very indented and forms a large number of peninsulas and bays. The largest are and. The mainland is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, Arctic and. The seas they form are deepest in the east and south of the mainland. Scientists and navigators from many countries took part in the study of the mainland. The studies of P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky and N.M. .

Relief of Eurasia complicated. The mainland is much higher than the others. The Himalayan mountains are the most high mountain world - Chomolungma () with a height of 8848 m. 14 peaks of Eurasia exceed the highest peaks of other continents. Eurasia is huge and stretches for thousands of kilometers, the largest of them: East European, Indo-Gangetic, East China. Unlike other continents, the central regions of Eurasia are occupied by mountains, while the plains occupy coastal areas. In Eurasia, there is also the deepest land depression: the Dead Sea coast is located 395 meters below sea level. Such a variety of relief can only be explained historical development mainland, which is based on. It contains older sites. earth's crust- platforms to which the plains are confined, and folding zones that connected these platforms, expanding the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mainland.

On the southern borders of the Eurasian plate, where it junctions with other lithospheric plates, powerful mountain-building processes have taken place and are taking place, leading to the emergence of the highest mountain systems. This is accompanied by intense and. One of them destroyed the capital Tokyo in 1923. More than 100 thousand people died.

The relief of the mainland was also influenced by the ancient glaciation that captured the north of the mainland. It changed the surface of the earth, smoothed the peaks, left numerous moraines. Eurasia is exceptionally rich in both sedimentary and igneous origin.

Eurasia is a continent of the strongest contrasts. This is the only continent where everything is represented: from the Arctic to the equatorial. Over 1/4 of the territory in the north of the continent is occupied by about the same number - sultry deserts and semi-deserts. In Eurasia, there is a cold pole - in the northeast of the mainland, on. Here the air is cooled down to -70°С. At the same time, the temperature in summer rises to + 53 ° С. On the territory of Eurasia there is also one of the wettest places on earth - Cherrapunji. Many rivers flow through the territory of Eurasia, the length of many of them is about 5 thousand kilometers. It , . Most large lake in the world - - also located on the mainland. The deepest is also located here. It contains 20% fresh water on the ground. continental ice- an important custodian of fresh waters.

Eurasia is the most populated continent. More than 3/4 of all residents live here the globe. The eastern and southern regions of the mainland are especially densely populated. In terms of the diversity of peoples living on the mainland, Eurasia differs from other continents. Slavic peoples live in the north: Russians, Czechs, Bulgarians, and others. South Asia is inhabited by numerous Indian peoples and the Chinese.

Eurasia is the cradle of ancient civilizations.

Geographical position: Northern Hemisphere between 0° E. d. and 180 ° in. some of the islands lie in the southern hemisphere.

Eurasia Square: about 53.4 million km2

Extreme points of Eurasia:

• the extreme northern island point is Cape Fligeli, 81°51` N. sh.;
• the extreme northern continental point is Cape Chelyuskin, 77°43` N. sh.;
• the extreme eastern island point is Ratmanov Island, 169°0` W. d.;
• the extreme eastern mainland point is Cape Dezhnev, 169°40` W. d.;
• the extreme southern island point is the South Island, 12°4`S. sh.;
• extreme southern mainland point – Cape Piai, 1°16` N. sh.;
• the extreme western island point is the rock of Monchique, 31°16` W. d.;
• the extreme western mainland point is Cape Roca, 9°30`W. d.

Climatic zones of Eurasia: , subarctic, temperate, subtropical, mediterranean, tropical, subequatorial, equatorial.

Geology of Eurasia: on the territory of Eurasia is the East European, Siberian, Chinese-Korean, South China, Indian platforms.

the Pacific and Indian Oceans; the length of the mainland from west to east is 16 thousand km, from north to south - 8 thousand km; more than 4.3 billion people live in Eurasia.

Russia is located on the most interesting and diverse continent of the planet, which has collected a little bit of almost everything.

So what place does the Eurasian continent occupy in the world?

Characteristics of the largest continent on Earth

There are 6 continents in total on the planet. Eurasia (in English it says Eurasia) is the largest.

