In this lesson, we will analyze the most important German verbs: haben and sein. It is with these verbs that you need to start learning the German language. Why these verbs are so important and where they are used, seelesson from StartDeutsch :

After watching the lesson, read presentation again and learn all unfamiliar phrases:

Phrases you can print and read:

Ich habe ein Buch - I have a book

Du hast Fieber - You have a fever

Sie hateinen Hund - She has a dog

Wir haben Hunger - We are hungry

Ihr habtdie Wahl - You have a choice

Sie haben Fragen - They have questions

Sie haben Idea - Do you have ideas?

Ich bin Anna - I am Anna

Du bist gesund - You are healthy

Es ist kalt - Cold

Der Tisch ist groß - Large table

Wir sind Studenten - We are students

Ihr seid sehr klug - You are very smart

Sie sind hier - They are here

Conjugation table for haben and sein. Print or copy it and memorize it!

Exercises

1. Complete interactive exercises:

2. Do exercises on the conjugation of the verb sein:

Exercises at sein.pdf

3. Do the exercise "Pets" start, and the exercise will begin.

4. Do the exercise "Dimensions". In the window that appears, click on the word at the top right start, and the exercise will begin.

5. Do the exercise "Colors". In the window that appears, click on the word at the top right start, and the exercise will begin.

6. Complete the exercise "Describing Pets". In the window that appears, click on the word at the top right start, and the exercise will begin.

Song lyrics:

Hast du ein Tier? - Do you have a pet?
Ja, ich habe ein Tier. - Yes, I have a pet.
Und was fur ein Tier? - And what kind of animal?
Ich habe einen Hund. - I have a dog.

Und wie heist dein Hund? - What's your dog's name?
Rufus heist mein Hund. Rufus is my dog's name.
Und wie alt ist dein Hund? - And how old is your dog?
Er ist sieben Jahre alt. - He is 7 years old.

Hat dein Hund Federn? - Does your dog have feathers?
Nein! Er hat keine Federn! - Not! He has no feathers!
Keine Schuppen? Keinen Panzer? - No scales? No shell?
Nein! Er hat (ein) Fell. - Not! He has fur.

Ist er klein oder groß? - Is it small or big?
Mein Hund ist sehr groß! - My dog ​​is very big!
Dein Hund ist sehr groß? - Is your dog very big?
Ja, genau wie ich. - Yes, just like me.

Und ist er braun oder schwarz? - Is it brown or black?
Mein Hund ist ganz schwarz. - My dog ​​is completely black.
Seine Ohren sind auch schwarz? Are his ears black too?
Ja! Er ist ein schwarzer Hund. - Yes! He is a black dog.

There is no correspondence to the German verb sein in Russian. It is used as an auxiliary verb to form past compound tenses in German (eg Perfekt) and also as a linking verb. Compare the following examples:

I am a student. Pine is a coniferous tree.
Russian proposal can be formed without a verb. This is not possible in the German sentence:

Ich binStudent. Die Fichte ist ein Nadelbaum. Linking verb as part of a compound nominal predicate must be present.

Verb conjugations sein

Ich bin student. Wir sind Praktikanten.
Du best Lehrerin. Ihr seid Betreuer.
Er ist bauer. Sie sind Erzieherinnen.
Sie ist Erztin.
Es ist kalt. Sie sind professoren.

Read more about the conjugation of the verb sein

Exercises/Übungen

1. Insert the appropriate form of the verb “sein”

1. Deutschland… ein Bundesstaat.
2. Wir … endlich in Berlin!
3. Sveta und Igor… Praktikanten.
4. Berlin … die Hauptstadt von Deutschland.
5. Hallo Nina! … du hier schon lange?
6. Die Ostsee und die Nordsee … die natürlichen Grenzen Deutschlands im Norden.
7. Die Währung von Deutschland … Euro.
8. Welche Länder … zurzeit in der Europäischen Union (EU)?
9. …ihr Betreuer oder auch Praktikanten?
10. Meine Gastfamilie …eine Bäckerfamilie.

2. Make sentences paying attention to the use of articles:

For example: Der Weizen ist eine Getreideart.

Die Nelke	ist	getreideart
Das Schwein	?	Blume
Die Kuh, das Rind	sind	Jungtiere
Die Tanne		Laubbaum
Der Ahorn		Geflugel
Das Ferkel, das Fohlen, das Kalb		Haustier
Die Ente, das Huhn, die Gans		Nadelbaum
Der Weizen, der Roggen, die Gerste		Haustiere

3. Do you know the capitals? Continue suggestions:

1. Die Hauptstadt von Armenien ist ... .
2. Die Hauptstadt von Weißrussland ist ... .
3. Die Hauptstadt von Russland ist ... .
4. Die Hauptstadt von Kirgisien ist ... .
5. Die Hauptstadt von Kasachstan ist ... .
6. Die Hauptstadt von der Ukraine ist ... .
7. Die Hauptstadt von Moldawien ist ... .
8. Die Hauptstadt von Usbekistan ist ... .

