Sentences with conjunctions before, before, before. Comma before the conjunction as All before

Before as

Before as

union

Used when attaching a subordinate part of a complex sentence, the action of which follows the action of the main part; before, before.


Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000.


See what “Before Before” is in other dictionaries:

    before as- conjunction Syntactic constructions beginning with the conjunction “before” are highlighted with punctuation marks. In this case, the first punctuation mark can be placed either before a compound conjunction or between its parts. About the factors influencing the placement of signs... ...

    meanwhile(,) as- conjunction Syntactic constructions beginning with the conjunction “while” are distinguished by punctuation marks. In this case, the first punctuation mark is often placed before the conjunction, and not between its parts. For factors influencing punctuation, see... Dictionary-reference book on punctuation

    How to properly wash vegetables and fruits- Everyone knows that any vegetables, fruits and berries must be washed thoroughly. Thanks to this procedure, soil, dust, and sand are removed from the fruit. In addition, washing products allows you to remove pesticides that were used to treat the plant during the process... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

    I. pronoun. adv. 1. How. How do I find out your new address? How did it happen? How are you? Here's how to do it. / (in question sentence). in function tale What is (your, your) name? What is (your, your) last name? 2. To what extent, how much... encyclopedic Dictionary

    How to survive an avalanche- Before heading to the mountains, rescuers advise registering a tourist group and route. This is necessary so that in the event of an emergency, the Ministry of Emergency Situations knows exactly where to look for the missing group. In addition, before going on a trip, you must... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

    How to get a credit card- Before you get a credit card, you need to prepare a package of documents. To receive a card with a minimum limit, a passport and an application filled out at the bank are enough. If a larger amount is needed, you will have to provide... ... Banking Encyclopedia

    Adverb, particle and conjunction. I. adv. 1. interrogative. Indicates a question about circumstances, image, method of action: how? [Chatsky:] Ah! how to comprehend the game of fate? Griboedov, Woe from Wit. How did this putty get into his pocket? Chekhov, Steppe.… … Small academic dictionary

    I. IN FRONT, IN FRONT; pretext. by whom than. 1. Usage when indicating an object, place, etc., opposite which from the front side is who, what l., what happens. Stop in front of the house. Stand in front of the flowerbed. Stand before your eyes (introduce yourself... encyclopedic Dictionary

    before- before 1) used. when indicating an object, place, etc., opposite which from the front side is who, what l., what happens. Stop in front of the house. Stand in front of the flowerbed. Stand before your eyes (introduce yourself, feel, remember what... Dictionary of many expressions

    And before, a preposition with creativity. p. 1. Used when indicating an object, place, etc., opposite which or at some distance from the front side of which there is someone, something, something happening. The chaise, having entered the yard, stopped in front of... ... Small academic dictionary

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  • How to understand watercolor. A Guide for Those Who Want to Become a Master, Hoffmann Vol. About the book The beauty of watercolor painting is in the translucent layers, in the lightness of the stroke and transparent wash. It can be difficult to achieve in practice what gives watercolor paintings their unique...

§ 2971. Sentences with conjunctions before (,) as, before (,) as, before (sooner than) are united by a formal feature that distinguishes them from sentences with the conjunction not yet: when denoting situations expected, upcoming, the position of the subordinate clause in them can occupy infinitive construction: According to rumors, before becoming a correspondent for the industrial American press, the guest was a major engineer (Leon.); Before putting his memories on paper, Repin told them to several people - me, my family, random guests (K. Chuk.); Before speaking in a large and unfamiliar audience, I needed to talk to myself (A. Kron).

There is no subjective extender with the infinitive if the identity of the subjects of the action is assumed in both situations. If there is no such identity, then the subject of the action in the infinitive is represented by the form of dates. p.: Before the river melted, Aunt Pelageya Dmitrievna came to us (Lesk.).

§ 2972. In its most general form, the sign of precedence is expressed by the union before: Valya had to accompany her father before it began to get light (Fad.); You are the first to start communicating with the audience. Your voice sounds even before the music starts (Alexin).

