How do you imagine Prince Vereisky? What makes him related to Troekurov and what is their difference?
Prince Vereisky is a man of fifty, but seems "much older". Pushkin writes:
“Excesses of every kind exhausted his health and put their indelible mark on him. Despite the fact that his appearance was pleasant, remarkable, and the habit of always being in society gave him a certain courtesy, especially with women. He had an incessant need for distraction and was incessantly bored.
The prince was an empty man. He spent his whole life abroad, lived on the money that the clerk from the estate sent him, and for the first time came to look at this estate at the age of fifty. In this he differs from his neighbor: Kirila Petrovich Troekurov lived on his estate and managed the household himself. But Troekurov also exhausted himself with all sorts of excesses: remember that he was tipsy every evening and suffered from gluttony twice a week.
The two neighbors are also related by the fact that each of them cared only about his own well-being and believed that all the others were created to serve them and give pleasure.
How did Kirila Petrovich treat his daughter and how did he dispose of her fate?
Kirila Petrovich treated his daughter as property and, without her consent, decided to marry Marya Kirilovna to the prince, who was much older than her. Masha's emotional experiences were an unfortunate misunderstanding for him. He considered only the question of dowry to be a matter.
To illustrate the conversation between Marya Kirilovna and her father, the teacher can use a reproduction of F. S. Zhuravlev's painting "Before the Crown", stored in the State Tretyakov Gallery. The painting depicts a young girl in a wedding dress decorated with flowers. She kneels before her father, covering her face with her hands. Her father apparently informs her that his decision is final.
Retell the episode with the ring.
How did Mitya and Sasha behave during the interrogation?
Mitya and Sasha behaved differently during the interrogation. When Sasha let it slip, Kirila Petrovich realized that Marya Kirilovna was involved in the case, and began to threaten Sasha that he would flog him with rods. Sasha was frightened and gradually, word for word, told about the request of his sister.
When Troekurov's attention turned to Mitya, he replied that he was "a yard man of the Dubrovskys." It was a very bold answer, because after the court decision, Dubrovsky's serfs belonged to Troekurov. To Troekurov's next question, the boy answered "with great indifference" that he "stole raspberries." Mitya didn't say another word after that. He took on the "look of a real fool" and did not respond to Troekurov's threats.
Troekurov and the police officer released Mitya to track down where he would run: "He will help us catch the ataman himself." The consequence of this was that the bandit camp was discovered and the soldiers attacked it.
After Dubrovsky confessed his love to Marya Kirilovna, she promised to call Dubrovsky for help if necessary. However, she herself, in desperation, told her father that she could resort to the intercession of Dubrovsky. The father did everything possible to prevent this from happening. Marya Kirilovna could not leave the house to warn Dubrovsky, she could not put the ring in the hollow of the oak in time. Marya Kirilovna did not dare to tell her father in time that she did not want to marry Vereisky, did not dare to say "no" in church. She waited for a mysterious romantic deliverer, having done nothing for her own deliverance. When Dubrovsky and his people stopped the carriage, she reproached him for not coming on time, and said: “I agreed, I took an oath ...”
Maria Kirilovna refused Dubrovsky's help because she was married and could no longer act according to her will. Marya Kirilovna became a princess and a rich woman. Only after the death of her old husband would she gain independence.
If possible, the teacher will show the students a reproduction of the painting by V. V. Pukirev “Unequal Marriage”. The social types of this picture are somewhat different from those of Pushkin: a wealthy official cynically buys himself a young wife, a dowry bride; but the lack of rights of women of that time in Russia remains unchanged.
Consider the illustration by E. E. Lansere (p. 140, part 1 of the textbook). What phrase from the novel "Dubrovsky" could be called her? Describe what you see in this illustration.
II. The fate of Dubrovsky
Chapter XIX
Read aloud Chapter XIX. Then we work on the textbook questions for the chapter.
A. S. Pushkin calls the peasants of Dubrovsky robbers, but he himself refutes this statement, describing their way of life. So, the sentry "inserted a patch into some part of his clothes, owning a needle with art that reveals an experienced tailor." After dinner, the robbers got up and prayed to God, then some scattered through the forest, while others lay down to take a nap, “according to the Russian custom,” as the peasants do.
The guard behaves not like a robber, accustomed to constant danger, but like a person who plays robber. He admires the patch and, sitting astride a cannon, sings a sad song at the top of his voice. A person who feels sadness and sadness will not sing at the top of their lungs. He will sing softly, thoughtfully. Moreover, a person standing on guard will not sing, because he must listen to see if there is an enemy somewhere. And of course, real robbers will not leave the door of the hut "an old woman in a white cap, neatly and primly dressed."
Why do you think Vladimir Dubrovsky left his peasants?
Dubrovsky left his peasants for several reasons. Firstly, he understood that after the soldiers stormed his fortress, the government would send larger forces to eliminate the robber nest, and he would no longer be able to hold out with his peasant robbers. Secondly, he already had enough money to provide himself with a life abroad (in Russia he would no longer be able to live under his own name) and provide money for his peasants. Thirdly, the main reason why Dubrovsky still remained in the Kistenevskaya grove disappeared: Marya Kirilovna became Princess Vereiskaya and refused his help.
III. Final conversation
Let's summarize the study of the novel. The first question is focused on students' understanding of the social problems of the novel.
Why did Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky lose the lawsuit with Kirila Petrovich Troekurov?
Dubrovsky lost the lawsuit with Troekurov, because his documents were burned, and Troekurov bribed judges and officials. Obsequious Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn gave false evidence in favor of Troekurov, and the judges proved that money is the real law for them.
Do you think that the story of Dubrovsky's love for Marya Kirilovna could have a happy ending?
The young Dubrovsky did not have the means and connections to turn to the tsar for help, as he had promised his peasants. With his robbery attacks, he made himself an outlaw.
The history of his relationship with Marya Kirilovna could not have a happy ending. Even if he had managed in time and had not allowed the marriage to take place, what could he have offered Marya Kirilovna in return? The fate of the wife of a robber, forced to flee abroad, hide her real name all her life and not be able to come home.