Characteristics:

1. Area - 55,000,000 km².
2. There was no such researcher who discovered Eurasia in its entirety. Various peoples opened it piece by piece, and in different periods great ancient civilizations were formed. The term "Eurasia" was introduced in 1880 by Eduard Suess.
3. The mainland is so large that on the map it can be seen immediately in 3 hemispheres: northern, eastern and western.
4. The population density is about 94 people per sq. km.
5. Eurasia is the continent with the largest population. For 2015, the number is 5 billion 132 million.

Extreme points on the mainland Eurasia with coordinates

List of Eurasian countries with capitals

Countries on the mainland are usually divided into countries of Europe and Asia.

European countries with capitals:

Asian countries with capitals:

What oceans border Eurasia

main feature geographical location Eurasia lies in the fact that the mainland is washed by almost all oceans. And since in some countries the 5th Ocean (Southern) has not yet been recognized, it can be partly argued that Eurasia is washed by all existing oceans.

What parts of the mainland are washed by the oceans:

• Arctic - northern;
• Indian - southern;
• Pacific Ocean - east;
• Atlantic - western.

Natural zones of Eurasia

On the territory there are all existing types natural areas. They stretch from west to east and from north to south.

How are they geographically located?

• Arctic- islands in the very north;
• and forest-tundra- in the north of the Arctic Circle. In the eastern part, an expansion of the zone is observed;
• taiga- located a little to the south;
• mixed forests - located in the Baltic States and in the eastern part of Russia;
• broadleaf forests- zones in the western and eastern parts of the mainland;
• hardwood forests- located in the Mediterranean region;
• forest-steppes and steppes- located in the central part south of the taiga;
• deserts and semi-deserts- are located south of the previous zone, as well as in the eastern part in China;
• savannas- coast of the Indian Ocean;
• variable wet forests- the most southeastern and southwestern regions, as well as the Pacific coast;
• rainforests are islands in the Indian Ocean.

Climate

Due to the geographical position of the mainland, the climatic conditions on its territory are quite diverse. AT different regions all climatic indicators differ: temperature, precipitation, air masses.

The southernmost regions are the hottest. To the north, the climate is gradually changing. The central part is already characterized by moderate climatic conditions. BUT northern part of the mainland is in the realm of ice and cold.

Proximity to the oceans also plays an important role. The winds of the Indian Ocean bring a large amount of precipitation. But the closer to the center, the less they are.

In what climatic zones is Eurasia located:

• arctic and subarctic;
• tropical and subtropical;
• equatorial and subequatorial.

Relief

On other continents, a certain type of relief is common. Mountains are usually located on the coast. The relief of Eurasia is different in that the mountainous regions are located in the center of the mainland.

There are two mountain belts: the Pacific and the Himalayan. These mountains are of different ages and formed at different times.

To the north of them are several plains:

• Great Chinese;
• West Siberian;
• European;
• Turan.

Also in the central part are the Kazakh hills and the Central Siberian plateau.

The highest mountains

One of the main features of Eurasia is that on the mainland there is the highest mountain in the world - Everest (8848 m).

Mount Everest

But there are several other highest mountain peaks:

• Chogori (8611 m);
• Ulugmuztag (7723 m);
• Tirichmir (7690 m);
• peak of Communism (7495 m);
• Peak Pobeda (7439 m);
• Elbrus (5648).

Volcanoes

The highest active volcano in Eurasia is Klyuchevaya Sopka. It is located near the eastern coast of the mainland in Kamchatka.

Volcano Klyuchevaya Sopka

Other active volcanoes:

• Kerinchi (Sumatra Island, Indonesia);
• Fujiyama (Honshu Island, Japan);
• Vesuvius (Italy);
• Etna (Sicily, Italy).

Volcano Erciyes

The highest extinct volcano is Erciyes (Turkey).

The largest island

Kalimantan is the largest island in Eurasia.

Parts of the island belong to the 3rd different countries: Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. It is the 3rd largest island in the world.

Peninsulas of Eurasia

The biggest river

In China, the most big river Eurasia - Yangtze.

Its length is approximately 6300 km, and the basin area is 1,808,500 km².

