The mind of the cosmos and the mind of its creatures The universe is one, but it can be conditionally divided into three areas. One is huge and, as if, unconscious. This is the realm of suns, eternally fading and re-emerging. The second is the world of relatively small and therefore cooled bodies. These are planets, moons,

"Bacchic Song" Alexander Pushkin

What silenced the joyful voice?
Give out, bachal refrains!
Long live the gentle maidens
And the young wives who loved us!
Pour a full glass!
To the sounding bottom
In thick wine
Throw the treasured rings!
Let's raise our glasses, let's move them together!
Long live the Muses, long live the mind!
You, holy sun, burn!
How does this lamp turn pale
Before the clear dawn,
So false wisdom flickers and smolders
Before the sun of the immortal mind.
Long live the sun, long live the darkness!

Analysis of Pushkin's poem "Bacchic Song"

It's no secret that Alexander Pushkin loved noisy companies and often arranged real feasts, to which fellow lyceum students were invited. It was to the Thracian god Bacchus, who patronizes winemaking, that the poet dedicated a huge number of his works. However, gatherings over a glass of good wine for Pushkin are not only a pleasant pastime. This is a special ritual that is designed to unite friendship, give food for thought and help find inspiration.

In 1825, while in the family estate of Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin wrote the poem "Bacchic Song", which is filled with optimism and hope for a brighter future. It is worth noting that the poet is going through difficult times. He is actually exiled to the wilderness, and is under the tacit supervision of his own father. Therefore, guests and feasts simply cannot be discussed. But it is precisely the warm friendly company at this moment that the 26-year-old poet is missing, who exclaims with nostalgia: “Hold out, bachal refrains!”.

The author understands that his stay in Mikhailovskoye will not last forever, and the day will come when he will be able to see his fellow Lyceum students. Some of them still secretly visit Pushkin, and on such days the poet feels like the happiest person. Nevertheless, he dreams of a real holiday and, turning to his friends, urges them to pour more full glasses. “Let's raise our glasses, let's move them at once!” Pushkin dreams, recalling his carefree and serene youth. The poet believes that the best years of his life are not in the past, and many amazing discoveries await him ahead.

Despite a rather light and festive attitude to life, Pushkin is still a philosopher in his soul. Therefore, the process of drinking in itself does not fascinate him. The common phrase that the truth should be sought in wine is not an empty phrase for the poet. After all, the most daring ideas and the best poems are born in Pushkin during feasts, and his life motto is formulated in the line: “Long live the muses, long live the mind!”.

For some, a feast with friends is entertainment. The poet sees the highest meaning in such a pastime. After all, it is during such meetings that “false wisdom flickers and smolders before the immortal sun of the mind.” And such holidays of the soul and heart of Pushkin, who is forced to lead a solitary lifestyle of a person rejected by society, are especially lacking at this moment. Of course, in such meetings, all components are important - and "thick wine", into which, according to tradition, friends threw rings received from beautiful ladies, and conversations on the themes of love and friendship, and poetic improvisations. Therefore, Pushkin expresses the hope that very soon everything will return to normal, and such feasts will once again become an integral part of his life. In the meantime, he is forced to be content with memories of the happiest years, when he could often meet with friends, read poetry to them and raise toasts to "the young wives who loved us."

However, the poet dreams not only about feasts. The last line in the poem clearly indicates that Pushkin wants to change this world. “Long live the sun, let the darkness hide!”, the poet voices his desire, putting a rather deep meaning into this phrase. The author dreams of Russia getting rid of autocracy, although he does not dare to talk about it openly. The poet does not yet know that many of his friends are involved in a conspiracy and will soon become famous throughout the world as the Decembrists. But he feels that the country is on the verge of serious changes, and welcomes them, believing that the destruction of the old foundations of society is inevitable.