Even if Dubrovsky had killed Prince Vereisky, Troekurov would have given his daughter in marriage to another person or imprisoned her in a monastery.
Dubrovsky managed to do the most important thing: among the troubles that he had to endure, he remained a man of honor and did not violate the word given to Marya Kirilovna that "not a single creature connected with you by ties of blood is subject to my curse."
How would you formulate the main idea of the work?
main idea this work is difficult to formulate unambiguously. It can be expressed this way: noble and honest people hate cringing, dishonor, the omnipotence of money, they cannot reconcile themselves with the fact that even the decision of judges can be bought.
IV. Novel
Let's tell the students that in the next lesson they will finish the study of the first novel, which is included in school curriculum. Let's read the definition of the novel in the textbook (p. 150) and write it out in our notebook.
* Novel - great narrative work, characterized by diversity actors and plot twist.
Indeed, the novel "Dubrovsky" depicts nobles - rich and poor, officials - judges, police officer and stationmaster, peasants - courtyards, a blacksmith, a coachman, a nanny and others. The novel shows two generations of the life of noble (Troekurov, Dubrovsky) and peasant families (Orina Buzyreva and Grishka), describes various significant events in a person's life - wedding, death; There is a love story and a detective story. The novel raises an important problem: how can a person live in a world where injustice and lawlessness reign?
Prepare for a presentation with elements of reasoning on the topic “What circumstances forced Dubrovsky to become a robber?”.
Lesson 27
Statement with elements of reasoning: “What circumstances forced Dubrovsky to become a robber?”
Speech development lesson
I. Preparing for presentation
Together with the students, we will make a presentation plan.
Plan option
1. Vladimir Dubrovsky in St. Petersburg.
2. Letter from Orina Egorovna to Vladimir Dubrovsky.
3. Arrival of Vladimir in Kistenevka.
4. What did Vladimir learn from his father's documents and the stories of the peasants?
5. Death of the father.
6. Dubrovsky becomes a robber.
The retelling should be very short. You should not get carried away with the presentation of details and conversations. At the end of the presentation, a conclusion must be drawn.
II. Statement
Additional material"The Style of Pushkin's Prose" (see Appendix).
Prosper Merimee*
1 hour
Lesson 28
Prosper Merimee. "Matteo Falcone": the time of the creation of the novel.
Similar information.
In this article we will describe the key episodes of "Dubrovsky" - a work created by Pushkin. Let's start by introducing the main characters.
Troekurov and Dubrovsky
Troekurov Kirila Petrovich lives in the Pokrovskoye estate. This is a noble and rich gentleman. All the neighbors are afraid of him, knowing the tough temper of this man, only Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a poor landowner, a retired lieutenant of the guard and a former colleague of Kiril Petrovich, is not afraid of him. Both of them are widows. Dubrovsky has a son, Vladimir, who serves in St. Petersburg, and Troekurov has a daughter, Masha, who lives with her father. Often Troekurov says that he would like to marry children.
Friends quarrel
The key episodes of "Dubrovsky" open with discord among friends. Their unexpected quarrel quarrels, and the independent and proud behavior of the protagonist further alienates each other. The all-powerful and autocratic Troekurov decides to vent his irritation by plotting to take away the estate from Dubrovsky. He orders Shabashkin, the assessor, to find a "legal" way for this. He grants the wish, and now Dubrovsky is finally called to solve this case. These events are described in the work "Dubrovsky" episode in court.
In the presence of the parties at the hearing, a decision is read, which is executed by many legal incidents. According to him, the Kistenevka estate, owned by Dubrovsky, passes into the possession of Troekurov. The former owner has a fit of insanity.
Dubrovsky is dying
The health of the elder Dubrovsky is deteriorating, and the old woman Yegorovna, who followed him, writes a letter to the son of the landowner in St. Petersburg, notifying him of what had happened. Vladimir goes home, having received leave. The driver tells the young man about the circumstances of the case. At home, he finds a decrepit sick father.
Key episodes of "Dubrovsky" ahead. And the story continues with the fact that Andrei Gavrilovich is slowly dying. Troekurov, tormented by his conscience, sets out to make peace. At the sight of a guest, an ailing landowner breaks paralysis. The patient's son tells him to tell his neighbor to get out of their house, and at the same time Dubrovsky Sr. dies.
After his funeral, the police chief and judicial officials come to Kistenevka to bring Troekurov into possession. The peasants refuse to obey him, they want to deal with the officials. Vladimir Dubrovsky stops them.
Dubrovsky sets fire to the house
In his house at night, he finds Arkhip, a blacksmith, who decided to kill the clerks, and Dubrovsky manages to dissuade him from this matter. Vladimir decides to leave his estate and also orders people to be taken out to burn down the house. He sends Arkhip to unlock the doors so that officials can leave the house, but he violates the order and locks them. Dubrovsky sets fire to the house and leaves the yard, and in the resulting fire, the clerks die.
News of the robbers
Suspicion falls on the protagonist in the murder of officials and arson of the house. Troyekurov starts a new business by sending a report to the governor. But here another event distracts everyone's attention from Dubrovsky: robbers appeared in the province. They rob all the landowners, and only do not touch Troekurov's possessions. Everyone believes that Dubrovsky is the leader.
Deforge
For Sasha, his illegitimate son, Troekurov from Moscow discharges Monsieur Deforge, a French teacher, who is greatly impressed by the beauty of Marya Kirilovna, his seventeen-year-old daughter. But the girl on the hired teacher does not put Deforge to the test by pushing him into the room along with a hungry bear (this is a common joke in the treatment of guests in the Troekurov family). The teacher kills the beast. Masha is strongly impressed by his courage and determination. She becomes close to the teacher, and this closeness develops into love.
