A few years after the revolution, Mayakovsky wrote in 1921. poem "About rubbish." The poet was disappointed in the consequences of the revolution, the changes that took place in the country did not satisfy him. The poet uses such means of satire as irony (many diminutive suffixes "ceiling", "bedroom"), hyperbole, (sharp, rude words "scum", "rubbish", "ass") caustic sarcasm and grotesque.
The theme of the poem is the ideals and desires of the Soviet philistines. People think primitively, mindlessly follow fashion, set the goal of life - material enrichment. The material component of life is paramount for the Soviet bourgeoisie, there is no place for spiritual development. Mayakovsky ridicules such people who consider themselves intelligentsia, but in their hearts have remained poorly educated citizens. The author criticizes not the petty bourgeois themselves as an estate, but their type of thinking. K. Marx criticized bourgeois politics and was a supporter of the revolution. In the poem, the hero criticizes society and its customs and habits; if people do not stop caring only about their well-being, then all the cruelty and violence associated with the revolution were in vain. In such a primitive society, such ideas as equality and democracy will never exist. The whole point of a tradesman's life is to brag about new things, to amuse his pride. Mayakovsky contrasts a large number of material goods and the empty soul of people.
The poem "Seated" was written in 1922. The topic of bureaucracy is presented in this work. This poem is indignation at the system of the bureaucratic apparatus. The basis of the Soviet bureaucracy is made up of meaningless regular meetings and paperwork. Officials do not solve real problems, they do everything, but not help the people. Civil servants do not fulfill their functions, that is, they do not serve and do not help the people, it does not matter to them what to discuss, the main thing is to make the appearance of violent activity. The author uses various means expressiveness: hyperbole in the titles of the meetings (“A-be-ve-ge-de-e-zhe-ze-kom”), in order to emphasize their meaninglessness; the author ridicules the empty and unnecessary meetings on which officials spend their entire working day. The irony is that officials are present at meetings without a head, the author wanted to show the futility of their meetings. Mayakovsky condemns the bureaucratic apparatus for the fact that ordinary citizens suffer because of its carelessness.
Updated: 2017-11-24
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Lesson topic: "Weapons of the most beloved kind"
(Satirical works by V.V. Mayakovsky)
Lesson type : practical lesson; 2 paired lessons.
The purpose of the lesson : repeat the features of Mayakovsky's lyrics;
by analyzing poems, show how talent matured
Mayakovsky the satirist;
reveal what his satire is directed against;
reveal ways to create satirical images;
develop Creative skills students.
Lesson equipment: handout "Peculiarities of Mayakovsky's lyrics", cards with assignments for group work, collections of poems by the poet, electronic presentation "Mayakovsky and ROSTA Windows".
During the classes.
Organizing time. Announcement of the topic, purpose and objectives of the lesson.
Creative workout.
Teacher: Guys, the plot for creating a lyrical work is written on the board. (A note on the blackboard: “A gusty wind blows smoke from the chimneys, a lantern illuminates a dark street”). Try to create a short poem on this plot within 5-7 minutes.
After the allotted time, the work is read out. Here is some of them:
The house is soft and warm,
In the hallway, the violent wind is angry ...
In an open trough oven
The fire of fun is flowing ...
There's a lamp on the street
Warming my soul with your fire,
And the wind is evil, like a demon of the night,
In its impulses, everything is more terrible ...
(M. Shalanova)
Here comes the night.
The dark leaf fell off.
Wind raging whistle
Silently played in the night.
A beam of light broke through.
This is a lantern.
He lights the way.
The night became brighter.
Looking into the oven
You can see darkness.
There is light in the darkness...
Remember this, friend!
(Koksharov S.)
Teacher: And now listen, please, to Mayakovsky's masterpiece:
The wind is prickly
Trumpet
pulls out
Smoky wool tuft;
bald lantern
Voluptuously removes
From the street
Black stocking.
(From the poem "From street to street")
Repetition.
Teacher: Let us note how striking is the novelty of Mayakovsky's poetry, how unusual are the memorable and surprising images. In the last lesson, we talked about the features of the lyrics of V.V. Mayakovsky. Using the handout that is on your tables, determine which of the features of his poetics can be traced in one or another passage from his works.
Handout content.