The largest lake

Lake Baikal is the largest in Eurasia and in the world.

Its area is 31,722 km². The lake is located in the eastern part of Siberia. It is truly unique, because it is not only the largest, but also the deepest in the world. The maximum depth of Baikal is 1,642 m.

Reykjavik is the capital of Iceland

1. Iceland's capital, Reykjavik, is the northernmost in the world.
2. One plant of interest is bamboo. It is able to grow up to 90 cm per day.
3. "Altai" in translation from the Mongolian language means "Golden Mountains".

The largest continent of the planet Earth is Eurasia. It consists of two parts, the conditional border between which runs through the Ural Mountains, Embe, Caspian and Black Sea, Caucasus and Taman Peninsula. It is worth noting that the Eurasia Square is striking in its size. It is here that the deepest depression of the land and the highest peak of the Earth are located. Here you can meet absolutely all types of soils and climates, from wet forests to northern Eurasia is the only continent in the world, the rivers of which are connected with the basins of all oceans. Their food in different parts of the mainland is different: rain, snow, ground and ice, depending on climatic conditions and other factors.

Description of Eurasia

The largest and most complex continent is Eurasia. It is mostly connected with America and Africa. Between these continents, various transactions are most often concluded. It ranks first in size. The area is almost 53.9 million km2. Oceans, washing it from all sides, have a special effect on the climate, filling it with certain natural features. The relief on the mainland is very diverse. You can meet both lowlands and large mountains, on which entire countries stand. Due to the fact that they create a kind of grid, Eurasia is full of numerous basins. Such factors greatly influence the formation of both the climate and the entire water network.

States of Eurasia

Almost all Eurasian countries are independent. And some of them also occupy leading places all over the world in terms of their influence and power.

Europe is an important component of the mainland. She gave the world talented artists Raphael and Michelangelo, writers Shakespeare and Cervantes, poets Shevchenko and Byron, travelers Magellan and Columbus, scientists Copernicus and Newton, composers Verdi and Gounod, actors Bernard and Shchepkin, singers Caruso and Krushelnitskaya. It can be said that in terms of science and art, Europe has opened up a lot to the world.

In Asia, there are rich countries and Brunei, which were able to build their economy thanks to oil, Japan, which has become an example for the whole world due to the very rapid growth of the economy. Israel distinguished itself by the fact that with the help of advanced technologies it was able to turn the desert into a flowering garden.

Russian Federation

Russia ranks second in the world in terms of army power. It controls several countries and includes 22 republics. It ranks first in terms of the population of the territory on the mainland of Eurasia. The geography of this country is also quite interesting due to the huge extent of the state. Thanks to these facts, Russia has every chance not only to prevent any interference by other countries in politics, economics and finance, but also to become the most powerful state on the planet. The largest area of ​​Eurasia is occupied by Russian Federation.

France

This power is a member of the UN and is the fifth most powerful state in the world. It can easily influence many. It must be said that France is a nuclear country. She has powerful army as well as a well-developed economy. calling card of this state are its sights, achievements in science, technology, culture and culinary. Since ancient times, France has made it clear that it is a majestic country that always strives only for the new.

PRC (China)

It is impossible to remain silent and not talk about such a great power as China. For almost 2000 years, the republic has been the leader in terms of population in the world. China is the birthplace of silk, feather, compass, gunpowder. China occupies a significant area of ​​Eurasia after Russia (third place in the world, second in Asia). Its industry is developed the highest level and exported to almost every country in the world. It is truly a powerful country, which has a strong and numerous army with good weapons. China has nuclear weapons and a developed economy, so its membership in the UN is quite significant and can significantly influence the decisions of the organization.

Great Britain

This state is considered the most stable, it is also part of the European Union. It is a leader in the field of music, cinema and reserves the first place in world politics. It has nuclear weapon and exports capital to enough large sizes. It consists of four fairly developed countries: Northern Ireland, England, Wales and Scotland. Thanks to this union, Great Britain has a well-developed industry, and it is a powerful state.

In addition to these states, the leading countries of Eurasia can also be called Italy, Poland, Belarus, Germany, Japan and India.

