The duality of individual abilities Such individual characteristics as interests, inclinations are characterized by inconstancy, fluctuations, variability. Features such as traits associated with individual manifestations of basic properties nervous system it is practically impossible to change, but it is also impossible not to pay attention to them, because their influence is felt in activity, in behavior, in relationships with others.

The most studied properties of the NS are: strength-weakness (that is, the degree of endurance, performance of the nervous system, its resistance to various kinds of interference) mobility-inertia (that is, the speed of change and the speed of the processes of excitation and inhibition).

A person with a weak NS: most often calmly quiet, cautious, obedient. cannot participate in noisy, mobile activities for a long time, which is associated with his small reserve of strength, increased fatigue. often prone to accuracy, characterized by increased impressionability. In an unusual environment, with increased attention to him, he gets lost, does not find the right words, does not answer questions, does not fulfill the simplest requests. has increased sensitivity (it is particularly vulnerable, reacts painfully to criticism, dissatisfaction with others), often lacks self-confidence, they are characterized by fear of failure and fear of looking stupid, as a result of which it is much more difficult for them to move towards success.

Advantages of a weak NS: it has a much higher sensitivity compared to a strong NS; focused on high accuracy, thoroughness in the performance of activities, on stricter control over the quality of performance; are much better, more productive and less costly to cope with the monotonous monotonous work.

Professions that require special precision can be recommended, for example: Jeweler Cutter Dental technician Programmer Musician Artist People with weak NS have an advantage in mastering professions in which the main thing is relationships with other people, communication (that is, the type "person - person").

A person with a strong NS: most often cheerful, self-confident, not experiencing stress in learning, striking with the ease with which he masters significant material. full of energy, tireless, constantly ready for action. He is almost never tired, lethargic, relaxed. getting involved in the work, he almost does not experience difficulties; he does not care about additional loads, the transition to an unfamiliar new activity. is distinguished by the ability to use time efficiently, the ability to accomplish more in the same period of time than others, thanks to its endurance, the absence of stops and failures in work. has the ability to adequately respond to superstrong stimuli, even those of a frightening nature.

Advantages of a strong NS: persons with a strong NS in a non-standard, difficult situation (accidents, explosions, fires, natural disasters) are able to correctly assess the situation, maintain self-control, self-control, and find the best solution to normalize the state of emergency. in a difficult environment, it is easier for people with a strong NS to maintain self-control, they are able to make the right decision in conditions of lack of time, not to get confused

Professions that can lead to difficult situations can be recommended: Test pilots Cosmonauts Air traffic controllers Surgeons In a number of professions, people with a strong NS will be best able to ensure the trouble-free operation of the entire human-machine system.

However, it should be remembered: A radical restructuring of plans for the future is not always required: you can always choose another specialty in the same professional field. Even in the profession of a pilot there are jobs that do not impose too strict requirements on a person - this is an agricultural pilot, a helicopter pilot. In the profession of a doctor, people with a weak nervous system are contraindicated in such specializations as a resuscitator and surgeon. But they can be recommended specialties of a therapist, sanitary doctor, pharmacist, dentist.

The sanguine type of temperament is characterized by energy and great efficiency: he is suitable for work in which there is a lot of variety, which constantly sets new tasks for him, he is ready to act all the time and organize something, therefore leadership positions are suitable for him. Working, he can easily concentrate and so it is easy to switch from one job to another, but is not able to delve into the details and does not tolerate monotony.

The choleric person is characterized by irascibility and impetuosity: he performs work with great internal stress, very energetically, completely surrendering to his activity, distributes his huge energy unevenly, therefore cyclic activity is suitable for him, periodically requiring a large, but periodic expenditure of energy, associated with stress and danger, alternating with more relaxed work.

The phlegmatic is calm and balanced: he is a stubborn and diligent worker, but only in the area to which he is accustomed. work that is diverse is not suitable, but monotonous activities (for example, work on a conveyor) do not present difficulties for him. works slowly, but can achieve good results due to his firmness, perseverance and thoughtful organization of his work.

