Russian English dictionary of physical terms. A selection of scientific terms in English

Millions of people admire the works of famous artists of the past. Their amazing colors, the play of shadow and light, the skill with which the smallest details are so carefully written out. But do we consider paintings carefully enough? Do we see everything that the artist wanted to show us? At first glance, it only seems that these are just landscapes, portraits, historical and biblical stories. The most amazing secrets of history, the secrets of their creators, can be encrypted in them, and under a layer of paint of one picture, a completely different one can be hidden. Only a thorough study and analysis carried out by specialists can lift the veil of these secrets for us, but sometimes they can’t do it either, and the mysteries of famous paintings remain unrevealed for future generations.

Even those masterpieces of painting that seem to us well known and studied almost by millimeters have their own secrets. In almost every significant work of art there is a mystery, "double bottom" or secret history that you want to open. Today we will share a few of them.

Brueghel's Proverbs

The painting "Flemish Proverbs" by Pieter Brueghel the Elder can be called one of the biggest and most fascinating puzzles. The artist depicted a land literally inhabited by Dutch proverbs!

Approximately 112 idioms are recognized in the picture, some of them are known to you and me. Try searching for: "armed to the teeth", "swim against the current" or "beat your head against the wall". Perhaps you can figure out the rest? For example, those who talk about human stupidity or, on the contrary, about foresight?

Music of sin?

Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1500-1510. This picture caused a lot of controversy from the moment it was born, which continue after 500 years. One of the research topics was right part a triptych called the "Musical Hell", which depicts the torment of the sinners of hell, who are tormented using musical instruments. The attention of researchers was attracted by the notes written by the artist on ... the buttocks of one of the sinners. The notes were arranged in a modern way and ... a melody from the underworld sounded, which became a sensation.

And this is how the music played according to the notes from the picture sounds:

Two muses of one artist?

One of the most famous paintings by Rembrandt "Danae" was nicknamed "two-faced". Shooting in x-rays showed that Danae's face was written twice: the first time it was an image similar to Saskia, the painter's deceased wife, and the second, later, resembles the face of his other beloved Gertje Dirks, who became the artist's girlfriend after Saskia's death.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Danae, 1636-1647.

Dali's revenge

The painting "Figure at the Window" was painted in 1925, when Dali was 21 years old. Then Gala had not yet entered the life of the artist, and his sister Anna Maria was his muse. The relationship between brother and sister deteriorated when he wrote in one of the paintings "sometimes I spit on a portrait of my own mother, and it gives me pleasure." Anna Maria could not forgive such outrageousness.

In her 1949 book Salvador Dali Through the Eyes of a Sister, she writes about her brother without any praise. The book infuriated El Salvador. For another ten years after that, he angrily remembered her at every opportunity. And so, in 1954, the painting "A young virgin indulging in Sodomy with the help of the horns of her own chastity" appears. The pose of the woman, her curls, the landscape outside the window and the color scheme of the painting clearly echo the Figure at the Window. There is a version that this is how Dali took revenge on his sister for her book.

Two sides of every person

Old Rybak, Tivadar Kostka Chontvari, 1902. An old tired fisherman is a portrait of an ordinary person, like all of us and no more. What is the mystery here? No one could understand it during the life of the artist. And its essence is that an Angel and a Demon live in each of us, in the soul of each there is God and there is the Devil. Attach a mirror to the middle of the picture and you will see that in each person there can be both God and the Devil.

Austrian Mona Lisa

One of Klimt's most significant paintings depicts the wife of the Austrian sugar magnate Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer. All Vienna discussed the stormy romance between Adele and the famous artist. The wounded husband wanted to take revenge on his lovers, but chose a very unusual way: he decided to order a portrait of Adele from Klimt and force him to make hundreds of sketches until the artist starts to turn away from her.

Gustav Klimt, "Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer", 1907.

Bloch-Bauer wanted the work to last several years, and the model could see how Klimt's feelings fade away. He made a generous offer to the artist, which he could not refuse, and everything turned out according to the scenario of the deceived husband: the work was completed in 4 years, the lovers had long cooled off towards each other. Adele Bloch-Bauer never found out that her husband was aware of her relationship with Klimt.

