Sections: Extracurricular work

Children are inquisitive and begin to learn a foreign language with interest, which is something new and unusual for them, therefore, for successful learning it is important for the language to keep this interest as long as possible. To this end, we have set ourselves the task of immersing children in the atmosphere of the theater, while developing their speech and cognitive abilities, relying on speech experience, both in their native and in a foreign language, to create a positive attitude towards the further study of foreign languages, to arouse interest in life and culture of other countries.

Theatricalization techniques are aimed not only at the development of the main types of speech activity, but also at the formation of associative thinking, memory, communication skills in a team, and the student's creative initiative.

Dramatization contributes to better memorization and assimilation of various grammatical phenomena, expansion of vocabulary, development of monologue and dialogic speech.

In the teaching of foreign languages, considerable attention is paid to the use of theatrical performances, which serve not only as entertainment for children, but also as a means of teaching the language, and one of the main ways to develop creativity and imagination.

Theatricalization is an effective teaching method foreign language, which naturally includes traditional methods: familiarization, training, application, only with a difference in the motivation of the child. In traditional teaching, these methods set the task of mastering lexical and grammatical material, and in theatricalization, the main task for the child is a successfully played role in the play. An accompanying method is control, including correction, again from the position of the “director” of the play, and not the teacher. A very important point in theatrical productions is that children, playing a certain role, reincarnating as a character, completely liberate themselves and, even making obvious mistakes in speech, do not get lost, but only refer to the fact that the mistake was made not by them, but by those characters. that they play.

Drama is closer than any other kind of creativity, directly related to the game. This is the greatest value of a children's theatrical production.

The basic law of children's creativity is that its value should be seen not only in the result, but also in the process itself. What matters is what children create, create. They develop creative imagination, which they can embody in the performance.

The use of theatricalization in teaching a foreign language sets the following goals:

• the formation of communication skills in children in a foreign language;
• the ability to use a foreign language to achieve their goals, express thoughts and feelings, in real situations of communication;
• upbringing of an active - creative and emotional-aesthetic attitude to the word through the preparation and staging of performances

.

When teaching a foreign language through theatricalization, we are successfully guided by the same principles that distinguish famous practicing teachers: M.Z. Biboletova, I.N. Vereshchagina, G.V. Rogova, E.I. Negnevitskaya, Z.I. Nikitenko:

1. The principle of collective interaction
2. The principle of accessibility and affordability
3. Activity principle
4. The principle of maximum convergence, coordination in mastering different types of speech activity
5. The principle of visibility
6. The principle of the strength of the assimilation of lexical material.

It should also be noted that dramatization helps to overcome the passivity of those children for whom learning a language in itself is a difficult and incomprehensible (in their opinion) task. During the preparation and conduct of theatrical performances, such children enter the atmosphere easy communication and friendly atmosphere, thereby subconsciously striving to contribute to the common cause, which, of course, is impossible without the use of knowledge and skills acquired during a foreign language lesson.

Experience has shown that theatricalization in English classes helps to increase the level of knowledge and skills acquired by children in the learning process.

Theatrical performances are not an end in themselves, but only serve as an interest in mastering the program material, helping to create a situation in which the desire for speech activity is significantly ahead of the language capabilities of children, thereby creating exceptionally favorable conditions for assimilating new knowledge, developing skills for using new speech units in speech.

For successful assimilation of lexical material during the preparation of the performance, it is necessary:

• familiarization of children not with isolated words, but with groups of words connected by semantic and phonetic association;
• formation of a motive for getting acquainted with the words of a given semantic group;
• interpretation of vocabulary through a system of games, not rote words on the list
• the inclusion of new words in the system of relations that has already developed between words known to children and their groups;
• coordinated acquaintance with lexical material and those grammatical operations that allow you to introduce it into speech activity.

It is also necessary to take into account the communicative significance of staging for children and the objective complexity of the material being memorized.

Thus, theatricalization, perceived by children as a game, becomes one of the main activities, especially for younger students.

Literature

1. Bibaletova M.Z., Dobrynina N.V. English for kids.-M.-1994
2. Vereshchagina I.N. English for children, M: "Enlightenment" - 1993
3. Nikitenko Z.N., Negnevitskaya E.I. Book for an English teacher for grade 2-M - 2004

turnip

Characters:

1. turnip
2. grandma
3. Granddaughter
4. Dog
5. Cat
6. kittens
7. mouse
8. Narrator
9. Fruit:
   Cherries, grapes, lemon, plum, strawberry.

