International space station. It is a 400-ton structure, consisting of several dozen modules with an internal volume of over 900 cubic meters, which serves as a home for six space explorers. The ISS is not only the largest structure ever built by man in space, but also a true symbol of international cooperation. But this colossus did not appear from scratch - it took more than 30 launches to create it.
And it all started with the Zarya module, delivered into orbit by the Proton launch vehicle in such a distant November 1998.
Two weeks later, the Unity module went into space aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor.
The Endeavor crew docked two modules, which became the main one for the future ISS.
The third element of the station was the Zvezda residential module, launched in the summer of 2000. Interestingly, Zvezda was originally developed as a replacement for the base module of the Mir orbital station (AKA Mir 2). But the reality that followed after the collapse of the USSR made its own adjustments, and this module became the heart of the ISS, which, in general, is also not bad, because only after its installation it became possible to send long-term expeditions to the station.
The first crew went to the ISS in October 2000. Since then, the station has been continuously inhabited for over 13 years.
In the same autumn of 2000, several shuttles visited the ISS and installed a power module with the first set of solar panels.
In the winter of 2001, the ISS was replenished with the Destiny laboratory module delivered into orbit by the Atlantis shuttle. The Destiny was docked to the Unity module.
The main assembly of the station was carried out by shuttles. In 2001-2002 they delivered external storage platforms to the ISS.
Hand-manipulator "Kanadarm2".
Airlock compartments "Quest" and "Piers".
And most importantly - elements of truss structures that were used to store cargo outside the station, install radiators, new solar panels and other equipment. The total length of the trusses currently reaches 109 meters.
2003 Due to the disaster of the space shuttle "Columbia", work on the assembly of the ISS is suspended for almost three to three years.
2005 year. Finally, the shuttles return to space and the construction of the station resumes
Shuttles deliver all new elements of truss structures into orbit.
With their help, new sets of solar panels are installed on the ISS, which allows increasing its power supply.
In the fall of 2007, the ISS is replenished with the Harmony module (it docks with the Destiny module), which in the future will become a connecting node for two research laboratories: the European Columbus and the Japanese Kibo.
In 2008, the Columbus is delivered into orbit by a shuttle and docked with the Harmony (lower left module at the bottom of the station).
March 2009 Shuttle Discovery delivers the last fourth set of solar arrays into orbit. Now the station is operating at full capacity and can accommodate a permanent crew of 6 people.
In 2009, the station is replenished with the Russian Poisk module.
In addition, the assembly of the Japanese "Kibo" begins (the module consists of three components).
February 2010 The "Calm" module is added to the "Unity" module.
In turn, the famous "Dome" docks with "Tranquility".
It's so good to make observations from it.
Summer 2011 - shuttles retire.
But before that, they tried to deliver to the ISS as much equipment and equipment as possible, including robots specially trained to kill all humans.
Fortunately, by the time the shuttles retired, the assembly of the ISS was almost complete.
But still not completely. It is planned that in 2015 the Russian laboratory module Nauka will be launched, which will replace Pirs.
In addition, it is possible that the Bigelow experimental inflatable module, which is currently being developed by Bigelow Aerospace, will be docked to the ISS. If successful, it will be the first orbital station module built by a private company.
However, there is nothing surprising in this - a private truck "Dragon" in 2012 already flew to the ISS, and why not private modules appear? Although, of course, it is clear that it will be a long time before private companies can create structures similar to the ISS.
In the meantime, it is planned that the ISS will work in orbit until at least 2024 - although I personally hope that in reality this period will be much longer. Still, too much human effort was put into this project to shut it down for momentary savings rather than scientific reasons. And even more so, I sincerely hope that no political squabbles will affect the fate of this unique structure.
In the early 20th century, space pioneers such as Hermann Oberth, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Hermann Noordung, and Wernher von Braun dreamed of huge space stations in Earth's orbit. These scientists believed that space stations will be excellent preparatory points for exploring space. Do you remember the KETs Star?
Wernher von Braun, American architect space program, has integrated space stations into its long-term vision for US space exploration. Accompanying von Braun's numerous space-themed articles in popular magazines, the artists decorated them with drawings of space station concepts. These articles and drawings at one time contributed to the development of the public imagination and fueled interest in space exploration.
