In the poem "Not what you think, nature ..." the poet took up arms against those who do not believe in the spirituality of nature, that she has a soul, and in the poem "Smellingness is in the waves of the sea ..." claimed that it is internally harmonious and beautiful. But in both cases, nature contained a certain riddle, which Tyutchev offered to solve for himself and humanity. Now everything is different:

Nature is a sphinx. And the more she returns
With his temptation, he destroys a person,
What, perhaps, no from the century
There is no riddle, and there was none.

This poetic aphorism contains an opinion that is directly opposite to the previous poems. Man and nature are initially hostile, and it is not man who brings discord and disharmony into nature, but nature provokes man to look for non-existent secrets in it. She is likened to an evil mythical sphinx monster and is metaphorically endowed with a destructive instinct. However, unlike the mythical sphinx, which asked travelers a riddle, nature does not have such a riddle at all, and it, nature, is devoid of inner meaning and untenable. The idea of ​​the poem can be turned in a different direction: Tyutchev most likely wrote not about the “guilty” of nature, but about the weakness of human thought, since it is not nature that contains a riddle in itself and encourages a person to solve it, but the person himself attributed to nature a mystery unusual for her and tried in vain and trying to get into it. Man made his own "skill" an impulse of nature, her challenge, as if addressed to him, and began to respond to this challenge. Having come up with a non-existent riddle, a person, of course, cannot solve it and "the more ... rather ... destroys" himself. The situation looks doubly paradoxical, since the "skill" coming from man is comprehended by nature.

However, this poem is only one of the moments of the search for truth. According to other poems by Tyutchev, nature knows neither time nor space.

With particular force, this theme is deployed in the poem "From the life that raged here ..." (1871).

In the second half of August 1871, Tyutchev visited the village of Vshchizh, Bryansk district, Oryol province, which was once a specific principality. Ancient burial mounds have been preserved there - monuments of specific strife and battles. But now, during the arrival of Tyutchev, "from the life that raged here", "survived"

Two or three mounds, visible lift ...

This picture, sustained in the spirit of a historical elegy, leads the poet to philosophical reflection:

Nature does not know about the past,
Our ghostly years are alien to her ...

In addition to the fact that nature knows neither time nor space, it is also devoid of memory. In addition, man and nature have different life spans: nature is eternal and infinite, while an individual person is mortal and finite, and therefore “ghost years” are allotted to him. This experience gives rise to the poet's elegant metaphor: "And in front of her we are vaguely aware / of ourselves - only a dream of nature." A person can think of himself as separate from nature as much as he likes and even proudly oppose himself to it as a “thinking reed”, but he is “vaguely aware” of a truth that is sad for him, which moderates his claims. From the point of view of eternal nature, all wars, fights, battles, battles, all life and all “exploits” look “useless”, because, as before, nature is indifferent to human deeds, as before, despite any destruction, life triumphs and beauty.

Tyutchev unexpectedly drops the word "greets", which testifies not at all to the indifference of nature to man, as he just said, but to its ability to pacify passions, desires, impulses and restore the world order, which does not tolerate the isolation of the human person from the "common choir" , according to another poem by the poet.

The same theme is developed in a different way in other poems.

Spring, like other seasons, is immortal. Every time she “flies” to the earth at a conventional hour and, like the deities, is “blissfully indifferent”. Spring "does not know", "whether there was another before her", whether she was more beautiful or not. Nature itself cannot say about itself whether it is beautiful or ugly, harmonious or disharmonious. Nature cannot evaluate itself, because it is an element. It has a soul, a special language, but no consciousness. Reason, consciousness, reason are given to a person who has stood out from nature and has been given the opportunity to evaluate it not from within, but from the side, from the outside. Therefore, when a person dissolves in nature and merges with it, he loses the ability to evaluate nature from an aesthetic point of view. He becomes nature himself, just as blissfully indifferent as she is, and having lost knowledge of himself. But, isolated from nature, he acquires a consciousness that signals to him that there is discord between him and nature. He longs for harmony and thinks that, immersed in nature, he will achieve harmony. That is why he is so eager to connect with her. However, in this case, he must sacrifice his "human self", and then he will lose consciousness, reason and will not be able to feel or understand whether he has found harmony with nature, just as nature itself does not feel and understand this, which simply lives his blissfully indifferent life.

This is one of the tragic answers that Tyutchev's lyrics give to fundamental questions about the structure of being. Initially, all the fundamental principles of being, all its primary elements (for example, water and fire) were merged in nature. In the same way, man was merged with nature. This time of the creative-destructive domination of the elements was the era of syncretism, where everything existed in an undivided, connected form. In the process of cosmogonic evolution, out of chaos, the "life-giving ocean", order, the cosmos were formed, reason arose and its carrier - a person who left the elements, stood out from it, isolated himself from nature and, as it were, ceased to be a part of it. The original unity of the Universe, of all that exists (syncretism) was violated. The price for getting out of chaos, for space and reason was the disappearance of the unity of the Universe, retribution for the destroyed connection with nature - the longing for unity that haunts a person and the thirst for the destruction of one's "I" by returning to the maternal bosom of chaos.