"Features of the lyrics of V.V. Mayakovsky ».
Innovation, the desire for a radical renewal of poetry.
At the center of his poetry is the "grand" lyrical hero, on an equal footing with the world, with the Universe.
With extraordinary courage, the poet introduces words and expressions of a rough, vulgar style - destroys clichés, stereotypes, the boundaries of what is permitted.
Mayakovsky's speech is usually addressed to the listener, so many poems are in form a dialogue, a conversation.
Mayakovsky creates his own system of tonic and accent verse, in his line there is a different number of unstressed syllables. The poet has the lines of the "ladder".
Mayakovsky is an unusual reformer in the field of rhyme.
Fragments from poems.
Hey you!
Sky!
Take off your hat!
I'm coming!
("A cloud in pants")
Listen!
After all, if the stars are lit -
So, does anyone need it?
("Listen!")
Do you know, mediocre many,
Thinking to get drunk better how -
Maybe now the bomb feet
Tore out Lieutenant Petrov too?...
("To you")
Mother!
Your son is very sick!
Mother!
He has a heart of fire.
("A cloud in pants")
To you,
of course known
rhyme phenomenon.
Let's say
line
ended with the word
"father"
And then
through the line
repeating the syllable, we
We put
some:
lamb-tsa.
("Conversation with the financial inspector about the essence of poetry")
Here comes the evening
Into the night terror
Away from the windows
Frowning,
December.
("A cloud in pants")
Floors roar.
The streets are staring.
Doused with cold water.
All covered in smoke
and in the fingers
I pass the years.
("Russia")
I'm going - beautiful
Twenty-two years old.
("A cloud in pants")
4. Work on the topic of the lesson.
1) teacher's word : With great love, V.V. Mayakovsky wrote about people building a new life. That is why he angrily opposed those who interfered with this construction. “Weapons of the most beloved kind,” Mayakovsky defined his attitude to satire in this way.
Irony, hyperbole, grotesque, fantasy, sarcasm gave the poet's satirical works various shades.
"Mayakovsky smiles,
Mayakovsky laughs,
Mayakovsky mocks, ”he called one of the collections of his poems.
2 ) vocabulary work(means of artistic expression).
Teacher: Let's remember what the artistic and visual means written on the board mean. (Bold only on the board)
Irony (taunt)
Sarcasm (highest degree irony, evil, bitter or angry mockery)
Humor (kind, sympathetic laughter)
Satire (condemning, angry laughter)
Fiction (contrived, implausible, supernatural)
Hyperbola (exaggeration)
Grotesque (excessive exaggeration, depiction of something in a fantastic, ugly comic way)
Allegory (figurative allegory)
Synecdoche (value transfer according to the principle of quantitative ratio, the name of the part instead of the whole).
Teacher: Actually satirical poems of the pre-revolutionary period are his famous "Hymns", published in the journal "New Satyricon". In the very titles of the hymns: "Hymn to the Judge", "Hymn to the Bribe", "Hymn to the Dinner" - there is a comic discrepancy: after all, the anthem is a solemn song, which is simply ridiculous to sing in honor of a dinner or a bribe.
3) Reading by trained students of poems and their discussion. (What does the author make fun of in these works?)
A) "Hymn to the Judge" (1915)
(Mayakovsky makes fun of social order Russia, although the distant country of Peru is named as the scene of action.. This country is ruled by dull judges, hostile to all living things. They themselves do not know how to enjoy life and forbid others to do it, they strive to regulate everything, to make it colorless. So, under the gaze of the judge, an orange-blue peacock's tail faded (grotesque). Further:
The judge caught both fluff and feathers
Shaved the poor hummingbird.
A play on words based on a similar sound (pun) creates a comic effect. The people under the rule of evil judges are given in the form of convicts rowing a galley. It is possible to free the convicts only by eliminating the judges who
... interfere with both the bird and the dance,
And me, and you, and Peru.)
B) "Hymn to Dinner" (1915)
(Mayakovsky is especially hated by the bourgeois world - the world of the “fat”. In the poem, a technique arises that is called a synecdoche (a part is called instead of the whole). Instead of a person, the stomach acts:
Panama stomach! Will they infect you
The majesty of death for a new era?!
You can't hurt your stomach
Except appendicitis and cholera!
