Auxiliary verbs(Auxiliary Verbs) in English language are verbs, (to) be, (to) do, (to) have and will. They do not carry any meaning to the sentence and are not translated (if they are used as auxiliary verbs), but simply help to make a temporary sentence.
Verb "to be"
This verb can be used as an auxiliary verb, or as an independent one (that is, to carry a separate semantic load in the sentence).
If this verb acts as an auxiliary, then it is used to make time. For example:
I won’t paint every time here, just follow the links you need (above), everything is described in detail there. I will only give examples where the verb "to be" is used as an independent verb:
They are sixteen years old
They are sixteen years old / literally - They are sixteen years oldShe is not sixteen years old
She is not sixteen years old / literally - She is not sixteen years oldAre they sixteen years old?
Are they sixteen?
The verb "To do"
It can also be both an auxiliary and an independent verb. When denied or questioned, " do" is used as an auxiliary verb in Present Simple and Past Simple:
The statement simply says "He plays football" (He plays football).
Negation:
He does not play football
He doesn't play football
He did not play football
He didn't play football
Question:
Does he play football?
He plays football?
Did he play football?
He played football?
If they want to use " do" as an independent verb, then use a different version of "do"
He does his homework every day(affirmative form)
He daily does(does) homeworkHe does n't do his homework every day (negative form)
He doesn't every day does hometasksDoes he do his homework every day? (interrogative form)
He does homework every day?
The verb "to have"
As well as " to be", can act as an auxiliary or independent verb. If it is auxiliary, then it is also used to form time:
Don't forget that there is a big difference between these 4 tenses. If you forgot or don't know the differences, follow the links below. All of them are presented in this article.
The verb "will"
The only verb that can only be used as an auxiliary verb. It serves to form future () tenses:
He will not play football (Simple Future)
He won't play footballHe will have played football (Future Perfect)
He will play football
Auxiliary verbs (auxiliary verbs) are helper verbs. They express different grammatical meanings. Auxiliary verbs are very important because they show tense, number, person and voice. They are used together with semantic verbs that express the action itself.
What are the auxiliary verbs in English?
First of all, of course, to be, to have and to do, which are used almost everywhere, as well as modal verbs: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, will and would.
To be, to do and to have differ from other auxiliary verbs in that they can also be used in a sentence as semantic verbs.
Let's take a closer look at the verbs to be, to do and to have. (We will talk about modal verbs in a separate article).
Auxiliary verb TO BE
How and where is it used?
Auxiliary to be is used both in affirmative and interrogative and negative sentences in the Continuous tenses, as well as in the formation of all tenses in the passive voice.
Form features:
In the table below you can see all forms of the verb to be in Present Simple. It is these forms that are involved in the formation of the Present Continuous time.
| I | am (='m) | am not ('m not) |
| We/You/They | are (= 're) | are not (aren't / 're not) |
| He / She / It | is (='s) | is not (isn't / 's not) |
The forms of the verb to be in Past Simple can be found in the table below. It is these forms that are involved in the formation of the Past Continuous. The negative form is also formed by adding a particle not.
| I / He / She / It | was | wasn't (= wasn't) |
| We/You/They | were | were not (=weren't) |
In interrogative sentences, the verb to be is used before the subject. In short answers to general questions (= questions that can be answered with "Yes" or "No") - after the subject. This applies to both Present Simple and Past Simple (and, accordingly, Present Continuous and Past Continuous).
For example:
—Is he writing a letter now?
-Yes, he is./ No, he isn't.
—was he doing his homework at 6 p. m. yesterday?
-Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.
NB: in a short affirmative answer, the full form of the verb to be is used (are, was etc.), and in a short negative answer, as a rule, it is abbreviated (aren't, wasn't etc.).
The negative form of the imperative mood is formed with do not (don't), i.e., as a general rule.
For example:
Don't be sad. = Don't be sad.
Also to be participates in the formation of tenses in the passive voice.
For example:
The dinner is being served now.
The book was read yesterday.
AuxiliaryTO DO
How and where is it used?
Auxiliary to do used in interrogative and negative sentences, in short answers to general questions, as well as in affirmative sentences to enhance the emotional coloring of the statement in the Present Simple and Past Simple tenses.