Melancholic is characterized by a low threshold of sensation and hypersensitivity to external stimuli, low efficiency, does not want to take on obligations, is afraid that he will not be able to fulfill them. prefers to work alone. Due to his high sensitivity, he easily captures and understands the subtleties in the behavior of people, the world around him, as well as in art, literature, music. A melancholic is suitable for work that requires attention, the ability to delve into and work out the smallest details. He is contraindicated in activities that require significant stress, significant stress, associated with surprises and complications.

Choleric type The actions of a choleric person are usually impulsive, he is characterized by increased excitability, great emotionality. Choleric temperament is manifested in initiative, vigor, activity. Since the need for communication is increased among choleric people, they often choose professions related to communication, the service sector, law, politics, and administration. And these are exactly the types of activities that require a person to be able to communicate effectively.

Sanguine type Sanguine quickly adapts to new conditions, converges with people, is sociable. A person with a predominance of a sanguine temperament is characterized by openness and accessibility. Sanguine temperament does not impose any restrictions on the choice of profession.

Phlegmatic type Phlegmatic rarely loses his temper, even and calm in communication. Usually this is a thoughtful, peaceful, diligent and measured person, but in some cases passivity, lethargy and indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will may appear. New forms of behavior are formed slowly, but are persistent. Phlegmatic people have a tendency to systematic work, the ability to concentrate on the task at hand, the necessary thoughtfulness. professional quality scientist, researcher.

Melancholic type Melancholic, as a rule, uncommunicative, anxious people. People with a melancholic type of temperament are distinguished by increased sensitivity, restraint and thoroughness. In a familiar and calm environment, people with this temperament work very productively.

Temperament type and outstanding historical figures sanguine choleric phlegmatic melancholic Napoleon Bonaparte A.I. Herzen A.V. Suvorov A.S. Pushkin Pavel I I.P. Pavlov M.I. Kutuzov I.A. Krylov N.V. Gogol P.I. Tchaikovsky Active, energetic, cheerful, frivolous, carefree Very energetic, quick-tempered, emotional assertive, sensitive Efficient, serious, reliable, calm Introverted, vulnerable, reserved, thoughtful, sad

Character is called individual combination sustainable mental characteristics a person that determines his typical way of behavior. Character is not acquired by inheritance, it is formed in the process of a person's whole life under the influence of training and education.

Preview:

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Types of the nervous system. temperament types. Character. Self-esteem.

The type of the nervous system is a set of properties of the nervous system that make up physiological basis individual originality of human activity and animal behavior.

Temperament is a personality trait that determines the activity and emotionality of a person's behavior.

Character (Greek χαρα κτηρ - sign, distinguishing feature, sign) - the structure of persistent, relatively constant mental properties that determine the characteristics of the relationship and behavior of the individual. When they talk about character, they usually mean by this just such a set of properties and qualities of a personality that impose a certain imprint on all its manifestations and deeds. Character traits are those essential properties of a person that determine a particular way of behavior, way of life.

Self-esteem is a person's idea of ​​the importance of his personal activities in society and the evaluation of himself and his own qualities and feelings, advantages and disadvantages, their expression openly or closedly.

What is a person born with, and what is formed during life? Types of the nervous system. temperament types. Character. Self-esteem.

Test "DETERMINE THE TYPE OF YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM"

Passport of a sanguine person A lively, hot, mobile person, with frequent changes in mood, impressions, with a quick reaction to all events taking place around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. He is very productive at work, when he is interested, getting very excited about this, if the work is not interesting, he is indifferent to it, he becomes bored.

Choleric's Passport Fast, passionate, impetuous, but completely unbalanced, with a sharply changing mood with emotional outbursts, quickly exhausted. He does not have a balance of nervous processes, this sharply distinguishes him from a sanguine person. Choleric, carried away, carelessly wastes his strength and quickly depletes.

Passport phlegmatic Slow, imperturbable, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy in the manifestation of emotions and feelings. He shows perseverance and perseverance in work, remaining calm and balanced. In work, he is productive, compensating for his slowness with diligence.

Passport of a melancholic A person is easily vulnerable, prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts little to external factors. He cannot restrain his asthenic experiences by an effort of will, he is highly impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable. These are traits of emotional weakness.