→Kiew, Astana, Bischkek, Minsk, Taschkent, Moskau, Kischinau, Eriwan, Baku.

4. Ask 7-8 questions about capital cities and answer them using negative. For example:

East London die Hauptstadt von Deutschland? – Nein, die Hauptstadt von Deutschland ist nicht London, Sondern Berlin.

5. Fill in the gaps in the dialogue by inserting the appropriate form of the verb "sein".

Claus: Robert, wo … du?
Robert: Ich…hier! Aber ihr … nothing hier. Wo…ihr?
iris: Wir…hier!
Robert: Nein, ihr… nothing da! Wo…ihr?
Claus: Wir - Iris und ich - ... hier! Wo…du, Robert?
Robert: Ich…hier! Ich finde euch nothing! Wo…ihr?
iris: Hier! Wir…hier!
Robert: Na endlich! Da…ihr ja!

The most common German verbs are the verbs "haben - to have, to have at the disposal" and "sein - to exist, to be, to be". A feature of these verbs is that when used in German speech, they do not necessarily carry a semantic load. In addition to use in their usual lexical meaning they are used as auxiliary verbs, which serve in German to form verb tenses and other constructions. In this case, they do not have their usual dictionary meaning, and the lexical meaning is conveyed by the semantic verb, with which they form the corresponding grammatical construction.

Similar topics:

Verbs HABENand SEIN belong to irregular, in other words, irregular verbs of the German language, therefore their formation must be remembered: it is not subject to any template rules for the formation of verb forms. The three main forms inherent in the German verb, they also form in a very peculiar way:

1st form: infinitive (indefinite form) = Infinitiv

2nd form: imperfect / preterite (past simple) = Imperfekt / Präteritum

3rd form: Participle II (participle II) = Partizip II

1 - haben / 2 - hatte / 3 - gehabt

1 - sein / 2 - war / 3 - gewesen

German verb conjugation HABEN, SEIN in Präsens (present), Indikativ (indicative)

Singular, 1-3 person			Plural, 1-3 person

German verb conjugation HABEN, SEIN in Präteritum (past simple), Indikativ (indicative)

Singular, 1-3 person			Plural, 1-3 person

The verb SEIN is also called a linking verb. He received this name because, since the verb in the German sentence plays a primary role in the construction of the syntactic construction and its presence in the sentence is mandatory, then in cases where the verb is not present in the sentence, it takes its place and links the sentence into a single whole. This is not natural for the Russian language, so this rule must be firmly grasped. For example:

• Er ist bescheuert, findest du nothing? - He (is) crazy, don't you think?
• Dein Protege ist Elektronikbastler, und wir brauchen einen qualifizierten Funkingenieur. - Your protégé (is) a radio amateur, and we need a qualified radio engineer.

Thus, in German sentences of this kind, the linking verb SEIN must be present. At the same time, it is not translated into Russian.

Now consider the use of the two main verbs of the German language as auxiliary in the formation of tense verb forms - the past compound tenses Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt, and the principle of choosing an auxiliary verb equally applies to both indicative (Indikativ) and subjunctive mood (Konjunktiv). When used in this function, the choice of the verb is essential HABENor SEIN to build a certain grammatical structure, which is dictated by the semantic features of the semantic verb and some of its other characteristics.

• Perfekt Indikativ = personal form sein / haben (Präsens) + semantic verb (Partizip II)
• Plusquamperfekt Indikativ = personal form haben / sein (Imperfekt) + semantic verb (Partizip II)

Choosing a verb as an auxiliary: HABENor SEIN

Choice HABEN	SEIN selection
1. For not transitive verbs, which do not denote any movement in space or time, movement or transition from one state to another	1. For intransitive verbs that denote any movement in space, movement
2. For verbs that denote a long, extended state in time	2. For intransitive verbs that denote a transition from one state to another
3. For transitive verbs, which, accordingly, require a direct object in the accusative case after themselves *	3. The verb SEIN itself in its usual lexical meaning "to be, to be, to exist"
4. For reflexive verbs that are used with the particle sich and denote an orientation (return) to actor(subject)	4. For a number of verbs that always form temporary forms with SEIN and which need to be remembered: “become - werden”, “succeed - gelingen”, “meet - begegnen”, “stay - bleiben”, “happen, occur - passieren, geschehen »
5. For modal verbs: “should = be obliged to smth. do - sollen", "should = be forced to sth.-l. do - müssen", "want, like, love - möchten", "wish, want - wollen", "have the right, permission to smth., be able - dürfen", "be able, be able, be able - können"
6. For impersonal verbs used in impersonal sentences and denoting various natural phenomena (precipitation, etc.).
7. The verb HABEN itself in its usual lexical meaning "to have, possess, own"

* Here it is very important to always take into account the fact that the property of transitivity / intransitivity of Russian and German verbs when translated within a given language pair does not coincide in all cases, so you should always check (if there is no firm certainty) the control of the verb in the dictionary.