Form features:
AT present Simple the verb has one form for pronouns I / you / we / they and another form for He /She / It in both affirmative and negative sentences. The negative form is formed by adding a particle not. In the table below you can see what forms the verb to do has in Present Simple.
In interrogative sentences, the verb to do (in the appropriate form) is used before the subject in both Present Simple and Past Simple. In short answers to general questions - after the subject.
—Do you work long hours?
— Yes, I do. / no, I don't.
-did he tell you about it?
— Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
Also to do used to enhance the emotional coloring in affirmative sentences. In such sentences, after to do, the first form of the semantic verb is used (infinitive without the particle ‘to’).
For example:
I do love yoga! = I really/really love yoga!
He does appreciate it! = He really appreciates it!
We did try help! = We really tried to help!
In such sentences, it is very important to focus on the verb to do(= to say it louder and in a higher voice than usual).
Auxiliary verb TO HAVE
How and where is it used?
Auxiliary tohave used in affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences, as well as in short answers to general questions in group tenses perfect.
Form features:
Consider how the verb is used in the Present Perfect and Past Perfect tenses.
In time Present Perfect verb to have has one form for pronouns I / you / we / they and another form for pronouns he / she / it. The negative form is formed by adding a particle not.
| I/You/We/They | have | have not (= haven't) |
| He / She / It | has | has not (= hasn't) |
NB: it is important to remember that if the verb have used as semantic in Present Simple time, then negation is built by adding a particle not to the auxiliary verb do, not have.
For example:
She doesn't have anytime.
However, if the sentence uses the construction have got, then negation is built according to the rule described in the table above. For example: She hasn't got a car.
In the Past Perfect tense, the form of the verb to have is the same for all persons and numbers. The negative form is also formed by adding a particle not.
| I/You/We/They/He/She/It | had | had not (=hadn't) |
In interrogative sentences, the verb to have is used before the subject in both Present Perfect and Past Perfect. In short answers to general questions - after the subject.
For example:
-has she bought a car yet?
-Yes, she / No, she hasnt.
—Had he made dinner before 6 p.m.?
Yes, he had./ No, he hadn't.
1. Translate into Russian.
1) TO BE1. Matter is constantly changing and is constantly moving.
2. The Curies had been working for four years before they discovered radium.
3. Energy is measured in the same units as work.
1. He told her what happened and left.
2. I will have read the story by 10 o'clock.
3. Have you ever been in Moscow?
1. Why did you not come by the 9 o'clock train?
2. Don't go away!
3. Does he help you? - Yes, he does.
1. I shall be tired after the lecture.
2. Shall he begin the experience?
3. You shall get all the necessary books tomorrow.
1. I said that I should return on Sunday.
2. If he should come, I shall speak to him about it.
3. You should have measured the difference in potential between the points X and Y.
1. We will help you if you wish.
2. All right, I will do it.
3. Will you let me have a look at that letter?
1. She said that they would have taken all the exams by the 21st of June.
2. He said that he would return soon.
3. He thought that we would be working all day.
2. Choose the right option.
1.I... waiting for Pete.a) am b) have c) do d) will
2. He ... finished his work by 7 o'clock.
a) is b) will c) should d) had
3. He … learn French.
a) hasn't b) wouldn't c) doesn't isn't
4. They … go there with pleasure.
a) have b) are c) will do
5. Mary and John … at home last Monday.
a) have b) do c) were will
6. He will … read the story by 10 o'clock.
a) does b) was c) should
7. … open the window.
a) haven't b) don't c) won't isn't
8. The train … arrive at 7.20.
a) has b) is c) will should
9. … have you ever been to the Caucasus?
a) are b) should c) have to do
10. The train … have left by the time they get to the station.
a) is b) does c) will has
3. Make up sentences.
1. seem, he, unfriendly, does, ?2. I, the typist, came, the letters, when, typing, was.
3. just, the agreement, has, by, the director, been, signed.
4. his mother, returns, he, be, will, working, when.
5. go, did, to, cinema, you, the, yesterday,?
6. my, he, I, finished, before, had, work, returned.
Right answers:
1. Translate into Russian.
1) TO BE1. Matter is constantly changing and constantly moving.