Sleep without worrying about the picture of blood
And the fact that the world is surrounded by fire, -
Milk is rich in cow strength and
Immensely rich in bovine meat.)
Teacher: After the revolution, in which Mayakovsky sincerely believed, the satirical focus of his poetry changes. The heroes of his poems are the enemies of the revolution. In 1919-1922. Mayakovsky worked at the ROSTA Windows, drew posters, and wrote poetic captions for them. The poet sang of the victories of the Red Army, mercilessly ridiculed the enemies of the revolution, angrily spoke out against the philistines.
4) Electronic presentation of the student "Mayakovsky and" ROSTA Windows ".
5) In the post-revolutionary period, the poems “About Rubbish”, “Protected”, “Bribery”, “Protection” and others gained great fame.
6) Work in groups (4 groups).
Each group is given the task to analyze the specified poem, based on the proposed questions.
Group 1 - "On Rubbish" (1920-1921).
- Why does Mayakovsky condemn the townspeople?
What artistic and visual means does the poet use to denounce the philistines who have adapted to the new social order?
(To replace the heroes civil war new "heroes" came, whom the poet stigmatizes with the words "rubbish", "murlo", "scum". They quickly adapted to the new social order. External disguise (portrait of Marx, Izvestia newspaper) hide the true essence of the tradesman, his desire for material well-being, comfort, prestige.
The poet uses various means of representation. Hyperbole (“having been sore from a five-year sitting ass ...”, “oh, and I’ll get myself Pacific breeches to look out of my pants like a coral reef”). A grotesque image of a bureaucrat is created, which has turned into an inanimate object, i.e. soulless. A grotesque picture emerges at the end - a traditional literary image of a portrait coming to life, this time a portrait of Marx, who makes a rather strange call to turn the heads of canaries. This call is meaningful only in the context of the entire poem, in which the canaries have acquired a generalized meaning as a symbol of philistinism (allegory).
Group 2 - "Prosessed" (1922)
What causes the poet's anger?
For what purpose does he resort to fiction?
What means of expression does the author use?
What lines contain the main idea of the poem?
(The trend towards an increase in the bureaucratic apparatus was outlined already in the first years Soviet power. Institutions began to spring up with incredible rapidity. Steeped in incessant meetings, gatherings, imitating vigorous activity, but far from the true needs of the people. This poem is directed against them.
Figurative means: hyperbole (an exaggerated number of meetings), litotes (purchase of a bottle of ink by the Gupkooperativ). Next, a fantastic picture is created (“half of the people are sitting”) in order to show that employees have to literally be torn between meetings that take place at the same time.
The main idea is in the last lines of the poem:
You won't fall asleep with excitement.
Early morning.
I dream of meeting the early dawn:
"Oh, at least
More
One session
Concerning the eradication of all meetings!”
This rhetorical exclamation expresses the author's dream of a time when all meetings will be eradicated.)
Group 3 - "Bribery" (1926)
What is the poem directed against?
- What is Mayakovsky calling for?
(In this poem, the poet's anger is directed against yet another enemy of the revolution - bribery. First, a description is given of a certain "responsible" who is burdened all day by the "impassable thought": where to attach the godfather. Mayakovsky writes with bitter irony that this official literally understood "brotherhood peoples" as the happiness of brothers, aunts and sisters". Called to the service of the people, he delays the solution of the issues entrusted to him until "a package with sheets of the latest data" appears on his table. slobbering, the bastard counts chervonchiki.’ Mayakovsky’s indignation grows, he writes:
Who stole bread
You don't need a car.
maybe
forgive the killer.
Perhaps sick
crazy frenzy
In the shower
him
swirls.
But if
who hid
this is the ruble
palm
touches my hand,
I washed my hand
brick ototru
Foul skin from the palm of your hand.
The poet's contempt grows, and at the end of the poem it turns into an open protest:
Down with the suckers
to our
rows
And those
who to pennies
stuck!)
Group 4 - "Protection" (1926)
What does Mayakovsky denounce in this poem?
What is the composition of the poem? What is the ideological content of each part?
- What feeling is imbued with the last lines of the work?