Consider the choice and use of verbs HABENor SEIN as supporting examples. All examples are given in the indicative mood.

HABEN

(1) Nach der Gesellschafterversammlung hat er sich ganz schnell von seinen Kollegen verabschiedet. - After the meeting of the founders, he very quickly said goodbye to his colleagues. (Here we have intransitive verb in its semantics, it has nothing to do with movement or movement, therefore the form Perfect is formed with the help of "haben").

(2) Gestern hatte er über drei Stunden am Nachmittag geschlafen, was ihn wieder gesund und munter machte. Yesterday he slept more than three hours in the afternoon, which made him healthy and alert again. (The verb of continuous state is used in Plusquamperfekt with "haben").

(3) Anlässlich unseres letzten Aufenthaltes in Holland haben wir endlich unsere Freunde in Amsterdam besucht und ihre Kinder kennengelernt. – During our last stay in Holland, we finally visited our friends in Amsterdam and got to know their children. (Both verbs are transitive and form the Perfect with "haben").

(4) Dein Sohn hatsich immer sämtlichen Forderungen der Erwachsenen und allen möglichen festgelegten Regeln widersetzt. “Your son always resisted and did not comply with all the requirements of adults and all sorts of rigidly established rules. (The choice of the verb "haben" for the formation of the form Perfect is due to the recurrence of the semantic verb).

(5) Ehrlich gesagt ist es immer mein Wunschbuch gewesen. Ich habe aber immer gewollt es zu lesen und nie gelesen. “Honestly, I have always dreamed of this book. However, I always wanted to read it and never read it. (The modal verb forms the Perfect with "haben").

(6) Erinnerst du dich an den Tag im Juni 1978, an welchem ​​es richtig geschneit hat? Do you remember that day in June 1978 when the real snow started falling? ("Haben" is chosen as an auxiliary verb to form the Perfekt form, since we are dealing here with an impersonal verb).

(7) Ich habe nie ein eigenes Zimmer gehabt. “I never had my own room. (The semantic verb "haben" forms Perfect with the auxiliary verb "haben").

SEIN

(1) In diese gemütliche Dreizimmerwohnung sind wir vor drei Jahren eingezogen. We moved into this cozy three-room apartment three years ago. (The verb of motion forms the Perfect form with "sein").

(2) Am Ende dieses sehr schönen und eblebnisvollen Tages ist das kind sofort eingeschlafen. - At the end of this wonderful and very eventful day, the child immediately fell asleep. (The choice of the verb "sein" for the formation of the form Perfect is due to the semantics of the semantic verb, which conveys the transition from one state to another).

(3) Sie haben mich mit jemandem verwechselt. Vorgestern war ich hier nothing gewesen. (Plusquamperfekt of the verb "sein" requires it as an auxiliary verb).

(4) a) Das ist unbegreiflich, dass uns so was passiert ist. “It is incomprehensible that something like this could happen to us. (One of those verbs that always form Perfect and Plusquamperfekt with the verb "sein").

b) Gestern ist es dir richtig gut gelungen, alle unangenehmen Fragen ausweichend zu beantworten. “Yesterday you were really lucky to avoid direct answers to all the unpleasant questions. (This verb always requires "sein" as an auxiliary.)

in) Seine Schwester hatte das unangenehme Gefühl, dass ihr jemand ständig gefolgtwar. – His sister had an unpleasant feeling that someone was constantly following her = she was constantly being followed by someone. (With this verb, "sein" is always used as an auxiliary).

G) Dieser Junge ist mutterseelenallein geblieben, als er noch ganz klein war. - This boy was left alone in the wide world, when he was still very small. (With this verb, "sein" is always used as an auxiliary).

e) In der Schwimmhalle war sie zufällig ihrer alten Schulfreundin begegnet. In the pool, she accidentally met her old school friend. (With this verb, "sein" is always used as an auxiliary).

e) was nothing Geschehenist, ist nothing Geschehen. – What didn’t happen didn’t happen. (With this verb, “sein” is always used as an auxiliary).