Stage director - Lyubetskaya L.I.

Assistant Director and Choreographer - Shalabaeva S.A.

Everyone's output actor on stage with musical accompaniment.

turnip

Narrator: Once upon a time, there lived an old man and an old woman. They lived in the village of Redkino. Everybody knew them because the Grandfather was the most famous gardener all over the region. He grew the best fruit in the village. His plums were very juicy in his orchard. His grapes were very ripe. His strawberries were the most beautiful and sweet as sugar. His cherries were always sweet too. The Grandfather was the only man in the village who had lemons in his orchard. The Grandfather was very proud of his orchard. (At this time, when the narrator reads his text, the fruits on the stage show their fruity virtues.)

But one day he decided to start growing vegetables. And he goes to the kitchen-garden and plants a turnip.

(After the grandfather planted the turnip, he lies down on the bench - he sleeps. The fruits are around the turnip and it appears on the stage. The fruits call the grandfather.)

grandfather: Oh, what a big turnip we have in our kitchen garden. I want to pull it out.

N.: Pulls the turnip.

grandfather: One, two, three! It is too big for me.

N.: Calls the Grandmother.

grandfather: Granny, come here! Help me, please!

N.: The Grandmother is very bright spark. She likes to sing and dance. She never looks sad.

grandmother: What's the matter?

grandfather: Help me, please!

grandmother: All right, grandfather.

N.: Grandmother by Grandfather, Grandfather by the turnip.Pull the turnip.

grf. And Grm.:

N.: no result.

grf. Grm.: Oh, it's too big for us!

N.: Grandmother calls the Granddaughter.

They have a Granddaughter, Kate by name. She is a very kind girl, she always helps her Grandparents.

Granddaughter:(with skipping-rope):

Over my head and under my toes
That's the way my skipping-rope goes,
I can skip slowly, I can skip fast
Look, my rope is whirling past.

I can count and you? Let's count with me! I skip one. (audience counts with her). I skip two…I skip three…I skip four…I skip five…I skip six…I skip seven…I skip eight…I skip nine…I skip ten. All right.

Grandmother: Granddaughter, Granddaughter, come here, help us, please!

Granddaughter: All right, Granny. I'm coming.

N.: Granddaughter by Grandmother, Grandmother by Grandfather, Grandfather by the Turnip. Pull the turnip.

grf. grm. Grd.: One, two, three!.. One, two, three!

N.: no result.

grf. grm. Grd.: Oh, it's too big for us!

N.: Granddaughter calls the dog.

Grd.: Dog, Dog, come here, help us, please!

N.: They also have a dog. He is a very clever dog. He guards the house and his master.

DOG: I am a dog, my name is Jack.
My nose is nice, my coat is black.

What's the matter?

Granddaughter: Jack, Jack, help us, please!

dog: All right, Granddaughter.

N.: Dog by Granddaughter, Granddaughter by Grandmother, Grandmother by Grandfather, Grandfather by the Turnip.Pull the turnip.

Together: One, two, three!... One, two, three!

N.: no result.

Together: Oh, it's too big for us!

N.: And they have a cat, Murka by name. She is a very good mother for her kittens. She takes care of them and plays with them.

cat: Kittens, come here! (counts the kittens. One is missing. The dog finds and brings him. Dance of the kittens. Then all the kittens stand in a row. The cat plays with them.)

hands up,
hands down,
hands on hips,
Sit down.

Nick and Andy,
sugar and candy,
I say stand up!

Thanks, sit down!

Nick and Andy,
sugar and candy,
I say run around!
………………..

dog: Cat, Cat, help us, please!

cat: Sorry, kittens, I'm busy. run away.

All right, dog. I'm coming.

N.: The cat by the dog, the dog by the granddaughter, the granddaughter by the grandmother, the grandmother by the grandfather, the grandfather by the turnip. Pull the turnip.

Together: One, two, three!.. One, two, three!

N: no result.

Together: Oh, it's too big for us!

Hickory, dickory, dock!
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck one,
The mouse ran down
Hickory, dickory, dock!

cat: Mouse, Mouse, come here! Help us please!