Sanguine Choleric Phlegmatic Melancholic Napoleon Bonaparte Peter I M. Yu. Lermontov A.I. Herzen A.V.Suvorov A.S.Pushkin Pavel I I.P.Pavlov M.I.Kutuzov I.A.Krylov N.V.Gogol P.I.Tchaikovsky Type of temperament and prominent historical figures.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Type of lesson: lesson - research Objectives of the lesson: Purpose-subject / goal-subject results / cognitive goal / teaching goal: - students will learn to formulate new anatomical and physiological ...

The structure and significance of the nervous system. nervous regulation.

The development of a lesson on the topic "Structure and significance of the nervous system. Nervous regulation", introduces students to the structure and classification of the nervous system, determines the relationship between the nervous system and the work of the internal ...

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

1 slide

Description of the slide:

2 slide

Description of the slide:

The concept of the properties of the nervous system was introduced into physiology by IP Pavlov. Following him, B.M. Teplov under the properties of the nervous system understood its natural, innate features that affect the formation of individual forms of behavior (in animals) and some individual differences abilities and character (in a person).

3 slide

Description of the slide:

If we are talking about the features of the nervous system, then we must talk not just about its properties, but about the degree of their severity, the features of the course of nervous processes that different people can be (and are) unequal and therefore, to varying degrees, affect the characteristics of behavior and activity.

4 slide

Description of the slide:

Temperament is a stable set of individual psychophysiological characteristics of a person associated with dynamic, rather than meaningful, aspects of activity. Temperament is the basis for the formation and development of character. From a physiological point of view, it is due to the type of higher nervous activity of a person and manifests itself in the nature of a person’s behavior, in the degree of his vital activity.

5 slide

Description of the slide:

The difference in temperament of people is manifested in their activities. To achieve success in it, it is important that a person master his temperament, be able to adapt it to the conditions and requirements of activity, relying on its strong properties and compensating for its weak ones.

6 slide

Description of the slide:

7 slide

Description of the slide:

People with pronounced features of a certain temperament are not so common, most often people have a mixed temperament in various combinations. But the predominance of traits of any type of temperament makes it possible to attribute a person's temperament to one or another type. One of the most common classifications of temperament types in Russian literature: Choleric Sanguine Melancholic Phlegmatic

8 slide

Description of the slide:

Choleric - fast, impetuous, but completely unbalanced, with a sharply changing mood with emotional outbursts, quickly exhausted. He does not have a balance of nervous processes, this sharply distinguishes him from a sanguine person. Choleric has a great capacity for work, however, being carried away, he carelessly wastes his strength and is quickly depleted.

9 slide

Description of the slide:

Phlegmatic - unhurried, imperturbable, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy with the manifestation of emotions and feelings. He shows perseverance and perseverance in work, remaining calm and balanced. In work, he is productive, compensating for his slowness with diligence.

10 slide

Description of the slide:

A sanguine person is a lively, hot, mobile person, with frequent changes of impressions, with a quick reaction to all events taking place around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. Usually a sanguine person has expressive facial expressions. He is very productive at work when he is interested. If the work is not interesting, he treats it indifferently, he becomes bored.

11 slide

Description of the slide:

Melancholic - prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts sharply to external factors. He often cannot restrain his experiences by an effort of will, he is highly impressionable, emotionally vulnerable.

12 slide

Description of the slide:

Choleric workers compare favorably with other types of temperament in that they are the least susceptible to stress. Even if they have a tense situation at work, they very quickly recover their strength and are eager to fight again. Most often, choleric people are excellent leaders, so they can easily and effectively manage any processes - they make the best, albeit strict, bosses. Those professions that require vigorous energy and increased concentration of attention are suitable for choleric people: - television reporter, - commodity specialist, - diplomat, - journalist, - entrepreneur, - pilot, - surgeon, - dispatcher, - coach, - driver, - manager, - director, - builder, - cook, - geologist, - investigator, - electrician.