(Mayakovsky struggled with the manifestation of bureaucracy and philistinism until the end of his life. In many of his poems, careerists, bribe-takers, sycophants, scoundrels are denounced. In this poem, the poet considers another evil - nepotism. Without patronage, influential support, not a single thing is solved. A bleak picture arises : a person is worth something in this life, if only he has "great connections". The composition of the poem is interesting. It consists of three parts. Part 1 - description various connections. Part 2 - showing how quickly any case is resolved with these connections. The 3rd part is contrasted in content (antithesis) with the 2nd part: “try it - climbing without family ties!”, “they won’t let you get close.”
With the hope of changing things for the better, the last lines sound:
Whoever they are
the culprits
Bipod small
or a big whale
Let's tear apart
Woven by officials
Web of nepotism
protection, red tape.)
7) Performance of groups with the analysis of the proposed poems.
8) Summing up the lesson.
Answer to the question:"Are Mayakovsky's satirical works relevant today?"
1) Answer in writing the last question of the lesson.
- "Sneaky" (1 level)
- "Sneaky", "Scum" (level 2)
- "Sneaky", "Scum", "Coward" (level 3).
30.03.2013 19616 0Lesson 45
satirical lyrics
and dramaturgy of Mayakovsky
Goals : identify the features of Mayakovsky's satirical works, noting poetic innovation; repeat the generic features of lyrics and drama, trace their manifestation in the works of Mayakovsky; develop the skills of analyzing a poetic text.
During the classes
thinned a little.
Lots of things to do -
just hurry up.
remake first.
Having redone -
you can chant.
V. V. Mayakovsky
I. Reading by heart and analysis of Mayakovsky's poems "Could you?", "Listen."
II. opening speech teachers.
1. “With their fast steps Mayakovsky walked far beyond our modern times and somewhere there, around some turn, will be waiting for us for a long time, ”wrote Marina Tsvetaeva about the poet. Mayakovsky was ahead of his time as an artist. An innovator in the field of themes and artistic media, he looks forward to the future in his work. The poet and life perceived through the prism of creativity, creation. Let us recall his slogan: "The future will not come by itself if we do not take action." The artist, according to Mayakovsky, is called upon to teach people how to build a new life.
Mayakovsky's work was extremely relevant for the poet's contemporaries, it is also relevant for us, his descendants. What are satirical works alone. It seems impossible to name a negative phenomenon that would not fall under the magnifying glass of a satirical poet: hooliganism, betrayal, bureaucracy, narrow-mindedness, slander, sycophancy:
thirty meters
Catching up
superiors
I would like to convey the relevance of the satire of V. V. Mayakovsky to you, who are entering adulthood, into a world that is not without good people, but not without bad, unfortunately, too. One has to meet with rudeness, rudeness, lies so often that it is difficult not to humiliate oneself, not to lose one's human dignity.
Mayakovsky's poetry, "calling for an eternal fight with evil", his faith, his poems become vital, like himself, Vladimir Mayakovsky, ... a person who embodied what we often lack today, what we are looking for friend in a friend and very rarely found.
Already in the early poems, the world of “fat” inhabitants, looking “like an oyster from the shell of things”, appears in a satirical vein.
2. Prepared student recites a poem "Nate!", 1913.
Teacher . Mayakovsky's frank and convincing words through the veil of decades have reached our days. With his poetry, he laid the foundation for his and our future. Izvest nny Russian cultural figure S. V. Obraztsov wrote this about this: “So many years have passed, but I can’t forget Mayakovsky’s confessions, his conversation with the future, his report for his entire life, riddled with a struggle for truth, for purity, for the happiness of those who will live after him, I can’t. Forever it crashed into my memory, as if burned into it.
III. Reading and analysis of the poems "Seated", "About rubbish".
Approximate analysis of the poem.
In 1920–1921, the poem “On Rubbish” appeared, the first work that denounces the “mug of a tradesman” of the new Soviet era.
The symbol and companion of the bureaucrat in everyday life and in the service becomes "rabid canary". This image permeates the entire poem. The poet warns that people have settled in state institutions, "hastily changed plumage", officials who did not bring any benefit to society and only “Having shriveled up from a five-year-old seat of the backside ... we made cozy offices and bedrooms.” Metaphor "weave cozy offices and bedrooms" evokes an association with the famous "God's bird", who knows "neither care nor labor."
Quite harshly, Mayakovsky condemns those who see all the joys of life only in the world of things.