2. The Curies worked for four years before they discovered radium.
3. Energy is measured in the same units as work.
2) TO HAVE
1. He told her what happened and left.
2. I will have to read the story by 10 o'clock.
3. Have you ever been to Moscow?
3) TO DO
1. Why didn't you come by the 9 o'clock train?
2. Don't leave!
3. Does he help you? - Yes.
4) SHALL
1. I will be tired after the lecture.
2. Start him experience?
3. You must bring all the necessary books tomorrow.
5) SHOULD
1. I said that I would be back on Sunday.
2. If he comes, I will talk to him about it.
3. You should measure the potential difference between points X
and Y.
6) WILL
1. We will help you if you want.
2. Okay, I'll do it.
3. Please let me have a look at this letter.
7) WOULD
1. She said that they will pass all the exams by June 21st.
2. He said that he would be back soon.
3. He thought that we would work all day.
2. Choose the correct option.
1. a | 2. d | 3. c | 4. c | 5. c | 6. c | 7b | 8. c | 9. c | 10.c3. Make sentences.
1. Does he seem unfriendly?2. The typist was typing the letters when I came.
3. The agreement has just been signed by the director.
4. He will be working when his mother returns.
5. Did you go to the cinema yesterday?
6. I had finished my work before he returned.
Auxiliary verb in English- the same reality as changing the ending in Russian. The mistake that everyone makes at first is to say sentences withoutauxiliary verbs.
Semantic andauxiliary verbs in English
Imagine an elegant gentleman in a tailcoat, with a cane, who wants to cross to the other side of the river where there is no bridge. On the other side, his bride is waiting for him. Of course, he can’t get it by swimming - he will get wet and lose his presentability. We need a boatman, a simple peasant who will take all the work on himself, will row, and a fresh gentleman will be delivered unchanged.
A young man in a tailcoat issemantic verb(main verb). His girlfriend, waiting on the other side of the river, is the listener to whom the meaning of the sentence needs to be conveyed.
Well, who is the boatman, you probably already guessed.
it auxiliary(auxiliary) verb - one that does not carry a special meaning (the girl / listener is not waiting for him), but can serve as an intermediary.
As the name suggests, auxiliary verbshelpother members of the proposal. If you look at any of the phrases where there isauxiliary verb, you will notice that he always stands in front of the semantic, approximately, like a bodyguard in front of an important person.
Idon't eat pork. I don't eat pork.
(Here in the first place auxiliarydo, then semanticeat).
Imight eat this. I might eat it.
Might (may)- auxiliary verb, and it works in tandem with the semantic verbeat (eat).
In what situations are these intermediaries needed?
rare English sentence does without them. Auxiliary verbs give us information aboutmodalities, aspect and bail. Let's brush up on these concepts a bit, shall we?
- Modalityshows how reliable the speaker's statement seems to be.
It's just a guess, a fantasy about where to spend your vacation. There is an auxiliary verb heremay, which expresses the idea of possibility (with a certain percentage of doubt).
If replace may (can) on the must (must), it will have a completely different meaning:
Imust go to China. I have to go to China.
Wow, everything is more serious here, it seems that the speaker has signed an agreement with an employer in this country.
So, without changing the semantic "go”, with the help of modal auxiliary verbs, you can ensure that the sentence is understood differently.
- Aspectindicates whether the event has completed, whether it is currently ongoing, or whether it repeats regularly.
Completed event corresponds Perfect, as in Present Perfect, Past Perfect and so on.
Ihave eaten gluten-free pasta. I ate gluten free pasta.
Here haveshows the aspect of completeness: the pasta has already been eaten by the speaker, the gluten-free dinner is over.
For long events reserved Continuous, as in Present Continuous, Past Continuous, etc.
Iam eating a delicious meal right now. I'm eating delicious food right now.
If a the event happens regularly, then aspect will be usedSimplewhich means "simple". This happens in Present, Future and Past Simple. In this case, auxiliary verbs will be needed to ask a question or make a negation.
DoI know you? Do I know you?
No, you don't. No.
Do and don'tin these examples are helpers.
By the way, we have a very detailed article about the verbdo here .
- Voices, or pledges
From pledgedepends on whether the offer is passive or active.
Passive voice:
Iam followed by paparazzis. The paparazzi follow me.
Active Collateral:
Paparazzis follow me. The paparazzi are following me.
(We see the auxiliary verb -am- where the pledge is passive).
Passive Voice is always formed with a verbto be(in its various forms):
Youare loved. You are loved.
Sheis loved. She is loved.
