In connection with the increase in the number of parishes in the Ramenskoye deanery, a separate Bronnitsky deanery district was established.

The lands on which the Ramensky district is located were part of the largest district of the Moscow province - Bronnitsky for up to a year. The Moskva River divides the lands of the region into two almost equal parts, which are very different from each other. Northeast - the beginning of the Meshchera lowland, forests and swamps rich in peat. This part included the most industrialized volosts of the county - Ramenskaya, and Gzhel, known since the 14th century, where handicrafts flourished. The right, high bank of the Moskva River within the Bronnitsky district is called Polshchina - this is the edge of cultivated land since ancient times. The very name of the main city of the region - Ramenskoye - comes from the word "Ramenye", which means a piece of forest in the vicinity of the fields.

People settled here since ancient times, but the first mention of the villages that are now part of the Ramensky district refers to the year (in the spiritual letter of Grand Duke Ivan Kalita). If the northern part of the Ramensky lands is covered with forests, but in the southern part, the fields cultivated for a long time are separated by copses. Water meadows along the Moskva River contributed to the placement of royal stables in the village of Bronnichi, and later a state-owned stable factory. Bronnitsky district, in its northern part, was industrial, a significant percentage of the population of these places consisted of Old Believers, the southern part was the edge of the ancient noble culture. Before the revolution of the year, it was strewn with estates that belonged to the most well-born part of the Russian nobility. The descendants of A.S. Pushkin played a big role in the history of the county. His son Alexander Alexandrovich in the 1860s temporarily left military service retired and was a mediator, ex officio he carried out the division of land between landlords and peasant communities after the abolition of serfdom in the year. He was awarded the badges of honor "For the successful introduction of the provisions of 1861 on peasants who emerged from serfdom" and "For the land arrangement of former state peasants." The grandson of A.S. Pushkin, also Alexander Alexandrovich, left a memory of himself with the schools, libraries, sanatorium and hospitals he built.

The first mention of the temples of the Ramenskaya palace volost dates back to the 14th century. Wooden churches were replaced by stone ones, of which the oldest, which has come down to our time, is the Church of the Annunciation (parts of the building of the 16th century have been preserved) in the village of Stepanovsky. The 70-year war with the Church has led to many irreplaceable losses. Temples were destroyed: Predtechensky village of Novorozhdestvena, Bogoyavlensky village of Amereva, Voznesensky village of Rybolovo, Pokrovsky village of Slobodino, Michael the Archangel in the village of Konstantinov, Spassky village of Ulyanino, Znamensky in the village of Davydovo, St. Kosmodamiansky village of Tolmachovo, Ilyinsky village of Bolshoye Ivanovskoye, Pokrovsky village of Nikulino, village of Ivan (Life-Giving Spring), Petropavlovsky village of Ilyinskoye, Nikolsky village of Borshchevka (Roman).

In the 1960s, the 16th-century church in Spas-Mikhnev was destroyed. The church of Elijah the Prophet in the village of Ilyinsky (near Denezhnikovo) and the church in the village of Voskresensky were destroyed. By the year, only ten functioning temples remained.

parishes

• Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, p. Stepanovskoye, Ramensky district
• Epiphany of the Lord, p. Semenovskoye Ramensky district
• Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, p. Nikitskoye Ramensky district
• Exaltation of the Holy Cross, p. Tatarintsevo, Ramensky district
• Joy to all who grieve, icons of the Mother of God, p. Ulyanino Ramensky district
• Jerusalem Icon of the Mother of God, Bronnitsy, Ramensky District
• Michael the Archangel, Cathedral, Bronnitsy, Ramensky District

Population

Bronnitsky district- an administrative unit within the Moscow province that existed until 1929. The center is the city of Bronnitsy.

Geography

Bronnitsky district was located in the southeastern part of the Moscow province. The terrain is rather flat, undulating in places, and only in some places muddy; quite fertile when fertilized. The most significant river is Moscow, which is navigable here, quite wide and flows in steep banks; at Bronnitsy, a pier was built, on which late ships wintered. Navigation is quite convenient since the river was canalized by a French company. Of the other rivers, the following are remarkable: Pakhra, along which the forest was rafted and there were limestone breaks, Severka, etc. The main line of the Moscow-Ryazan railway passed through the county.

Story

Bronnitsky uyezd was formed on October 5, 1781 during the administrative reform of Catherine II. In 1924, the center of the county was moved to Ramenskoye. In 1929, during the administrative reform, the county was abolished.

Population

Administrative division

On October 10, 1927, the Velino and Vokhrinskaya volosts were merged into the Velino-Vokhrinsky volost.

see also

• List of counties, districts and parishes of the Russian Empire for 1914

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Notes

Cards

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Links

• Voeikov A.I. Bronnitsy, city // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

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An excerpt characterizing the Bronnitsky district