In these space station concepts, people lived and worked in open space. Most of the stations were like huge wheels that rotated and generated artificial gravity. Ships came and went like in a normal port. They brought cargo, passengers and materials from Earth. Outgoing flights were directed to the Earth, the Moon, Mars and beyond. At that time, humanity did not fully understand that von Braun's vision would become a reality very soon.
The US and Russia have been developing orbital space stations since 1971. The first stations in space were the Russian Salyut, the American Skylab and the Russian Mir. And since 1998, the United States, Russia, the European Space Agency, Canada, Japan and other countries have built and began to develop the International Space Station (ISS) in Earth orbit. On the ISS, people have been living and working in space for more than a decade.
In this article, we will review the first space station programs, their use in the present and future. But first, let's take a closer look at why these space stations are needed at all.
Why build space stations?
There are many reasons for building and operating space stations, including research, industry, exploration, and even tourism. The first space stations were built to study the long-term effects of weightlessness on the human body. After all, if astronauts ever fly to Mars or other planets, we first need to know how prolonged exposure to weightlessness affects humans over the months of a long flight.
Space stations are also at the forefront of research that cannot be done on Earth. For example, gravity changes the way atoms are organized into crystals. In zero gravity, an almost perfect crystal can form. Such crystals can become excellent semiconductors and form the basis of powerful computers. In 2016, NASA plans to establish a laboratory on the ISS for research ultra-low temperatures in conditions of weightlessness. Another effect of gravity is that in the process of burning directed flows, it generates an unstable flame, as a result of which their study becomes quite difficult. In weightlessness, one can easily explore stable slow-moving flame streams. This can be useful for studying the combustion process and designing stoves that are less polluting.
High above the Earth, space station participants have a unique view of the Earth's weather, topography, vegetation, oceans and atmosphere. Also, since space stations are above the Earth's atmosphere, they can be used as manned observatories for space telescopes. Earth's atmosphere won't interfere. The Hubble Space Telescope has made a lot of incredible discoveries precisely because of its location.
Space stations can be adapted as space hotels. It is Virgin Galactic, which is currently actively developing space tourism, that plans to establish hotels in space. With the growth of commercial space exploration, space stations could become ports for expeditions to other planets, as well as entire cities and colonies that could offload an overpopulated planet.
Now that we have learned what space stations are for, let's visit some of them. Let's start with the Salyut station - the first of the space ones.
Salyut: the first space station
Russia (then the Soviet Union) was the first to launch a space station into orbit. The Salyut-1 station entered orbit in 1971, becoming a combination space systems Almaz and Soyuz. The Almaz system was originally created for military purposes. The Soyuz spacecraft transported astronauts from Earth to the space station and back.
Salyut-1 was 15 meters long and consisted of three main compartments, which housed restaurants and recreation areas, food and water storage, a toilet, a control station, simulators and scientific equipment. The Soyuz 10 crew were originally supposed to live aboard the Salyut 1, but their mission ran into docking problems that prevented entry into the space station. The Soyuz-11 crew became the first to successfully settle on Salyut-1, where they lived for 24 days. However, this crew died tragically on their return to Earth when the capsule depressurized on re-entry. Further missions to Salyut-1 were canceled and spaceship Union has been redesigned.
After Soyuz 11, the Soviets launched another space station, Salyut 2, but it failed to reach orbit. Then there were Salyuts-3-5. These launches tested the new Soyuz spacecraft and crew for long missions. One of the disadvantages of these space stations was that they only had one docking port for the Soyuz spacecraft and it could not be reused.
On September 29, 1977, the Soviet Union launched Salyut-6. This station was equipped with a second docking port, so the station could be re-sent using the Progress unmanned vessel. "Salyut-6" worked from 1977 to 1982. In 1982, the last Salyut-7 was launched. He sheltered 11 crews and worked for 800 days. The Salyut program eventually led to the development of the Mir space station, which we will discuss later. First, let's take a look at America's first space station, Skylab.
Skylab: America's first space station
The United States launched its first and only space station, Skylab-1, into orbit in 1973. During launch, the space station was damaged. The meteor shield and one of the station's two main solar panels were torn off, and the other solar panel did not fully deploy. For these reasons, Skylab had little electricity, and the internal temperature rose to 52 degrees Celsius.
The first Skylab-2 crew was launched 10 days later to repair the slightly damaged station. The Skylab-2 crew deployed the remaining solar panel and set up an umbrella awning to cool the station. After the repair of the station, the astronauts spent 28 days in space, conducting scientific and biomedical research.