In sentences with conjunctions before and before as, the sign of precedence can be specified by indicating the presence of an interval between situations. This information relies on lexical specifiers immediately preceding the conjunction. Some of these specifiers define the interval in terms of its duration (long ago, shortly, immediately, etc.), others only state the absence of temporary contact between situations (still, already): I remember that even before I started shaving, I trimmed my mustache with scissors (Olesha ); Even before Kirill said: “This is Liza, meet me,” Vera Nikandrovna looked at her with that all-seeing... look that only mothers look at, examining a girl who can shake everything and confuse everything in the fate of her son (Fed.); Batyuk left for Moscow by train a day before Serpilin arrived to replace him (Simon.); Stanislavsky understood that creativity begins long before the actor appears on the stage in a role (Yu. Zavadsky).

§ 2973. In sentences with a conjunction before, the temporary proximity of situations or their direct contact is expressed. As specifiers, only words that indicate immediate or close precedence are used (immediately before; just before; at the last moment before): And here’s what happened at the last minute before I followed Elizabeth entered the hallway (Fad.); He jumped out of the house at the very last moment before the roof collapsed (V. Ilyenkov); Chaliapin quite calmly walked onto the stage and took his place at the table just before the curtain went up (N. Cherkasov).

Information about the absence of an interval, i.e. about the direct contact of situations, can be conveyed in sentences with the conjunction before with the help of a specificator up to: Fyodor Ivanovich was a strong man, the permanent chairman of our small collective farmer until he joined the enlarged farm of a large collective farm (V. Prishvina).

§ 2974. Unlike sentences with conjunctions before, before, in sentences with the conjunction before the precedence is not specified by indicating the interval: He needs, before putting his hands on the elbows, to consider and understand where he puts them, on what leans (Stanisl.); Next, it is necessary to explain by what laws I developed before I became what I am at this stage (Shuksh.).

The duration of the preceding period can be indicated by the main part of the construction: it reports what period of time precedes the onset of the situation referred to in the subordinate part: A year and a half passed after this conversation before Pavel Petrovich decided to carry out his intention (Turg.) ; At least a month passed before trouble began (Kataev); It will still be a long time before we have the right to recommend this remedy for mass use (journal).

In those sentences in which the precedence relation is not complicated by an additional meaning, the conjunction before (earlier than) is synonymous with the conjunctions before, before: I came to the room allotted to me and stood in front of the window for a long time before I undressed and went to bed ( Turg.); Before writing the first letter, Vanka looked timidly at the doors and windows several times (Czech); Before moving on to Chernyshevsky’s ideas about the social role of art, I will stop at his definition of the tragic (A. Lunacharsky); And even before Seryozha could see what it was, he realized from the chatter that filled the steppe that it was a detachment of motorcyclists moving (Fad.).

Note. The union before is outdated in modern usage. It is noted in the literature of the 19th century: Before university friends scattered throughout the world, they gathered at Beltov, on the eve of his departure (Hertz.); But before continuing my story, I will ask the reader to take a closer look at Arina Petrovna Golovleva and her marital status (S.Shch.).

The semantic specificity of the conjunction is first revealed in constructions that contain contextually determined information about the internal connection between situations. In these cases, the conjunction before cannot always be replaced by the conjunction before or before. The use of before is preferable in the following cases.

1) The situation in the main sentence prevents, cancels the subsequent situation: The umbrella slipped out of her hands. She hastily caught him before he fell onto the path (Turg.); He gently hugged the crazy janitor and put him out the door before he realized what had happened (Ilf and Peter.). Information about a failed action can be conveyed by the verb to have time in combination with the conjunction before: The handkerchief slid across Lisa’s knees, Lavretsky caught it before it had time to fall to the floor (Turg.); She left before Samghin, outraged by her tone, managed to tell her that he was not Dmitry’s tutor (Gorky); But what sensitive birds these are! Every time they fly away before I have time to approach them and shoot an arrow (I. Aramilev).

Note. The use of the form of the verb to have time in these conditions turns out to be unfree: the combination “before I had time + infinitive” indicates the unrealization of the action named by the infinitive. Such sentences are equivalent to sentences of a related structure, formalized by the combination did not have time... how (see § 2992–2995).

2) The main part contains an argument motivating the inexpediency and unjustification of the action planned for implementation, which is reported in the subordinate clause: However, before condemning Tredyakovsky, we must nevertheless remember the terrible school of life that he had to go through, the position of a jester in which he life consisted (A. Lunacharsky).