The mother of the young Esclarmonde (and it must have been her) was obviously agitated to the limit, but, as best she could, she tried not to show this to her already completely exhausted daughter, who at times “went away” from them into oblivion, not feeling anything and not answering … And only she lay there like a sad angel, who left her tired body for a while... On the pillows, scattered in golden-brown waves, long, wet, silky hair shone... The girl, indeed, was very unusual. Some strange, spiritually doomed, very deep beauty shone in her.
Esclarmonde was approached by two thin, stern but pleasant women. Approaching the bed, they tried to gently persuade young man escape from. But he, without answering, only shook his head negatively and turned back to the woman in labor.
The lighting in the hall was sparse and dark - a few smoking torches hung on the walls on either side, casting long, swaying shadows. Once upon a time, this hall must have been very beautiful ... Wonderfully embroidered tapestries still proudly hung on the walls ... And the high windows were protected by cheerful multi-colored stained-glass windows, enlivening the last dim evening light that poured into the room. Something very bad must have happened to the owners to make such a rich room look so abandoned and uncomfortable now ...
I couldn't understand why this strange story completely captured me?!. And what was the most important thing in it: the event itself? Someone who was there? Or that unborn little man?.. Unable to tear myself away from the vision, I longed to find out as soon as possible how this strange, probably not very happy, alien story would end!
Suddenly, the air thickened in the papal library - the North suddenly appeared.
- Oh! .. I felt something familiar and decided to return to you. But I didn’t think that you would watch this… You don’t need to read this sad story, Isidora. It will only bring you more pain.
– Do you know her?.. Then tell me who these people are, Sever? And why does my heart hurt so much for them? Surprised by his advice, I asked.
“These are Cathars, Isidora… Your beloved Cathars… on the night before the burning,” Sever said sadly. “And the place that you see is their last and most expensive fortress for them, which held out longer than all the others. This is Montsegur, Isidora… The Temple of the Sun. The home of Magdalene and her descendants… one of which is just about to be born into the world.
– ?!..
- Do not be surprised. The father of that child is a descendant of Beloyar, and, of course, Radomir. His name was Svetozar. Or by the Light of Dawn, if you prefer. This (as they always have) is a very sad and cruel story ... I do not advise you to watch it, my friend.
North was focused and deeply sad. And I understood that the vision that I was watching at that moment did not give him pleasure. But in spite of everything, he, as always, was patient, warm and calm.
- When did this happen, Sever? Are you saying that we are seeing the real end of Qatar?
Sever looked at me for a long time, as if pitying.... As if not wanting to hurt even more... But I stubbornly continued to wait for an answer, not giving him the opportunity to remain silent.
“Unfortunately, it is, Isidora. Although I would very much like to answer you something more joyful ... What you are now observing happened in 1244, in the month of March. On the night when the last refuge of Cathar fell ... Montsegur. They held out for a very long time, ten long months, freezing and starving, infuriating the army of His Holiness the Pope and His Majesty the King of France. There were only one hundred real warrior knights and four hundred other people, among whom were women and children, and more than two hundred Perfect. And the attackers were several thousand professional warrior knights, real killers who received the green light to destroy the disobedient "heretics" ... to ruthlessly kill all the innocent and unarmed ... in the name of Christ. And in the name of the "holy", "all-forgiving" church.

In the CIAM reading room there is a photocopy of the list of churches of the Moscow diocese - a typographical text from the beginning of the 20th century with marks also made before 1917 (since they were written according to the old spelling). Here is a list of churches in the Bronnitsky district. The names of the deans are inscribed by hand, as are some churches - Nikolskaya in the village of Malyshev, Nikolskaya, near the Nerskaya River and Mikhailo-Arkhangelskaya, in the village of Muravleva (this is explained by the fact that the churches in Malyshev and Muravlev were built at the beginning of the 20th century, and the list, apparently, was compiled earlier, and the compiler simply forgot to include the very old Nikolo-Nerskaya Church). The list does not include the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk church in the village of Mikhailovskaya Sloboda, since it is mentioned in the section of this list where the churches of the same faith are listed.

BRONNITSKY UYZD

Deanery of the 1st district

Priest John Dobrov

1. Mikhailo-Arkhangelskaya, cathedral, Bronnits.
2. Assumption cemetery.
3. Mikhailo-Arkhangelskaya, on the churchyard of Dorki.
4. Demetrius-Selunskaya, on the graveyard of Dorki.
5. Nikitskaya, in the churchyard of Luzhkov.
6. Pokrovskaya, in the village of Osechenki.
7. Predtechevskaya, Novorozhdestvena villages.
8. Troitskaya, the village of Troitskoye, near Borisoglebsky lake.
9. Christ-Rozhdestvenskaya, Bykov village.
10. Troitskaya, at the Udelnaya platform.
11. Pokrovskaya, near the Doninka river.
12. Petropavlovskaya, at Malakhovka station, Moscow-Kazan railway
13. Nikolaevskaya, in the village of Malysheva.

The list contains some inaccuracies: some churches are mentioned in it twice (Dmitrovskaya, in Dorki, Spasskaya, in the village of Ulyanin, Znamenskaya, the villages of Davydova and Spasskaya, the villages of Kosyakova). In addition, among the churches of the deanery of the 5th district, under the number 16, an incomprehensible "in the village of Zhuravleva" is indicated. I don’t understand what kind of church you mean, maybe it’s just a typing mistake. It is difficult to immediately say which deaneries the listed churches belonged to, this requires clarification (I will only venture to suggest that the Dmitrov Church on the churchyard of Dorki belonged not to the 1st, but to the 6th district, but I can’t insist yet).

One of the most beautiful cities in the East of the Moscow region, Bronnitsy belongs to the category of cities of regional subordination, is municipality. The city is located on the banks of the Moskva River, at the crossroads of the Ural and Small Moscow Ring highways, 40 km from the Moscow Ring Road. Bronnitsy are known from ser. XV century. Since ancient times, Moscow tsars kept a stud farm here, which served as a characteristic detail on the coat of arms of the city. Pier on the Moscow River. The famous jewelry factory "Bronnitsky Jeweler" is located in the city. The population is 19 thousand people. The area is 2216 hectares.