Being a modified third stage of the Saturn V rocket, Skylab consisted of the following parts:
- Orbital workshop (a quarter of the crew lived and worked in it).
- Gateway module (allowing access to the outside of the station).
- Multiple docking lock (allowed several Apollo spacecraft to dock with the station at the same time).
- Mount for the telescope "Apollo" (there were telescopes for observing the Sun, stars and the Earth). Keep in mind that the Hubble Space Telescope had not yet been built.
- The Apollo spacecraft (command and service module for transporting the crew to and from Earth).
Skylab was equipped with two additional crews. Both of these crews spent 59 and 84 days in orbit, respectively.
Skylab was not meant to be a permanent space dacha, but rather a workshop where the US would test the effects of prolonged space travel on the human body. When the third crew left the station, it was abandoned. Very soon, an intense solar flare knocked it out of orbit. The station fell into the atmosphere and burned down over Australia in 1979.
Station "Mir": the first permanent space station
In 1986, the Russians launched the Mir space station, which was supposed to be a permanent home in space. The first crew, consisting of cosmonauts Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov, spent 75 days on board. Over the next 10 years, Mir was constantly improved and consisted of the following parts:
- Living quarters (where there were separate crew cabins, a toilet, a shower, a kitchen and a garbage compartment).
- Transition compartment for additional modules of the station.
- An intermediate compartment that connected the working module to the rear docking ports.
- The fuel compartment, which stored the fuel tanks and rocket motors.
- Astrophysical module "Kvant-1", which had telescopes for studying galaxies, quasars and neutron stars.
- The scientific module "Kvant-2", which provided equipment for biological research, Earth observation and space walks.
- Technological module "Crystal", in which biological experiments were carried out; it was equipped with a dock to which American shuttles could dock.
- The Spektr module was used to observe natural resources Earth and the earth's atmosphere, as well as to support biological and natural science experiments.
- The Nature module contained a radar and spectrometers to study the Earth's atmosphere.
- Docking module with ports for future dockings.
- The Progress supply ship is an unmanned retrofit ship that brought new food and equipment from Earth, and also removed waste.
- The Soyuz spacecraft provided the main transport from the Earth and back.
In 1994, in preparation for the International Space Station, NASA astronauts spent time aboard Mir. During the stay of one of the four cosmonauts, Jerry Linenger, an onboard fire broke out at the Mir station. During the stay of Michael Foal, another of the four astronauts, the Progress supply ship crashed into the Mir.
The Russian space agency could no longer contain Mir, so they agreed with NASA to abandon Mir and focus on the ISS. On November 16, 2000, it was decided to send Mir to Earth. In February 2001, Mir's rocket engines slowed the station down. It entered the Earth's atmosphere on March 23, 2001, burned up and fell apart. Debris fell in the southern part Pacific Ocean near Australia. This marked the end of the first permanent space station.
International Space Station (ISS)
In 1984, US President Ronald Reagan invited countries to unite and build a permanently manned space station. Reagan saw that industry and governments would support the station. To keep the huge costs down, the US partnered with 14 other countries (Canada, Japan, Brazil and the European Space Agency, represented by the rest of the countries). During the planning process and after the collapse Soviet Union The United States invited Russia to cooperate in 1993. The number of participating countries has grown to 16. NASA has taken the lead in coordinating the construction of the ISS.
The assembly of the ISS in orbit began in 1998. On October 31, 2000, the first crew from Russia was launched. Three people spent almost five months aboard the ISS, activating systems and conducting experiments.
In October 2003, China became the third space power, and since then has been developing a full-fledged space program, and in 2011 launched the Tiangong-1 laboratory into orbit. Tiangong was the first module for China's future space station, which was scheduled to be completed by 2020. The space station can serve both civilian and military purposes.
The future of space stations
In fact, we are only at the very beginning of the development of space stations. The ISS was a huge step forward after Salyut, Skylab and Mir, but we are still far from the realization of the large space stations or colonies that science fiction writers wrote about. None of the space stations still have gravity. One of the reasons for this is that we need a place where we can conduct experiments in zero gravity. The other is that we simply don't have the technology to spin such a large structure to produce artificial gravity. In the future, artificial gravity will become mandatory for space colonies with large populations.