I am a mouse
You are a cat;
One, two, three
You catch me!

cat: No, I don't. Help us please!

mouse: What's the matter?

cat: This turnip is very big for us, we can't pull it out!

mouse: OK.

Together: One, two, three!.. One, two, three!

turnip: Here I am!

All together: Oh! What a big turnip we have!

All together sing:

gaily dancing round the ring,
Round the ring, round the ring,
While we all together sing
And clap our hands in time.

(Verse repeated 2x)

The Turnip

Dramatization of the fairy tale "Turnip" for students in grades 2,

students on the course of M. Z. Biboletova and others. "Enjoy English"

Compiled

English teacher

Kharlamova S. A.

Purpose: to instill interest in learning a foreign language.

Tasks:

Increasing motivation to learn English and the formation of cognitive activity;

Expanding horizons, knowledge about the folklore of the country of the language being studied;

All-round development of the personality, including the emotional and spiritual spheres;

Education of the ability to work in a team, responsibility, diligence and discipline;

Integration with other subjects (music oh);

Development of creative abilities;

Education of a culture of communication;

Development of the ability to apply the acquired knowledge and skills in a specific situation;

Generalizing repetition of the material covered for the first year of study;

Involvement in the creative process of all students in the class, taking into account the individual abilities of each.

The presentation covers the following topics from curriculum:

Greetings

Animals

Verbs of motion

Verb Can

verb to be

1. Weather (optional)

Scenery: rustic fence, stumps.

Props: animal masks for farm animals, costumes for old MacDonald (hat, boots, belt), his wife (headscarf, apron), garden tools for heroes, a modern gadget for granddaughter.

Musical accompaniment:

"Minus" of two compositions: "I'm a little tea-pot" and "Old McDonald had a farm".

The song "How's the weather?" from super simple songs

Staging progress:

Behind the wicker fence are actors portraying pets. They all sing together an English song about old MacDonald.

Altogether: Old McDonald had a farm

E-I-E-I-O

And on that farm he had some ducks(pigs, cows, dogs, cats, horses)

E-I-E-I-O

With a quack-quack here and a quack-quack there

Here quack, there quack, everywhere quack-quack

Old McDonald had a farm

E-I-E-I-O

Old McDonald comes out with a basket of seeds. Typical American farmer.

Old McDonald's: I want to plant a turnip!

Seetrapquinsings:
Grow, grow very quickly.

Grow, grow very big.

Then the granddaughter and wife come out to him, they sing a song together, using a finger game.

Each line has its own movement.

I plant a seed in the cold, cold ground. (show how seeds are sown)

Out comes the yellow sun, big and round. (circular movement of hands, as if the sun is coming out)

Down come the raindrops soft and slow. (smooth up and down movements, imitation of rain)

Up comes the turnip, and grow, grow, grow! (hands up like a grain sprouts)

Farmers look up at the sky. Thunder rumbles are heard.

Old McDonald's: How's the weather?

granny: How's the weather?

Granddaughter: How's the weather?

Everyone sings a songHow's the weather?

The actors leave, a turnip appears from behind the fence.

The turnip:(growing up)

I grow very quickly.
I grow, look at me.
I grow very quickly.
I grow, you can see.

The old man comes out

Old McDonald's: - I'm very glad! Now I'll pull it out the ground!
1,2,3….
I cannot do it. Granny, come here!

Old MacDonald's wife comes out.

Old McDonald's: Can you help me?
granny: Of course I can!
Together: - 1,2,3…Pull, pull, pull out. Don't fall on the ground!
We cannot do it.
granny:
- Granddaughter, come here!

The granddaughter comes out in headphones, dancing.

granny:
Hello!How are you?

Granddaughter:

I'm fine, thank you!

granny:
Little girl, little girl, wheredo you go?

Granddaughter: I go to see my grandma

I love and miss her so!

Wow! What a big turnip!!!

granny: Can you help us?

Granddaughter: Of course I can
Together : 1, 2, 3…Pull, pull, pull out. Don't fall on the ground!

Granddaughter : dog, come here!!!

The dog comes out.

Granddaughter:

Hello! How are you?

dog: I'm great, thank you!

dog: I amapretty, little dog,

I can bark but cannot talk.

I am strong and like to play

In the garden every day.