History of Bronnitsy from the founding of the settlement

City under Peter I and in post-Petrine time

Bronnitsy during the war years

City in post-war years

Bronnitsy today

The city of Bronnitsy stands on the high bank of the Moskva River. Information about the area where he grew up goes back to the distant past. For centuries, the local Borovsky (Myachkovsky) mound has been covered with legends. An ancient settlement of the beginning of our era was discovered on it. At archaeological excavations in the lower layers of the barrow, the remains of Dyakovo-type utensils, a spindle whorl, and grindstones were found. Many materials have also been found about Slavic tribes, which testifies to the early settlement of the Bronnitsa district. However, when in 1237 the Tatar-Mongolian troops of Batu ravaged Kolomna and moved to Moscow, the whole area was devastated, and the inhabitants were destroyed. During the invasion of Moscow Crimean Tatars The mound played the role of a guard post, from where signals were given about the approach of the enemy.
Title with. Bronnitsy (Bronnichi), according to legend, is due to the fact that master armorers lived here, making armor and chain mail. However, no evidence of the existence of such a production has been found so far. According to another version, its name is Mr. Bronnitsy comes from the ancient Russian word "scold" - battle. In those places where it stands halfway from Kolomna to Moscow, there were frequent battles between Russians and Tatars.
For the first time with Bronnichi is mentioned in the spiritual charter of Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna, the wife of Grand Duke Vasily I Dmitrievich, dated 1453. The princess bequeathed it, along with other Kolomna villages, to her grandson Yuri Dmitrievich. After 19 years, according to the spiritual testament of Prince Yuri the village was transferred to the Borovsky Pafnutiev Monastery.
From the 16th century There is only one chronicle mention of the village. In 1571, Ivan the Terrible with his guardsmen passed through Bronnitsy on the way to Serpukhov and, possibly, stopped there. Probably, by this time the village was already the royal estate. During the period of the Polish-Lithuanian intervention, battles between the tsarist and Polish detachments took place near Bronnitsy. Some of these 1608 battles are mentioned in The New Chronicler.
In the future, for more than 200 years, the history of s. Bronnitsy is inseparable from the history of the palace stud farm. Its creation is explained by the fact that magnificent water meadows were located nearby in the floodplain of the Moscow River - an excellent fodder base for horses. Already in 1634, during the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich, there was a "sovereign mare's stable" in the village. Here stood horses of rare breeds, presented to the tsars - the first Romanovs - by the rulers of other countries. The population of Bronnitsy was busy serving it. According to the 1646 census, there were 21 peasant households with a population of 30 males and four bobyl households with the same number of people. The village also had a settlement of uncultivated beans. It had 37 households, in which 54 people lived. Thus, the entire male population of Bronnitsy in 62 courtyards was 88 people. In the village there was a wooden church of Michael the Archangel, on the site of which at the very beginning of the 18th century. The stone Cathedral of the Archangel was built in the Moscow Baroque style - an outstanding monument of Russian architecture.