Another interesting idea is the location of the space station. The ISS requires periodic acceleration due to being in low Earth orbit. However, there are two places between the Earth and the Moon, which are called the Lagrange points L-4 and L-5. At these points, the earth's and moon's gravity are balanced, so the object will not be pulled by the earth or moon. The orbit will be stable. The community, which calls itself the "L5 Society", was formed 25 years ago and promotes the idea of placing a space station at one of these points. The more we learn about the operation of the ISS, the better the next space station will be, and the dreams of von Braun and Tsiolkovsky will finally become a reality.
Feb 26, 2018 Gennady
Let's say you want to be a science fiction writer, write fanfiction, or make a space game. In any case, you will have to invent your own spaceship, figure out how it will fly, what capabilities and characteristics it will have, and try not to make mistakes in this not a simple matter. After all, you want to make your ship realistic and believable, but at the same time capable of not only flying to the moon. After all, all space captains sleep and see how they colonize Alpha Centauri, fight aliens and save the world.
So, to start Let's deal with the most egregious misconceptions about spaceships and space. And the very first misconception will be as follows:
Space is not an ocean!
I tried as best I could to shift this delusion from the first place, so as not to be like, but it just doesn’t climb into any gates at all. All these endless Galaxies, Enterprises and other Yamatos.
Space is not close to the ocean, there is no friction in it, there is no up and down, the enemy can approach from anywhere, and the ships, after picking up speed, can fly even sideways, even back to front. The battle will take place at such distances that the enemy can only be seen through a telescope. Using the design of naval ships in space is idiocy. For example, in battle, the ship's bridge protruding from the hull will be shot first.
The "bottom" of the spacecraft is where the engine is.
Remember once and for all - the bottom of the spacecraft is where the exhaust of the working engines is directed, and the top is in the direction in which it is accelerating! Have you ever felt the pressure in the seat of a car when accelerating? Pushes always in the opposite direction to the movement. Only on Earth, planetary gravity additionally acts, and in space, the acceleration of your ship will become an analogue of the force of gravity. Longships will look more like skyscrapers with lots of floors.
Fighters in space.
Do you like to watch how fighter jets fly in the TV series Battlestar Galactica or in Star Wars? So this is all as stupid and unrealistic as it can be. What should I start with?
- There will be no aircraft maneuvers in space, turning off the engines you can fly as you like, and in order to break away from the pursuer, it is enough to turn the ship with its nose back and shoot the enemy. The faster you go, the harder it is to change course - no dead loops, the closest analogy is a loaded truck on ice.
- A fighter jet like that needs a pilot in much the same way that a spaceship needs wings. The pilot is excess weight the pilot himself and the life support system, extra costs for the pilot’s salary and insurance in case of death, limited maneuverability due to the fact that people do not tolerate overloads very well, reduced combat capability - the computer sees 360 degrees at once, has an instant reaction, never gets tired and never panics.
- Air intakes are also not needed. The requirements for atmospheric and space fighters are so different that either space or atmosphere, but not both.
- Fighters in space are useless. How is that?!! Don't even try to object. I live in 2016 and even now air defense systems destroy absolutely any aircraft without exception. Small fighters cannot be equipped with adequate armor or good weapons, and a large enemy ship can easily fit a cool radar and a laser system for a couple of hundred megawatts with an effective range of a million kilometers. The enemy will vaporize all your brave pilots along with their fighters before they even know what happened. To some extent, this can already be observed now, when the range of anti-ship missiles has become greater than the range of carrier-based aircraft. Sadly, all aircraft carriers are now just a pile of useless metal.
There is no stealth in space!
No, that is, it does not happen at all, period. The point here is not in stealth radio and stylish black color, but in the second law of thermodynamics, as discussed below. For example, the usual temperature of space is 3 Kelvin, the freezing point of water is 273 Kelvin. The spaceship glows with warmth Christmas tree and nothing can be done about it, nothing at all. For example, the Shuttle's thrusters are visible from a distance of approximately 2 astronomical units, or 299 million kilometers. There is no way to hide the exhaust of your engines, and if the enemy's sensors saw it, then you are in big trouble. From the exhaust of your ship, you can determine:
- Your course
- Weight of the ship
- engine thrust
- engine's type
- Engine power
- Ship acceleration
- jet mass flow
- Expiration rate
Spaceships need portholes just like submarines.