Secrets of the Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495-1498.

Leonardo da Vinci fresco "The Last Supper" 1495-1498. For more than 5 centuries of existence, the famous fresco has been destroyed and restored more than once (the last restoration lasted 21 years!). Many looked for secrets in it and found them - where did the "extra" hand with a knife come from? From whom did Leonardo write Jesus and Judas?

Technologist Slavisa Pesci got the visual effect by overlaying it on top of the original of his own translucent specular reflection, which revealed two additional figures at the edges of the picture and a woman with a baby standing to the left of Jesus.

Musician Giovanni Maria Pala interpreted the bread and hands on the table as musical notation.

Researcher Sabrina Sforza Galitzia believes she has solved the puzzle contained in The Last Supper, which predicts a worldwide flood that will begin on March 21, 4006 and will mark the beginning of a new era for mankind.

Van Gogh's yellow bedroom

Vincent van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles, 1888-1889.

In May 1888, Van Gogh acquired a small workshop in Arles, in the south of France, where he fled from the Parisian artists and critics who did not understand him. In one of the four rooms, Vincent sets up a bedroom. In October, everything is ready, and he decides to paint Van Gogh's Bedroom in Arles. For the artist, the color, the comfort of the room was very important: everything had to suggest thoughts of relaxation. At the same time, the picture is sustained in disturbing yellow tones.

Researchers of Van Gogh's creativity explain this by the fact that the artist took foxglove, a remedy for epilepsy, which causes serious changes in the patient's perception of color: the entire surrounding reality is painted in green-yellow tones.

Fraud in painting

Sometimes the search for secrets on the canvases of famous artists reveals deceit, voluntary or involuntary. This is what happened to Rembrandt's The Night Watch (1642). In fact, the day watch was depicted! Just for a couple of hundred years, during which the picture wandered through different halls, until it fell into the hands of art historians, it managed to become covered with a thick layer of soot that darkened the entire background. After a thorough cleaning of the surface, details were found confirming the "daytime version" - the shadow from the captain's hand falls in such a way that it can be assumed that the picture depicts a patrol that entered the city streets no later than 2 pm.

Rembrandt, The Night Watch, 1642.

Vincent van Gogh misled everyone with his "Self Portrait with a Pipe", in which he depicted himself with a bandaged ear. The ear was really damaged, but not the right, but the left. The deception is obvious and, most likely, accidental - he simply wrote himself, looking in the mirror.

Vincent van Gogh, Self Portrait with a Pipe.

And one more deception, which is familiar to all of us from childhood on candy wrappers. The famous "Morning in the Pine Forest" (1889) by Ivan Shishkin, the greatest master of landscape. The artist, who painted landscapes beautifully, was afraid that the bears would not come out of him "alive" and truly touching. Therefore, he resorted to the help of another master animal painter Konstantin Savitsky, who knew how to draw bears like no other. Initially, the names of both authors were on the canvas, but ... Tretyakov ordered the name of the animal painter to be washed away.

Ivan Shishkin, "Morning in the Pine Forest", 1889.

Secrets of the Mona Lisa

The famous "Gioconda" exists in two versions: the nude version is called "Monna Vanna", it was painted by the little-known artist Salai, who was a student and sitter of the great Leonardo da Vinci.

Many art critics are sure that it was he who was the model for Leonardo's paintings "John the Baptist" and "Bacchus". There are also versions that dressed in a woman's dress, Salai served as the image of the Mona Lisa herself.

The generally accepted opinion is that the Mona Lisa is perfection and her smile is beautiful in its mysteriousness. However, the American art critic (and part-time dentist) Joseph Borkowski believes that, judging by the expression on her face, the heroine has lost a lot of her teeth. While examining enlarged photographs of the masterpiece, Borkowski also found scars around her mouth. “She is so ‘smiling’ precisely because of what happened to her,” the expert believes. “The expression on her face is typical of people who have lost their front teeth.”

capsized boat

At the New York Museum contemporary art in 1961, Henri Matisse's painting "The Boat" was exhibited. Only after 47 days did someone notice that the painting was hanging upside down. The canvas depicts 10 purple lines and two blue sails on a white background.