City under Peter I and in post-Petrine time

In 1706, Peter I transferred the stud farm in Bronnitsy with assigned peasants from the palace department to the personal possession of Prince AD ​​Menshikov. (This decision was dictated by Peter's desire to reduce the financial expenses of the treasury for the palace economy and direct them to the needs of the army.) By this time, there were 94 peasant households in Bronnitsy with a male population of 318 people and seven households of "herd grooms" with a population of 24 people. In total, there were 105 households with a male population of 352 people in the village with the yards of the church clergy. By decree of Peter II in 1728, the Bronnitsky stud farm was again transferred to the department of the palace stable order. In 1737, a stable stone yard was built at the plant, and in 1755, stone stable buildings for 152 stalls were built. In 1740, the stud farm kept 266 horses of various breeds: Arabian, Persian, Spanish, Italian, English, Cherkasy, Kabardian and Russian. Factory horses were used for arena and riding. The stud farm in Bronnitsy was considered large and surpassed Khoroshevsky, Kolomna and other factories of the palace department in terms of the number of horses.
Work on the construction and repair of the plant's buildings was carried out by local peasants assigned to it. In addition, the peasants of the stable volosts were obliged to annually mow hay in the volost meadows, plow arable land in rye and spring fields, carry grain, hay and straw on their carts to Moscow, pay salary hay and "sleeping (loose) bread ". Like all the peasants of the palace department, the stable peasants paid 40 kopecks each. per year. All direct work on the current maintenance of the stud farm was carried out by "stable attendants" who lived in a special stable settlement near the lake. Velsky. In the 80s. it had 36 houses.
By decree of Catherine II of October 5, 1781, p. Bronnitsy of the stable department from 1782 was transferred to county town Moscow province. At that time, 1542 people of both sexes lived in it.
During Patriotic War In 1812, hostilities unfolded near Bronnitsy. From the Borovsky mound, M. I. Kutuzov watched the withdrawal of the Russian army from Moscow.
When the Russian army, leaving Moscow, headed south along the Ryazan road, M.I. Kutuzov made the famous Tarutino march maneuver. On September 3 and 4, 1812, after crossing the Moscow River, the main forces of the Russian troops, he turned to the Kaluga road. On the Ryazan road, the Cossack units of Colonel Efremov operated. Believing that the Russian army was moving towards Bronnitsy, the Napoleonic troops rushed along the Ryazan road. Many hundreds of Russian peasants from the surrounding villages of the Bronnitsky district came out to fight the French, causing them all sorts of harm. (To commemorate this event, in November 1977, a memorial sign was erected on the Ryazanskoye Highway near the Borovsky Kurgan.) county.
V. G. Belinsky, passing through Bronnitsy in 1829, wrote: “From Kolomna to Bronnitsy is 50 versts. Bronnitsy is a rather bad little town... Almost all of it consists of stone buildings, but its main drawback is that the philistine taste is visible in them...”
In 1845, the stud farm in Bronnitsy was abolished and all the peasants assigned to it with lands were transferred to the department of the Moscow Palace Office. A cavalry regiment was quartered in the premises of the plant.
In 1897, 3897 people lived in Bronnitsy, that is, in 100 years the urban population more than doubled. This is primarily due to the fact that the city was located on the water and land roads from Kolomna to Moscow and its inhabitants served the movement of freight flows intended for the needs of the rapidly developing metropolitan manufacturing and later factory industry. Naturally, with the growth of cargo flows, the number of people (ship workers, cab drivers, dealers, taverners, etc.) should have increased. This circumstance contributed to the formation of the city's economy, aimed at the auxiliary transit function of supplying Moscow with industrial raw materials and food.
In the 80s. 18th century in the city there were 10 inns and 26 shops selling food and various small goods, in 1825 - 58 shops and nine drinking establishments (of which six taverns), in 1862 - 120 shops, two hotels, four 13 inns. The shops were located in the Gostiny Dvor, but mostly at private houses. There were also several forges in the city. Kolomna road was integral part cities. Almost all houses and establishments stood along its edge.
Bronnitsa merchants in late XVIII — early XIX in. occupied not the last place in the trade operations of the Moscow province. So, in terms of its number (285 people), it occupied the fourth place (out of 14 cities) after Vereya, Kolomna and Serpukhov, ahead of even such a developed city as Dmitrov. In terms of the amount of annual merchant capital, the Bronnitsa merchants ranked fifth after Kolomna, Vereya, Serpukhov and Dmitrov. Some Bronnitsa merchants had an annual capital of 500 to 1000 rubles.
In Bronnitsky district, nine fairs were held annually in six villages ( New Christmas, Myachkovo, Shubino, Sofyino, Ilyinskoye, Rudinsky churchyard). The cost of goods sold ranged from 3,000 to 40,000 rubles. At fairs, in addition to food supplies, there was trade mainly in silk, semi-silk and paper fabrics, as well as wooden, earthenware, earthenware and porcelain dishes. At these fairs, along with local peasants, the Bronnitsa merchants actively traded.
Bronnitsa merchants maintained paper, candle, brick and other manufactories both in the city and in the county. For example, in the early 1940s 19th century Bronnitsa merchant of the 3rd guild Ivan Volkov owned a paper-weaving factory. The merchant himself lived in the city, and the work was carried out in different parts of the county. The Bronnitsa merchant Fyodor Kuptsov owned the same factory. In addition to the Bronnitsky merchants, the Bronnitsky philistines also acted as owners of industrial establishments. Of the 63 owners of enterprises in the city and county in the 40s. 19th century 11 were merchants and townspeople. Bronnitsy. In 1853, out of 59 owners of enterprises in the city and the county, 21 were already Bronnitsa merchants and philistines, that is, more than 1/3 of local industrial production was in the hands of Bronnitsa entrepreneurs.
Handicraft production in Bronnitsy in the late 18th - early 19th centuries, and later industrial production in mid-nineteenth- the beginning of the XX century. was rather underdeveloped. In the 80s. 18th century here are marked "two factories for dyeing krashenina in vat paint, for which materials are received from Moscow, but there are no artisans on them, but the owners themselves do the work" .
In 1833 there were nine small industrial establishments in the city, where the owners themselves and a small number of hired workers worked, and in 1836 there were 13 establishments. Of these, six enterprises produced linen, nanke, motley, four - silk fabrics. The same number also included a leather, soap and brick factories. These 13 enterprises employed 69 workers. In 1862, the number of small industrial entrepreneurs increased to 35, with the number of workers and apprentices up to 98 people (including owners). In the same year, there were also larger industrial enterprises in the city: four brick and one tallow plant, which together produced an annual output of up to 8 thousand rubles.
Later, by the beginning of the 20th century. the number of small industrial establishments of the city increased to 148, where 350 artisans (owners, hired workers, apprentices) were employed. Of the significant enterprises in the city at the beginning of the 20th century. there was a mill with an oil engine, a sausage establishment (13 workers) and a printing house (18 workers).
The specificity of the economic orientation of the city - the maintenance of a large trade route and the presence of the floodplain of the Moskva River - contributed to the development of gardening and horticulture in the city, designed mainly for sale to those passing by the city. At the end of the 18th - the middle of the 19th century. half of the inhabitants of the city had gardens and orchards, "from which they received a contented profit." Apple trees were grown in orchards, and cabbages, cucumbers, carrots, beets, peas, beans and other vegetables were planted and sown in vegetable gardens. Some residents of the city were also engaged in arable farming and animal husbandry. It is curious that in December 1901 the Moscow governor issued a special mandatory decree for the city of Bronnitsy on security measures against pets that walked along the streets and alleys of the city.
Railway to Kolomna, built in 1862, passed 11 km away from Bronnitsy.
By the 20th century Bronnitsy was a small semi-agricultural city with a poorly developed industry aimed at meeting local demand and servicing the Moscow-Kolomna trade route. However, the city had a significant trade turnover and was the administrative center of a large and industrially developed county.
There were two distinct factory districts in Bronnitsky uyezd. One of these districts developed in the Ramenskoye volost around the spinning and weaving factory of the Malyutins (see an essay on the city of Ramenskoye), the second in the Gzhel volost, a center for the production of porcelain, faience and simple clay products. In the Aleshinsky volost, capitalist work at home was widespread. There were two large paper-weaving establishments in the Usmer volost (see an essay on the city of Voskresensk).
Information about the difficult working conditions of industrial workers in the Bronnitsky district was forced to submit to the report to the Moscow governor on October 5, 1871, the county police officer. The document signed by him contains such data. The number of workers in all factories and plants is 10,636, of which 6,147 are male, 2,155 are female, 8 to 12 are 1,008 underage, and 1,307 are 12 to 17. Approximately 10% are literate workers. Working hours for adults ranged from 9 to 14 hours. per day. For minors - from 9 to 12 hours. Of the total number of workers in debt to the owner is 3945 people. Hospitals are available only at large factories. All hospitals have 53 beds. The breeders of the Gzhel Volost have one hospital with eight beds. There are no permanent doctors at hospitals.
Of the total number of workers, 2,453 people live in the factory barracks. The rest spend the night either at home or in the buildings where they work. The working conditions of the workers affected their health. The growth of recruits from the factories was 1.5-2.5 inches less than that of the agricultural population. The difference reached bigger size if the worker spent his childhood in the factory.
The workers were forced to pick up food and goods in the master's shops, always at a higher price.
The factory workers of the Bronnitsky district struggled to improve their conditions. In 1898-1904. unrest and strikes broke out at the Malyutins' manufactory in Ramenskoye, on Starogorkinskaya Shorygin's manufactory, at the Baranovskaya factory of Katsepov.
At the turn of the 20th century, as is known, the industrial boom was replaced by a decline. Crisis phenomena have captured first of all the small and average enterprises.
In 1903, there were 37 large enterprises in Bronnitsky Uyezd, which employed 9,548 workers. 28 enterprises had up to 100 workers, seven - from 100 to 500 and two - more than 500.
In 1900, the Malyutins, the largest factory in the Bronnitsky district, employed 6,757 people. (This factory and the activities of the Social Democratic circle created by F. I. Polyakov, a native of the city of Bronnitsa, are described in an essay about the city of Ramenskoye.)
During the days of the December armed uprising in Moscow, a group of Ramensky workers, together with the railway workers of st. Ramenskoye created a squad and participated in barricade battles in Moscow. In 1905, the Ramenskaya Bolshevik cell was registered by the Moscow Party Committee, which worked underground all the years before the revolution and was the most influential organization in the district, and a cell at Katsepov's Baranovskaya factory.
The peasants of the county did not stand aside from the struggle during the years of the first Russian revolution. Peasants from. Aksenov helped the rebellious workers of Moscow with food. The combatants, under the leadership of the locomotive driver Ukhtomsky, completely controlled the situation at the stations of Lyubertsy, Bronnitsy, Ramenskoye, Faustovo for several days. Together with Ukhtomsky, a native of the village of Natalino F.V. Dubinkin, a native of the village of Patkino A.A. Chudskov, and a native of the village. Myachkov Bronnitsky district I. A. Lyadin.
A member of the CPSU since 1903, A. D. Blokhin, in his memoirs, says that he and his comrades repeatedly came to the villages for holidays to relatives and, using the knowledge of the area, pasted leaflets and proclamations or distributed them to the peasants of the villages of Krivtsy, Timonino, Velino etc. The local population read these leaflets and heatedly discussed them.
The proletariat of the town of Bronnitsy itself was small and dispersed. One of the mass forms of the class struggle of the Bronnitsa workers was also the distribution of leaflets. The development of a broad revolutionary movement in the city was hampered by the Bronnitsa Black Hundred organization of shopkeepers, merchants and small proprietors, as well as the downtrodden and illiteracy of the majority of the population.
Public education in 1905 in the city was represented by the city school, zemstvo and parochial schools. In 1908, the first private gymnasium was opened in Bronnitsy at the doctor's apartment. mixed type. In 1912, a men's gymnasium was opened, and in 1914 a women's gymnasium, where mainly the children of merchants, officials, and the intelligentsia studied.
The medical care was no better. From 1847 to 1870 there was the only 22-bed hospital in the entire county. Only in connection with the smallpox epidemics in 1888 and 1895. smallpox vaccination was introduced in the county, and in 1895 the first infectious hut was built. In 1914, a hospital with 60 beds was built, which during the First World War was used as an infirmary for the treatment of wounded soldiers of the Russian army. The dead in the infirmary were buried in the old cemetery. A monument in the form of a pyramid with cores at its foot in that place has survived to this day.