Celebration in Troyekurov's house
Key episodes "Dubrovsky" continues the holiday in Troekurov's house. Guests come here. At dinner, they talk about Dubrovsky. Spitsyn Anton Pafnutich, a landowner, one of the guests, admits that he gave false testimony in court at one time in favor of Kirilla Petrovich against Dubrovsky. One lady reports that main character dined with her a week ago, and says that the clerk, sent with money and a letter for his son, returned and said that Dubrovsky had robbed him. However, he was caught in a lie by a former colleague of the late husband, who came to visit. The clerk says that, indeed, Dubrovsky stopped him on the way to the post office, but did not rob him, having read his mother's letter. The clerk found money in the chest. The lady believes that the person who pretended to be a friend of her husband was Dubrovsky himself. However, according to her descriptions, she had a man about 35 years old, while Troekurov, meanwhile, knows for sure that the main character was 23 years old. This fact the new police officer, who is dining with him, also confirms.
This holiday ends with a ball. Anton Pafnutich decides to spend the night with Deforge in the same room, because he knows about his courage and hopes that he will protect him in the event of an attack by robbers. However, at night he robs him and tells him that he is Dubrovsky. He met a Frenchman who was going to Troyekurov, gave him money, in return he received the teacher's papers. So Dubrovsky settled in Troekurov's house.
Dubrovsky's date with Masha
Key episodes in the novel "Dubrovsky" continue with a date between the main character and Masha. Spitsyn leaves the house in the morning without mentioning the incident. Marya Kirilovna falls in love with Deforge. One day he asks for a date. Masha appears at the appointed time, and he announces his imminent departure, revealing who he is. Dubrovsky says that he has forgiven the girl's father.
Masha, returning to the house, finds the alarm here, and Troekurov tells her that Deforge is Dubrovsky.
The episode with the ring
The next summer, Prince Vereisky returns to his estate. He strikes Masha with beauty, but the girl does not want to marry him, thinking about the main character. We continue to describe the key episodes in the novel "Dubrovsky". The lovers meet at night, they agree that Masha will not marry Vereisky. Dubrovsky gives her a ring in parting, saying that in case of trouble it will be necessary to lower it into the hollow of a tree, and the girl will know what to do.
On the eve of the wedding, Masha writes a letter to Vereisky, begging him to abandon her. But Kirilla Petrovich, having learned about the letter, appoints a wedding for another, orders the girl to be locked up. Sasha comes to her aid, carries the ring into the hollow. But the ragged boy, at his sight, tries to take possession of the decoration. The gardener helps. On the way back, he meets Troekurov, who, under threat, forces Sasha to tell about the assignment. He locks the boy, but soon he manages to get into Kistenevka.
Masha's wedding
Let's note another important episode from "Dubrovsky" - the wedding. The young people go to Arbatovo, but suddenly the carriage is surrounded on the road, and a man in a half-mask opens the doors. The prince hurts him. They grab him and want to kill him, but Dubrovsky tells him not to touch him. The young man loses consciousness.
Dubrovsky is hiding in the forest with a gang of robbers. One day soldiers come, but the robbers defeat them. After that, Dubrovsky talks about his decision to leave the gang. He disappears. According to rumors, it is located somewhere abroad.
Chapter I
The rich and noble retired General Kirila Petrovich Troekurov lives in his Pokrovskoye estate. He is a strong and energetic man, but uneducated and tyrant. Troekurov has great connections, neighbors and provincial officials curry favor with him.
Festivities do not stop in Pokrovsky, friends and acquaintances of the landowner are constantly visiting. Troekurov loves hunting and practical jokes, and not always harmless ones. Only person, to whom he respects, is his neighbor, retired lieutenant Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. He is poor, owns the small village of Kistenevka.
Once Dubrovsky and Troekurov served together. Both were widowed early. Andrei Gavrilovich's son Vladimir serves in St. Petersburg, and Troekurov's daughter Masha lives with her father in Pokrovsky.
Kirila Petrovich shows off his kennel to the guests. Five hundred dogs live here in warmth and contentment. All the guests are delighted, only Dubrovsky frowns. He notices that dogs live better here than people. One of the kennel boldly replies to the landowner that even some gentlemen would be better off exchanging their poor little house for the local kennel. Troyekurov was greatly amused by this trick.
In the morning, Kirila Petrovich receives a letter from Andrei Gavrilovich, in which he demands that the impudent dog keeper be handed over in order to punish him at his own discretion. Troekurov is angry at this proposal: only he is free to punish his people. Since then, hostility has flared up between the neighbors.
Soon, Dubrovsky catches Troekurov's men "on the hot" who are cutting wood on his land. Andrey Gavrilovich orders to flog violators. Kirila Petrovich is furious and wants revenge.
Just at that time, assessor Shabashkin called in at Pokrovskoye. Troekurov instructs him to take Kistenevka from Dubrovsky for a generous reward. Shabashkin starts a lawsuit. Soon Andrei Gavrilovich receives a subpoena and goes to the city.
Chapter II
Kirila Petrovich is also on trial. The village of Kistenevka, according to his statement, was acquired by Troekurov's father, as evidenced by the bill of sale. Kirila Petrovich demands that the village be returned to him. According to Dubrovsky's statement, Kistenevka was bought by his father from Troekurov's father 70 years ago, but the bill of sale burned down during a fire. There is only a power of attorney for the purchase and many witnesses that the village has long been in the possession of his family.
The court decides that the power of attorney has long since expired, and Kistenevka now belongs to Troekurov. But Dubrovsky suddenly starts shouting that dogs have been brought into the church and throws an inkwell at the assessor. His mind is clouded by nervous tension. Troyekurov's triumph is ruined. Andrei Gavrilovich is taken to Kistenevka, which no longer belongs to him.
Chapter III
Dubrovsky was greatly weakened and unable to conduct business. Nyanka Yegorovna writes about this to his son in St. Petersburg.
Vladimir Dubrovsky was sent to the Cadet Corps at the age of eight, and then joined the Guards infantry regiment. He led a merry and extravagant life, as befits a brilliant young officer. Vladimir did not even suspect that his father was sending him almost the last money.