Granddaughter: Can you help us?

dog: Of course I can!
Together:

dog: Cat, come here!

The cat comes out.

dog: Hello! How are you?

cat: I'm wonderful!

cat: I am a nice and funny cat.

I sleep on my green mat.

I'm white and gray

With you I like to play.
dog: Can you help us?

cat: Of course I can!

Together: 1,2,3…Pull, pull, pull out. Don't fall on the ground!

The mouse appears.

mouse: Pea-pea-pea!
All: Who are you?

Mouse: I am a mouse.

cat: Have you got a house?

Mouse: I am a poor little mouse

I have no house!

Can I help you?
All:- Of course!
Together: 1,2,3…Pull, pull, pull out. And fall on the ground!

The turnip rises to its full height:

The turnip: Here I am!

The melody from “Old McDonald had a farm” sounds. The actors come out to bow.

The end.

TURNIP.The Turnip

Village courtyard. Fence in the background on the left. Behind him is a sunflower. On the right is a bed, a wide brown strip of paper laid on edge (Ripka sits behind the strip). Early morning. Music. Sounds of nature.

Farmer Joe enters.

Joe: Hello, my name is Joe. In May I planted a turnip and now it's high time to pull it out.

Joe: (Joe walks up to the turnip, leans over and tries to pull it out of the ground): The turnip is too big. (claps hands) One, two, three. I love my wife and my wife loves me. Rosie! Rosie! Please! Help me!

The farmer's wife, Rosie, enters.

Rosie: Hey, I'm Rosie. I love my husband and my husband loves me.

Together(together): One, Two, Three. Pull and pull! We can't pull it out! (pull turnip)

Rosie: The turnip is too big.

Joe: (straightening up and wiping sweat off his forehead) One, Two, Three. (claps hands) I like my dog ​​and my dog ​​likes me. Doggie, Doggie, please, help me!

dog: I'm the dog.

My name is Jack.

My ears are white.

My nose is black.

together (together): One, two, three. Pull and pull! We can't pull it out! (John, Rosie and Jack try to pull the turnip together)

dog: The turnip is too big.

Rosie: One, two, three. I love my granddaughter and my granddaughter loves me. Lizzie, Lizzie, please help me.

Lizzie runs out onto the stage.

Lizzy: Hi, I'm Lizzy, I love my grandmother and my grandmother loves me.

together (together): One, two, three. Pull and pull! We can't pull it out! (They all try to pull out the turnip together)

Lizzie: The turnip is too big. One, two, three. I like my cat and my cat likes me. Pussy, Pussy, please help me.

A cat runs onto the stage.

cat: I'm a cat.

I don't like rats.

When they sit on the mats.

together (together):

cat: The turnip is too big. One, Two, tree. I like mice. Mice don't like me…But Mouse, Mouse, please help me.

A mouse runs out onto the stage.

mouse: I'm a brave and funny mouse.

I am marching through the house.

All day long I dance and sing.

I'm not afraid of anything.

together (together): One, Two, Tree. Pull and pull! We can't pull it out! Everyone is trying to pull the turnip

Joe: The turnip is too big. Let's try again. Pull the turnip again.

Rosie: Wow! We have done it!

The turnip gets up and comes out from behind the garden.

turnip: Hi! I am Turnip!

Everyone sings the song "The more we get together"

Lyrics

The more we get together

Together, together

The more we get together

The happy we'll be.

The more we get together

The happy we'll be.

Oh, the more we get together

Together, together

The more we get together

The happy we'll be.

There's Chris and Tanya

Source teksty-pesenok.ru

And Jason and Jusitn.

The more we get together

The happy we'll be.

(Ok, are you ready to sing now?)

The more we get together

Together, together

The more we get together

The happy we'll be.

'Cause your friends are my friends,

And my friends are your friends.

The more we get together

Sections: Extracurricular work

Children are inquisitive and begin to learn a foreign language with interest, which is something new and unusual for them, so for successful language learning it is important to keep this interest as long as possible. To this end, we have set ourselves the task of immersing children in the atmosphere of the theater, while developing their speech and cognitive abilities, relying on speech experience, both in their native and in a foreign language, to create a positive attitude towards the further study of foreign languages, to arouse interest in life and culture of other countries.