Notable people who visited the city

The names of a number of prominent figures of the Russian people are associated with pre-revolutionary Bronnitsy and its environs. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century. lived in the village for many years. Avdotine of the former Bronnitsky district, an outstanding Russian educator, writer and public figure N. I. Novikov, who greatly contributed to the spread of education in Russia, published magazines and books. Until now, his house and the huts he built for the peasants have been preserved. The artist A. N. Venetsianov repeatedly came to Avdotino.
A. V. Suvorov came to the Talyzin estate Denezhnikovo. Here his granddaughter kept his personal belongings, later transferred to the museum.
The life of the Decembrists, the Fonvizin brothers (nephews of D. I. Fonvizin) and I. is connected with the Bronnitsy. I. Pushchina. After the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, I. A. Fonvizin was deported to the Maryino estate near Bronnitsy and lived here under police supervision until his death in 1853. M. A. Fonvizin, after returning from Siberia, together with his wife N. D. Fonvizina, also settled in Maryino . But less than a year later, in 1854, he died. I. I. Pushchin, who married the widow of M. A. Fonvizin, spent the last two years of his life in Maryino after returning from Siberia. Pushchin wrote "Notes on Pushkin" here, corresponded with the surviving Decembrists and their relatives. He died in 1859. The graves of the Decembrists I. I. Pushchin and Fonvizin are located in the city center near the walls of the Archangel Cathedral. In memory of the Decembrists, a memorial plaque was erected at the entrance to the former estate, and a memory room for the Decembrists was created in the House of Pioneers. One of the streets of the city bears the name of Pushchin. Some things and books of the Decembrists are kept in the funds of Ramensky local history museum,
For many years, the life and work of the grandson of A.S. Pushkin, A.A. Pushkin, was associated with Bronnitsy, whose small estate was located not far from the village. Avdotyina in the village of Ivanovskoye. From 1862 to 1866, A. A. Pushkin served as a conciliator for the third section of the Bronnitsky district. Having retired in 1890, he was appointed to the position of Zemstvo chief of the Bronnitsky district, and in 1897 he was elected chairman of the Zemstvo council. With the exception of a four-year break, he remained until the end of his life. The activity characterizes him as a humane and caring person. He was a trustee of five schools, the founder of the Bronnitsa library, helped in the construction of the first sanatorium in Russia for Gzhel workers with tuberculosis in the village of Konyashino, a hospital in the village of Kolonets for the treatment of the local population at the expense of the writer N. D. Teleshov. He created for the peasants under the Bronnitsa Zemstvo Council a "mutual credit cash desk". In the village of Ivanovskoye, he kept the library of A. S. Pushkin, which was acquired in 1906 for the Pushkin House. A. A. Pushkin died in 1916 and was buried in Bronnitsy.