Together with the author, we observe how "this or that scum" for a raise dreams of having "Pacific riding breeches". Emphasizing the deadening of the soul of such a person, the immobility of thoughts and feelings, the poet selects an unusual comparison for his image: he will
From pants
peep out
like a coral reef.
The official's apartment is filled with symbols of the communist reorganization of the world: here is a portrait of Marx in a scarlet frame, and the Izvestia newspaper. But it turns out that all this is a tribute to fashion. Even the hammer and sickle are only fashionable emblems, without which it is impossible to "figure" "at the ball in the Revolutionary Military Council."
"Rubbish", according to Mayakovsky, are people who have limited their vital interests to the world of things. Their heads, as well as "cozy cabinets and bedrooms", are occupied by pianos, samovars, "galifis", dresses and cages with "frantic canaries". Not finding "living people" among such officials, the poet puts the words containing the idea of the work into the speech of an inanimate object, the portrait spoke:
Marx looked from the wall, looked...
opened his mouth,
Yes, how to scream:
“The philistine revolution was entangled in threads...
turn the heads of the canaries -
so that communism
was not beaten by canaries!”
IV. Dramaturgy by Mayakovsky.
1. The word of the teacher.
In May 1928, director Vsevolod Meyerhold telegraphed Mayakovsky from Sverdlovsk: “For the last time I appeal to your prudence. The theater is dying. There are no plays. The classics are forced to be abandoned. I ask for a serious answer: is it possible to expect to receive your play during the summer. Telegraph urgently ... "
Mayakovsky answered in the affirmative and began work on plays about modernity, the material for which was well known to the poet. The first - the enchanting comedy "The Bedbug" - ridiculed the townsfolk and the Soviet philistines, those new philistines whose triumph had long worried Mayakovsky. The second - a drama in six acts with a circus and fireworks "Bath" - exposed the political bourgeoisie (bureaucrats and opportunists).
2. Work with text the play "The Bedbug".
The letters to Tatyana Yakovleva reflected the process of Mayakovsky's work on the play "The Bedbug". In a letter dated December 28, 1928, one can read:
What do you write about New Year? Crazy! What holiday can I have without you. I'm working. This is my only pleasure."
The best creative forces participated in the preparation of the first performance, and already in February 1929 the play The Bedbug was staged at the Meyerhold Theater. The role of the "former worker" Prisypkin, who "breaks away from his class with a bang," was played by Igor Ilyinsky. The musical arrangement belonged to the young composer Dmitry Shostakovich. Costume designs made by artists Kukryniksy (Kupriyanov, Krylov, Nick. Sokolov).
- Mayakovsky the playwright stated: "... the theater is not a reflective mirror, but a magnifying glass." How do you relate these words to the ideological content of the play?
Where and when does the main action take place?
As you know, the play "The Bedbug" consists of two interrelated parts. In the first of them, the action takes place in 1929 in a workers' hostel and in the house of the hairdresser's daughter Elsevira Renaissance, that is, next to the audience of that time, perhaps, as Mayakovsky noted, in Tambov. Then the action is transferred 50 years forward, to 1979, where Prisypkin is resurrected, “frozen” after a fire at his own wedding.
- What do you think of the main characters?
Prisypkin- Pierre Skripkin, of course, has become, like Moliere's Jourdain, the image of the "eternal bourgeois". It is not difficult to project the features of his behavior and speech onto modern "new" and "very new" Russians. Mayakovsky, as if anticipating the constant reproduction of these qualities, turned to the viewer: “... but just don’t get angry at the insect’s jokes. This is not about you, but about your friend.
Mayakovsky defended the self-worth of a person, exacerbating the conflict of life and death in the image of the suicidal girl Zoya Berezkina. It shows one of the heroines of the poem "A Cloud in Pants" - the artist Antonina Gumilina, who is in love with Mayakovsky. According to the memoirs of Roman Yakobson, Gumilina often painted Mayakovsky, her wedding with him. Then she became interested in the artist Shiman, but in 1918, desperate to find her happiness, she committed suicide. But the heroine of the play is still saved for the future:
"Professor . Suicide? What is "suicide"? (Looking in dictionaries...) Did you shoot yourself? Sentence? Court? Revolutionary Tribunal?