Diligently and persistently during the years of Soviet atheism (of course, on a "scientific" basis), we were inspired that Pushkin's "Bacchic Song" is a hymn human mind free from the "darkness of religion". But the great poet opposes the sinful bacchanalia of the Divine Vineyard-Christ. The Lord Himself, under the guise of wine, gives Himself to people in the Sacrament of Holy Communion. Wine is not a sin (on the contrary, wine gladdens the heart!), but its inappropriate use. It is not for nothing that Pushkin writes: "Keep faithful hearts for the lawful and bashful."

Pushkin's "Bacchic Song" is a life-affirming, optimistic song of the great poet to the Divine Being and the glorification of the Sun of Truth - Christ! There should be no discouragement when God is with us! Innocent joys rejoice hearts and unite people so that the muses are healthy and the mind is healthy, and not lies, recklessness and darkness.

What silenced the joyful voice?

Give out, bachal refrains!

Long live the gentle maidens

And the young wives who loved us!

Pour a full glass!

To the sounding bottom

In thick wine

Throw the treasured rings!

Let's raise our glasses, let's move them together!

Long live the Muses, long live the mind!

You, Holy Sun, burn!

How does this lamp turn pale

Before the clear dawn,

So false wisdom flickers and smolders

Before the Sun of the immortal mind.

Long live the Sun, long live the darkness!

Why is there so little simple human joy in the world today, not to mention spiritual joy? Because it happens that we do not sing to God, we do not love. After all, it is difficult to recognize the natural sun in the sky as holy, for it is matter and mute. This means that Pushkin means something completely different, namely: the Sun of Holiness - Christ, Who is the Light of the world. And the reference to the church lamp is very characteristic! The small light diminishes before the Uncreated Light of Favor. Moreover, everything that pretends to be “truth” in this quiet Light only “flickers and smolders”. Christ is our True God and is the Immortal Sun of the mind. It will never go out, unlike natural luminaries. Therefore, "LONG LIVE THE SUN, LET THE DARKNESS HIDE!" Our poetry did not know such life-affirmation in Christ before Pushkin! If we believe in Christ, we will never be darkened and we will be saved!

And so, the Lord presents Himself in the Divine Eucharist under the guise of the most essential things, including wine, so that we may not be filled with despondency and sorrow before the evil of the world, but with Joy that no one can take away from us. And this Joy is Christ! Therefore, Pushkin's song is also called Bacchic, associated with the worthy Communion of Eternal Life and Eternal Light. Pushkin for spiritual intoxication, which does not allow the soul and heart to petrify!

Pushkin's genius lies precisely in the fact that he shows the obvious from an incredible angle, tells about the main saving thing not directly, but in the most wise, parable form, sparing our consciousness and elevating it to the level of the throne of God.

We will exclaim: "Long live Pushkin - the sun of Russian poetry, like Christ, shining equally to everyone, both good and evil!"

Pushkin is not afraid to write an ode to... wine! Wine is a gift from God. Another thing is how this gift is used by a person: “Why is the bottom of the cup dry? / Pour me, frisky boy, / Only drunk wine / Dissolve with sober water. at the cup I sing / Or talk innocently. In fact, Pushkin preferred to drink the cup of sorrows and suffering to the bottom than to drink from the cup of earthly pleasures and glory. Therefore, whoever envies the glory of Pushkin must understand that the glory of a folk poet is achieved by considerable torment and shedding of blood in order to remain faithful to Christ.

“Pushkin was loved for his direct and noble character, for his liveliness, sharpness and accuracy of mind. Honor, one might say, knightly, was the basis of his actions - and he did not deviate from his concepts of it even once in his life, with all the temptations and changes in his fate. Not spoiled in childhood by either luxury or indulgence, he was able to endure any deprivation and feel happy in the most cramped circumstances of life. Nature, in addition to poetic talent, rewarded him with an amazing memory and insight ”( P.A. Pletnev). So, for what qualities of the soul and selflessness God gave Pushkin great grace in writing unsurpassed poetic masterpieces!

