Municipal budgetary educational institution "Bolzhezhirovskaya secondary school named after Hero of the Soviet Union Leonid Vasilyevich Lukyanchikov"
Analysis of the fable “The Pig under the Oak”
Deriglazova
Alexandrovna
Fable Analysis« Pig under the Oak»
Lesson objectives.
1. Educational:
1) To introduce students to the riches of Russian literature, familiarization with the fable “The Pig under the Oak.”
2) Emphasize the importance of morality as a compositional element, which is the focus of the ideological content of the fable.
3) Include the following questions of literary theory in the process of considering the work: character, theme, idea, morality, plot, fabulist techniques (allegory, personification, irony)
4) Introduce the term allegory.
5) Supplement knowledge about the features of the fable genre.
6) Give a moral and aesthetic assessment of the work.
2. Educational:
1) Form an independent and active reader.
2) Contribute to the formation of the student’s self-affirmation, the ability to adequately respond to the world around him.
3) Develop sensitivity to the artistic word.
4) Develop aesthetic perception, emotions, feelings and sensations, intuition.
3. Educational.
1) Enrich the spiritual world of the student.
2) Cultivate resistance to ignorance.
Consolidation lesson.
Planned results:
cognitive UUD: search and selection of necessary information, conscious and voluntary construction of a speech utterance in oral form, free orientation and perception of the text of a work of art, semantic reading;
personal UUD: self-determination, moral and ethical orientation, the ability to self-assess one’s actions and actions;
regulatory UUD: goal setting, planning, self-regulation, identification and awareness by students of what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned;
communicative educational activities: planning educational cooperation with the teacher and peers, observing the rules of speech behavior, the ability to express and justify one’s point of view.
Equipment. Equipment: projector, interactive whiteboard, computer, multimedia presentation, recording of a fable performed by a master of artistic expression; textbook, drawings by students and illustrations for fables; dictionaries, didactic material.
Preparation for the lesson: write an epigraph, arrange an exhibition of drawings, turn on the presentation, insert a disk with a fable, give names to the children on their desks.
during the classes
« I love, where there is an opportunity, to pinch vices!..”
1. Emotional exercise. Teacher's opening speech.
2. Updating knowledge.
I read the opening lines of the fable and show the slides. Children guess the name of the fable.
Slide 1: " They led an Elephant through the streets,
Apparently, for show.
It is known that Elephants are a curiosity among us "
Slide 2: " How many times have they told the world,
That flattery is vile and harmful; but everything is not for the future,
And a flatterer will always find a corner in the heart."
Slide 3:"The wolf at night, thinking of getting into the sheepfold,
Got to the kennel ."
Slide 4: " When there is no agreement among comrades,
Things won't go well for them,
And nothing will come out of it, only torment.
Once upon a time a Swan, a Crayfish and a Pike."
Slide 5: "Jumping Dragonfly"
The red summer sang,
I didn’t have time to look back,
How winter rolls into your eyes."
The teacher draws attention to the exhibition of students’ drawings for the fable “The Pig under the Oak Tree” .
Is reading a work enough to understand its meaning? (no, you need to analyze it).
- The world of books is vast, the power of words is inexhaustible. Today in the lesson we will continue our acquaintance with creativity, we will try to reveal the secrets, charm and power of the fable “The Pig under the Oak”
· Formulation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Write the topic on the board and in your notebook.
3. The main stage of the lesson. Fable Analysis
And I bring to your attention a recording of a fable performed by a master of artistic expression. Please note: reading the fable “The Pig under the Oak” is accompanied by magnificent illustrations.
Pig under the ancient oak
I ate my fill of acorns to satiety;
Having eaten, I slept under it;
Then, having cleared her eyes, she stood up
And she began to undermine the roots of the Oak tree with her snout.
“After all, this harms the tree,”
Raven tells her from Dubu, -
If you expose the roots, it may dry out."
“Let it dry,” says the Pig, “
It doesn't bother me at all,
I see little use in it;
Even if he were gone forever, I wouldn’t regret it at all;
If only there were acorns: they make me fat.”
“Ungrateful!” Oak said to her here, “
Whenever you could lift your snout up,
You should have seen
Why are these acorns growing on me?