Zoya Berezkina. No I myself.
Professor . Herself? From carelessness?
Zoya. No... From love.
Professor . Nonsense... It is necessary to build bridges from love and give birth to children... And you... Yes!
Mayakovsky's daughter, Professor Patricia Thompson, writes that the professor's last remark is her mother's words to Mayakovsky in New York in 1925.
Prisypkin, finding himself in the future, is outraged by the collective will that decides to resurrect him. He does not want to live in a sterile society, where the “microbes in love” have disappeared and there is no place for a photograph of his beloved. The zoological garden where he was placed turned out to be for him a cage with a bug, a trap from which Skripkin's voice comes:
"Citizens! Brothers! Their! Relatives! .. When did you all unfreeze? Why am I alone in a cage?
Only Love opposes the false, thoroughly parodic world. “Love is the heart of everything. Thoughts and deeds unfold from her ... ”Mayakovsky wrote in his diary during the days of the creation of the poem“ About This ”. The opposite definition of love is given by a reporter from the play Bedbug:
"An ancient disease, when human sexual energy, reasonably distributed for life, suddenly condenses in a single inflammatory process, leading to reckless and incredible deeds."
Satirical exaggeration has become the most important stylistic device that forms the genre features of the play, its composition, characterization of characters.
The director of the play, Meyerhold, pointed out among the absolute merits of Mayakovsky's play its “main purpose: to castigate the vices of today. Throwing us back to 1979, Mayakovsky makes us look not at the transformation of the world, but at the same disease as in our days. We must fight against shortcomings with more energy than now ... Mayakovsky wants to show that diseases have deep roots, that long periods of time and enormous activity are needed to get rid of them.
One of the current satirical techniques was parody. For example, the scene of the wedding of Elsevier and Pierre is built as a new rite, a mixture of a party meeting and a restaurant feast. According to the laws of parody, episodes related to the death and resurrection of Prisypkin are also built. Scenes with a frozen Prisypkin in an icy cellar and a construction team that discovered the “individual”, according to the observation of M. S. Petrovsky, are similar to the situation in the novel by the American writer Edward Bellamy “A hundred years later” (1888). The hero of this socio-utopian novel also freezes during a catastrophe on the eve of his wedding and, thawed after a hundred years, gets acquainted with the society of the future.
Obviously, something is wrong in the society of triumphant collectivism, where Prisypkin found himself, if the former "bedbug, bedbug" turns out to be closer to him than Zoya Berezkina, who shot herself out of love for him, but recovered.
Homework.
Write a short essay-reasoning "The power of Mayakovsky's satire."
How does the internal state of the lyrical hero change as the plot of the above fragment develops?
At the beginning of the fragment, the lyrical hero treats the sun with some suspicion, he is “embarrassed”, therefore he is insolent to his interlocutor. However, as the conversation progresses, the hero loses his seriousness and strikes up a casual, friendly conversation with the sun, switching to “you”. The hero no longer feels fear of the interlocutor, but, on the contrary, feels peace of mind and even allows himself to kindly slap him on the shoulder. The sun convinces the hero that the value of labor is enormous, and just as it supports the life of all living things, so the hero must benefit the people with his poems. With these words, the mood of the hero changes to inspired and decisive, as evidenced by the last lines.
In what works of Russian literature is the idea of the significance of art revealed, and in what way can these works be compared with the poem by V.V.
Mayakovsky?
The idea of the significance of art is revealed in such poems as “The Poet and the Citizen” by N.A. Nekrasov and “To drive the living rook with one push ...” A.A. Feta.
As in Mayakovsky's poem, Nekrasov associates poetic work with benefiting the people. If Mayakovsky’s sun calls on the poet to revive, to sing “around the world in gray trash” and convinces him to “shine always, shine everywhere, to the last bottom”, in spite of any obstacles, then citizen Nekrasov assures the poet that you can’t sit still, but you need to be useful with your creativity: “And do not go to the camp of the harmless, / When you can be useful!”.
Fet's poem also talks about the importance of art. So, the poet believes that art is the ability to turn sad into cheerful and share their feelings with people. He writes: "To interrupt a dreary dream with a single sound, ... / Give life a sigh, give sweetness to secret torments, / Instantly feel someone else's own." In the same way, Mayakovsky in the poem mentions several times the light that the poet brings to the masses with his work, illuminating the darkest nooks and crannies of human souls.