The poet Zhukovsky wrote about Pushkin: “Genius is the common good; in the worship of genius, all peoples are relatives! .. Pushkin, in his genius, was the property of not only Russia, but of the whole of Europe. Zhukovsky was very fond of the words of the dying Pushkin to his wife: "Well, well, nothing: thank God, everything is fine." And we will remember them! After all, we, too, will die according to the body, but what will become of our immortal soul? Pushkin hopes that, despite the approaching death, everything will be fine - God is merciful, the duty is fulfilled ... Every believing Christian thinks in the same way - God's love is stronger than death, which is trampled by God on the Cross. Pushkin writes an epitaph for himself: “He didn’t do good, but he was a soul, by God, kind person". Jokes are jokes, but Pushkin's main quality human soul considers kindness - only a soul kind in God is capable of creating miracles of love! Such a soul also wishes others something extraordinary - God's help!

God help you my friends

In storms, and in worldly grief,

In a foreign land, in a desert sea,

And in the dark abysses of the earth!

Without God, life "in the dark abysses of the earth" is meaningless and unbearable. The poet from God Pushkin prays for us even now, so that we do not rely on our weak strengths, but strengthen ourselves in love and faith. Pushkin directly states: "There is no truth where there is no love." God is Love, Way, Truth and Life. Where there is no love, there is no God.

The poem "The Hermit Fathers and Immaculate Wives" does credit to the great poet. Pushkin not only visits the church, confesses and takes communion, he is constantly in the power of the church's perception of life, therefore his poetry is divinely inspired, contains deep and strong thoughts, and supports others. Pushkin boldly relies on the Holy Fathers, risking being accused of "insufficient transmission of prayers already once and for all sealed," in particular, the repentant prayer of St. Ephraim the Syrian "Lord and Master of my life." Great is the poet's repentance if, considering himself "fallen", he is touched by Lenten prayer! According to Pushkin, only prayer can strengthen the soul with Divine power.

Desert fathers and blameless wives,

To fly with your heart in the region of correspondence,

To strengthen it in the midst of the valley storms and battles,

Laid down many divine prayers;

But none of them touches me

Like the one that the priest repeats

In the sad days of Great Lent;

More and more often she comes to my lips

And strengthens the fallen with an unknown force:

Lord of my days! The spirit of idleness is dull,

Love of command, this hidden serpent,

And do not give idle talk to my soul.

But let me see my, oh God, sins,

And the spirit of humility, patience, love

And revive chastity in my heart

Is it possible to imagine that "events" and worldly bacchanalia were held at the altar of Holy Poetry? Of course not! This is why Pushkin is especially valuable and dear to us! Everything miserable, insignificant flies away from one name - Pushkin. And what in him during his lifetime had not yet acquired perfection, either flew away from the poet, or ascended along with his soul to where there is only one continuous spiritual perfection.

The poet in The Wanderer considers himself a "spiritual worker", dragging "his chains". Pushkin describes the spiritual path of a Christian in the land of weeping, lamentations and suffering, which lies in the fact that if a person does not renounce the perishable and transient in this world, then he will not be able to acquire spirituality and the ability to go to the Light - Christ, he will not be able to become like the Creator and wish with all my heart to others: "God grant that in the whole universe / Resurrection of peace and silence." Only a person of genius, that is, a Christian, can wish for such a thing and do a lot for this with good, bright verses. Pushkin does not hide the fact that he is a mortal man - "a slave of rumors, doubts and passions", but Pushkin can be forgiven everything for his immortal verses and repentant disposition, especially since we do not know (and do not want to know !!) any sins , but we hear about them only from his enemies and enemies. After all, they do not have all-forgiving love, like Pushkin, who bequeathed to us: "TO ALL HONOR, AND THE DEAD AND THE LIVING, WITHOUT REMEMBERING THE EVIL, WE WILL RETURN FOR GOOD".