13 slide

Description of the slide:

Main feature phlegmatic, which makes them the most powerful is slowness. In the arisen at work stressful situations only phlegmatic people are able to calmly analyze the current situation and make the right decision. They sway for a long time, looking for several options for solving an issue or problem, but the assigned task will be completed perfectly. However, more or better than that what they are asked to do, they will not do. Phlegmatic people are most productive in monotonous and monotonous work, exact sciences: - mechanic, - worker Agriculture, - electrician, - engineer, - therapist, - agronomist, - driver, - economist, - botanist, - physicist, - astronomer, - mathematician.

14 slide

Description of the slide:

Sanguine is born to hold leadership positions. It is from them that the most pleasant and sincere bosses are obtained. This is always a very prudent person who knows how to persuade and win over. The only thing that can cause stupor in sanguine people is some technical points in which they are not strong at all. For sanguine people, we can recommend bright, lively professions that require communication with other people, opening up new horizons and displaying creative abilities: - manager, - doctor, - teacher, - psychologist, - organizer, - educator, - salesman, - process engineer.

15 slide

Description of the slide:

Melancholic people like to work alone. These people are very emotional and sensitive, and therefore easily catch the subtleties in the behavior of the people around them. They are perfectly capable of feeling art, music, literature. They are observant. Melancholic people become depressed at the slightest setback, they are very anxious and often unreasonably sad and sad. Melancholic people need to choose professions that will provide them with a calm and safe environment that does not require them to frequently change activities or quickly react: - artist, - fashion designer, - designer, - composer, - writer, - geologist, - veterinarian, - agronomist, - livestock specialist , - accountant, - turner, - locksmith, - radio mechanic.

16 slide

Description of the slide:

17 slide

Description of the slide:

18 slide

Temperament

Natural Properties of the Nervous System

Classification of temperaments

• The earliest classification of temperaments was given in the 2nd century BC. Claudius Galen, based on the features of metabolic processes.

The family of Hippocrates had about

17 generations of doctors

Hippocrates(Greek physician and teacher

The ancient Greek scientist-philosopher Hippocrates divided all people into 4 groups according to the principle of the ratio of fluids in the human body:

• Sanguine - from "sangvis" (blood)
• Phlegmatic - from "phlegm" (mucus)
• Choleric - from "chole" (bile)
• Melancholic - from "melain chole" (black bile)

5th century BC

PHLEGMATIC PERSON

MELANCHOLIC

SANGUINE

Hippocrates compared four types of temperament with four elements

FIRE, EARTH,

WATER, AIR

The harmony of the four elements creates life on Earth, the harmony of the four principles in a person allows him to live a full life

Classification of temperaments

• physiologist,
• psychologist,
• creator of the science of higher nervous activity,
• founder of the largest Russian physiological school
• Laureate Nobel Prize 1904
• one of the most authoritative scientists of Russia,

The classification of I.P. Pavlov is based on the properties of the nervous system

Temperament determines and provides

mobility, strength, balance of our reactions

Strength – body's ability to endure

large overloads

Equilibrium – excitation and inhibition are equal in intensity

Mobility – arousal ability and

braking fast

change each other

What is temperament?

• Temperament - individual characteristics of a person that determine his mental activity.

Strong

Weak type of nervous system ( melancholic )

Unbalanced type of nervous system ( choleric )

Balanced

Inert type of nervous system ( phlegmatic person )

Mobile type of nervous system ( sanguine )

• extrovert type characterized by the orientation of the individual to the world around him.
• They are characterized by impulsiveness, initiative, flexibility of behavior, sociability, social adaptability.
• introverted type characterized by fixing the interests of the individual on the phenomena of the inner world: unsociableness, isolation,

tendency to introspection, difficulty in social adaptation.

• sanguine
• Giants of the nervous system. The person is lively, mobile, in the center of attention, enjoys respect, easily establishes contacts. Optimists. They get sick the least, they sleep little. Relatively easily survives failures and troubles. Speech is lively and emotional. Memory is good, catches on the fly. They have great performance. Usually good employees. But it is very difficult to make a sanguine person work. He needs to be interested - then he will move mountains.