The letter upsets Vladimir very much. Three days later, having received leave, he goes to Kistenevka with his servant Grisha. In his native home, he sees poverty and desolation. The old man is very bad and can hardly stand on his feet.
Chapter IV
Vladimir is trying to figure out all the nuances of the lawsuit, but among his father's documents he does not find papers that would shed light on the state of affairs. He doesn't know to appeal. The deadline for its submission expires, and Shabashkin congratulates Troekurov on his case. But the landowner is still tormented by his conscience. He decides to make peace with his neighbor and return Kistenevka to him. With this noble intention, Troekurov goes to Dubrovsky.
Andrei Gavrilovich is sitting near the window and sees his enemy entering the yard. Dubrovsky's face changes terribly, he cannot utter a word, only grunts, and then falls. Frightened Vladimir rushes to his father. At this time, a servant enters and announces that Troekurov has arrived. Dubrovsky Jr. tells him to tell him to get out, and sends servants for a doctor. The footman conveys to the haughty master the words of the young master. Kirila Petrovich leaves Kistenevka in a rage.
Soon, young Dubrovsky comes out onto the porch and announces that the doctor will no longer be needed. The old man is dead.
Chapter V
At the funeral of Andrei Gavrilovich, all the peasants cry. After the memorial dinner, the judges arrive, and Shabashkin gives orders on behalf of Troekurov. The peasants grumble. They do not want to have Troekurov as their master, they have heard how badly he treats the serfs.
Vladimir tries to persuade the impudent Shabashkin. To this he is answered that Dubrovsky is now "no one" here and should not interfere in business. The peasants show more and more dissatisfaction and, finally, rush at the judges with the intention of tying them up.
The frightened Shabashkin hides in the house with his assistants. Vladimir asks the peasants to disperse, and they obey Dubrovsky. The judges, trembling with fear, stay overnight. They are afraid to go: what if the peasants attack them? Vladimir leaves them in the living room and locks himself in his father's study.
Chapter VI
Young Dubrovsky sorts out documents and bitterly thinks that the enemy will get his parents' house. Shabashkin, Troyekurov's lackey, will be the host in his rooms, and the parents' things will be thrown into the trash. Dubrovsky decides that he will not leave the house to Troekurov.
Drunken judges are sleeping in the living room. Vladimir tells the servants to take everyone out of the house, except for uninvited guests. Then he instructs the blacksmith Arkhip to check if the door to the living room is closed. Dubrovsky does not want officials to suffer. The blacksmith sees open door and deliberately locks it up.
Vladimir sets fire to the house and immediately leaves Kistenevka. The judges are trying to escape from the trap, but their efforts are in vain. No one is in a hurry to help them. At the same time, Arkhip, risking his life, saves a cat from a burning house. The fire spreads to the houses of the peasants. Soon only ashes remain from Kistenevka.
Chapter VII
The news of the fire quickly spreads around the county. There are various rumors. Troekurov intends to conduct the investigation himself. It turns out that four judges burned down, and the young Dubrovsky, the nurse Egorovna, the servant Grishka, the blacksmith Arkhip and the coachman Anton disappeared without a trace.
Soon new rumors are spreading. Robbery raids began in the vicinity. Robbers appear in fast threes, attack officials and landlords, and burn down estates. These outrages are attributed to Dubrovsky and his people.
The robbers do not touch only Troekurov's property. Kirila Petrovich attributes this to the "universal" fear that he inspires.
Chapter VIII
Troekurov loves his seventeen-year-old daughter Masha very much. By virtue of his character, he spoils her immensely, and sometimes severely punishes her. Therefore, Masha used to hide her thoughts and feelings from her father. Ten-year-old Sasha, the son of Troekurov from a former governess, is also brought up in Pokrovsky.
For the boy, Kirila Petrovich writes out a French tutor, Monsieur Deforge, who does not understand a word of Russian. Masha becomes his translator.
Troekurov loves to tease guests. His favorite joke is to put a man in the same room with a hungry bear, which was tied so that the beast could not reach only one corner. A few hours later, the frightened guest was released.
Troyekurov decides to play the same joke on the Frenchman. The servants push Deforge into the room with the bear and lock the door. The beast roars and rises to its hind legs, but the Frenchman does not back down. He takes a small pistol out of his pocket, puts it in the bear's ear and shoots. Everyone in the house runs to the shot.
Troekurov looks in amazement at the cold-blooded Frenchman standing over the dead beast. After this incident, he treats Deforge with respect. Masha is no less impressed by the incident. She falls in love with a brave and proud tutor.
Volume two
Chapter IX
Troyekurov has a holiday, many guests are gathering. A latecomer enters - a local landowner Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn. He explains his delay by the fact that he was afraid to go through the Kistenevsky forest. Troekurov taunts the cowardly fat man Spitsyn, but Anton Pafnutich is sure that he fears the attack for good reason. After all, he testified in court against Father Dubrovsky.
The landowner Globova says that she sent money to her son with the clerk to the post office. On the way, he fell into the hands of Dubrovsky. The robber read the letter, returned the money and released it, and the clerk then appropriated all the cash. Bring out the liar on clean water helped one general who accidentally stopped by to visit.
Everyone is excited about the incident. The conversation turns to the bear, and Troekurov talks about the heroic deed of Deforge.
Chapter X
Around midnight, guests settle in for the night. Spitsyn is very excited. He is afraid for his considerable money, which is hidden on his chest under his shirt. Anton Pafnutich does not want to stay alone in the room and suggests spending the night with the Frenchman. Spitsyn was impressed by the story of the killed bear, he is sure that he will be calmer with a brave teacher.
The tutor brings Spitsyn to his room, where they go to bed. Anton Pafnutich wakes up at night, someone removes the bag from his chest. Terrified, Spitsyn sees Deforge with a gun and wants to scream. But he warns him in Russian to be silent, otherwise he will die. “I am Dubrovsky,” Deforge says calmly.