Weare loved. We are loved.
Iwas loved. I was loved.
If you want to know more about the passive voice - read our material on this topic, .
Needinversion when auxiliary verbs will help you out
No need to explain how importantinversion, or reversal of word order in English. This is especially evident in interrogative sentences.
Usually, if the subject is after the verb, and not in its usual position, before all verbs, then we can conclude that this is a question.
There is only one point: not any verb can be put in the place of the subject.
In offers:
Do you need any help? Do you need help?
Are are you joking? Are you joking?
Do and areperform the functions of intermediary verbs. By themselves, they do not translate in any way, but along with them, as if by magic, an interrogative structure appears.
If we try to do without intermediaries, we get this:
need you any help? Do you need help?
Joking you? Are you kidding?
Here we tried to get by with only semantic verbs, but rather clumsy phrases came out, right? Never do this, always use auxiliary verbs.
The table below lists all formsbe, do and have.
Auxiliary verbs in English: table
How to recognize auxiliary verb?
Be, do and havemay sometimes take a day off from work as a boatman and be used in their own lexical meaning:
- Be - to be, to be
- Do - do
- have - have
And so, you see such a verb in a sentence, but how can you understand whether it is now “working” as an assistant or not?
You just need to see if there are any other verbs nearby.
If there are several, and it looks something like this:
- Don't eat
- is fighting
- have jumped
- has been working
This means that those verbs that are at the beginning have discarded their personal meaning and are auxiliary.
Tanyais just a child. Tanya- just a child (is a child).
Here ismeans "to be". This is the only verb in the sentence, which means that it is semantic.
Tanyais crying loud. Tanya is crying loudly.
Here isstands before another, semantic verb(crying- crying), so he dropped his meaning of "to appear." In this caseto be(in the shape of is) helps to express the aspect of duration, because the girl is crying for a while.
So if you seedo, have or be, which are combined with other verbs - this is a sure sign that there are auxiliary verbs here, and they should not be tried to be translated according to the dictionary meaning.
Auxiliary verbs in English by tenses
All tenses with "Continuous" (or "Progressive") in their name use the verbto be.
Present continuous tense- Present Continuous
Use Present Continuousto show that something happens over a period of time.
Often used abbreviations:
I am reduced to I'm
She (he, it)- before he's, she's, it's
You are, they are decrease to you're, they're.
Iam standing in line and trying to get a drink. I'm standing in line, trying to order a drink.
Am- auxiliary,standing- "ing" form of the verbto standfor the present continuous.
Heis surfing the waves like a professional. He rides the waves like a pro.
Is- auxiliary,surfing- continuous semantic formto surf.
Past continuous tense. Past Continuous
This tense is used when talking about long-term actions in the past, and also when an action in the past is interrupted by another action.
Forming it is logical: auxiliarybeput in the past tense (wasfor the singular andwere- for plural). The ending-ing, characteristic of Continuous, remains.
Iwas eating my burger, when they brought coke. I was eating my burger when the cola arrived.
We see two verbs in a row:was (was) and eating. wasnot translated, it helps the verbeatset the right time.
Theywere telling about their marriage. They talked about their marriage.
Here the auxiliary verb iswereis the plural form.
Future Continuous Tense. Future Continuous Time
Is something going to happen in the future that you feel like it will take a long time, like a renovation? Use the Future Progressive tense to explain this.
Of the auxiliary verbs we find herewill and bein the infinitive (withoutto).
Verb denoting the future tense -will,you can often hear and see in an abbreviated form:
- She'll- She will be)
- I'll- I will)
- He'll- he will)
But this can only be done with pronouns. With proper names and nouns this is not possible. Type constructions"Ivan'll", "woman'll" does not happen, although sometimes in a stream of fast oral speech it sounds exactly like that.
I'll be doing my exercises to stay in shape. I will do exercises to stay in shape.
Annawill be working with Ivan. Anna will work with Ivan.
In tenses containing the word "Perfect", without auxiliary verbs, too, nowhere.
Any of the sentences in the perfect tense contains an auxiliary verbhave. It can take the following forms:have, has, had and having.
Present Perfect
The very word "Present" indicates that the Present Perfect is associated with the present moment. Of course, the action began in the past, but the main thing is thatnowwe have the result of this action.
Hasused for the third person singular, andhave- for all other persons and numbers.