The artist painted two sails for a reason, the second sail is a reflection of the first one on the surface of the water. In order not to be mistaken in how the picture should hang, you need to pay attention to the details. The larger sail should be at the top of the painting, and the peak of the sail of the painting should be directed to the upper right corner.

Henri Matisse, The Boat, 1937.

Two "Breakfasts on the Grass"

Artists Edouard Manet and Claude Monet are sometimes confused - after all, they were both French, lived at the same time and worked in the style of impressionism. Even the name of one of Manet's most famous paintings, "Breakfast on the Grass", Monet borrowed and wrote his "Breakfast on the Grass".

Édouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863.

Claude Monet, Breakfast on the Grass, 1865.

How many more secrets, secret ciphers and messages, erroneous interpretations and deceptions hide the paintings of great artists? Who knows, maybe they will be revealed literally tomorrow, or maybe only by the next generation of researchers.

~~~~~~~~~~~

Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1500-1510

In almost every significant work of art there is a mystery, a double bottom or a secret story that you want to uncover. Today we let's share a few of them.

Music on the buttocks

Fragment of the right side of the triptych

Disputes about the meanings and hidden meanings of the famous work Dutch artist has not subsided since its appearance. On the right wing of the triptych called "Musical Hell" sinners are depicted who are tortured in the underworld with the help of musical instruments. One of them has notes imprinted on his buttocks. Oklahoma Christian University student Amelia Hamrick, who studied the painting, adapted the 16th-century notation to a modern twist and recorded "a 500-year-old ass-song from hell."

Revenge of Salvador Dali

The painting "Figure at the Window" was painted in 1925, when Dali was 21 years old. Then Gala had not yet entered the life of the artist, and his sister Ana Maria was his muse. The relationship between brother and sister deteriorated when he wrote in one of the paintings "sometimes I spit on a portrait of my own mother, and it gives me pleasure." Ana Maria could not forgive such shocking.

Two-faced Danae

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Danae, 1636-1647

Many secrets of one of Rembrandt's most famous paintings were revealed only in the 60s of the twentieth century, when the canvas was illuminated with x-rays. For example, the shooting showed that in the early version, the face of the princess, who entered into a love affair with Zeus, was similar to the face of Saskia, the wife of the painter, who died in 1642. In the final version of the painting, it began to resemble the face of Gertier Dirks, Rembrandt's mistress, with whom the artist lived after the death of his wife.

Van Gogh's yellow bedroom

Vincent van Gogh, "Bedroom in Arles", 1888 - 1889

Toothless perfection

Leonardo da Vinci, "Portrait of Mrs. Lisa del Giocondo", 1503 - 1519

Major on face control

Pavel Fedotov, Major's Matchmaking, 1848

The public, who first saw the painting "Courtship of a Major", laughed heartily: the artist Fedotov filled it with ironic details that were understandable to viewers of that time. For example, the major is clearly not familiar with the rules of noble etiquette: he appeared without the proper bouquets for the bride and her mother. And the bride herself was discharged by her merchant parents into an evening ball gown, although it was daytime (all the lamps in the room were extinguished). The girl obviously tried on a low-cut dress for the first time, is embarrassed and tries to run away to her room.

Why Freedom is naked

Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix, Liberty at the Barricades, 1830

According to the art historian Etienne Julie, Delacroix painted the face of a woman from the famous Parisian revolutionary, Anna Charlotte, a laundress, who went to the barricades after her brother was killed by royal soldiers and killed nine guards. The artist depicted her bare-chested. According to his plan, this is a symbol of fearlessness and selflessness, as well as the triumph of democracy: naked breasts show that Svoboda, like a commoner, does not wear a corset.

non-square square

Kazimir Malevich, Black Suprematist Square, 1915