The city during the revolution and after it

In 1917, as soon as it became known that the February Revolution had taken place, the chairman of the zemstvo council, D. A. Bulygin, set about imposing a new government, declaring himself an emissary of the Provisional Government. Only the intervention of the local garrison helped to disarm the police. Bulygin soon organized the election of a provisional executive committee, which consisted mainly of Socialist-Revolutionaries and monarchists. This committee was in fact the spokesman for the will of the Provisional Government.
In November 1917, Soviet power was established in the district center - Bronnitsy with the help of Lyubertsy and Ramensky workers. Ramenskaya and other factory cells of the Bolsheviks prepared a district congress of workers' deputies, which took place in with. Ramenskoye on December 2, 1917. The victory was secured on it Soviet power in the county. At first, the authorities were formed in the village. Ramenskoye, but soon launched their work in Bronnitsy and in the volosts of the county.
On May 1, 1918, a May Day rally was held on the square in Bronnitsy, and on the same day the first issue of the Izvestia newspaper of the Bronnitsy District Council was published. On August 25, 1918, the first county party conference took place in Bronnitsy. Representatives of 10 party cells of the county took part in its work. F.F. Karpukhin, secretary of the party cell of the Ramensky textile workers, was elected secretary of the county committee. Uyezd and volost military commissariats and military formations under them began to be created. There were 400 fighters in the Bronnitsky district military registration and enlistment office, and 150 shooters and a machine-gun team in the Ramensky volost. The Red Guards had to fight kulaks, saboteurs, speculators, and in 1919 a counter-revolutionary gang in the Usmer Volost of the Bronnitsky Uyezd. In the difficult conditions of war and devastation, the young bodies of Soviet power resolved questions of economic development, strengthened the alliance of workers and peasants.
In August 1918, 12 privately owned estates of the county were transferred to the jurisdiction of the provincial department, including the estate in the village. Nikonovsky, on the basis of which the Nikonovskoye state breeding plant was later created. In 1919, five large and about 60 small industrial enterprises were nationalized in the county, 21 handicraft artels were created, including in the villages of Metkomelino, Fenino, Rechitsa, Obukhovo, Biserovo, Boyarkino, etc. A small power plant was reequipped and began to operate in the city , a brick factory (for 100 thousand bricks per year), a workshop for the manufacture and repair of agricultural implements, taken over from the former the owner of the printing house, where all county documents were printed.
On December 21, the first county Komsomol conference was held, which was attended by 26 delegates from three cells, and a year later there were already 24 Komsomol cells in the county, which carried out extensive explanatory work among young people, together with the communists of the county fought against devastation and hunger.
The majority of the population of the county was still peasants, so the local Soviets paid maximum attention to working with the peasantry: they gave lectures and talks on agriculture, distributed agricultural literature, harvested and distributed high-quality seeds, agricultural machines and implements, organized agro-points and points for the rental of agricultural machines , were engaged in the accounting and distribution of forests, meadows, lands. By 1923, several artels had been set up in the uyezd for the joint cultivation of the land (2,346 dessiatins of arable land), breeding work was being improved, new varieties of grain crops were being introduced, and the number of plows had doubled.
The American writer Albert Rhys Williams, while in Russia, came to Bronnitsy in May 1923 to see how the peasants live and how they run their household. During the week, he walked around several villages of the county, talked a lot with their inhabitants.
After the victory of the revolution, Bronnitsy developed slowly. In the center of the city there was a large two-story building of shopping malls with many shops located in it. In 1926, there were 73 workers and 352 employees at the enterprises in Bronnitsy, and total number the population from 1920 to 1926 practically did not increase and amounted to 3630 people.
Since 1919, Bronnitsy received electric lighting. Under the power plant, the power plant of the former shell workshop was used. The city had a short water supply system, which was served by five people. The city bakery employed 13 people. The first handicraft artels were created, which united the handicraftsmen of the city and the surrounding villages. In November 1924, an artel of jewelers was organized. The following year, it merges with the artel of blacksmiths and receives the name "Metalist". Then artels are created for the production of cases, knitwear. March 8 and artel "Consent", in which disabled people worked. Initially, artels were located in cramped, unsuitable buildings, they did not have means of mechanization. However, since their goods found buyers among both local residents and customers from other settlements, they gradually expanded and mechanized. To meet the needs of peasants in the manufacture and repair of sledges, carts, wheels, an artel "Obozostroenie" is created.
Compared to Bronnitsy, the village developed at a faster pace. On November 24, 1924, the center of the Bronnitsky district was transferred to the village. Ramenskoye. In May 1929, Bronnitsky and Ramensky districts were created on the territory of the former Bronnitsky district. A number of villages of the county went to the neighboring districts of the Moscow region. The area of ​​the Bronnitsky district has halved in comparison with the county. Among its members was Mr. Bronnitsy and more than 100 settlements. Industry was located mainly in the city. Small artels worked in the villages of Sinkovo, Nikulino, Ulyanino, Borisovo. Subsequently, they became branches of city enterprises.
During the years of the pre-war five-year plans, industry in Bronnitsy was not widely developed. As of January 1, 1938, only 184 workers were employed at state enterprises. The value of gross output for 1937 (in 1926/27 prices) was 612,000 rubles. The scale of industrial cooperation was larger. It employed 1227 people. The value of its gross output amounted to 10,329 thousand rubles. The largest enterprise was the artel, which produced cases for conveyors, planimeters, counting rulers, cameras, and glasses. In 1938, it consisted of 292 people. The cost of gross output per year reached 2641 thousand rubles. The second largest enterprise was the Ulyanovsk Tailoring Artel, which united 174 people. She produced goods for 2106 thousand rubles.
The Bronnitsky district was part of the suburban area of ​​the Moscow region and specialized in the production of milk, potatoes, and vegetables. The collective farms were served by the Bronnitskaya and Ulyaninskaya MTS, which had 95 tractors and 19 combines. There were no railway lines on the territory of the district, there were several marinas on the Moscow River, of which highest value had piers in Bronnitsy and Ryblovo. There were 39 elementary schools, eight junior high schools, and two high schools in the district. There were four kindergartens. The population was served by five hospitals, six outpatient clinics and seven feldsher-obstetric stations. In 1938, 5 thousand people lived in Bronnitsy.

Bronnitsy during the war years

AT difficult years During the Great Patriotic War, as elsewhere in the country, those who went to the front were replaced in Bronnitsy by women and teenagers. In October-November 1941, when the German hordes were rushing towards Moscow, air defense groups were created. The population participated in the construction of defensive structures, forest blockages. The enterprises of the city switched to the production of products for the needs of the front.
district industrial complex
In 1945, the working people of the city and the region did a lot to help the builders of the Saratov-Moscow gas pipeline, which passed through the lands of the region.
In memory of those who died during the Great Patriotic War in the city center on the square. them. hero Soviet Union N. Timofeev - a native of the city - an obelisk was erected.