• Phlegmatic
• Strong balanced nervous system. A slow, unflappable person. Feelings are constant, but not pronounced. Movement and speech are calm, measured. Remembers slowly, but remembers for a long time. The reaction to an unexpected impact is delayed. With difficulty establishes, but easily maintains acquaintance, peace-loving, diligent. Slowly starts up, but is able to withstand significant loads. In order for the phlegmatic person to work well, he needs to be “shaken” from time to time: arrange an analysis of his work, scold or, conversely, praise him.

• Melancholy
• A sensitive, reserved and thorough person. Prefers to be on the sidelines. Not sociable. Speech is quiet, can be reduced to a whisper. Remembers quickly due to the high ability to analyze. Easily vulnerable, inclined to deeply experience even minor failures, but outwardly restrained. They get tired quickly. Sluggish in movements. Very soft, friendly, but rather spineless people. They rejoice when they manage to avoid an unpleasant conversation, although the goal is not achieved.

• Cholerics
• The person is fast, impetuous, emotional. Remembers quickly, forgets quickly. Speech is loud, harsh, sometimes rude. Leader, easy to establish contacts, but difficult to maintain. Impulsive, prone to conflicts, violent emotional outbursts. Sudden mood swings, irritable. Soft remarks are not perceived, hard ones lead to rebellion. Poorly perceive humor, especially jokes at their own expense. The main violators of discipline. Able to give himself to the cause with exceptional passion. The best way cope with a choleric person - constantly load him with work so that his energy always has an outlet.

• Choleric -strong, unbalanced, mobile type of higher nervous activity;
• Phlegmatic person -strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity;
• melancholic - weak, unbalanced, inert type of higher nervous activity;
• sanguine - a strong, balanced, mobile type of higher nervous activity.

• Each type of psyche is more suitable for some cases and professions and less for others.
• Melancholy - These are often people of art. But they make bad drivers and useless climbers.
• Cholerics - They are great test pilots, but bad clerks.
• Phlegmatic On the contrary, they are excellent accountants, calculators, but, as a rule, unimportant poets.
• Sanguine - excellent drivers, sappers, engineers, but they are not as patient as phlegmatic people .

Practical work "Determining the type of temperament"

Of the 4 statements, you need to choose one that is most suitable for you.

• a) fussy and restless;

b) cheerful and cheerful;

c) cool and calm;

d) shy and shy

• a) quick-tempered and unrestrained;

b) businesslike and energetic;

c) thorough and consistent;

d) get lost in a new environment

• a) are straightforward and sharp in relation to other people;

b) tend to overestimate themselves;

c) know how to wait;

d) doubt yourself

4 . a) unforgiving;

b) if something ceases to interest, you quickly cool down;

c) strictly adhere to the system in work and daily routine;

d) adapt involuntarily to the nature of the interlocutor

5. a) you are the owner of choppy, abrupt movements;

b) fall asleep quickly

c) it is difficult for you to adapt to a new environment;

d) submissive

6. a) intolerant of shortcomings;

b) efficient, hardy;

c) in their interests are constant;

d) easily vulnerable, sensitive

7. a) impatient;

b) quit the things you started;

c) prudent and careful;

d) Difficulty making contact with new people

8 . a) you have expressive facial expressions;

b) fast, loud speech with lively gestures;

c) slowly get involved in the work;

d) very touchy

9. a) you have a fast, passionate speech;

b) get involved in a new job quickly;

c) you hold back the impulse easily;

d) very impressionable

10. a) work in jerks;

b) you take on any new business with enthusiasm;

c) do not waste your energy;

d) you have a quiet, weak speech

11. a) you are not collected;

b) persistent in achieving the goal;

c) lethargic, inactive;

d) seek the coexistence of others

12. a) make quick decisions and act;

b) keep your composure in difficult situations;

c) equal relations with everyone;

d) unsociable

13. a) initiative and decisive;

b) quickly grasp the new;

c) do not like to talk in vain, are silent;

d) endure loneliness easily

14. a) strive for something new;

b) you are always in a cheerful mood;

c) love accuracy;

d) timid, inactive

15. a) stubborn;

b) in interests and inclinations are fickle;

c) you have a calm, even speech with stops;

d) when you fail, you feel confused and depression

16. a) have a tendency to vehemence;

b) burdened by monotonously painstaking work;

c) are not very susceptible to censure and approval;

d) you have high expectations for others and for yourself

17. a) inclined to rice;

b) adapt easily to different circumstances;

c) finish what you started

d) you get tired easily

18. a) sudden mood swings;

b) tend to be distracted;

c) have endurance;

d) too susceptible to censure and approval

19. a) being an aggressive bully;

b) responsive and sociable;

c) not malice;

d) suspicious, suspicious

20. a) resourceful in a dispute;

b) you experience failures easily;

c) patient and restrained;

r0 have a tendency to withdraw into yourself.