In fact, the "Black Square" is not black at all and not square at all: none of the sides of the quadrangle is parallel to any of its other sides, and none of the sides of the square frame that frames the picture. BUT dark color- this is the result of mixing various colors, among which there was no black. It is believed that this was not the negligence of the author, but a principled position, the desire to create a dynamic, mobile form.

old fisherman

In 1902, the Hungarian artist Tivadar Kostka Chontvari painted the painting "Old Fisherman". It would seem that there is nothing unusual in the picture, but Tivadar laid a subtext in it, which was never revealed during the life of the artist.
Few people thought of putting a mirror in the middle of the picture. In each person there can be both God (the right shoulder of the Old Man is duplicated) and the Devil (duplicated left shoulder old man).

Melodrama of the Austrian Mona Lisa

Gustav Klimt, "Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer", 1907

The painting that brought Gauguin back to life

Paul Gauguin, Where do we come from? Who are we? Where are we going?", 1897-1898

Gauguin's most famous canvas has one feature: it is "read" not from left to right, but from right to left, like Kabbalistic texts that the artist was interested in. It is in this order that the allegory of the spiritual and physical life of a person unfolds: from the birth of the soul (a sleeping child in the lower right corner) to the inevitability of the hour of death (a bird with a lizard in its claws in the lower left corner).

The painting was painted by Gauguin in Tahiti, where the artist fled from civilization several times. But this time life on the island did not work out: total poverty led him to depression. Having finished the canvas, which was to become his spiritual testament, Gauguin took a box of arsenic and went to the mountains to die. However, he did not calculate the dose, and the suicide failed. The next morning, he staggered to his hut and fell asleep, and when he woke up, he felt a forgotten thirst for life. And in 1898, his affairs went uphill, and a brighter period began in his work.

Nude Mona Lisa

The famous "Gioconda" exists in two versions: the nude version is called "Monna Vanna", it was painted by the little-known artist Salai, who was a student and sitter of the great Leonardo da Vinci. Many art critics are sure that it was he who was the model for Leonardo's paintings "John the Baptist" and "Bacchus". There are also versions that dressed in a woman's dress, Salai served as the image of the Mona Lisa herself.

Twins at the Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495-1498

When Leonardo da Vinci wrote The Last Supper, he attached particular importance to two figures: Christ and Judas. He was looking for sitters for them for a very long time. Finally, he managed to find a model for the image of Christ among the young singers. Leonardo failed to find a sitter for Judas for three years. But one day he came across a drunkard lying in the gutter on the street. He was a young man who had been aged by heavy drinking. Leonardo invited him to a tavern, where he immediately began to write Judas from him. When the drunkard came to his senses, he told the artist that he had already posed for him once. It was a few years ago, when he sang in the church choir, Leonardo wrote Christ from him.

Innocent story "Gothic"

Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930

Grant Wood's work is considered one of the strangest and most depressing in the history of American painting. The picture with a gloomy father and daughter is overflowing with details that indicate the severity, puritanism and retrogradeness of the people depicted. In fact, the artist did not intend to depict any horrors: during a trip to Iowa, he noticed a small house in the Gothic style and decided to depict those people who, in his opinion, would be ideally suited as inhabitants. Grant's sister and his dentist are immortalized in the form of characters that the people of Iowa were so offended by.

"Night Watch" or "Day Watch"?

Rembrandt, Night Watch, 1642

One of Rembrandt’s most famous paintings, “The Performance of the Rifle Company of Captain Frans Banning Cock and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenbürg,” hung in different halls for about two hundred years and was discovered by art historians only in the 19th century. Since the figures seemed to stand out against a dark background, it was called the Night Watch, and under this name it entered the treasury of world art. And only during the restoration, carried out in 1947, it turned out that in the hall the picture had managed to become covered with a layer of soot, which distorted its color. After clearing the original painting, it was finally revealed that the scene presented by Rembrandt actually takes place during the day. The position of the shadow from the left hand of Captain Kok shows that the duration of the action is no more than 14 hours.