The ignoramus is also blinded
Scolds science and learning
And all the scientific works,
Without feeling that he is tasting their fruits.
Slide 7: Krylov uses allegory. Examples of allegory (allegory; depiction of an abstract idea through a specific, clearly represented image).
4) Physical education minute.
Sat down, stood up, stood up, sat down
Didn't you hurt each other?
Look at your neighbor -
Sincerely smile at him.
Turn your eyes to me
Smile now for me.
Poofigurative analysis. Purpose: to characterize the characters: Pig, Crow, Oak, to identify morality. Using word drawing.
The pig is stupid, lazy, selfish, thinks only about his own pleasure.
A pig, unable to see anything beyond its nose, much less change its existing opinion. The pig is an image that ridicules the laziness and ignorance of people. Krylov chose this animal for a reason. We all know a certain feature of pigs - they are not able to raise their heads up. It is precisely this that reinforces the image of a person who not only does not want to listen or know anything, but is no longer capable of doing so.
Oak is the embodiment of age-old wisdom, everyday truth.
The oak tree reflects the image of a wise man, or rather an old man, who does not try to set a pig on the right path, but only speaks the truth in his hearts. Through his lips, Krylov conveys to us the moral of the fable The Pig Under the Oak. The oak tree is associated here with centuries-old wisdom, and the pig with those who do not want to comprehend it through learning. The Raven is delicate, calm, and is surprised at the Pig’s stupidity.
a character who is trying to reason with a pig due to his naivety and does not understand that the pig is unlikely to listen to him, and even if he listens, he is unlikely to hear.
Slide 8. Appeal to the epigraph and with
tricky job
. Explain the meaning of the following expressions: Plant a pig, act like a pig, throw pearls in front of the pigs.
Ingratitude - lack of feelings of gratitude towards someone who has provided good or service)
An ignoramus is a person who does not know decency, is rude, discourteous.
An ignoramus is an uneducated, ignorant person;
5) Primary consolidation of what has been learned. Dramatization of the fable (four students read by role)
6) Identification of the artistic features of the fable.
Morality fables - the initial or final lines of a fable with a moralizing conclusion. The history of the creation of this fable is interesting. She is an argument in a dispute. It was written by Krylov at a time when there was an opinion among the nobility that education was not needed.
Is the fable relevant today? In what situation in your life might you use these words? (The student does not want to study, scolds school, studies, but does not understand that he is using what has been done with the help of science)
· Reflection.
Referring to lesson objectives.
· Homework - learn the fable and prepare an expressive reading.
The great master of Russian fables, Ivan Andreevich Krylov, really found himself in this field. At some point, they captivated him so much that he could not give them up until the end of his days. He became the author of 236 fables, which are collected in nine collections. Many expressions of his works have become popular. He borrowed some of his stories from the French fabulist La Fontaine, who, in turn, borrowed many fascinating stories from the ancient Greek fabulists and poets: Aesop, Phaedrus and Babrius.
Lesson topic: “Moral of the fable “The Pig under the Oak Tree” (in your own words, 4th grade)”
This work became one of Krylov’s famous fables. Let's try to understand the moral of the fable “The Pig under the Oak.” Telling the story in your own words, you can start with the fact that the pig, having eaten its fill of acorns and slept under the oak tree, began to dig up the roots of this mighty tree with its snout. A raven sitting on an oak branch warned her not to spoil the tree, because the exposed roots could dry out, and the tree could die. But the pig didn’t feel sorry for the tree, as long as it had acorns. Then the oak tree got angry and told the pig that she was ungrateful, since acorns are its fruits. But the pig didn't care at all.
Now, knowing what this work is about, you can proceed to the topic: “The moral of the fable “The Pig under the Oak Tree” (in your own words, grade 4).”
Main persons
The main characters of the fable were a pig, an oak tree and a crow. In the image of a pig you can recognize someone who is unable to see beyond his nose. Pigs also have this feature by nature. Therefore, thanks to her, the ignorance and laziness of people who do not want to listen and know anything are ridiculed; they are not even capable of this and do everything in their own way.
Raven is a prudent image of someone who is trying to somehow reason with a stupid and insatiable creature. But he is naive, because everything is like water off a duck's back; due to its stupidity, the pig does not want to listen to anyone, much less draw any useful conclusions.