“The secret of Pushkin's “appearance” lies in the fact that the great Pushkin is the personal embodiment of the greatness of the soul of Russia” (A. Kartashev). The great Russian poet of the 20th century N.M. Rubtsov wrote about Pushkin: “He reflected the whole soul of Russia and died reflecting it.”

Pushkin writes

Breathing sweet childish hope,

When I believed that there was once a soul,

Fleeing from decay, takes away eternal thoughts,

And memory, and love in the depths are endless, -

I swear! Long ago I would have left this world;

I would crush life, ugly idol

And flew away to the land of freedom, pleasures,

To a country where there is no death, where there is no prejudice,

Where thought alone floats in heavenly purity...

Truly, the Kingdom of Heaven is a “country of freedom, pleasures” for those who in the earthly world have been slandered and viciously persecuted for the Truth of God! But entry into this country is achieved by considerable spiritual labors, tears, illnesses, sorrows, so that, having been cleansed, our soul would be ready for Heaven alone.

“For a long time, a tired slave, I planned an escape / To a distant abode of labor and pure bliss” - for some reason, these words of the poet are commented on as Pushkin’s desire to retire from life or even ... to die. But we know from the words of the Optina elder Barsanuphius that Pushkin wanted to renounce the world in monasticism. And the desire for the Kingdom of Heaven does not at all mean a search for death, but, on the contrary, a thirst for Life in all Its Divine fullness: on earth, despite the inevitable sorrows and sufferings, and in Heaven, where there are no more sorrows and sorrows.

Silvio Pellico, having spent ten years of imprisonment in various dungeons, was released and wrote notes, contrary to expectations, full of "touching reflection, clear calmness, love and goodwill" (A. Pushkin). Pushkin writes something very remarkable and completely consistent with the spirit of Orthodox Christianity: “And not in vain, when we were about to say a few words about the book of the meek sufferer, we dared to mention the Divine Gospel: there were few chosen ones (even among the original pastors of the Church) who in their creations approached meekness spirit, sweetness of eloquence and childish simplicity of heart to the preaching of the Heavenly Teacher. And Pushkin further writes that the sufferer Pellico "belongs to these elect, whom the Angel of the Lord greeted in the name of people of good will." But if Silvio Pellico was a son of goodwill, then our adored Pushkin remains a thousand times more a man of goodwill! Will not his verses "shame us and solve the mystery of beautiful soul, the mystery of a Christian man,” as Pushkin writes about Pellico? Pushkin called atheism "disgusting", leading to death.

Christianity for Pushkin is not morality, not teaching, not philosophy, but Life Itself, upon which God's world, visible and invisible, is based. Fans of Pushkin's poetry about nature should know that Pushkin considered nature to be "indifferent". AT natural phenomena the great poet clearly sees Divine Providence: “A storm covers the sky with darkness, / Whirlwinds of snow twisting; / Like a beast she will howl, / Then she will cry like a child ...” Pushkin humanizes nature indifferent to good and evil, that is, attracts it to reveal the secrets of God and a person. Thus, the poet under the storm understands life's sorrows and hardships that cover the sky from a person and plunge him into difficult experiences. But we must endure and take courage to the end, knowing that the storms will pass and only God and His Eternal Kingdom will remain.

Those who love Pushkin's poetry only for its descriptions of earthly life and earthly nature, in fact ... do not love and do not understand Pushkin. Their gaze helplessly glides over the surface of deep spiritual waters and part with them with ease. Unlike them, Pushkin seeks the good in everything with a “wayward dream” and finds it! So the poet compares late autumn with a "consumptive maiden", who, being condemned to death, nevertheless tends to the inevitable end "without grumbling, without anger." Quiet, humbly shining beauty is subject to the inevitable law of change of everything earthly “it is still alive today, not tomorrow”. Pushkin writes freely and easily about higher religious meanings. Autumn dies, a person dies - well, it’s necessary, God knows better what is more useful for what. Therefore, it becomes clear why Pushkin first exclaims “A sad time!”, And then immediately “Ooh, charm!” He says goodbye to autumn and thanks her for the fact that God gave us such beauty, even though it is short-lived on earth. And this beauty never dies! She will return to us resurrected, so that the holiday will be repeated. Pushkin notices how the ray of the evening star silvers “the withered plains, and the slumbering bay, and the black rocks of the peaks” and loves her “weak light in the heavenly heights: it woke up the thoughts that had fallen asleep” inside the poet and memories. Nature plunges Pushkin into the deepest Divine thoughts and experiences in order to come to the Truth through them.