capsized boat

Henri Matisse, The Boat, 1937

In the New York Museum of Modern Art in 1961, Henri Matisse's painting "The Boat" was exhibited. Only after 47 days did someone notice that the painting was hanging upside down. The canvas depicts 10 purple lines and two blue sails on a white background. The artist painted two sails for a reason, the second sail is a reflection of the first one on the surface of the water. In order not to be mistaken in how the picture should hang, you need to pay attention to the details. The larger sail should be at the top of the painting, and the peak of the sail of the painting should be directed to the upper right corner.

Deception in a self-portrait

Vincent van Gogh, Self Portrait with a Pipe, 1889

There are legends that Van Gogh allegedly cut off his own ear. Now the most reliable version is that Van Gogh's ear was damaged in a small scuffle with the participation of another artist, Paul Gauguin. The self-portrait is interesting in that it reflects reality in a distorted form: the artist is depicted with a bandaged right ear, because he used a mirror when working. In fact, the left ear was damaged.

Two "Breakfasts on the Grass"

Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863

Claude Monet, Breakfast on the Grass, 1865

alien bears

Ivan Shishkin, "Morning in the Pine Forest", 1889

The famous painting belongs not only to the brush of Shishkin. Many artists who were friends with each other often resorted to "the help of a friend", and Ivan Ivanovich, who had been painting landscapes all his life, was afraid that touching bears would not turn out the way he needed. Therefore, Shishkin turned to a familiar animal painter Konstantin Savitsky.

Savitsky painted perhaps the best bears in the history of Russian painting, and Tretyakov ordered that his name be washed off the canvas, since everything in the picture “starting from the idea and ending with the execution, everything speaks of the manner of painting, of the creative method peculiar to Shishkin.”

At the exhibition of paintings by Aivazovsky. But right now, right here in Tretyakov Gallery, in the Engineering building, a unique exhibition Secrets of old paintings. When you still look at the reverse side of the picture and find out that on the other side of the canvas, it turns out, there is also the most interesting riddles. When else will you be shown what is hidden under the main layer of the picture in x-rays? When else will you see sketches of famous paintings in which the plots and faces can be completely different?

Let's start with the famous painting by Vasily Pukirev "Unequal Marriage". pay attention to young man with a beard that stands behind the bride. This is Vasily Pukirev himself and it was believed that this is the story of his unhappy love, when his bride was forced to marry Alexei Markovich Poltoratsky, who was the leader of the Tver nobility.

But ... Let's look at the sketch of the picture and what do we see? Did you pay attention? Behind the bride is a similar, but slightly different person.

02.

This is Pukirev's friend Sergei Mikhailovich Varentsov. He was in love with Sofya Nikolaevna Rybnikova, who was married to Andrei Aleksandrovich Karzinkin. And Varentsov was present at this wedding

03.

04. But what else do we see when analyzing the picture and history? It turns out that Andrei Karzinkin from the second version was only 37 years old at the time of the wedding, while Alexei Poltoratsky was quite an old man, which we see on the sketch "The Head of an Old Man", which was painted for the picture. Although there are versions that the head was written off from Prince Pavel Tsitsianov or from the cook Vladimir Ivanovich, who served with the Varentsovs

05. And here, many years later, in 1907, a joker appears - a pencil drawing by V.D. Sukhov. And there is an inscription on it: "Praskovya Matveevna Varentsova, with whom 44 years ago the artist V.V. Pukirev painted his famous painting "Unequal Marriage". Mrs. Varentsova lives in Moscow, in the Mazurinskaya almshouse." So the mystery of the picture was solved

Move on. Here is a picture of Isaac Brodsky "Park Alley", painted in 1930. It would seem that this is unusual? Park with walking Soviet people. But the researchers drew attention to the trees, the crown of which was not very typical for Soviet parks.

06.