Theatricalization techniques are aimed not only at the development of the main types of speech activity, but also at the formation of associative thinking, memory, communication skills in a team, and the student's creative initiative.

Dramatization contributes to better memorization and assimilation of various grammatical phenomena, expansion of vocabulary, development of monologue and dialogic speech.

In the teaching of foreign languages, considerable attention is paid to the use of theatrical performances, which serve not only as entertainment for children, but also as a means of teaching the language, and one of the main ways to develop creativity and imagination.

Theatricalization is an effective method of teaching a foreign language, which, of course, includes traditional methods: familiarization, training, application, with the only difference in the motivation of the child. In traditional teaching, these methods set the task of mastering lexical and grammatical material, and in theatricalization, the main task for the child is a successfully played role in the play. An accompanying method is control, including correction, again from the position of the “director” of the play, and not the teacher. A very important point in theatrical productions is that children, playing a certain role, reincarnating as a character, completely liberate themselves and, even making obvious mistakes in speech, do not get lost, but only refer to the fact that the mistake was made not by them, but by those characters. that they play.

Drama is closer than any other kind of creativity, directly related to the game. This is the greatest value of a children's theatrical production.

The basic law of children's creativity is that its value should be seen not only in the result, but also in the process itself. What matters is what children create, create. They develop creative imagination, which they can embody in the performance.

The use of theatricalization in teaching a foreign language sets the following goals:

• the formation of communication skills in children in a foreign language;
• the ability to use a foreign language to achieve their goals, express thoughts and feelings, in real situations of communication;
• upbringing of an active - creative and emotional-aesthetic attitude to the word through the preparation and staging of performances

.

When teaching a foreign language through theatricalization, we are successfully guided by the same principles that distinguish famous practicing teachers: M.Z. Biboletova, I.N. Vereshchagina, G.V. Rogova, E.I. Negnevitskaya, Z.I. Nikitenko:

1. The principle of collective interaction
2. The principle of accessibility and affordability
3. Activity principle
4. The principle of maximum convergence, coordination in mastering different types of speech activity
5. The principle of visibility
6. The principle of the strength of the assimilation of lexical material.

It should also be noted that dramatization helps to overcome the passivity of those children for whom learning a language in itself is a difficult and incomprehensible (in their opinion) task. During the preparation and holding of theatrical performances, such children find themselves in an atmosphere of easy communication and friendly atmosphere, thereby subconsciously striving to contribute to the common cause, which, of course, is impossible without the use of knowledge and skills acquired during a foreign language class.

Experience has shown that theatricalization in English classes helps to increase the level of knowledge and skills acquired by children in the learning process.

Theatrical performances are not an end in themselves, but only serve as an interest in mastering the program material, helping to create a situation in which the desire for speech activity is far ahead of the language capabilities of children, thereby creating exceptionally favorable conditions for the assimilation of new knowledge, the development of skills in the use of new speech units in speech.

For successful assimilation of lexical material during the preparation of the performance, it is necessary:

• familiarization of children not with isolated words, but with groups of words connected by semantic and phonetic association;
• formation of a motive for getting acquainted with the words of a given semantic group;
• interpretation of vocabulary through a system of games, rather than mechanical memorization of words from a list;
• the inclusion of new words in the system of relations that has already developed between words known to children and their groups;
• coordinated acquaintance with lexical material and those grammatical operations that allow you to introduce it into speech activity.

It is also necessary to take into account the communicative significance of staging for children and the objective complexity of the material being memorized.

Thus, theatricalization, perceived by children as a game, becomes one of the main activities, especially for younger students.

Literature

1. Bibaletova M.Z., Dobrynina N.V. English for kids.-M.-1994
2. Vereshchagina I.N. English for children, M: "Enlightenment" - 1993
3. Nikitenko Z.N., Negnevitskaya E.I. Book for an English teacher for grade 2-M - 2004

turnip

Characters:

1. turnip
2. grandma
3. Granddaughter
4. Dog
5. Cat
6. kittens
7. mouse
8. Narrator
9. Fruit:
   Cherries, grapes, lemon, plum, strawberry.

Stage director - Lyubetskaya L.I.

Assistant Director and Choreographer - Shalabaeva S.A.