Chapter XI
Describes an event that happened earlier. A poorly dressed foreigner sits in the inn and waits for the horses to be brought. A young officer drives up and demands a fresh troika. From the Frenchman, he learns that he is going to Troekurov's service. The officer offers a lot of money for the teacher's papers, and advises the Frenchman to return to Paris. The foreigner easily agrees.
So Vladimir Dubrovsky gets a job as a tutor in Troekurov's house. Once in the same room with his enemy at night, he cannot resist the temptation. Spitsyn loses his savings.
In the morning, Anton Pafnutich, pale and trembling with horror, appears in the living room, where Deforge is already sitting imperturbably. Silent from the inquiries of the owner, Spitsyn hurriedly leaves Pokrovsky.
Chapter XII
Masha comes to a music lesson given to her by Deforge. The Frenchman gives the girl a note in which he asks for a meeting in the evening.
Masha with trepidation comes on a date. She is in love, but understands that the French tutor is not a match for her. Unexpectedly, Deforge confesses that he is in fact Dubrovsky. Vladimir wanted to take revenge on Troekurov. He got close to him, planning an attack on the estate, but the meeting with Masha confused all plans. Vladimir fell in love with the girl and refused revenge. Her father and her home are now sacred to the robber. Dubrovsky says goodbye to Masha. He takes the word from the girl that she will turn to Vladimir for help if she is in trouble.
Masha returns to the house, where she discovers the police officer. He came to arrest Desforges. Troekurov is not happy. Kirila Petrovich does not believe Spitsyn's statement that the Frenchman is in fact Dubrovsky. Teachers are nowhere to be found. Finally, everyone understands that the tutor has disappeared.
Chapter XIII
Not far from Pokrovsky is the rich estate of Prince Vereisky. The fifty-year-old prince comes from abroad and comes to Troekurov's for dinner, where he meets Masha. The beauty of the girl makes a great impression on Vereisky. He takes word from Troekurov that Kirila Petrovich will come with Masha to visit him.
Two days later, the Troekurovs pay a return visit to the prince. The wealth and strict order in the possessions of Vereisky make a great impression on them. The prince turns out to be an interesting conversationalist and tries his best to please Masha. He even throws fireworks in her honor.
From that day on, neighbors begin to communicate often. Troekurov considers Vereisky his equal, and the girl is easy and fun with him.
Chapter XIV
Masha is embroidering by the window. Suddenly, someone drops a letter on her hoop. At that moment, a servant enters and announces that Masha is being called by her father. Having hidden the letter, the girl hurries to the parent's office. Prince Vereisky is already sitting there. Troyekurov announces that he has proposed to Masha.
The girl is in shock, she cannot utter a word, only bursts into tears. She does not want to become the wife of the old prince at all. The dissatisfied father sends his daughter back to discuss the size of the dowry with Vereisky. Masha rushes to her room in despair. Suddenly she remembers the letter. In it, Dubrovsky makes an appointment with the girl in the garden.
Chapter XV
At the appointed time, Masha runs out into the garden, where Vladimir is already waiting for her. He knows about the matchmaking of the prince and offers to get rid of him. Masha demands that Vladimir not touch Vereisky, she will not marry the prince anyway. Masha hopes to persuade her father to abandon this marriage.
Dubrovsky strongly doubts that Troekurov will heed his daughter's pleas. He gives Masha a ring. If her father refuses, the girl needs to put the ring in the hollow of the oak, and then Vladimir will come for her. Masha promises: if the wedding with the prince becomes inevitable, she will call Dubrovsky for help.
Chapter XVI
Preparations for the wedding are going on in the house, and Masha cannot decide to talk to her father. She writes a letter to the prince asking him to give her up and not make her unhappy. Vereisky shows the letter to Troekurov. Kirila Petrovich is very angry, but the prince persuades him not to punish Masha, but only to speed up the preparations for the wedding.
Troekurov comes to his daughter and says that the celebration will be in a day. Masha falls at her father's feet and begs not to destroy her, but Kirila Petrovich does not even want to listen to her daughter. Then the girl reports that she has a defender - Dubrovsky. Enraged, Troekurov locks his daughter in a room and promises that she will not leave until the wedding.
Chapter XVII
Masha is in a desperate situation. She cannot go out into the garden to put the ring in the hollow. But then Sasha comes to the rescue, throwing a pebble through the window. The girl asks her brother to take the ring to the hollow.
Sasha is in a hurry to complete the task. But some red-haired boy snatches the ring from his hands. The guys fight for a long time, the gardener appears and separates the opponents. Unexpectedly, Troekurov himself is at the scene of the fight.
Kirila Petrovich threatens Sasha with a flogging, and the boy is forced to tell everything. The redhead's ring is not found. It turns out that this is the yard boy Dubrovsky. Troekurov orders to lock him up.
Kirila Petrovich and the police chief come up with a cunning plan: they will let the redhead go and follow him. The boy himself will lead them to Dubrovsky. Freed, the redhead runs into the Kistenevsky forest. At the edge of the forest, the boy whistles, he is answered with a similar whistle.
Chapter XVIII
Pale half-dead Masha sits in her room in front of a mirror. The maids are bustling around. The girl is dressed up to the crown. Troyekurov enters. Masha with sobs falls at her father's feet, but he blesses her for marriage to the prince. The girl is picked up and practically carried into the carriage.
The prince is already in the church. Masha waits until the last minute for Dubrovsky, who is supposed to release her, but Vladimir is not there. The priest asks Masha if she agrees to become Vereisky's wife? The girl is silent, but the minister of the church, not paying attention to this, continues the ceremony.
Once a rich landowner, whose name was Kirill Petrovich Troekurov, lived on his estate. They try to flatter him and please him in every possible way. And that's why they're a little afraid of him. He had a neighbor whose name was Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. They served together, and after the service were friends. Their wives were gone, and they had children. Troyekurov has a daughter, Masha, and Dubrovsky has a son, Vladimir. Of the majority of people, Troekurov mostly respected only Dubrovsky.