As a continent, Eurasia occupies a sufficient amount of space on planet Earth. More than five billion people live here, which is quite a number. Eurasia Square is amazing.

Of course, Asia occupies most of the mainland, Europe, in turn, took only a fifth of it. The country connecting these two parts is the Russian Federation, its well-being is ensured due to its favorable location. She is the undisputed leader in terms of territory on this continent. Also, many countries of Eurasia are quite powerful and influential throughout the world.

The largest continent on our planet - Eurasia - occupies a little more than a third of the entire land, about 54 million square meters. km. Moreover, Asia accounts for most of it, approximately 4/5, and only 1/5 - for Europe. The continent itself is in the Northern Hemisphere, although some of the mainland islands are in the southern half of the globe.

Eurasia unites Europe and Asia - the two borders between which on the territory of Russia lie along their eastern side. This continent is the only one on the planet

e, which is washed by all the oceans: in the north, the Arctic, the Indian in the south, in the west, the Atlantic and the Pacific in the east. The length of Eurasia in length from west to east is approximately 16 thousand kilometers, and from north to south - half as much, 8 thousand kilometers.

The extreme points of Eurasia: the southern one is Cape Piai, the northern one is Cape Chelyuskin, the western point is Cape Roca, and the eastern one is Cape Dezhnev.

The development of the mainland in ancient times began civilizations living in Africa, with the aim of establishing trade relations with the peoples living to the north of them. A little later, somewhere in the 3rd century BC, the first trade route was formed within the continent, which passed through the Middle East, Europe, China, and India. In turn, the raids of the Normans helped to develop new territories of the continent. The main territorial discoveries were made in the era of the Great geographical discoveries. Russian expeditions of the 20th century helped to correctly describe the position of the mainland using a coordinate system. It was at this time that they identified extreme points Eurasia.

In the north, the Eurasian continent goes beyond the Arctic Circle, not reaching about 10 0 . It is here, from Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 34 "N), located on the Taimyr Peninsula, that the mainland originates. The cape was discovered by navigator Semyon Chelyuskin in 1741 during a geographical expedition to the far north, which was equipped to coast

Quite elevated and rocky, covered with snow and ice. Visiting him in 1878 researched

Arctic explorer N. Nordenskiöld built a lighthouse from a floating forest on piles of stones. Now there are signs symbolizing the end of the earth: a wooden pillar by S. Chelyuskin, a houri built of slate slabs by R. Amundsen in honor of the expedition of N. Nordenskiöld, and a quartz stone giant. Currently, residential buildings and scientific pavilions have been built on the cape. The polar hydrometeorological station "Cape Chelyuskin" operates here, where up to 10 people spend the winter. Previously, the northernmost airfield was also located on the cape, from which now only a helipad remains.

Naming the extreme points of Eurasia, it must be said that the mainland enters the Southern Hemisphere by a little more than 10 °, therefore Cape Piai is the southern margin of the mainland (1 ° 56 "S). The cape is located in Malaysia, on the territory national park Tanjung Piai countries. In this place, a globe is installed - a memorial sign of the southern tip of the mainland.

Most of Eurasia is located in the eastern part of the globe, which means that the eastern extreme points lie on Cape Dezhnev (169 ° 64 "E). Named after its discoverer, Cape Dezhnev was discovered in 1648. Dezhnev wrote that he was a naked a mountain range steeply falling down and covered only by a “blanket” of fog, over which clouds were driven by air currents.

Now a wooden memorial cross rises on the rocky shore, which was erected in honor of Russian sailors in the year of the 350th anniversary of the voyage of the Dezhnev expedition. Another monument demonstrates the symbolic connection between Asia and America. Near the lighthouse on a high pedestal stands the third monument - a bronze bust of Dezhnev, a man with an open and courageous face.

Listing the extreme points of Eurasia, let's name the westernmost part of the mainland - Cape Roca, located on the territory of Portugal (38 ° 47 "W). The cape is a rock rising above the level Atlantic Ocean at 140 meters. The coordinates of this extreme eastern point of the mainland are carved on a stone stele. There is also a lighthouse that attracts many travelers.