Count how many times you chose the answer "a", how many "b", how many "c" and how many "d". Now multiply each of the received numbers by "5". You'll get percentage answers.

Four types of answers correspond to 4 types of temperament:

"a" - type of choleric

"b" - type of sanguine

"c" - type of phlegmatic

"g" - type of melancholic

Determine which type dominates you.

Temperaments are rare in their pure form.

• In every person there is something from the choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic.
• The question of who is better to be does not make sense, as does the question of what season is best.
• Each has its pros and cons.
• It is necessary to live and act, choosing an effective model of behavior depending on the situation, not being led by natural qualities, but developing them.

Any group of people works more efficiently if it includes representatives of all temperaments.

• Melancholy they are the first to feel in which direction to start the search.
• Cholerics perform the functions of fearless scouts.
• Sanguine are a source of positive emotions and constantly generate unexpected ideas.
• Phlegmatic analyze the information and offer an informed decision.

Professions and types of temperament

sanguine

Choleric

Kindergarten teacher

Doctor

Artist

Phlegmatic person

TV journalist

melancholic

Teacher

Biologist

Diplomat

Psychologist

Painter

Mathematician

Seamstress

Entrepreneur

Manager

Physicist

Writer

Waiter

Astronomer

Dispatcher

Geologist

Surgeon

Salesman

Engineer

Pilot

Process Engineer

Driver

Accountant

Builder

car mechanic

An electrician

Agronomist

Investigator

Agronomist

producer

turner

mechanic

What determines your choice of profession?

• From the capabilities of each (his abilities, temperament);
• From preferences (interests and inclinations);
• From the requirements of the profession to the personality of the applicant;
• From the possibilities of parents;
• From the demand for the profession in the labor market.

temperament

Types

Responsiveness

Friendliness

Leadership Sociability

Energy

Carelessness

Anxiety

Despondency

Closure

Sensitivity

uncommunicative

sensitivity

Passivity

peacefulness

prudence

Equilibrium

Controllability

Reliability

calmness

Anxiety

Aggressiveness

Changeability

Irritability

irascibility

Activity

Optimism

sanguine

melancholic

phlegmatic person

choleric

The character of a person can be judged by how he behaves in society.

Character

Character(from the Greek. Charakter - chasing, printing) - a set of stable ways of behavior and emotional response.

There are four groups of the most important properties (traits) of character:

• The attitude of a person to the team, other people (goodwill, justice, sociability, selfishness, sensitivity, sincerity)

• Attitude towards work (industriousness, commitment, conscientiousness, discipline)

3. Attitude towards oneself (confidence, pride, talent, narcissism, arrogance)

4. Attitude towards nature, things (accuracy, curiosity, humanity, thrift).

Practical work "Method of independent characteristics"

Score "5" - this property is always manifested in a person;

Score "4" - this property is manifested in humans in most

cases;

Score "3" - the property indicated on the left and on the right is manifested to the same extent;

Score "2" - in most cases, the opposite property is manifested

Score "1" - the opposite property always appears

Features of temperament must be taken into account when choosing a profession, but do not confuse temperament with character .

• Kindness and cruelty, industriousness and laziness, accuracy and carelessness - all these character traits are not inherent in nature, but are formed throughout life.
• A person with any temperament can be smart or stupid, honest or deceitful, talented or mediocre.
• The success of a person does not depend on his temperament, but on the abilities, knowledge, skills and orientation of the personality.

Indicate which emoticon belongs to which temperament?

melancholic

choleric

phlegmatic person

sanguine

phlegmatic person

sanguine

choleric

melancholic

Emoticons in the service of psychologists