What makes up the internal inconsistency of the image of the poet in the poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Nate"?
AT this poem reveals the internal inconsistency of the poet. On the one hand, the poet is a sensitive, vulnerable person who has torn off “so many verses from caskets” for people, a person whose “hearts are dirty, in galoshes and without galoshes” “upon a butterfly ... hearts”. But on the other hand, this is a rude “Hun” who does not owe anything to society and will not “grimacing” in front of an audience that does not understand him, but simply “spits” in their faces. Thus, the inconsistency of the image of the poet lies in the combination of rudeness and vulnerability in him.
In what works of Russian poets is the theme of the relationship between the poet and the crowd revealed, and in what ways are these works close to the poem by V.V. Mayakovsky?
The theme of the relationship between the poet and the crowd is revealed in such poems as “The Prophet” by M.Yu. Lermontov and “I don’t need odic rati…” A.A. Akhmatova.
The lyrical hero of Lermontov is an exiled poet. Like Mayakovsky, he is misunderstood by the crowd, an alienated person, whose words do not find a response in the souls of people: “I began to proclaim love / And the truth is pure teachings / All my neighbors me / They threw stones furiously ... ".
Anna Akhmatova in her poem says that, despite the difficult process of writing poems, she writes them “for the joy” of readers and her. In the same way, Mayakovsky creates for people, reveals to his readers the “butterfly of the poetic heart” and many “verses of caskets”.
In this poem, Mayakovsky raises a number of problematic issues.
In this poem, Mayakovsky raises a number of problematic issues. It is dominated, of course, by the problem of bureaucracy. Mayakovsky condemns officials cut off from the cares and needs of the people, who went to the service only to sit out in cozy offices. The poet also ridicules the lowly needs of a person who dreams not of something great, but of new "breeches" and a dress. The poet demands that statesmen be engaged in the development of the country, serve for its benefit, and not indulge in philistine dreams of material wealth. It is these topical and "eternal" questions that Mayakovsky raises.
In what works of Russian writers do satirical motifs sound and in what way can these works be compared with the poem by V.V. Mayakovsky?
Satirical motifs sound in such poems as “Reflections at the front door” by N.A. Nekrasov and "Nate!" V.V. Mayakovsky.
Reading Nekrasov’s poem, one can discern the poet’s mockery of the “owner of luxurious chambers” who will die surrounded by his beloved family, which is actually looking forward to his death: “You will fall asleep, surrounded by the care / Dear and beloved family / (Looking forward to your death) “Like Mayakovsky, Nekrasov in his poem condemns the representative of power: the Nekrasov official drives the peasants who came to him into the neck, and Mayakovsky’s official, instead of dealing with the problems of the people, thinks about what breeches he will buy with an increase.
In the poem "Nate!" Mayakovsky denounces the base needs of people, satirically depicting them: “Here you are a man, you have cabbage in your mustache / somewhere half-eaten, half-eaten cabbage soup; / here you are, a woman, white was thick on you, / you look like an oyster from the shells of things. As in the poem "On rubbish", here the poet ridicules people who are concerned not with spiritual problems, but with material ones.
No other works of Russian poets are so replete with irony and ridicule as the work of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky. unusually sharp, topical and mostly socially directed.
Curriculum vitae
Mayakovsky was born in Georgia. It was there, in the village of Baghdadi, that the future poet was born on July 17, 1893. In 1906, after the death of his father, he moved to Moscow with his mother and sisters. For an active political position, he goes to prison several times. Ends Even in his student years, Mayakovsky's futuristic path begins. Satire - along with shocking and bravado - is becoming hallmark his poetry.
However, futurism, with its nihilistic protest, could not fully contain the full force of Mayakovsky's literary word, and the themes of his poems quickly began to go beyond the chosen direction. More and more they heard the social overtones. Pre-revolutionary period in Mayakovsky's poetry, it has two pronounced directions: accusatory satirical, revealing all the shortcomings and vices, disastrous, behind which terrible reality destroys a person who embodies the ideal of democracy and humanism.
Thus, satire in the work of Mayakovsky on the most early stages Creativity has become a hallmark of the poet among his comrades in the literary workshop.