Portholes weaken the rigidity of the hull, transmit radiation, and are vulnerable to damage. Human eyes in space can't see much, visible light makes up a tiny part of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that fills the cosmos, and battles will take place at colossal distances and the enemy’s window can only be seen through a telescope.
But it is quite possible to go blind from the hit of an enemy laser. Modern screens are quite suitable for simulating windows of absolutely any size, and if necessary, a computer can show something that the human eye cannot see, for example, some kind of nebula or galaxy.
There is no sound in space.
First, what is sound? Sound is elastic waves of mechanical vibrations in a liquid solid or gaseous medium. And since there is nothing in a vacuum, and there is no sound? Well, partly true, in space you will not hear ordinary sounds, but outer space is not empty. For example, at a distance of 400 thousand kilometers from the earth (lunar orbit) on average particles per cubic meter.
The vacuum is empty.
Oh forget about it. In our universe with its laws, this cannot be. First of all, what is meant by vacuum? There is a technical vacuum, physical, . For example, if you create a container from an absolutely impenetrable substance, remove absolutely all matter from it and create a vacuum there, then the container will still be filled with radiation like electromagnetic and other fundamental interactions.
Okay, but if you shield the container, what then? Of course, it’s not entirely clear to me how gravity can be screened, but let’s say. Even then the container will not be empty, virtual quantum particles and fluctuations will constantly appear and disappear in it throughout the volume. Yes, just like that, they appear from nowhere and disappear into nowhere - quantum physics absolutely spit on your logic and common sense. These particles and fluctuations are irremovable. Do these particles exist physically or is it just mathematical model- an open question, but these particles create effects quite to themselves.
What the hell is the temperature in a vacuum?
Interplanetary space has a temperature of about 3 degrees Kelvin due to CMB, of course, the temperature rises near the stars. This mysterious radiation is an echo of the Big Bang, its echo. It has spread throughout the universe and its temperature is measured using the "black body" and black scientific magic. Interestingly, the coldest point in our Universe is located in the earth's laboratory, its temperature is 0.000 000 000 1 K or zero point one billionth of a degree Kelvin. Why not zero? Absolute zero is unreachable in our universe.
Radiators in space
I was very surprised that some do not understand how radiators work in space and "Why are they needed, it's cold in space." It is really cold in space, but vacuum is an ideal heat insulator and one of the main problems of a spaceship is how not to melt itself. Radiators lose energy due to radiation - they glow with thermal radiation and cool, like any object in our universe with a temperature above absolute zero. I remind especially smart ones - heat cannot be converted into electricity, heat cannot be converted into anything at all. According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat cannot be destroyed, transformed or absorbed without a trace, only taken to another place. converts to electricity temperature difference, and since its efficiency is far from 100%, then you will have even more heat than it was originally.
On the ISS, anti-gravity / no gravity / microgravity?
There is no anti-gravity, no microgravity, no lack of gravity on the ISS - all these are delusions. The force of attraction at the station is approximately 93% of the force of gravity on the Earth's surface. How do they fly there? If the cable breaks at the elevator, then everyone inside will experience the same weightlessness the same as on board the ISS. Of course, until they break into a cake. The International Space Station constantly falls to the surface of the Earth, but misses. In general, gravitational radiation has no range limits and it always acts, but obeys.
Weight and mass
How many people, having seen enough films, think: "Here, if I were on the moon, I could lift multi-ton cobblestones with one hand." So forget about it. Let's take some five kilogram gaming laptop. The weight of this laptop is the force with which it presses on a support, on the skinny knees of a bespectacled nerd for example. Mass is how much substance is in this laptop and it is always and everywhere constant, except that it does not move, relative to you, at a speed close to light.
On Earth, a laptop weighs 5 kg, 830 grams on the Moon, 1.89 kg on Mars and zero aboard the ISS, but the mass will be five kilograms everywhere. Also, mass determines the amount of energy required to change the position in space of an object that has this same mass. To budge a 10 ton stone, you need to spend a colossal, by human standards, amount of energy, it's like pushing a huge Boeing on the runway. And if you, annoyed, kick this ill-fated stone out of anger, then, as an object of a much smaller mass, you will fly far, far away. The force of action is equal to the reaction, remember?