The same picture by Brodsky from the Italian cycle "Park Alley in Rome", written in 1911, was known. She was considered lost. And so the researchers decided to illuminate the picture "Park Alley" with X-rays. And what did they see? They saw the same painting "Park Alley in Rome", which was considered missing. Imagine the year 1930. The flywheel of repression begins to spin. And a picture. praising bourgeois Italy could bring the artist big problems. And Brodsky, changing the figures of people a little, makes a Soviet park out of an Italian park. But, thanks to X-rays and the tireless researchers of the Tretyakov Gallery, we can see the painting "Park Alley in Rome". Can compare

07.

08. "Portrait of an unknown man in a cocked hat" by Fyodor Stepanovich Rokotov. It would seem that it is unusual? Well, it looks like a woman's face. But more like nothing. It was believed that this is a portrait of Count Bobrinsky.

09. But no. X-ray revealed to us female face, presumably the wife of the landowner Struysky Olimpiada Sergeevna Balbekova. She passed away at the age of 20

10. "Portrait of Elizaveta Petrovna in her youth" by an unknown artist also seems to be a classic portrait of the middle of the 18th century. This is a copy of the picture of the court painter L. Caravak "Portrait of Tsesarevna Elizaveta Petrovna in a men's suit"

11. But looking at reverse side In the painting, we see a mirror portrait of Elizabeth with the inscription "Her Imperial Highness Gdrni tsesarvna in her youth Her latah, that the post was the most gracious Empress Elisavet Petrovna of Gdrnia." It is interesting that the portrait is painted on the thinnest canvas. This is the only such job in the world.

12.

13. A curious story is connected with the painting "The Nun" by Ilya Repin. This is Sofya Repina, who married the artist's brother. But why is she depicted as a nun?

14. The fact is that, according to the memoirs of the artist's niece L.A. Shevtsova-Spore, Repin and Sophia quarreled, and the artist freaked out. Well, a creative person, it happens. He took it and remade a light portrait of Sophia in a lace dress into a monastic one.

I, perhaps, will stop there and will no longer reveal the secrets of the rest of the old paintings. Must be a mystery to you. And, believe me, there are still a lot of secrets of various famous paintings that can be unraveled. Therefore, go, run urgently to this unique exhibition. It runs until August 21st. You still have time to catch it.

Thanks grushenka , catherine_catty , lotta20 , balakina_ann , juliya_lambert , da_dmitry , nastyono4ka , bulyukina_e ,

Hi all. Today we have a scientific article in our blog. More precisely, a scientific selection. In general, we have collected for you several hundred terms from chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology and other sciences. At the end of each set there will be a link where you can add it for study. Ready? Then let's start without further ado.

Maths

algebra- algebra
geometry- geometry
point- dot
circle- a circle
square- square
triangle- triangle
diagonal- diagonal
diameter- diameter
radius- radius
angle- corner
parallel- parallel
area- square
perimeter- perimeter
plane- plane
difference- difference
quantity- magnitude
infinity- infinity
line- line
segment- line segment
mathematical single- mathematical sign
fraction- fraction
root- root
power- degree
equation- the equation
solve- decide

Mathematics I (25 words), Mathematics II (25 words), Mathematics III (25 words) .

Physics

analysis- analysis
study- study
assumption- assumption
energy- energy
atom- atom
particles- particle
electron- electron
neutron- neutron
proton- proton
charge- charge
electrical- electric
current- current
direct- constant
direction- direction
inertia- inertia
mass- weight
power- strength
resistance- resistance
stress- voltage
acceleration- acceleration
frequency- frequency
properties- properties
relative- relative
nuclear- nuclear
radiation- radiation

Save study sets: Physics I (25 words), Physics II (25 words) , Physics III (25 words) .

Astronomy

space- space
asteroid- asteroid
meteorite- meteorite
comet- comet
flare- flash
planet- planet
planetoid- minor planet
satellite- satellite
star- star
constellation- constellation
cluster- star cluster
galaxy- galaxy
local group- local group of galaxies
black hole- black hole
nebula- nebula
pulsar- pulsar
quasar- quasar
orbit- orbit
eclipse- eclipse
astronaut- astronaut
observatory- observatory
telescope- telescope
space exploration- space research
escape velocity- space speed
light-year- light year

Save study sets: Astronomy I (40 words), Astronomy II (40 words).