3) The situation presented in the subordinate clause may not be realized, since it is made dependent on a potential fact: Learn the basics of science before trying to climb to its heights (I. Pavlov); Before you pick up a weapon, you need to know how to handle it (Simon.); You need to know something yourself before teaching others (Trif.); Before a tourist receives permission to go ashore on this paradise island, he must present a paid return ticket (L. Gorlina).

One of the most common in high school is the comma before "what", "how" and in other words in structures that are connected with them. This happens, some authors of school textbooks call all constructions with these words a comparative phrase.

In fact "How" can act as a conjunction or particle. And such a construction is not always a comparative turnover. In some cases it is a circumstance.

The design acts as:

  • Predicate: The whole world is like an exciting adventure.
  • Definitions or applications: The crocodile, as a rare animal, is listed in the Red Book.
  • Comparative turnover or circumstances: Life seethed like a waterfall of passions.
  • Introductory design: I decided to change my shirt, or chemise, as my mother would say.
  • Subordinate part: Living in the countryside is as difficult as describing the smell of freshly cut grass in words..

Difference and other combinations

Comma before "How" is placed in the following cases:

1) If the combination means exclusively likening, i.e. it means "like" and no longer has any other meanings. This construction is called a comparative phrase and acts as a circumstance in a sentence. For example: Vasily, like a hero, defended his friend. But it is necessary to pay attention to the point that the comparative phrase is not separated by commas if it is in the middle of the sentence. In this case, the part of the sentence to which this construction relates is emphasized. For example: At the ball, Anna, in love like a passionate girl, looked into the eyes of her chosen one. In this sentence, comparative turnover is not separated from "lover" a comma only because these words have a semantic connection. If there is a comma before the word "How", then it will come out “looked like a passionate lioness”, but the sentence has a completely different meaning.

2) If the combination is used together with the conjunction “and”. This construction is also called a comparative phrase and acts as a circumstance in a sentence: Peter, like everyone else in the class, treated me well.

Applications

In order to prevent another mistake, it is necessary to decide which member of the sentence the combination we are interested in is and what words it is associated with:

1) In the case when used before a combination of words “so”, “that”, “such”, “so” and many others. Such constructions are applications, and in a sentence they act as a definition. For example: He usually did not watch films such as horror or thrillers.

2) The combination has the meaning of causality. Usually it is an application, and in a sentence it acts as a definition. For example: The doctor, as a good specialist, paid a lot of attention to sick patients. This sentence shows the reason in combination "good specialist". The doctor paid a lot of attention to sick patients because he was a good specialist. But do not confuse the application with comparative turnover. A comparative phrase is the likening of one object to another. And an application is when an object is called completely differently .

3) The conjunction is part of the expression "nothing else"; "no one else". For example: This event is nothing more than a pre-planned action. The construction given in this sentence is a nominal compound predicate. And we see that this member of the sentence is separated by a comma.

Introductory structures

In some sentences, combinations are not members of the sentence, but appear. They must be separated with commas on both sides.

1) The conjunction is combined with the following words: “now”, “now”, “before”, “always”, “usually”, “exception”, “rule”, “on purpose” and others. These combinations act as introductory words that are not any members of the sentence. For example: As if on purpose, they were in no hurry to go home.

2) The conjunction is part of the introductory sentence. For example: As Katerina correctly noted, the road was especially difficult. This sentence is simple, despite the presence of two grammatical stems. It’s just complicated by the introductory structure. In this case, the construction that contains this conjunction is an introductory sentence. The narrator names the source of the information. The combination is separated by commas.

Comparative phrase and incomplete subordinate clause

Before deciding whether a comma is needed before "How", you need to understand exactly what the difference is between a comparative clause and an incomplete subordinate clause. It can be seen in the following example: Nowhere have I felt as good as at home. In this case, the second part is an incomplete subordinate clause. Also, do not confuse the subordinate clause, which is a one-part sentence, with a comparative phrase: Write stories like thisIt’s as difficult as describing the sound of music in words. The second part is a one-part impersonal

Connection with the predicate

There are many examples where a comma comes before "How" not put:

1) The combination is part of the predicate: Time flew by very quickly, the day felt like one hour. The comparative particle is part of the predicate and is emphasized along with it.

2) The word has a semantic connection with the predicate: The meeting flew by in a flash, and I didn’t even have time to come to my senses. In this case, the comma before "How" is not placed because the entire combination with it is a predicate, and the word itself is a comparative particle. Without it, the predicate would lose its true meaning. This award was like a gift from above. This combination also acts as a predicate, because without it the sentence completely loses its meaning. And a comma before "How" that is why it is not installed.