Without a spacesuit in space
Despite the name "" there will be no explosion, and without a spacesuit you can stay in space for about ten seconds and not even get irreversible damage. In case of depressurization, saliva from the mouth will instantly evaporate from the person, all the air will fly out of the lungs, stomach and intestines - yes, the fart will bomb very notably. Most likely, the astronaut will die from asphyxiation before from radiation, or decompression. In total, you can live for about a minute.
You need fuel to fly in space.
The presence of fuel on the ship is a necessary but not sufficient condition. People often confuse fuel and reaction mass. How many times do I see in movies and games: "Low fuel", "Captain, running out of fuel", the fuel indicator is at zero" - No! Spaceships are not cars, where you can fly does not depend on the amount of fuel.
The force of action is equal to the reaction, and in order to fly forward, you need to throw something back with force. What the rocket throws out of the nozzle is called the reaction mass, and the source of energy for all this action is the fuel. For example, an ion engine will have electricity as fuel, argon gas will be the reaction mass, nuclear engine the fuel is uranium, and the reaction mass is hydrogen. All the confusion is due to chemical rockets, where fuel and reaction mass are the same, but no one in their right mind would think of flying on chemical fuel beyond lunar orbit due to very low efficiency.
There is no maximum flight distance
There is no friction in space, and the maximum speed of a ship is only limited by the speed of light. While the engines are running, the spacecraft picks up speed, when they turn off - it will maintain the gained speed until it starts to accelerate in the other direction. Therefore, it makes no sense to talk about the flight range, having accelerated, you will fly until the Universe dies, well, or until you crash into a planet or worse.
You can fly to Alpha Centauri even now, in a couple of million years we will fly. By the way, you can slow down in space only by turning the ship with the engine forward, giving gas, braking in space is called acceleration in the opposite direction. But be careful - in order to slow down from, say, 10 km / s to zero, you need to spend the same amount of time and energy as accelerating to these same 10 km / s. In other words - it accelerated, but there is not enough fuel / reaction mass in the tanks for braking? Then you are doomed and will fly through the galaxy until the end of time.
Aliens have nothing to mine on our planet!
There are no elements on earth that could not be dug up in the nearest asteroid belt. Yes, our planet does not even come close to having anything at least somewhat unique. For example, water is the most common substance in the universe. Life? Jupiter's moons Europa and Enceladus may well support life. No one will be dragged across the floor of the galaxy for the sake of pathetic humanity. What for? If it is enough to build a mining station on the nearest uninhabited planet or asteroid, and you don’t have to go to distant lands.
Well, everything seems to have been sorted out with delusions, and if I missed something, remind me in the comments.
I hope that not everyone here is a rocket scientist and that I will eventually be able to get out from under the mountain of tomatoes that will be thrown at me. Since I am the king of laziness, here is the link to the original -
Galacticraft- a modification that adds space rockets and many colonizable planets to the game. Each planet generates unique resources, depending on the planet's type and habitability.
Each planet has several parameters that can be seen in a special menu:
Gravity - affects the behavior of entities in this world. The lower the gravity, the faster the body moves.
Habitability - shows the probability of the appearance of mobs on the planet. Mob spawning can be disabled even if gravity is at medium level.
The presence of life - determines the presence of mobs on this planet.
Push: Pretty good mod that adds variety to the game and makes it possible to go to the Moon or Mars without any portals, on a real rocket, like a real Gagarin. You can build your own space station if you wish.
Item IDs indicated for easier crafting recipe search.
Worlds to fly
NASA Workbench
Electrical mechanisms
Rocket collection
Fuel for rocket and transport
astronaut equipment
Flight to the moon
Creation of a lunar station
Resources
We stock up on resources as they will need a lot. We will need iron, coal, aluminum, copper, tin and silicon. And also not a lot of red dust, diamonds and lapis lazuli. It is better to place all mechanisms and the launch pad in a separate room, since they will not be useful for anything else.
1. Worlds to fly
Earth- the standard game world and the only planet near which you can create an orbital station.
Orbital station- a dimension created by the player in the presence of the necessary resources. It has weak gravity and the complete absence of any mobs. A rocket of any level is required to fly.
Moon- is a satellite of the Earth, and by compatibility the first mastered by the player celestial body. Lunar gravity is 18% of Earth's, there is no atmosphere, but this does not prevent the appearance of several types of mobs.
Mars- the closest planet to Earth with many unique resources. Mobs spawn abundantly on the surface of the planet and in underground caves, and gravity is 38% of the earth's. The atmosphere appears to be unbreathable. To fly to Mars, you need to create a level 2 rocket.