In the poem "I survived my desires ..." Pushkin compares himself to a naked leaf trembling lonely on a branch. “I live sad, lonely”, “only suffering remained for me”, “I fell out of love with my dreams” ... But Pushkin is only 22 years old!? Why so? A good genius in this world is always lonely and persecuted. Nothing earthly attracts him. Ahead of new suffering and, most likely, a painful end. After all, the righteous in this world are always persecuted, and the wicked triumph. Pointing to the leaf, on the one hand, is sad - we are not indifferent to the fate of a genius, but, on the other hand, Pushkin makes it clear that all people on earth have one outcome and you should not be very sad that the leaf will fall down. We all need to learn the science of love and appreciate any person during life, because while a person is alive, it is still possible to change something for the better and correct. The Lord gave Pushkin the cross that he could bear in order to overcome all hardships and hardships, cleanse himself in them and become ready for the Kingdom of Heaven.

Pushkin clearly understood the difference between peoples and their peculiar culture, which contributes not to merging in mass sin, but to maintaining a diverse unity in the spirit. “Nationhood in a writer is a virtue that can be fully appreciated by some compatriots,” he writes. Elsewhere, the poet generally remarks that “a good society can exist wherever there are honest, intelligent and educated people” (“On the Newest Guardians of Morality”). In other words, the true people are where spiritual goodness is exalted, and this goodness is rigorously fulfilled by the majority, but not where anyone is good enough. In this sense, the remark of the most intelligent Pushkin that one must beware of "destroying slavery, especially in a monarchical state" is very true. In a broad sense, all people, as it were, constitute two categories of involuntary people or slaves: the first are, first of all, the servants of God, and the second are the slaves of their unbelief and lack of faith. The first, the servants of God, are the inhabitants of heaven, obedient to the good will of Christ. The latter are the unfortunate henchmen of their own or, even worse, someone else's whim. In order to cover up the slavery of one by another, many myths have been erected among people, for example, “human rights”, “equal partners”, “ equal opportunity"and so on..

Pushkin writes about a significant dream!

God sent me a wonderful dream.

In a white robe before me

An old man was coming

With a long white beard

And he blessed me.

He told me: "Be calm,

Soon, soon honored

You will be the Kingdom of Heaven.

Soon earthly wandering

Yours will end."

I'm afraid of eternal punishment,

Mercy hope

Give me rest, Creator,

But your will be done

Not mine... Who's going there?

What is the end of a person's spiritual path? To put it bluntly, it never ends! Non-spirituality ends with a grave, since it cannot rise for heavenly life, like human flesh and blood. For each of his words, a person will either accept condemnation or be justified.

When we have a hard time in life, when we don’t know what to do, let’s turn to the life feat of the great poet and his life-affirming poems, and we will receive considerable consolation: “If life deceives you, / Do not be sad, do not be angry! / Humble yourself on the day of despondency: / The day of fun, believe, will come. / The heart lives in the future; / The present is sad: / Everything is instant, everything will pass; / What will pass will be nice.

Poetry is not a search for the most successful combination of thoughts and feelings expressed in words. Poetry is the soul of all service to God. Take away holy inspiration and inspiration (Pushkin considered inspiration "a sign of God") from any person, and he will become a mediocre layman. The temple may become an extension of the street, but the temple of Holy Poetry cannot be desecrated and turned into a barn.