There are a number of verbs in German that have several different meanings depending on how they are used in a particular context. The presence of certain qualities in it (for example, transitivity / intransitivity) may depend on the meaning that the verb conveys in a particular situation, and, accordingly, various auxiliary verbs for the formation of temporary forms. For example:

• So ein schönes und modernes Auto bin ich noch nie gefahren. “I have never driven such a magnificent modern car. (In this case, we have an intransitive verb of motion, since it is used in the meaning "to go", so "sein" is chosen for the Perfect form.)

In German, the verb (verb) sein can be called the main one. With its help, times and others are built language constructs as well as idioms. German verb. sein in its functionality is an analogue of the English verb. to be. It has the same meaning and also changes its form when conjugated.

German verb. sein as an independent verb. in its full lexical meaning is translated as "to be". In the present tense (Präsens) it is conjugated like this:

Singular (singular)

Ic h (I) - bin (is)

Du (you) - bist (is)

Er / sie / es (he / she / it) - ist (is)

plural (plural)

Wir (we) - sind (is)

Ihr (you) - seid (is)

Sie / sie (you / they) - sind (is)

In the past incomplete tense (Präteritum) it is conjugated like this:

Singular (singular)

Ich (I) - war (was / was)

Du (you) - warst (was / was)

Er / sie / es (he / she / it) - war (was / was / was)

plural (plural)

Wir (we) - waren (were)

Ihr (you) - wart (were)

Sie / sie (you / they) - waren (were)

The third form of the verb sein - gewesen is not conjugated.

By its structure, a German sentence cannot exist without a verb, in the case of the verb sein, when translating, we do not always translate it.

For example: Ich bin der Zahnarzt und meine Ehefrau ist die Deutschlehrerin. I am a dentist and my wife is a German teacher.

Heute sind sehr viele Program in diesem Gebiet. - Today there are a lot of programs in this area.

We can use the German verb. sein in twelve different shades:

- 1. when indicating (indicative) the quality, condition or status of someone or something: Das Wetter ist gut. - Good weather. Meine Mutter ist die Hausfrau. - My mother a housewife.

- 2. at the decree. and the location or location of someone or something: Weißt du, wo meine Schlüssel sind? Do you know where my keys are?

- 3. at the decree. the time and place of someone's event: Weißt du noch, wann die erste Mondlandung war? Do you know when the first moon landing was?

- 4. + zu + Infinitiv when indicated. to the fact that something must happen or something needs to be done: Die Rechnung ist innerhalb von 5 Tagen zu überweisen. – The invoice must be paid within 5 days.

- 5. + zu + Infinitiv when indicated. to the fact that something else can be done (taking into account spiritual, physical or material factors): Diese Schachpartie ist noch zu gewinnen. This game of chess can still be won.

- 6. (gerade) bei etw./am + substantiviertem Infinitiv when dict. to the fact that someone is doing something right now: Er ist gerade dabei, das Fahrrad zu reparieren. He is now repairing a bicycle.

- 7. at the decree. to the fact that someone or something comes from a certain place: Ich komme aus der Ukraine. - I'm from Ukraine.

- 8. at the decree. to the fact that something came from someone: Ich weiß nicht, von wem diese Blumen sind. I don't know who these flowers are from.

- 9. at the decree. to a positive or negative attitude towards someone or something: Monika ist dafür, dass wir heute eine Party machen. - Monica for (she likes) that we are having a party tonight. Ich bin gegen diesen Ausflug. I am against this campaign.

— 10. upon notification that someone is no longer alive: Seine Frau ist nicht mehr. “His wife is no more.

- 11. when referring to someone's condition: Ich muss ausgehen, mir ist schlecht. - I need to go out, I'm sick.

- 12. when indicating one's attitude to something: Nach so viel Stress war mir nicht nach Feiern. - After such stress, I was not up to the celebrations.

In addition to the fact that the German verb. sein is used as an independent, it can perform the function of an auxiliary verb. to form the past tense forms Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt.

When forming the past complete tense (Perfekt), sein, as an auxiliary verb. conjugates in the present tense and is in second place in a simple preposition, and the perfect participle of the main verb. stands at the very end: Gestern bin ich nach München gefahren. – Yesterday I went to Munich.

Auxiliary verb. sein forms Perfect only with verbs denoting movement, change of state, as well as exceptions: sein (to be), werden (to get up), bleiben (to stay), begegnen (to meet), gelingen (will turn out), misslingen (will not work out), geschehen (to happen), passieren (to happen).

When forming the past complete tense (Perfekt), sein, as an auxiliary verb. conjugates in the past tense Präteritum and is in second place in simple sentence, and the perfect participle of the main verb. stands at the very end: Sie waren seit langem nach Belgien umgezogen. They moved to Belgium a long time ago.