Thus, the moral of the fable “The Pig under the Oak Tree” (in its own words) is the reflection of wisdom and experience in the image of an oak tree. He resembles a sage who is trying to guide a person on the path of truth and goodness.
Lesson topic: “Moral of the fable “The Pig under the Oak Tree” (in your own words, grade 5)”
If we relate this to real life, then the meaning of this work is by no means simple and carries some information about the time when Krylov lived. And therefore, the moral of the fable “The Pig under the Oak,” in its own words, is that everything created in science can immediately perish in the hands of such uneducated ignoramuses as the pig. She is directly associated with those who do not want to learn anything, and wise tips and instructions that can restrain her barbaric behavior and done for her own benefit by the oak and the raven are, in general, not a decree for her. She will continue to live according to her own laws, and therefore there may be danger not only for her, but for the entire area.
Conclusion
Expanding more deeply on the topic “The moral of the fable “The Pig Under the Oak Tree” (in your own words)”, it can be noted that just as a narrow-minded and short-sighted pig, digging up an oak tree, makes things even worse for itself, because the oak tree brings her food, her favorite acorns, from which she gets fat, so people are capable of harming themselves because of their stupidity and stupidity. And how many such frivolous people are there in the world...
This kind of fable helps students in grades 4-5 analyze events. Already at this age, they must understand the importance of these wise instructions, so as not to later be like the heroine of the work - the pig. Children should try to analyze the behavior of the pig and all the other characters in the play and give it the correct moral and aesthetic assessment.
Pig under the ancient oak
I ate my fill of acorns to satiety;
Having eaten, I slept under it;
Then, having cleared her eyes, she stood up
And she began to undermine the roots of the Oak tree with her snout.
“After all, this harms the tree,”
The raven says to her and Dubu:
“If you expose the roots, it may dry out.”
“Let it dry,” says the Pig:
“That doesn’t bother me at all;
I see little use in it;
Even if he doesn’t exist for a century, I won’t regret it at all,
If only there were acorns: they make me fat.”
"Ungrateful!" Oak said to her here:
“If only you could lift your snout up,
You should have seen
Why are these acorns growing on me?
The ignorant is also blinded
Scolds science and learning,
And all the scientific works,
Without feeling that he is tasting their fruits.
Summary
The pig was grazing under a large oak tree. She liked the acorns falling from the tree. One day she began to dig up the roots of an oak tree. The raven who was sitting on the tree told her that this would harm the oak tree. However, the pig responded by saying that she didn't care. Then the oak tree accused the pig of not feeling grateful towards him. He tried to explain to the pig that the acorns that she loved so much grew on the tree. But the pig did not have the opportunity to look up and see that this was really the case. She remained unconvinced and continued to harm the oak tree.
Fable Analysis
History of creation
The fable “The Pig under the Oak” was written by I. A. Krylov around 1823 and first published in the newspaper “Northern Bee” in 1825.
Meaning of the name
The title contains the central opposition of the fable. The pig symbolizes greed and ignorance, the oak symbolizes eternity and wisdom.
The main theme of the work
The main theme of the work is the condemnation of blind ignorance.
The Greedy Pig lives only for his own pleasure. Its main goal is to fill the stomach more. Having eaten the acorns that fell from the Oak and slept through it, the Pig wants to prolong the pleasure and begins to undermine the roots of the Oak. In her stupid head, the images of food and a mighty tree are in no way connected with each other.
A dirty, ignorant animal can cause the death of a giant. Oak invites the Pig to lift its snout and see for itself where it gets its food.
Issues
In the era of Krylov (as, indeed, at all times) there were many ignorant people who had a sharply negative attitude towards knowledge and science. They strongly condemned scientific progress, declaring it the source of all kinds of troubles.
According to the author, such ignoramuses resemble the ungrateful Pig from the fable. The basis of a negative attitude towards knowledge is simple laziness, the desire to live only for oneself, without caring about others. While blaming science, ignorant people at the same time are not at all embarrassed to enjoy all the benefits of scientific and technological progress.
The composition of the work is traditional for the fable genre: an allegorical main part and the final author's conclusion.