But here I am with a mysterious shield

Holy providence dawned

Poetry is like a comforting angel

Saved me and I resurrected my soul ...

And this means that POETRY FROM GOD COMFORTS AND SAVE EVERYONE! It is not enough to love Pushkin - we stand before Pushkin as "before communion" (poet S. Yesenin). This means that by comprehending the feat of the great poet, his thoughts and deeds, primarily in verse, we become involved in the sacred, which can save us from the power of evil. "Great and HOLY was your lot!" - the great Russian poet F. Tyutchev admires Pushkin. Dostoevsky writes: “To not understand Pushkin to the Russian means not to have the right to be called Russian... He understood the Russian people and comprehended its purpose in such depth and in such vastness as no one else has ever known... Pushkin himself suddenly turned out to be a people”... He was able to discern great essence the spirit of the people and accepted this essence of the people into his soul as his ideal ... Pushkin loved everything that this people loved, honored everything that they honored. Dostoevsky also warns against such a belittling of Pushkin when it is claimed that the poet is allegedly devoted to the people more historically than in fact. In all manifestations of his genius, “there is such love and such an assessment of the people that belongs to the people forever, always, both now and in the future.” “Our people love their history, the main thing is that in it they meet the same shrine in which they have retained their faith even now, despite all their suffering and ordeals,” Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky concludes his thought with internal triumph and concludes: "THE RUSSIAN SPIRIT IS POOLED IN PUSHKIN'S WORKS, THE RUSSIAN VEIN IS BEATING EVERYWHERE". And then Dostoevsky says what is no less important today: Pushkin's "Lay" is still a new word for us. Yes, and not only new, but also unrecognized, unsorted, considered to be the oldest rubbish ... Pushkin, in terms of the vastness and depth of his Russian genius, is still like the sun over our entire Russian intelligent worldview. He is a GREAT AND STILL UNKNOWN FORECASTER” (“Diary. 1877”). “... In my opinion, we have not yet begun to recognize Pushkin,” Dostoevsky wrote sadly in the same Diary of a Writer, “this is a genius who has outstripped the Russian consciousness for too long. It was already a Russian, a real Russian, himself, by the power of his genius, transformed into a Russian, and even now we are still learning from the lame cooper. He was one of the first Russians who felt the Russian person in himself completely, raised him in himself and showed in himself how a Russian person should look - and at his people, and at the Russian family, and at Europe, and at the lame cooper, and to the brothers of the Slavs. There is no more humane, higher and more sober look, and none of the Russians has ever had one.”

Let us repeat after Pushkin what was strenuously hushed up during the years of Soviet atheism and experience spiritual pleasure from his deepest religious thoughts:

Father of people, Heavenly Father,

Yes, your eternal name

Holy with our lips

May your kingdom come...

Pushkin's line is especially touching, in which one can feel genuine childish trust and feeling: "So us, insignificant before You, / Forgive, Father, Your children."

Pushkin's death was truly Christian, Poet Zhukovsky recalled: “Karamzin? Is Karamzin here? - he asked (Pushkin - ed.) a little later. She wasn't there; they immediately sent for her, and she soon arrived. Their meeting lasted only a minute, but when Katerina Andreevna moved away from the bed, he called her and said: “Cross me!” Then he kissed her hand. At this time Dr. Arendt arrived. “I am waiting for the royal word so that I can die peacefully,” Pushkin told him. This was an indication for me, and I decided at that very moment to go to the Sovereign in order to inform His Majesty of what I had heard. You need to know that, having said goodbye to Pushkin, I again returned to his bed and said to him: “Perhaps I will see the Sovereign; what shall I say to him from you.” “Tell Him,” he answered, “that I am sorry to die; would be all His.

Pushkin endured everything to the end and died with last words"Lord Jesus Christ" by making the sign of the cross.

Give rest, O Lord, to the soul of the servant of God Alexander, who is ever remembered by us, forgive him all his sins and grant him the Kingdom of Heaven. Amen

Andrey Bashkirov