Venus is a planet added in Galacticraft 4. It features a large number of lava and acid lakes on the surface. It is impossible to be on this planet without a thermal suit. Gravity is 90% of Earth's. You need a level 3 rocket to fly.
asteroids- A dimension consisting of many pieces of rock of different sizes, levitating in space. Due to low light levels, mobs are constantly appearing. It can only be flown using a level 3 rocket.
The galactic map also displays other planets that are not available for flight in the current version of the modification.
2. NASA Workbench
Things like rocket, cargo rocket and lunar rover are assembled on a special workbench.
Aluminum wire (ID 1118)
It will be needed for crafting and transferring energy from generators to mechanisms.
6 wool (any)
3 aluminum ingots
Chip manufacturer (ID 1116:4)
Aluminum ingots 2 pieces, lever, etc.
Coal generator (ID 1115)
Let's craft it, as we will need energy ...
3 copper ingots
4 iron
Now we put the generator and stretch the aluminum wire from the output of the generator to the input of the chip manufacturer.
We put coal in the generator, and redstone, silicon and diamond in the manufacturer in the appropriate slots. What we put in the fourth slot determines the type of chip we produce.
Red Torch (Main Wafer)
Repeater (advanced wafer)
Lapis lazuli (blue solar wafer)
Compressor (ID 1115:12)
1 copper
6 aluminum
1 anvil (ID 145)
1 core wafer
The compressor runs on coal. We place 2 ingots of iron in it and get compressed iron. Now we put a plate of compressed iron and 2 pieces of coal into the compressor (location is not important) and we get compressed steel.
Now everything is ready to create the NASA workbench
Workbench- a multiblock, and there must be enough space around to place it around. In total, the workbench has the following recipes: Tier 1 Missile, Tier 2 Missile, Tier 3 Missile, Cargo Missile, Automatic Cargo Missile, and Buggy.
The tier 1 rocket is unlocked by default and will only take you to the moon. To fly longer distances, you will need a level 2 rocket.
3. Electric mechanisms
Electricity can be used not only for the production of microcircuits - you can do:
Electric furnace (ID 1117:4)
Electric compressor (ID 1116)
Battery (ID 4706:100)
Allows mechanisms to work in the absence of generators,
for example, on the moon.
Energy storage module (ID 1117)
Allows you to store a huge amount of energy. The top slot is used to charge the battery, the bottom slot increases the capacity to 7.5 MJ.
Solar panel (2 types)
In order for the panels to work, they need direct access to the sun, meaning you must be able to see the sun while standing next to the panel. It should not be blocked by mountains or a ceiling. Panels do not work in the rain. They are connected with aluminum wires, like all mechanisms in this mod.
- Main (ID 1113)
Stands in place. Gets more energy in the middle of the day.
Maximum capacity 10000 RF.
- Advanced (ID 1113:4)
An advanced solar panel differs from the main one in that it follows the sun throughout the day, so it collects the maximum amount of energy for the whole day.
Maximum capacity 18750 RF.
Here are the recipes we need:
blue solar wafer
Single solar module (ID 4705)
Complete solar panel (ID 4705:1)
Thick aluminum wire (for advanced panel) ID 1118:1
Steel pole (ID 4696)
4. Rocket collection
The main material is Super hard coating (ID 4693) and it is crafted with compressed steel, aluminum and bronze.
The moon and its inhabitants are waiting for you.
Head fairing (ID 4694)
Missile stabilizer (ID 4695)
Tin canister (ID 4688)
Rocket Engine Level 1 (ID 4692)
Now that all the parts are ready, we assemble the rocket on the NASA workbench (the top 3 chest slots are the inventory of the rocket).
Rocket launch from airstrip (ID 1089) which is made entirely of iron.
A 3 by 3 site is being assembled.
5. Fuel for rocket and transport
First of all, we do empty liquid canister (4698:1001)
It will store processed fuel from oil. Oil can be found underground.
Energy is needed to run a factory. You need to put oil in the top slot. It is enough to put a bucket of oil. Running back and forth with a bucket is not as logical as making 10 buckets. I did this: crafted bucket and fired glass (ID 1058:1). You can have more than one, since it stacks filled with the same liquid, and empty. Found oil. You put the same glass nearby and fill it with a bucket. If my memory serves me right, then 4 buckets fit into the glass. Next, we break the glass and pick it up, carry it to the plant and fill the oil in the reverse order ...