The tragic guilt of man is aggravated by the fact that he began to proudly despise the chaos that gave birth to him and rose above nature, by the fact that he declared his "I" to be the highest reality of being. However, nature rejects the stupid and naive pride of man. Having fallen away from nature, a person is afraid of the storms that were once native to him, he is afraid of the “ancient”, “native” chaos, from where he came (“Day and Night”). His "daytime", "cultural" consciousness is either frightened by the elements, or, hearing the howling of the wind, guesses in them a "favorite story". And then his soul yearns for the whole, yearns for nature, suffering in orphan and hopeless loneliness and complaining about "day" existence as something illusory and false. However, Tyutchev is often sorry to part with the “human self”, with individuality and self-worth, and when crossing the border between “human” and “natural”, he experiences dramatic fluctuations. And this is understandable: a person is left with a small choice between limited and finite, narrow, familiar, familiar, specific "daytime", "cultural" personal consciousness and its eternal, grandiose, majestic "nightly" otherness - an all-consuming abyss, boundless, abstract and impersonal chaos. . Therefore, Tyutchev is attracted to borderline states - not day, not night, but hazy twilight. He has a secret hope to take a place between two worlds, on the border of day and night, to combine the incompatible:

O my prophetic soul!
O heart full of anxiety,
Oh how you beat on the threshold
As if a double existence!..

The soul is thought of as a "tenant" at once and at the same time of "two worlds", it is excited by both earthly "fatal passions" and heavenly paradise: it

Ready like Mary
To cling to the feet of Christ forever.

Although most of what Tyutchev wrote consists of poems dedicated to nature, Tyutchev has few poems that simply convey a concrete-sensual experience of nature. One of these purely landscape poems, which Leo Tolstoy loved very much, is “There is in the original autumn ...”. Tyutchev's eye is sharp-sighted to the details of the landscape and the mood born by the pictures of nature. He feels the charm of early autumn, when an immense expanse opens up. The field worker, having completed the "work", rests. The poet finds an expressive image - "Only cobwebs of thin hair / Shines on an idle furrow." The "resting field", before being covered with snow, is deservedly "rewarded" from above: "pure and warm azure pours on it."

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Nature is the Sphinx. And the more she returns
With his temptation, he destroys a person,
What, perhaps, no from the century
There is no riddle, and there was none.

Fedor Tyutchev is rightfully considered a master of short quatrains, which are endowed with a deep philosophical meaning. And this is not surprising, since the diplomatic service taught the poet to clearly articulate his thoughts, and natural observation provided extensive food for thought and conclusions, which formed the basis of many works. Moreover, the author himself admitted that they were born spontaneously. Tyutchev pondered some thought or idea, and the answer to the question posed was born in poetic form.

This is exactly what happened with the short quatrain “Nature is a sphinx. And the more true it is…”, the first line of which already contains an intriguing statement. Indeed, no one has yet been able to unravel the secrets of the universe, and Tyutchev was one of those who once tried to do this. The author knew firsthand that in the debate about how this world works, a huge number of copies were broken. Nevertheless, even the poets of the 19th century were conditionally divided into romantics and philosophers. The first described the beauty of nature and sincerely admired it. The second tried to find answers to their questions by trial and error. It is noteworthy that Tyutchev was both a romantic and a philosopher in his soul, which is clearly seen in his works. However, he considered it unacceptable for himself to spend rhymes on praising the world around him, trying not only to find the meaning of human earthly existence, but also to draw a parallel between various events and phenomena.

The poem “Nature is a sphinx. And so it is more true ... ”was written in 1869, when the poet was already in his seventies and was well aware that his life was nearing its logical conclusion. It was then that he gave up trying to comprehend the secrets of this world. But not because I lost faith in own forces or tired of looking for explanations for the inexplicable. The author considers nature itself to be the great temptress, who so deftly misled humanity that he has no choice but to admit his own defeat. Meanwhile, Tyutchev does not exclude such a possibility, "that, perhaps, there is no riddle from the century and she never had." It's just that people themselves wanted to believe in miracles and convinced themselves that they really exist. Meanwhile, the poet himself is convinced that any phenomenon has its own logical explanation, but the world is not yet ready to receive answers to its questions.

“Nature is a sphinx. And the more true it is ... "Fyodor Tyutchev

Nature - Sphinx. And the more she returns
With his temptation, he destroys a person,
What, perhaps, no from the century
There is no riddle, and there was none.