Geography

map- map
city- city
country- country
continent- continent
ocean- ocean
sea- sea
lake- lake
river- river
island- island
north- north
south- south
east- East
west- west
degree of latitude- degree of latitude
degree of longitude- degree of longitude
time zone- Timezone
hemisphere- hemisphere
equator- equator
land form- landform
coast- coast
Bay- bay
canyon- canyon
desert- desert
dale- valley
cliff- cliff

Save study sets: Geography I (40 words), Geography II (42 words), Geography III (19 words).

Story

age- century
period- period
frontier- the border
troops- armed forces
battle- battle
war- war
peace- world
alliance- union
expansion- expansion
covenant- agreement
treasure- betrayal
colony- the colony
empire- empire
secession- split
independence- independence
settle down- settle down
rules- edit
overthrow- overthrow
civilization- civilization
prosperous- prosperous
origin- origin
legend- legend
myth- myth
custom- tradition
censorship- censorship

Save study sets: Story I (37 words), History II (41 words), Story III (30 words) .

Biology

biosphere- biosphere
ecosystem- ecosystem
diversity- variety
species- view
bacteria- bacterium
virus- virus
embryo- embryo
cell- cell
dermis- dermis
tissue- the cloth
DNA- DNA
genome- genome
receptor- receptor
plasma- plasma
organelle- organelle
chromosome- chromosome
absorption- absorption
excretion- selection
respiration- breathing
atrophy- atrophy
life cycle- life cycle
instinct- instinct
evolution- evolution
mutation- mutation
extermination- destruction

Chemistry

chemistry- chemistry
science- the science
analysis- analysis
aggregate state- state of aggregation
relative atomic mass- relative atomic mass
valency- valency
ion- and he
metal- metal
nonmetal- non-metal
atom- atom
molecule- molecule
symbol of element- element symbol
chemical bond- chemical bond
chemical equation- chemical equation
chemical equilibrium- chemical balance
chemical element- chemical element
chemical properties- Chemical properties
chemical reaction- chemical reaction
chemical formula- chemical formula
substance- substance
simple substance- a simple substance
complex substance- complex substance
synthesis- synthesis
periodic law- periodic law
periodic table- periodic table

Sociology

behavioral- behavioral
class consciousness- class consciousness
social- public
ideology- ideology
capitalism- capitalism
communism- communism
evolutionism- evolutionism
globalization- globalization
multiculturalism- multiculturalism
secularization- secularization
modernity- modernity
conflict- conflict
social inequality- social inequality
solidarity- solidarity
invariant- constant
contextual- contextual
empirical- based on experience
ethnicity- ethnicity
culture shock- culture shock
deviation- deviation from the norm
dysfunction- dysfunction
alienation- alienation
probably sampling- random sample
quantitative- quantitative
qualitative- qualitative

Psychology

accommodation- adaptation
addiction- addiction
aggression- aggression
Altruism- altruism
critical thinking- critical thinking
creativity- creation
displacement- sublimation
memory- memory
perception- perception
imagery- images
motivation- motivation
emotion- emotion
ecstasy- ecstasy
epinephrine- adrenaline
rehearsal- repetition
habit- habit
unconscious- subconscious
hypnosis- hypnosis
antianxiety drugs- sedative medications
burnout- exhaustion
stress- stress
insomnia- insomnia
maturation- ripening
temperament- temperament
self esteem- self-esteem

Linguistics

noun- noun
verb- verb
adjective- adjective
adverb- adverb
number- numeral
position- preposition
connection- union
interjection- interjection
collocation- phrase
phrase- phrase
idiomatic expression- idiom
phonetic- phonetics
consonant- consonant
schwa- neutral vowel
interlanguage- interlanguage
accent- accent
dialect- dialect
jargon- jargon
slang- slang
diphthong- diphthong
homonym- homonym
morpheme- morpheme
phoneme- phoneme
pidgin- pidgin
polysemy- multitasking

art history

abstract art- abstract art
vintage art- ancient art
applied art- applied art
classical art- classical art
folk art- folk art
Express- to express
communicate- transfer
interpret- interpret
impression- impression
influence- influence
intention- intention
content- content
style- style
trend- trend
sketchy- sketch
great- wonderful
brilliant- brilliant
astonishing- striking
outstanding- outstanding
remarkable- significant
crude- raw
pathetic- miserable
poor- Low quality
revolting- disgusting
second-rate- second rate

Save study sets: Art I (39 words), Art II (39 words).

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