P.S. Glass can also carry other liquids. Personally, I have tried oil, lava and water.
We put a bucket of oil in the left cell, and a canister in the right cell. We poke CLEAR and the process has begun, if there is access to energy.
Now we need fuel loader (ID 1103)
We put it close to the launch pad, supply electricity to it and load the fuel. One canister is enough for one flight.
6. Astronaut equipment
Your equipment is on a separate tab
- Oxygen cylinders (3 types)
- frequency module
- Oxygen mask
- Parachute
- oxygen equipment
To fill oxygen cylinders, you need and. To craft them, we need the following components:
Fan (ID 4690)
Vent valve (ID 4689)
Oxygen concentrator (ID 4691)
Now let's start crafting the above 1096 and 1097
Oxygen collector (ID 1096)
Oxygen compressor (ID 1097)
Also, for the transfer of oxygen, you need oxygen pipe (ID 1101)
Oxygen cylinder (3 types) of different capacity(I did a big one and didn't sweat it)
Small (ID 4674)
Medium (ID 4675)
Large (ID 4676)
We connect the blue outlet of the collector with the blue outlet of the compressor with an oxygen pipe, supply electricity, put an oxygen cylinder in the compressor slot and wait until it is full.
Now craft the rest of the equipment:
Frequency module (ID 4705:19) needed in order to hear in the absence of oxygen on the surface of the planets.
Oxygen mask (ID 4672)
Parachute (ID 4715) which can then be repainted in any color
Oxygen equipment (ID 4673)
7. Flight to the moon
Now everything is ready for the first flight to the moon. What you need to take with you:
- Armor and weapons
- Equipment
- Fuel loader, battery and fuel can for return flight
You can also make a flag:
Before leaving, I advise you to prepare everything for the construction of your own lunar base, since it will be possible to have a suit demon there.
8. Creation of the lunar station
Quite unexpectedly, a tree can be planted on the Moon, which will serve as a source of oxygen for breathing. We put a block of earth, a sprout and use bone meal on it (if the tree is large, then a square of four sprouts is needed). Now consider the necessary mechanisms.
Components required for crafting mechanisms:
Fan (ID 4690)
Vent valve (ID 4689)
Oxygen tube (ID 1101)
Assembly of mechanisms:
Oxygen collector (ID 1096) collects air from the surrounding blocks of foliage and transfers it through pipes.
Oxygen storage module (ID 1116:8)- stores up to 60,000 units of oxygen (a large tank, for comparison, stores 2700 units)
Oxygen Bubble Dispenser (ID 1098)- consumes oxygen and electricity and creates an oxygen bubble with a radius of 10 blocks, inside which you can breathe.
Oxygen sealer (ID 1099)- fills the airtight room with oxygen and after filling it no longer spends it. Every 5 seconds the room is checked for depressurization. If it is large, then several placeholders are needed. Pipes and wires passing through the walls must be sealed with two blocks of tin.
Sealed oxygen pipe (ID 1109:1)
Sealed aluminum wire (ID 1109:14)
Oxygen compressor (ID 1097)– fills oxygen cylinders with air received through pipes.
Oxygen decompressor (ID 1097:4)- pumps oxygen from cylinders and transfers it through pipes.
Oxygen sensor (ID 1100) - gives a red signal in the presence of air.
Lunar station using an oxygen bubble generator
To use the placeholder, you must have an enclosed space, but it must have an entrance. For this, an air lock is used. Make a horizontal or vertical frame of any size with airlock frame blocks, and then replace one block with an airlock controller.
Airlock frame (ID 1107)
Airlock controller (ID 1107:1)
The gateway consumes no power and can be configured to let only you through.
It looks like a small station with a placeholder and a lock ...
GOEEEE!!!
Get into the rocket and press the space bar. The rocket will take off, and in flight you can control it. The missile's inventory and amount of fuel can be viewed by pressing F. Once the missile reaches a height of 1100 blocks, the destination menu will open. We choose the moon. Immediately hold the space bar to slow down the fall. Once on the surface, break the descent module and pick up the dropped rocket and launch pad. Oxygen cylinders last for 13-40 minutes, depending on their size. Yes, if you ended up on the moon at night, then you will have to fight mobs in spacesuits.
was with you