Morality
Using a simple and clear example, Krylov shows that the “fruits” of scientific knowledge are enjoyed to one degree or another by everyone without exception. Only the most stupid and narrow-minded people do not understand this obvious fact. Unfortunately, there are many examples of how ignorant people with power became an obstacle to the development of science. Only if ignorance is completely eradicated will humanity be able to successfully continue its development.
Moral of the fable "The Pig under the Oak"
Discussing the moral of the fable “The Pig Under the Oak,” it should be noted that Krylov’s amazing feature was the ease and playfulness with which he presented people’s vices. This fable has the same character. The definition of the main character becomes ambiguous. At first glance, this is a Pig, but most likely it is an Oak, explaining the essence of the story.Among the characters in the fable, the first to appear is the image of the Pig. It is in it that the author emphasizes such qualities as ignorance, disrespect for the work of others and ingratitude. It was not for nothing that Krylov chose this animal. After all, pigs anatomically cannot raise their heads. This emphasizes both the lack of desire to listen to anything and the lack of ability to do so. Raven appears next to us. He tries to reason with the Pig and, with some naivety, assumes that she will hear him. And then the image of Oak appears. He is like a sage, an old man who knows the truth. The oak does not try to reason with anyone, being a source of food for the ignorant Pig.
Krylov describes the Pig without much favor. Its main features are stupidity, laziness, and selfishness. It displays the image of a person who delights only his own self.
The author confronts true enlightenment and ignorance. The Pig is ignorant because it does not want to understand what the source of its food is:
“Let it dry,” says the Pig, “
It doesn’t bother me at all.”
The words of true enlightenment are voiced by the caring Raven:
“After all, this harms the tree,”
Raven tells her from Dubu, -
If you expose the roots, it may dry out.”
In this fable, Krylov, with the help of a well-chosen allegory, describes such human vices as the inability and unwillingness to find a cause-and-effect relationship. The pig does not want to understand that its food - acorns - directly depends on Oak. Relying on her ignorance, she undermines the roots of the Oak, destroying her source of nutrition. In life, people often behave this way. It is about them that the Russian proverb says, “Don’t cut the branch you’re sitting on.” Ivan Krylov himself somewhat narrows the moral of the fable “The Pig Under the Oak” at the end, urging us to respect science and learning, reminding us that it is their fruits that we use.
Subject. Expressive reading of the fable by I.A. Krylov "Pig under the Oak".
Target: improve the expressive reading skills of 6th graders, deepen knowledge of the theory of expressive reading; develop aesthetic taste.Equipment: text of the fable by I.A. Krylova “Pig under the Oak”; illustrations for the fable; “Pig under the Oak”: video clip for a literature lesson.
Lesson type: speech development lesson; type of lesson - expressive reading lesson.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
II. Checking homework.
III. Learning new material.
- Methodological commentary. Fable by I.A. Krylov’s “Pig under the Oak” is a work that, perhaps more than others, will allow students to fully reveal the facets of their performing skills. And since the speech score of this fable includes more complex elements, deepening the knowledge of 6th graders in the theory of expressive reading becomes a prerequisite for an expressive reading lesson.
In grade 5, students received a general understanding of the concepts of “pause” and “stress” and developed primary skills in composing speech scores (See: “Integrated course. Literature (Russian and world): A book for teachers. Grade 5 / Compiled by S.E. . Evtushenko, T.I. Korvel, A.S. Onikienko, N.N. Pokatova - K.: Diploma, 2013 (P. 94-95).
In 6th grade, students should learn that pauses can be logical and psychological. Logical a pause, indicated in a speech score by a vertical dash, can be short (|) or long (||). Its duration depends on the logic of division of the text. For example, at the place of a comma, the pause is usually short, but a dash and a period require a longer pause for the reader while performing the work aloud.
But there is also a more complex type of pause - psychological. (In a speech score, a psychological pause is usually denoted by \/). It occurs much less frequently, in exceptional cases: for example, when you need to focus attention on the next word, imitate remembering or searching for the right word, emphasize emotional stress, fear, surprise, reticence, deliberate silence, sudden stop in speech, etc. Such a pause can be anywhere: between phrases, in the middle of a measure, at the place of dividing marks, and where there are none.