City in the postwar years

In the post-war years, artels gradually expanded, amalgamated, and specialized, and were transferred to local industrial enterprises. The production of jewelry in the artel "Metalist" is being re-established. In 1956, the artel was transformed into a jewelry factory, and in 1963 the Sinkovskaya jewelry factory was attached to it. The new enterprise expands the range of products, builds new production facilities.
metal haberdashery site, a new assortment is being mastered at the sewing site. In 1956, more than 800 thousand rubles worth of products were produced, in 1960 the artel was transformed into a consumer services factory, and two years later - into a clothing and haberdashery factory.
In 1960 Raypromkombinat was reorganized into a garment factory. In 1961, the Ulyaninskoye clothing industry. Since January 1962, the garment factory became a branch of the large regional association of the Trud company, which is engaged in sewing overalls for geologists and builders (later the association became known as Spetsodezhda), the Obozostroenie Artel switched to the production of furniture, was transformed into a furniture factory. She repeatedly changed her profile, moved from one department to another, and from 581
us of the Moscow region26. The area of ​​the Bronnitsky district has halved in comparison with the county. Among its members was Mr. Bronnitsy and more than 100 settlements. Industry was located mainly in the city. Small artels worked in the villages of Sinkovo, Nikulino, Ulyanino, Borisovo. Subsequently, they became branches of city enterprises.
During the years of the pre-war five-year plans, industry in Bronnitsy was not widely developed. As of January 1, 1938, only 184 workers were employed at state enterprises. The value of gross output for 1937 (in 1926/27 prices) was 612,000 rubles. The scale of industrial cooperation was larger. It employed 1227 people. The value of its gross output amounted to 10,329 thousand rubles. The largest enterprise was the artel, which produced cases for conveyors, planimeters, counting rulers, cameras, and glasses. In 1938, it consisted of 292 people. The cost of gross output per year reached 2641 thousand rubles. The second largest enterprise was the Ulyanovsk Tailoring Artel, which united 174 people. She produced goods for 2106 thousand rubles27
The Bronnitsky district was part of the suburban area of ​​the Moscow region and specialized in the production of milk, potatoes, and vegetables. The collective farms were served by the Bronnitskaya and Ulyaninskaya MTS, which had 95 tractors and 19 combines. There were no railway lines on the territory of the district, there were several marinas on the Moscow River, of which the marinas in Bronnitsy and Ryblovo were of the greatest importance. There were 39 elementary schools, eight junior high schools, and two high schools in the district. There were four kindergartens. The population was served by five hospitals, six outpatient clinics and seven feldsher-obstetric stations. In 1938, 5 thousand people lived in Bronnitsy.
In the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War, as elsewhere in the country, those who went to the front were replaced in Bronnitsy by women and teenagers. In October-November 1941, when the German hordes were rushing towards Moscow, air defense groups were created. The population participated in the construction of defensive structures, forest blockages. The enterprises of the city switched to the production of products for the needs of the front.
In connection with the departure of men to the front, the district experienced an acute shortage of labor. However, during the war years, the value of the volume of manufactured products increased from 15.5 to 19.4 million rubles. In 1941 was created district industrial complex, whose main task was to meet the needs of the collective farms of the region.
Collective farms and state farms of the region worked successfully. Livestock breeders of the Bronnitsky district received during the war years the challenge Red Banner of the MK CPSU, the Moscow Regional Executive Committee and the MK Komsomol. The stud farm "Nikonovskoye", the collective farm "Borets" were participants in the exhibition Agriculture from the pre-war years and did not weaken their work during the war years.
In the post-war years, artels gradually expanded, amalgamated, and specialized, and were transferred to local industrial enterprises. The production of jewelry in the artel "Metalist" is being re-established. In 1956, the artel was transformed into a jewelry factory, and in 1963 the Sinkovskaya jewelry factory was attached to it. The new enterprise expands the range of products, builds new production facilities.
Knitting artel them. March 8, 1956 was transformed into a glove factory. After the reconstruction, she began to specialize in the production of women's and children's mittens and gloves. The Nikulin Artel is attached to it.
1968 became a branch of the Moscow factory of portable typewriters. In the artel of the disabled "Consent" in 1951 organized metal haberdashery site, a new assortment is being mastered at the sewing site. In 1956, more than 800 thousand rubles worth of products were produced, in 1960 the artel was transformed into a consumer services factory, and two years later - into a clothing and haberdashery factory. Begins
Raypromkombinat was reorganized into a garment factory.
In 1961, Ulyaninsk sewing production was added to it. Since January 1962, the garment factory became a branch of the large regional association of the Trud company, which is engaged in sewing overalls for geologists and builders (later the association became known as Spetsodezhda), the Obozostroenie Artel switched to the production of furniture, was transformed into a furniture factory. She repeatedly changed her profile, moved from one department to another. After the construction of new factory buildings, the tailoring technology is transferred to the stream.
In 1960, a leather goods artel was transformed into a factory, in which suitcases and student briefcases were made.
In 1959, the Bronnitsky district became part of the Lyubertsy district, and since 1960 it has been part of the Ramensky district. Under the leadership of the Bronnitsa city council and party organizations, great changes took place at the enterprises of the city during the years of the eighth, ninth and tenth five-year plans. On the basis of a set of measures for technical re-equipment, improvement of working conditions, mechanization, expansion of capacities at the enterprises of the city, the volume of production increased and the range of products expanded. First of all, these are consumer goods, the production of which is occupied by the majority of Bronnitsa enterprises.
In 1975, the city's enterprises produced consumer goods worth 35.5 million rubles. By 1979 this figure had risen to 50 million rubles.
The quality of products is improving. With the State Quality Mark, the glove factory produces 50% of products, the jewelry factory—15%, and the Spetsodezhda association—24%. This percentage is growing every year. A comprehensive quality management system for products has been introduced at the glove and clothing and haberdashery factories. At the clothing and haberdashery factory, in addition to sewing women's dressing gowns, dresses, underwear, the production of metal haberdashery products: bracelets, rings, chains, etc.
Innovators and inventors of a jewelry factory are constantly looking for new opportunities for mechanizing production operations. Due to the replacement of manual operations, the output of products increased by more than 30% in the first four years of the tenth five-year plan. The dynasties of Nikitin, Kochetkov, Igolkin and others work at the plant. In 1980, the plant will produce products worth 45 million rubles.
Successfully fulfills obligations for the repair of the tractor fleet, combines, chopper mowers and other large-sized equipment. Bronnitsky branch of the Agricultural Machinery Association.
The new capacities of the brick factory, designed for the production of 20 million pieces, have come into operation. bricks per year.
The city and adjacent villages are served by the Bronnitsky Gorpo, in the system of which there are about 70 trade and public catering enterprises with a total turnover of over 20 million rubles.
At present, the area of ​​the city is 716 hectares.
There are three secondary schools in the city and an evening school for working youth, a vocational school for 720 students, where drivers and machine operators are trained Glavmosoblstroy, three clinics, five children's institutions, a hospital, two libraries, a House of Culture, a club, a House of Pioneers, a cinema "Rodina", household service enterprises, a restaurant, a House of Trade.
For almost 20 years, the Bronnitsy has been under the patronage of the Moscow State Academic Theatre. K. S. Stanislavsky 583
and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, whose leading artists are frequent guests of the city residents. Amateur artists annually organize exhibitions both in Bronnitsy and with their bosses in Moscow.
The housing stock of the city has been significantly expanded and renovated. From 1965 to 1975 it almost doubled. Multi-apartment buildings with a total area of ​​80.6 thousand square meters were built. m. About 6 thousand residents received comfortable housing. The southern outskirts of the city have completely changed. Public services in the city have improved, new treatment facilities have been built, and the commissioning of a new water intake unit has made it possible to provide the city with water with the prospect of its development for the next 10-15 years. The gasification of the entire housing stock and boiler houses is almost completely completed. Serious landscaping work has been done. Asphalted 78 thousand square meters. m of roads and sidewalks. Landscaped in the center of the square. them. N. Timofeeva. Repair and restoration works of architectural monuments have been carried out.
Since 1978, housing construction has been carried out in the central part of the city. Dilapidated buildings of pre-revolutionary construction are being demolished, and new modern houses with an improved layout of apartments are being built in their place.
The construction of the building of the gas service, the bus station has been completed. The construction of an automatic telephone exchange for 2,000 rooms, a kindergarten, and with funds from the communist subbotnik—a new hospital building with 250 beds, and a polyclinic for 600 visits a day—are being completed. The construction of a bypass road outside the city is envisaged. During the years of the eleventh five-year plan, further reconstruction of enterprises and restructuring of residential areas in the central part of the city will continue. The annual commissioning of housing will amount to 6-7 thousand square meters. m.
Convenient location of the city of Bronnitsy on the highway between Moscow and Kolomna, good transport links with other cities and the Bronnitsy railway station, a pier on the Moskva River, pleasant landscape conditions, beautiful views of the floodplain of the Moskva River and its oxbow lake (now Lake Velskoy), presence of architectural, historical and archaeological sites create an opportunity to make Bronnitsy one of the interesting sightseeing and tourist centers southeast of the Moscow region.
The places associated with the stay of V. I. Lenin are especially dear to the townspeople and guests. This is the village of Zhukovo, where in October 1921 V. I. Lenin came to hunt and where, stopping to rest in the Nosovs' house, he talked with the peasants. In memory of his stay, the collective farm of the village of Zhukovo was called "Lenin's Rest". Currently, the village became part of the state farm. E. Telman, and the name of V.I. Lenin was given to the pioneer camp for the children of Ramensky textile workers, located in the village of Zhukovo.
Currently, the name of the leader is the collective farms-millionaires "Leninets" and "Lenin's Way", located near Bronnitsy.
A monument to V. I. Lenin was erected on the city square.