Once Troekurov arranged a dinner where he invited many guests, including Dubrovsky.
After the meal, he began to show his kennel. And Dubrovsky inadvertently said that Troekurov's dogs feel better and live better than the master's servants. To which one of the kennel says in resentment to Dubrovsky, “It would be nice for a different gentleman to exchange the estate for a dog kennel at Troekurov’s.” Dubrovsky was offended by the words of the servant Troekurov, and the first one went home. Arriving home, he began to write a letter to his comrade Troekurov, in which he asked to fire the dog keeper for rudeness. However, despite the friendship, it seemed to Troekurov that this letter was written very boldly. And at this moment, Dubrovsky learns that Troekurov is stealing wood from the territory of the estate of Andrei Gavrilovich. And he orders to catch the thieves and take away the horse. Troekurov finds out about these plans and becomes furious. And thinks only of revenge. And he decides to take away Dubrovsky's estate, which is called Kistenevka. He joins forces with assessor Shabashkin, declares his alleged rights to Kistenevka.
After a while passes trial in a property rights case. And this process ended not in favor of Dubrovsky. All due to the fact that his documents on property rights burned down. And to everything else, a certain gentleman named Anton Pafnutevich Spitsyn said under oath that Dubrovsky had an estate on illegal rights. By decision of the court, Troekurov signs documents for the ownership of Kistenovka. And Dubrovsky falls into madness and is taken home. After all this, Dubrovsky felt very bad.
Nanny Egorovna sends a letter to the son of Andrei Gavrilovich, a graduate cadet corps Vladimir. He arrives, the coachman Anton meets him and convinces the young master that all the servants want to work for Dubrovsky, and not for Troekurov.
Vladimir enters his father's room and sees that his father is very ill. Andrei Gavrilovich was severely ill, and because of this, he could not explain all the circumstances of the case to his son. For this reason, the time limit for filing an appeal has expired. Kistenevka completely passes into the hands of Troekurov. But he, despite his character, regrets. He understands that, having acquired the estate, he has lost a true friend. Yes, and he acted in a completely unhuman way. He is tormented by his conscience for Dubrovsky's poor health, and then he decides to go to him to apologize and give Kistenevka back.
When he arrived, Dubrovsky saw him through the window and, not knowing about Troekurov's good intentions, he becomes very nervous and paralyzes him. Vladimir drives Troekurov away without understanding anything. And after the strongest shocks, Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky dies.
After the funeral of the master, Shabashkin and the rest of the officials are sent to Kistenevka to sign documents on the transfer of ownership. However, all the servants begin to rebel, and are strongly opposed to the new masters. But Vladimir, taking his will into a fist, finds words to calm the peasants, and allows the officials to stay for the night. Vladimir had a plan for this. He told the blacksmith Arkhip to set fire to the house at night. Since he really did not want the place in which all childhood remained young man passed into the hands of the murderer of his father. However, he told Arkhip to open the windows and doors to avoid death. But Arkhip specifically did not. He closed everything and the officials died. Only Arkhip saved the cat.
And, of course, after that, an investigation of the fire begins, led by Troekurov. Everyone decides that the blacksmith Arkhip is to blame for the fire, but not without the participation of Vladimir. And by coincidence, a gang of robbers appears in the vicinity, who set fire to, and before that, robbed houses. And everyone thinks that these bandits are the peasants of Dubrovsky, headed by Vladimir. However, the robbers do not touch Troyekurov's house.
Further, Pushkin describes a little Masha and her childhood. She grew up surrounded by romance, music and loneliness. She had a brother Sasha, whose father was Troekurov, and whose mother was a governess. Troekurov wanted to give a good upbringing and education to his son and therefore hired a teacher Deforge for him. Which wins the heart of the girl Masha, and this teacher began to teach Masha music. However, Troekurova once wanted to play a joke on Deforge and locked him in the room where the bear was. But the teacher was brave and simply killed the animal.
Temple feast, which is celebrated at Troekurov's house. Everyone is discussing the robbers, led by Vladimir Dubrovsky. And the perjurer Anton Pafnutevich Spitsyn says that he is afraid of robbers, since he has a lot of money hidden. To which one landowner Anna Savishna claims that Dubrovsky is a noble thief, since after he learned about the transfer of money to the woman’s son in the guard, he did not touch her. In the conversation they threatened to catch Dubrovsky. And Troekurov himself said that he was not afraid of robbers and cited a teacher and a bear as an example. However, Troekurov's words do not calm Spitsyn, he is still afraid of the loss of money. And so he asks Troekurov that the teacher of his children, Deforge, spend the night in Spitsyn's room. The teacher agrees. However, it later turns out that Deforge and Dubrovsky are one and the same person. Dubrovsky takes money from Spitsyn and threatens him if he decides to extradite him.
It turns out that once Dubrovsky met Deforge at one of the stations and offered him 10 thousand for a letter of recommendation, he gladly agreed. And then Dubrovsky began working for Troekurov under the name Deforge. He was very loved in the house. Troyekurov for courage, Masha for attention, Sasha for indulgence and understanding, the rest for kindness and friendliness.
Then Dubrovsky sends a note to Masha, in which he asks for a meeting in the gazebo. She comes, and Vladimir, saying that he fell in love with a girl, confesses everything, but says that he needs to hide. However, he asks the girl to wait for him, promising that she will always be in his heart.
Next to Troyekurov comes the police officer, it's like a policeman. And he talks about the connection between Vladimir and Deforge, says that Spitsyn told this and asks Troekurov to give permission to detain the teacher, but there is no Deforge-Vladimir.