The main thing that 6th graders should remember (and write down in their notebooks) are the two main functions of the psychological pause:- focus the listeners' attention on the words just spoken, giving them the opportunity to feel what they heard
or - psychologically prepare listeners to perceive what will sound now, as if warning them about the importance of the following information.
Logical pauses are familiar to every speaker and, if the reader correctly understands the content of the sentences he pronounces, they are quite easily reproduced. Psychological pauses require special preparation. That is why, before reading any text to listeners, the performer must, first of all, carefully work on its general, deep meaning. We can say this: the reader must first understand WHAT he wants to convey to the listeners with his reading, and only then look for ways HOW he will do it. - focus the listeners' attention on the words just spoken, giving them the opportunity to feel what they heard
- Teacher's introduction:“How to read a fable correctly.”
If we talk about expressive reading of fables, then it would be more accurate to say not “expressive reading”, but “expressive storytelling”. As contemporaries of the great Russian fabulist I.A. testify. Krylov, he read his fables in such a tone, in such a simple-minded and natural manner that his reading could be mistaken for the continuation of an everyday conversation.
That is, the basis for reading a fable is the principle of a lively and natural narrative, which includes the same lively and natural reproduction of the characters’ lines. It should be remembered that living speech is replete with shades, and therefore the reader must convey not only the main content of the fable, but also all the diversity of its logical and emotional content.
The author's text, which precedes the development of events, is read in a narrative and informative manner, preparing listeners to perceive the main events. But it is not always necessary to pronounce all the author’s words in a “neutral” tone. For example, the author’s comments on the negative actions of the characters should be read with irony, as if “appropriating” the author’s text, presenting it as “your” story about real events and their participants.
Reading cues requires special skill. After all, each character in the fable embodies a certain type of people. Here you will need the reader’s developed imagination about the individual characteristics of the character, his manner of behavior, as well as the ability to change the pitch of his voice, its strength, and tempo. But the reader should not get too carried away with “reincarnation” of animals as the heroes of the fable, because the main direction of the work is the revelation of people’s vices, which the author carries out through allegory and comic elements.
The moral of the fable is pronounced more slowly, instructively, in the form of a reasoning. This is either a reminder of a known truth, or advice from a wise person, or an ironic criticism of some action. Before and after the moral, it is imperative to make tangible pauses (usually psychological) in order to attract the attention of listeners to the conclusion that the author embodied in the moral.
Fables, in which the direct speech of the characters plays an important role, allow you to attract an element of dramatization to the reading. At the end of the lesson we will try to read the fable “The Pig under the Oak” with roles. But we must not forget that the perfect execution of the entire work by one reader is, as a rule, a more difficult task. Therefore, in expressive reading lessons, we will give preference to monologue reading, because it is precisely this that requires students to work more conscientiously on the quality of their voice, on intonation, and on the emotionality of reading. - Listening to the reading of the fable “The Pig under the Oak” by a professional reader.
- Ideological and thematic analysis of the fable. Decoding the allegory.
In the fable “The Pig under the Oak,” Krylov, through the technique of allegory, exposes and ridicules human stupidity and ignorance, which are worthy of universal condemnation. He denounces ignoramuses who are incapable of analyzing cause-and-effect relationships in life events and phenomena, and most importantly, ridicules their complete reluctance to look for this connection at all. To realize his plan, the fabulist very successfully chose the image of the Pig. First of all, based on the folklore interpretation of the image of the Pig (proverbs, sayings, fairy tales), we can argue that we often associate the pig with laziness, gluttony, and ignorance. Krylov clearly emphasized that the pig loves acorns very much, and that it can dig the ground with its snout even for no apparent reason - just for pleasure. And based on the physiological characteristics of this animal, we know that a pig, due to its special body structure, is indeed not capable of raising its head high up. The Raven in the fable represents an ordinary person who, rather than being indignant at the Pig’s behavior, is naively surprised by it. And the old Oak, which from the point of view of the Pig is simply a plant not worth its attention, is the embodiment of age-old wisdom, worldly truth. - Work on the speech score of the fable. Commentary by the teacher on logical, psychological pauses, phrasal and logical stresses (that is, words underlined by one or two lines).