Each character enters the stage with musical accompaniment.

turnip

Narrator: Once upon a time, there lived an old man and an old woman. They lived in the village of Redkino. Everybody knew them because the Grandfather was the most famous gardener all over the region. He grew the best fruit in the village. His plums were very juicy in his orchard. His grapes were very ripe. His strawberries were the most beautiful and sweet as sugar. His cherries were always sweet too. The Grandfather was the only man in the village who had lemons in his orchard. The Grandfather was very proud of his orchard. (At this time, when the narrator reads his text, the fruits on the stage show their fruity virtues.)

But one day he decided to start growing vegetables. And he goes to the kitchen-garden and plants a turnip.

(After the grandfather planted the turnip, he lies down on the bench - he sleeps. The fruits are around the turnip and it appears on the stage. The fruits call the grandfather.)

grandfather: Oh, what a big turnip we have in our kitchen garden. I want to pull it out.

N.: Pulls the turnip.

grandfather: One, two, three! It is too big for me.

N.: Calls the Grandmother.

grandfather: Granny, come here! Help me, please!

N.: The Grandmother is very bright spark. She likes to sing and dance. She never looks sad.

grandmother: What's the matter?

grandfather: Help me, please!

grandmother: All right, grandfather.

N.: Grandmother by Grandfather, Grandfather by the turnip.Pull the turnip.

grf. And Grm.:

N.: no result.

grf. Grm.: Oh, it's too big for us!

N.: Grandmother calls the Granddaughter.

They have a Granddaughter, Kate by name. She is a very kind girl, she always helps her Grandparents.

Granddaughter:(with skipping-rope):

Over my head and under my toes
That's the way my skipping-rope goes,
I can skip slowly, I can skip fast
Look, my rope is whirling past.

I can count and you? Let's count with me! I skip one. (audience counts with her). I skip two…I skip three…I skip four…I skip five…I skip six…I skip seven…I skip eight…I skip nine…I skip ten. All right.

Grandmother: Granddaughter, Granddaughter, come here, help us, please!

Granddaughter: All right, Granny. I'm coming.

N.: Granddaughter by Grandmother, Grandmother by Grandfather, Grandfather by the Turnip. Pull the turnip.

grf. grm. Grd.: One, two, three!.. One, two, three!

N.: no result.

grf. grm. Grd.: Oh, it's too big for us!

N.: Granddaughter calls the dog.

Grd.: Dog, Dog, come here, help us, please!

N.: They also have a dog. He is a very clever dog. He guards the house and his master.

DOG: I am a dog, my name is Jack.
My nose is nice, my coat is black.

What's the matter?

Granddaughter: Jack, Jack, help us, please!

dog: All right, Granddaughter.

N.: Dog by Granddaughter, Granddaughter by Grandmother, Grandmother by Grandfather, Grandfather by the Turnip.Pull the turnip.

Together: One, two, three!... One, two, three!

N.: no result.

Together: Oh, it's too big for us!

N.: And they have a cat, Murka by name. She is a very good mother for her kittens. She takes care of them and plays with them.

cat: Kittens, come here! (counts the kittens. One is missing. The dog finds and brings him. Dance of the kittens. Then all the kittens stand in a row. The cat plays with them.)

hands up,
hands down,
hands on hips,
Sit down.

Nick and Andy,
sugar and candy,
I say stand up!

Thanks, sit down!

Nick and Andy,
sugar and candy,
I say run around!
………………..

dog: Cat, Cat, help us, please!

cat: Sorry, kittens, I'm busy. run away.

All right, dog. I'm coming.

N.: The cat by the dog, the dog by the granddaughter, the granddaughter by the grandmother, the grandmother by the grandfather, the grandfather by the turnip. Pull the turnip.

Together: One, two, three!.. One, two, three!

N: no result.

Together: Oh, it's too big for us!

Hickory, dickory, dock!
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck one,
The mouse ran down
Hickory, dickory, dock!

cat: Mouse, Mouse, come here! Help us please!

I am a mouse
You are a cat;
One, two, three
You catch me!

cat: No, I don't. Help us please!

mouse: What's the matter?

cat: This turnip is very big for us, we can't pull it out!

mouse: OK.

Together: One, two, three!.. One, two, three!

turnip: Here I am!

All together: Oh! What a big turnip we have!

All together sing:

gaily dancing round the ring,
Round the ring, round the ring,
While we all together sing
And clap our hands in time.

(Verse repeated 2x)