After a certain period of time, Prince Vereisky proposes to Troekurov's daughter Masha. And the master agrees, ordering his daughter, preparing for the wedding. Masha is sad. She writes a letter to Vladimir asking for a meeting. On this date, the girl tells everything to her lover, but he already knows everything. He offers her a way out of this situation, but Masha hopes that she will still be able to convince her father. The correspondence of these young people is conducted through the hollow of an oak tree. Vladimir gives her a ring and asks Masha to put the ring in this hollow in case of danger.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 1 - summary
The rich and distinguished landowner Kirila Petrovich Troekurov has a lot of weight in the province. All the neighbors tremble before this masterful and spoiled man. The only exception is the small estate nobleman Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. Kirila Petrovich respects Andrei Gavrilovich for his direct, impatient and decisive character, and even at one time says that he will give his daughter Masha for Dubrovsky's son Vladimir, who is being brought up in St. Petersburg.
Once, during a big hunt with the participation of many neighbors, Troyekurov proudly shows everyone his huge kennel, where the dogs live in luxurious kennels. Dubrovsky, walking along it, remarks: it would be good if the peasants of Troekurov lived like these dogs. Houndmaster Paramoshka remarks in response: even some poor nobleman would do well to exchange his estate for the local kennel.
Realizing that this is a mockery at his expense, Dubrovsky immediately leaves home and soon sends a letter to Troekurov demanding that Paramoshka be handed over to him for reprisal. Kirila Petrovich sees in such an encroachment on his people a terrible impudence. His former friendship with Dubrovsky ends. Troekurov sends his peasants to cut wood in the Dubrovsky grove. Andrei Gavrilovich catches two such thieves and flogs them with rods.
The enraged Troekurov conspires with the assessor Shabashkin, with the help of a lawsuit, to take away his village of Kistenevka and the peasants from Dubrovsky. Troekurov knows that the documents for Dubrovsky's right to own the village were burned down in a fire. Taking advantage of this, Shabashkin starts a case against Andrei Gavrilovich and calls him to court.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 2 - summary
In the presence of Troekurov and Dubrovsky, the clerk of the district court read out the decision, which declares that Dubrovsky's right to own Kistenevka is not confirmed by anything. The court therefore decides to give this village to Troekurov, from whose family it had first passed to the Dubrovskys. Andrey Gavrilovich is so shocked that his head begins to churn. He causes a scandal in court. Dubrovsky is hardly taken out of the meeting, the county doctor gives him some help.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 3 - summary
Dubrovsky returns home seriously ill. Nanny Yegorovna, seeing that the old man's affairs are bad, sends a written notice about this to his son, Vladimir, who serves in St. Petersburg in one of the guards regiments. The nanny also reports that the court gave Kistenevka to Troekurov.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 4 - summary
Troekurov, meanwhile, feels something like remorse for his act with Dubrovsky. Ordering to harness the droshky, he goes to Andrei Gavrilovich. Troyekurov thinks of making peace with him and refusing to encroach on his property.
Seeing Troekurov approaching from the window, Andrey Gavrilovich becomes very agitated. He is hit with. When the servant who entered announces the arrival of Kirila Petrovich, Vladimir Dubrovsky orders to tell him to get out. Troekurov leaves in a terrible rage. Immediately after this, Andrei Gavrilovich dies.
Film based on the story by A. S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky", 1936
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 5 - summary
In Kistenevka, the elder Dubrovsky is buried. At the end of them, Vladimir goes for a walk in the forest. Returning, he sees the assessor Shabashkin and the police officer at his house: they have come to execute the court sentence and take the village into the ownership of Troekurov. The peasants of the Dubrovskys grumble with hostility against the officials, they even threaten to attack them. Reprisal is prevented only by the imperious word of Vladimir.
Fearing to go back at night, the visitors ask Dubrovsky to let them spend the night in his house. Vladimir dryly allows.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 6 - summary
Walking around the house, Dubrovsky goes to the room where drunken clerks are sleeping, and meets the blacksmith Arkhip with an ax near it. Realizing that the peasants stand behind him with a mountain, Vladimir decides on a desperate act. He gathers several people, orders them to lock the clerks' room with a key, cover it with hay and set it on fire.
The flame quickly covers the entire house. Attempts of officials to get out are futile, they die in the fire. Dubrovsky, with several of the most courageous peasants, leaves on horseback for the forest.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 7 - summary
The news of the Kistenev fire is rattling throughout the neighborhood. A strong suspicion falls on the missing Dubrovsky. It soon becomes known that he led a band of robbers, which terrifies the entire district. Its participants and the ringleader himself, however, are distinguished by generosity, do not offend the weak, but mainly rob the landowners' houses. To everyone's surprise, the Dubrovsky gang does not touch Troekurov's possessions.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 8 - summary
Together with Troekurov live a 17-year-old daughter, Masha, a very beautiful and smart girl, as well as a son, Sasha, whom Kirila Petrovich, who is greedy for women, adopted with a car as a French governess. Grown up Sasha needs a tutor. A certain Frenchman Deforge, a foreigner who does not know Russian, is invited to this place.
Kirila Petrovich likes to indulge in rude fun: on his orders, the servants unexpectedly push one of the guests into the room, where a hungry bear, previously caught during a hunt, is sitting on a chain. The victim of this “joke” can find salvation from the beast only by hiding in a tight corner.
Troekurov is doing this fun with Deforge. But the Frenchman, not at all afraid, takes a small pistol out of his pocket and kills the bear. This case makes an impression on the whole house. Kirila Petrovich is imbued with respect for Deforge, and Masha begins to look at him like a woman.
A. S. Pushkin. "Dubrovsky". audiobook
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 9 - summary
Many guests come to the temple feast in the village of Troekurova. After the church service, a sumptuous feast begins. At the table, everyone vied with each other to talk about the new exploits of the Dubrovsky gang. The police officer present reads a list of his external signs, but it turns out to be so general and indefinite that Troekurov notices that even Deforge fits this description. Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn, a neighbor-landowner, who once, in order to please Troekurov, testified against Dubrovsky Sr. during a memorable trial, also comes to dinner.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 10 - summary
Fearing that Dubrovsky's son would visit him on the estate to settle accounts for his father, Anton Spitsyn now constantly carries all his money savings with him - in a leather bag tied under his shirt. He does not feel safe even at Troekurov's. When the guests, after the treat, begin to get ready for bed, Spitsyn asks to sleep in the same room with Deforge. Knowing how he treated the bear, Anton Pafnutich is sure that the Frenchman is a brave man and will not be at a loss even in the event of a night attack by robbers.