Alexhas alreadyseen the apartment. Alex has already seen the apartment.
(Has- auxiliary,seen- past participle).
Ihave rented another apartment. I rented another apartment.
(Here the auxiliary verb ishave, and took away the semantic loadrented- third form of the verbto rent - take off).
And here the abbreviations are used:have turns into 've, a has- just in 's
It's made my day! This made my day!
past perfect
Ihad already seen the apartment, so I didn't want to go there one more time. I had already seen that apartment, so I didn't want to go there again.
When an event preceded another event in the past, the Elapsed Ended tense should be used.
Here is the auxiliary verb -had, since it is the past tense ofhave.
Future Perfect
Future Completed is needed when we want to say something that will be completed in the future. The template for it is:
Iwill have seen the apartment tomorrow by 3 p.m. I will see the apartment by three o'clock tomorrow.
Will, haveare auxiliary verbs.Seen- this is Past Participle (past participle) forsee (see).
Modal auxiliary verbs
This is a special group of auxiliaries. In addition to the fact that these words are intermediaries in various grammatical constructions and perform the function of auxiliary ones, they bring a lot of their modal meaning to the sentence. Take a look:
Sentence without modal verb
I have a cappuccino.
Can be translated as "I drink cappuccino" or "I have cappuccino".
Same but with the verbcan:
Can I have a cappuccino?
Has the meaning: "Can I have a cappuccino?" It could also mean“Can I have a cappuccino or am I not allowed?”.
In general, modal verbs color speech in different shades of desires, possibilities and impossibilities. At the same time, they can be used to ask a question, to turn an affirmative sentence into a negative one, to give a short answer to a question, etc.
Remember that usually when asking a question (or saying a negative sentence), we use the verbdo. So, modal verbs do not tolerate other auxiliary next to them and do just fine without"do".
Here is an interrogative sentence without a modal verb:
Does your dog read your mind? Does your dog read your mind?
(Requireddoesat the beginning of a sentence).
As soon as modality appears,cantakes over auxiliary functions,do not needed:
Can your dog read your mind? Can your dog read your mind?
The same goes for negatives. Regular suggestion:
Idon't have a cappuccino. I don't have a cappuccino.
We add a modal verb, and it displacesdo:
Ican't have a cappuccino. I can't have a cappuccino / I can't have a cappuccino.
Want to know more? Follow the links and read our materials on modal verbs.
About may, can and might -
Can and could-
About should and shall -
Auxiliary verbs are not so numerous, but a very important group of words in English. It is rare that a proposal can be made without their help. Not in all languages of the world auxiliaries play such a big role. So, in Russian we do fine without them. That is why it is highly desirable to take into account this difference and study English auxiliary verbs. We believe that you will definitely succeed!
A verb is a part of speech that denotes an action. There are two types of verbs in English: semantic and auxiliary. Semantic ones carry a certain meaning, that is, they denote an action or state. For example: wait, love, miss, run.
What are auxiliary verbs for? What are they? When theyare used and who do they help? Now I will tell you.
What are auxiliary verbs for?
Auxiliary verbs do not carry meaning and are not translated in any way. They act as pointers that help us determine:
- Time of what is happening (present, future, past),
- Number of actors (many or one).
English has the following auxiliary verbs: be, do, have. We will dwell on each of them in more detail later, but for now let's figure out what an "auxiliary verb" is.
How in Russian?
It is very difficult for Russian people to understand what an “auxiliary verb” is and why it was invented at all. In fact, everything is very simple. In Russian, in order to understand at what time an action is performed and who performs it, we change the endings.
... ghoul la- tells us that there was one person (a woman) and in the past (yesterday or some time ago) she went outside and breathed some air for a while.
... ghoul no- tells us that one person in the present went outside and breathes air for some time (now).
... ghoul eat- tells us that many people in the present have gone outside and breathe the air for a while (now).
As you can see, in Russian we change the word itself (ending) and thanks to this we understand who and when did the action.
How is it in English?
The English (fortunately for us) are too lazy to change words, because then their language would be very complicated. So they decided that they would put additional little words before actions. These small words will show the time and the number of people who perform the action.
Attention: Do you want to overcome the language barrier and speak English? Find out in Moscow how our students start speaking in 1 month!