Bronnitsy today

The total volume of production of goods and services by large and medium-sized enterprises in 2004 amounted to 2.5 billion rubles, the growth rate compared to the same period in 2003 was 198.0% (1.24 billion rubles).
At the same time, the profit of these enterprises and organizations in 2004 amounted to 57.7 million rubles, which is 28.5 million rubles more than in the same period of 2003.
The largest profit was given by industrial enterprises - 37.5 million rubles, among them: Polynom LLC, Bronnitsky Jeweler OJSC; in trade - Bronnitsky PO. The share of products of OAO "Bronnitsky Jeweler" in the total volume of products produced in the city by large business enterprises is 25.6%.
In general, large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in 2004 industrial output worth 1.2 billion rubles was produced. Consumer goods produced include jewelry, newspapers, bricks, and fish and bakery products.
Large business in construction is represented by JSC "494 UNR".
Commissioned 3 apartment buildings houses with a total area of ​​7.5 thousand square meters. m.
A 5-storey residential building is under construction. The construction of a 150-apartment residential building in the city center has begun.
The premises of the shops of Bronnitsky Autoservice LLC, Knaker Trading House LLC, and the Tekhnika 2002 LLC mini-market were put into operation.
On Timofeev Square, a memorial plate of memory dedicated to those who died in local wars and conflicts.
The construction of budget facilities is underway: secondary school for 45 classes; reconstruction of the administration building; two buildings for the accommodation of athletes on the basis of the SDUSHOR; children's ecological park, as well as production warehouse complex; sawmill and boiler room; store "Children's World"; city ​​market; cafes and households.
The volume of investments in industry, transport, the social sphere and other sectors is growing every year.
The volume of investments in fixed capital from all sources of financing in 2004 amounted to 341.8 million rubles, the growth rate compared to the previous year was 133.7%. This growth is associated with significant investment in the technical re-equipment of Polynom LLC, Bronnitsky Jeweler OJSC and PATP.
Significant funds are invested in sectors: housing construction, physical culture and sports, as well as in trade and public catering.
The total turnover of retail trade in large and medium-sized enterprises of the city in 2004 amounted to 224.2 million rubles, or 102.9% of the corresponding period of 2003.
At the same time, the rate of retail trade turnover, including small business, amounted to 171.7%. This suggests that the share of small businesses in this type of activity is steadily growing and has a large share.
In total, 1,619 people work at small businesses, of which 499 people work at trade enterprises, 422 at industrial enterprises, and 305 are employed in construction. The number of employees increased compared to 2003 by 270 people.
Share of small businesses (small businesses without individual entrepreneurs) in the city's economy is 20%.
The largest share - 42.5% - in the total volume of small businesses are enterprises of the construction complex. The output of industrial enterprises of small business amounted to 20.3% of the share in the volume of small business.
In total, 4,952 people worked at enterprises of large and medium-sized businesses in 2004, which is 224 people less than in the same period in 2003. The decrease in the number is due to the reorganization of such enterprises as OAO Bronnitsky Jeweler, OAO 494 UNR: Based on these enterprises, new small enterprises were created.