Pig under the Oak
Pig | under the century-old oak |
I ate my fill of acorns, | to capacity; |
Having eaten, I slept under it; |
Then, having cleared her eyes, she stood up \/
And snout | began to undermine the roots of the Oak tree. ||
“After all, this harms the tree,” |
Raven tells her from Dubu, - |
If you expose the roots, | it may dry out.” \/
“Let it dry,” | says the Pig, - |
It doesn’t bother me at all; |
I see little use in it; |
At least for a century he will not be, | I won’t regret it at all, |
If only there were acorns: | because they make me fat.” ||
“Ungrateful! – | Oak said to her here, - |
Whenever up | you could raise your snout, |
You should have seen |
What are these acorns | they grow on me.” \/Ignorant | also in dazzle |
Scolds science | and learning, |
And all scientific works, |
Without feeling | that he eats their fruits. || - Detailed tips for expressive reading of fables.
So, we read the fable this way. We pronounce the exposition (the first 4 lines) slowly, with narrative intonation, but we must take into account that such a seemingly relaxed nature of speech should not be devoid of the necessary emotionality. The reader’s task is determined in two directions: to verbally describe the Pig and at the same time, with a tone of voice, to emphasize the author’s attitude towards her. And it is clearly formed from the very first lines of the work: this is disdain for those whose meaning in life comes down to two life pleasures - eating and sleeping. An important role in the formation of the necessary emotions is played by the author’s well-chosen expressive vocabulary: she ate “to her fullest”, but did not open her eyes, but “torn.”
At the end of the fourth line, a psychological pause would be appropriate - it prepares us for the plot, concentrated in the fifth line. We try not to remain silent during the psychological pause, but to play it: even before the fifth line is uttered, the reader’s facial expression should tell the listeners that he is about to report some disgusting action by a character in the work.
In voicing the plot, the peak of emotionality falls on the word “snout”: we pronounce it with clearly emphasized disgust. Before direct speech, we pause a little longer than usual. The Raven’s words should be said not so much with instruction, but with surprise at the Pig’s senseless act. The author's text (“The Raven speaks to her from Dubu”) should sound somewhat quieter and with a lower timbre of the voice.
Before the Pig’s response to the Raven’s remarks, we again take a psychological pause: after all, a climax is brewing in the work, and we must attract listeners to it. When reading this part of the fable, the performer will need extraordinary skill, since it is here that the main theme of the work is revealed: the depiction of stupidity, utter stupidity and ignorance, which are also combined with arrogant self-confidence. The words “Let it dry” must be pronounced with exorbitant, hypertrophied narcissism, as people say - with pouting lips. We pronounce the author’s remark more quietly (“the Pig speaks”), and the next four lines are like an ambitious teaching in the “pig’s worldly wisdom”: to live only for your own pleasure. We place logical emphasis on the word “acorn”, and stretch the word “fat” a little (“fat-re-e-yu”) and voice it with maximum pleasure and outright boastfulness.
Oak's words contain the denouement of the work. They should be read judiciously, with a touch of teaching, but be sure to leave a subtle note of disgust, which will be accentuated by the word “snout”. When pronouncing Oak’s line, the reader must add expressive facial expressions and gestures to the sound embodiment of the work’s thoughts.
Before voicing the moral of the fable, we take a psychological break. By facial expression we prepare listeners to pronounce the highest worldly wisdom. The moral itself is traditionally pronounced in a serious tone - as a result, a general conclusion from the described situation, which transfers the understanding of the plot from an allegorical one to a universal or even philosophical one.Note. Students should know that the performance of a work of art allows for an element of individual interpretation. Therefore, there may be certain discrepancies in the speech scores of different readers. However, beginning readers should follow the teacher's advice as much as possible.
The speech score of the fable “The Pig under the Oak” proposed here is the basis for working with the text of the fable. Options for marking individual bars can be as follows: “let it dry”, “it doesn’t bother me at all”, “after all, they make me fat”, “what does he eat | their fruits." - Reading a fable by students.(First – individual, then – in individuals).
Before the expressive reading lesson, students must do a short warm-up of their speech apparatus. An approximate list of warm-up exercises was given in the manual mentioned above (pp. 101-102).