In this case, we change only small words (auxiliary verbs) before actions, and not the verbs themselves. Let's see how this happens.
Let's take a semantic verb swim(more precisely, its swimming form).
Swimming in the pool.
___ ______ swim
We understand WHAT a person / people do - he rakes the water with his hands in order to stay on it and not drown. But can we understand WHEN a person/people do this? Yesterday? Today now? Tomorrow? And can we understand how many people do this action? One? Or more than one? No.
Now let's add the auxiliary verb be:
am swimming
melt ayu
are swimming
melt cabins
were swimming
melt ali
will be swimming
will swimming be
Now we see that:
- In the first case, a person speaks about himself, and the action is taking place at the present moment, now ( am swimming)
- in the second, we are talking about several people (more than one) and in the present tense ( are swimming)
- in the third case, we have the past tense, that is, the action was yesterday or already happened, and a lot of people ( were swimming)
- in the fourth we're talking about the future will be swimming)
We do not translate the auxiliary verb, but it helps us in the correct tense and number to translate the semantic verb with which it goes.
By the way, in Russian there is still one auxiliary verb. You all know him - this word will be. When we talk about the future, we say "I will, he will, we will." This is what points us to the future.
I will dance all night.
We we will to swim.
What are the auxiliary verbs in English?
As I said, there are not so many auxiliary verbs in English: do, have, be. These same verbs can also be semantic and have meaning:
- do - to do
- have - to have,
- be - to be.
Important: once again I will say that we consider these verbs as auxiliary. Therefore, they are not translated. Compare the sentences in the examples.
He is a doctor.
He is doctor. (Here be is a semantic verb. It carries the meaning of “to be, to appear.”)
He is going to a doctor.
He goes to the doctor. (Here be is an auxiliary verb - it helps to understand that the action (the semantic verb "to go") is happening at the present time)
They have a cat.
They are have cat. (Here have is a semantic verb. It carries the meaning of "to have, to own".)
They have fed a cat already.
They have already fed the cat. (Here have is an auxiliary verb. It helps to understand that the action (to feed) has already been completed recently.)
I do my homework.
I do mine homework. (Here do is a semantic verb. It carries the meaning of "do".)
Do do you learn English?
Do you learn English? (Here do is an auxiliary verb. It helps to understand that the action (to learn) is happening at the present time.)
Auxiliary verb be
Now we will consider all forms of auxiliary verbs in different times: Present, Past and Future.
| Pronouns | present tense (Present Tense) |
Past tense (Past Tense) |
Future time (Future Tense) |
| I | am | was | will |
| you, they, we | are | were | will |
| he, she, it | is | was | will |
She is sleeping.
She is sleeping.
They are dancing now.
They are dancing now.
We were watching TV, when he came.
We were watching TV when he came.
my sister will go abroad.
My sister will go abroad.
We examined this verb in semantic form in great detail in these articles:
Auxiliary verb do
| Pronouns | present tense (Present Tense) |
Past tense (Past Tense) |
Future time (Future Tense) |
| I | do | did | will |
| you, they, we | do | did | will |
| he, she, it | does | did | will |
I don’
t know it.
I don't know it.
She doesn't like to sing.
She doesn't like to sing.
He didn't watch this film.
He didn't watch this movie.
They will give up smoking.
They will quit smoking.
Auxiliary verb have
| Pronouns | present tense (Present Tense) |
Past tense (Past Tense) |
Future time (Future Tense) |
| I | have | had | will have |
| you, they, we | have | had | will have |
| he, she, it | has | had | will have |
I have lived here for five years.
I lived here for five years.
She has worked as a doctor since 2007.
She has been a doctor since 2007.
They had read this text.
They have read this text.
We will have prepared it, before you come.
We'll have it ready before you come.
As you can see, auxiliary verbs are very important, because we use them to determine exactly what tense is used and how many people are involved in it. So do not forget about them, despite the fact that we do not translate them.
I hope now you understand what auxiliary verbs are, as well as how and when to use them. Now let's move on to practice!
Reinforcement task
And now, to consolidate, translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to our pointers - auxiliary verbs:
1. He will go to the cinema.
2. My sister is playing tennis now.
3. They have broken the window.
4. I don't speak Spanish.
5. We will dance all night.
6. She didn't take this pen.
7. You will not buy this dress.
As always, write your answers in the comments.