Analysis of Tyutchev's poem “Nature is a Sphinx. And the more she returns ... "

Fedor Tyutchev is rightfully considered a master of short quatrains, which are endowed with a deep philosophical meaning. And this is not surprising, since the diplomatic service taught the poet to clearly articulate his thoughts, and natural observation provided extensive food for thought and conclusions, which formed the basis of many works. Moreover, the author himself admitted that they were born spontaneously. Tyutchev pondered any thought or idea, and the answer to the question posed was born in poetic form.

This is exactly what happened with the short quatrain “Nature is a sphinx. And the more true it is…”, the first line of which already contains an intriguing statement. Indeed, no one has yet been able to unravel the secrets of the universe, and Tyutchev was one of those who once tried to do this. The author knew firsthand that in the debate about how this world works, a huge number of copies were broken. Nevertheless, even the poets of the 19th century were conditionally divided into romantics and philosophers. The first described the beauty of nature and sincerely admired it. The second tried to find answers to their questions by trial and error. It is noteworthy that Tyutchev was both a romantic and a philosopher in his soul, which is clearly seen in his works. However, he considered it unacceptable for himself to spend rhymes on praising the world around him, trying not only to find the meaning of human earthly existence, but also to draw a parallel between various events and phenomena.

The poem “Nature is a sphinx. And so it is more true ... ”was written in 1869, when the poet was already in his seventies and was well aware that his life was nearing its logical conclusion. It was then that he gave up trying to comprehend the secrets of this world. But not because he lost faith in his own abilities or was tired of looking for an explanation for the inexplicable. The author considers nature itself to be the great temptress, who so deftly misled humanity that he has no choice but to admit his own defeat. Meanwhile, Tyutchev does not exclude such a possibility, "that, perhaps, there is no riddle from the century and she never had." It's just that people themselves wanted to believe in miracles and convinced themselves that they really exist. Meanwhile, the poet himself is convinced that any phenomenon has its own logical explanation, but the world is not yet ready to receive answers to its questions.

You can read the verse "Nature-Sphinx ..." Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich on the website. The poem was created in the late period of the poet's work, in the summer of 1869 in family estate Tyutchevs - Ovstuge, and published in St. Petersburg in 1886.

Fedor Tyutchev, combining two talents - the art of diplomacy and poetic word, was able to express an idea concisely, vividly and figuratively in a short poetic form. Being under the influence of nature, to which the poet devoted all his work, Tyutchev reflects on natural natural phenomena from a philosophical position of understanding the universe. The work was written in 1869, when the poet was already at an advanced age. From the standpoint of the wisdom of the past years and his inherent philosophical mindset, he compares Nature with the ancient sphinx, which still amazes humanity with its grandiose power and continues to remain an unsolved mystery. Nature exists as a mysterious skill, a great miracle of the universe, worthy of sincere admiration and worship. However, it remains incomprehensible to a person and forces one to accept it as a given from above.

The text of Tyutchev's poem "Nature is the Sphinx ..." can be downloaded in full or taught online in a literature lesson in the classroom.

The poem "Nature is a Sphinx" was created by Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev in the Ovstug family estate in the last period of his work, in August 1869. It was first published in 1886 in St. Petersburg. The poem is remarkable for its striking brevity - only four lines, while carrying a clear and complete thought. Within the framework of a rhyming aphorism-quatrain, the poet puts the main philosophical problem about the meaning of life and the place of man in it. Rhyming in adjacent lines of the word "man" and "century", he emphasizes that this most important issue has worried mankind for centuries.

In an effort to unravel the mystery of the universe and look into the mysteries space life, Tyutchev with persistent constancy reflected on the eternal questions of being: what is the meaning of human life, what nature is fraught with, what place a person occupies in it. The "singer of nature" sought to understand her language, her soul, to comprehend her eternal mystery. As a result of the poet’s reflections, the poem “Nature is a Sphinx” was born, referring to philosophical lyrics.

Quatrain written iambic pentameter, two-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable. Tyutchev used in it an encompassing (encircling) rhyme.

Composition feature poems - its unexpected beginning with a strong short phrase with missing verb: "Nature is a Sphinx". The poet recognizes nature as a huge omnipotent living being, the incomprehensibility of which gives rise to fear in the human soul. Such an image is built thanks to one single word. "sphinx". Tyutchev compares nature with a mythological winged creature that asked travelers difficult riddles and killed them for wrong answers. Complements the image of a powerful force that decides the fate of man, the verb "destroys" in the second line.

The next lines are difficult sentence explaining the first idea. Nature is an eternal mystery for man, it both frightens and attracts him, tempting him with the opportunity to find meaning in his very existence and the thread that connects the finite existence of man and the eternal life of nature. Tyutchev makes a bold and confident assumption that nature has no mystery, just as there are no questions for man; calm and wise, like a sphinx, she lives her own life and does not need a person, his searches and throwings.

Such an innovative interpretation of the philosophical problem and the open ending of the poem give rise not only to anxiety and pessimism, but also to new questions, forcing us to rethink the natural world.

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