Spitsyn and the tutor fall asleep next to each other. In the morning, Anton Pafnutich suddenly wakes up, feeling that someone is taking a bag of money from his chest. Opening his eyes, he sees Deforge with a gun pointed at him. In pure Russian, the "Frenchman" orders him to be silent and says: "I am Dubrovsky."
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 11 - summary
In chapter 11, A. S. Pushkin explains how Dubrovsky managed to pass himself off as a Frenchman.
He met the real Desforges at a nearby post station, where he was waiting for a change of horses. Dubrovsky talked to him. He learned that Deforge (not a teacher by profession, but a confectioner) was going to the rich Troekurov, hoping to earn extra money from him. Dubrovsky offered to immediately give Deforge a much larger sum in exchange for his papers and a promise to return to Paris immediately. The French readily agreed. So Dubrovsky ended up under a false name on the estate of Kirila Petrovich.
The next day after the robbery of Spitsyn, the guests calmly dispersed from Troekurov. Silently, Anton Pafnutich, intimidated by Dubrovsky, left without saying anything.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 12 - summary
Strongly carried away by the bold Deforge, Masha Troekurova asks him to give her music lessons. During one of them, Desforge slips her a note with an invitation to a date in the evening to the gazebo by the stream.
Masha in the dark sneaks to the gazebo. "Deforge" confesses to her that he is in fact Dubrovsky. He says that, having organized his gang, the first thing he wanted to do was burn the Troekurov estate, but when he walked near the manor's house, outlining a plan, he saw her - and fell in love. It was for the sake of Masha that Dubrovsky spared Troekurov's possessions, it was for her sake that he entered into a deal with a Frenchman who happened to turn up. But now he learned that the robbed Spitsyn denounced him to the police. Dubrovsky can no longer stay with the Troekourovs. Leaving, Vladimir asks Masha to contact him in case she needs help.
Returning to the house, Masha sees her father and an armed police officer near him. They anxiously ask if she has seen Desforges. Troyekurov already knows that this is not a Frenchman, but Dubrovsky.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 13 - summary
Troekurov's estate is soon visited by a neighbor who has returned from abroad, Prince Vereisky. By nobility and wealth, he is not inferior to Kirila Petrovich himself. The prince is about fifty years old. In foreign lands, he drank both the foam and the sediment of all kinds of pleasures, and therefore seems older than his years. However, Vereisky cannot be denied intelligence and elegant secular manners.
Masha's beauty makes a strong impression on this old red tape. The prince invites Troekurov to pay a return visit to his Arbatovo estate. Reception in Arbatov surpasses all expectations in luxury. The prince tries to surprise Maria Kirillovna with his gallery of paintings and fine artistic taste. He arranges breakfast for her and her father in a gazebo on the shore of a wide lake and a brilliant boat trip around the islands.
Troekurov is delighted with the hospitality and wealth of the prince.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 14 - summary
Some time later, the father announces to Masha that Prince Vereisky offers her a hand and a heart. Masha does not want to marry a depraved old man, but her father is not interested in her consent.
On the same day, someone throws a note from Dubrovsky through the window to Masha. He invites her to an evening date to the gazebo.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 15 - summary
Dubrovsky is already aware of the prince's courtship. He offers to save Masha from the person she hates. Masha refuses, still hoping to persuade her father, but asks Dubrovsky to come to the rescue if she is forcibly taken down the aisle. Let Vladimir then save her, and she will become his wife.
Before parting, Dubrovsky puts a ring on Masha's finger, saying that if she needs help, she should put this ring in the hollow of an oak tree standing by the arbor.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 16 - summary
Masha writes a letter to Prince Vereisky, asking him to take back his matchmaking. But the prince does not think to retreat. He shows the machine letter to Troekurov. Kirila Petrovich now believes that the wedding should be played as soon as possible. He appoints her for the day after tomorrow. In desperation, Masha threatens to resort to Dubrovsky's help. Hearing these words, the father orders to lock her in one of the rooms and not let her out.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 17 - summary
Under the window, the younger brother Sasha comes to the prisoner Masha. Masha throws Dubrovsky's ring to him and asks him to take it to the hollow of the oak near the arbor. Sasha does just that. But when he wants to go back, a red-haired boy who has come from nowhere runs up to the hollow and takes the ring. Sasha does not know that this is Dubrovsky's messenger. He gets into a fight with the red-haired boy for the ring. The gardener Stepan comes running to help Sasha. Grabbing the redhead, he leads him to the manor's yard.
Troyekurov, who is standing there, asks about what happened and learns the story about the ring. He guesses: Masha gave them a conventional sign to Dubrovsky. The red-haired boy is released, but due to a delay in the manor's yard, he comes to Dubrovsky too late.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 18 - summary
Masha is dressed in a veil and taken to the church to be married to the prince. The priest performs a ceremony over them, and the wedding procession goes to the estate of Vereisky.
On the way, she is attacked by Dubrovsky with his people. The prince tries to fight back, but the robbers take away his weapons. Dubrovsky tells Masha that she is free, but the girl replies that it is too late now: she cannot neglect the already completed church rite. The robbers let go of the carriage and leave for the forest.
Pushkin "Dubrovsky", chapter 19 - summary
Dubrovsky and his people in their fortified forest lair learn about the approach of troops sent to capture them. Soldiers appear, rushing to storm the fortification. There is a real fight going on. Thanks to the courage of Dubrovsky, the robbers force the soldiers to retreat.
A few days after the battle, Dubrovsky gathers his people and invites them to disperse to different provinces. On the money stolen earlier, all of them will be able to live a century comfortably. Having finished his speech, Dubrovsky leaves with one of his accomplices in an unknown direction. Most of the others follow suit.