What is futurism?
The word "futurism" is derived from the Latin futurum, meaning "future". This is the name of the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century, which is distinguished by the denial of past achievements and the desire to create something radically new in art.
Features of futurism:
- Anarchy and rebellion.
- Rejection of cultural heritage.
- Cultivating progress and industry.
- Epatage and pathos.
- Rejection of established norms of versification.
- Experiments in the field of versification with rhyme, rhythm, orientation to slogans.
- Creation of new words.
All these principles are perfectly reflected in Mayakovsky's poetry. Satire organically merges into these innovations and creates a unique style inherent in the poet.
What is satire?
Satire is a way of artistic description of reality, the task of which is to denounce, ridicule, impartial criticism of social phenomena. Satire most often uses hyperbole and the grotesque to create a distorted conditional image that embodies the ugly side of reality. Her main feature- a pronounced negative attitude towards the depicted.
The aesthetic orientation of satire is the cultivation of the main humanistic values: kindness, justice, truth, beauty.
In Russian literature, satire has a deep history, its roots can be found already in folklore, later it migrated to the pages of books thanks to A.P. Sumarokov, D.I. Fonvizin and many others. In the 20th century, the power of Mayakovsky's satire in poetry knows no equal.
Satire in verse
Already in the early stages of his work, Vladimir Mayakovsky collaborated with the magazines New Satyricon and Satyricon. The satire of this period has a touch of romanticism and is directed against the bourgeoisie. The poet's early poems are often compared with Lermontov's because of the opposition of the author's "I" to the surrounding society, because of the pronounced rebellion of loneliness. Although Mayakovsky's satire is clearly present in them. The poems are close to futuristic settings, very original. Among these are: “Nate!”, “Hymn to the Scientist”, “Hymn to the Judge”, “Hymn to Dinner”, etc. Already in the titles of the works, especially the “hymns”, one can hear irony.
The post-revolutionary work of Mayakovsky dramatically changes its direction. Now his heroes are not well-fed bourgeois, but enemies of the revolution. Poems are complemented by slogans and reflecting the surrounding changes. Here the poet showed himself as an artist, since many works consisted of verse and drawing. These posters are part of the ROSTA window series. Their characters are irresponsible peasants and workers, White Guards and bourgeois. Many posters denounce the vices of modernity, which remained from past life, since post-revolutionary society seems to Mayakovsky an ideal, and everything bad in it is a relic of the past.
Among the most famous works, where Mayakovsky's satire reaches its apogee, - the poems "Seated", "About rubbish", "A poem about Myasnitskaya, about a woman and about the all-Russian scale." The poet uses the grotesque to create absurd situations and often speaks from a position of reason and a sound understanding of reality. All the power of Mayakovsky's satire is aimed at exposing the shortcomings and deformities of the world around him.
Satire in plays
Satire in the work of Mayakovsky is not limited to poems, it also manifested itself in plays, becoming a meaning-forming center for them. The most famous of them are "Klop" and "Bath".
The play "Banya" was written in 1930, and already with the definition of its genre, the author's irony begins: "a drama in six acts with a circus and fireworks." Its conflict consists in the confrontation between the official Pobedonosikov and the inventor Chudakov. The work itself is perceived easily and funny, but it shows the struggle with a senseless and ruthless bureaucratic machine. The conflict of the play is resolved very simply: a “phosphoric woman” arrives from the future and takes the best representatives of humanity with her, to where communism reigns, and bureaucrats are left with nothing.
The play "The Bedbug" was written in 1929, and on its villages Mayakovsky wages war on the bourgeoisie. Main character, Pierre Skripkin, after a failed marriage, miraculously finds himself in a communist future. It is impossible to clearly understand Mayakovsky's attitude to this world. The poet's satire mercilessly ridicules his shortcomings: machines do the work, love is eradicated... Skripkin seems to be the most alive and real person here. Under his influence, society gradually begins to collapse.
Conclusion
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky becomes a worthy successor to the traditions of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and N.V. Gogol. In poems and plays, he manages to accurately identify all the "ulcers" and shortcomings modern writer society. Satire in the works of Mayakovsky bears a pronounced focus on the fight against the bourgeoisie, the bourgeoisie, bureaucracy, the absurdity of the surrounding world and its laws.