Persistent expressions

Comma before conjunction "How" not placed if it is part of There are a great many such examples. After the meeting, we gained confidence in the future, because everything went like clockwork. In this case, the combination is part of a compound predicate, which in this sentence is expressed by a phraseological unit. Life should be valued and cherished like the apple of your eye. The combination is also part of a predicate, which is a persistent expression. That is why the use of different ones is unacceptable here.

A few more features of the use of punctuation marks...

To make the right decision, before "How" whether a comma is needed or not, you need to pay attention to some more nuances. Is there a particle in front of this word? "Not" or these words: “simple”, “exactly”, “exactly”, “absolutely” or "almost". If they are used, then there is no need to put a comma. In this case, such a construction will be called a comparative phrase, and in the sentence it will act as a circumstance. For example: Nikolai always behaved with dignity, he acted exactly like a real man. If the combination means "in role", then the comma is also omitted: He spoke at the meeting as a mathematics teacher. This sentence means that the person acted as a mathematics teacher. In fact, he may not be one.

We see that there are quite a few nuances in the use of the comma. You need to pay special attention to them, and then you can easily and simply avoid serious mistakes.

A comma is placed before the conjunction HOW in three cases:

1. If this conjunction is included in phrases that are close in their role in the sentence to the introductory words, for example: AS A RULE, AS AN EXCEPTION, AS A CONSEQUENCE, AS ALWAYS, AS NOW, AS ON PURPOSE, AS FOR EXAMPLE, AS NOW: In the morning, as if on purpose, it started to rain;

2. If this conjunction connects parts of a complex sentence, for example: We watched for a long time as the coals of the fire smoldered;

3. If the sentence contains a circumstance expressed by a comparative phrase that begins with the conjunction HOW, for example: Her voice rang like the smallest bell;

Please note: if the sentence continues after the phrase with the conjunction HOW, then you need to put another comma at the end of the clause. For example: Below, the water shone like a mirror; We watched for a long time as the coals of the fire smoldered, unable to tear ourselves away from this spectacle.

The phrases with the conjunction HOW are not isolated in five cases:

1. If the phrase with the conjunction HOW in a sentence acts as an adverbial circumstance of the course of action, for example: The path twisted like a snake. In such cases, the phrase with HOW can be replaced with an adverb (IN SNAKE) or a noun in the instrumental case (SNAKE). Unfortunately, the circumstances of the course of action cannot always be distinguished with complete confidence from the circumstances of comparison.

2. If the phrase with the conjunction HOW is part of a phraseological unit, for example: During lunch she sat as if on pins and needles;

3. If a phrase with the conjunction HOW is part of the predicate and a sentence without such a phrase does not have a complete meaning, for example: She behaves like a mistress;

4. If the conjunction HOW stands between the subject and the predicate (without this conjunction a dash would have to be placed there), for example: The lake is like a mirror;

5. If the comparative phrase is preceded by the negation NOT or the particle AT ALL, COMPLETELY, ALMOST, LIKE, EXACTLY, EXACTLY, SIMPLY, for example: They don't do everything like neighbors or Her hair is curly just like her mother's;

In addition, we must remember that the word AS can be part of the compound conjunction AS... SO AND... or SO AS, as well as phrases SINCE AS, SINCE THE TIME AS, AS LESS (MORE) POSSIBLE, etc. In this case, naturally, a comma is not placed before HOW, for example: All the windows, both in the manor's house and in the servants' rooms, are wide open.(Saltykov-Shchedrin). He didn’t take cutlets with him for breakfast and now he regretted it, since he was already hungry(According to Chekhov).

Exercise

    I would have heard the door opening.

    She was pale with some kind of Hindu pallor, the moles on her face became darker, the blackness of her hair and eyes seemed even blacker (Bunin).

    And is this really how Paris lived now? (Bunin).

    Well, I’ll help, father, just don’t blame me if it doesn’t turn out as planned.

    I rarely visited “noble” houses, but in the theater I was like one of my own - and I ate a lot of pies from pastry shops (Turgenev).

    When I went to bed, I, I don’t know why, turned around on one leg three times, put on lipstick, lay down and slept like a log all night (Turgenev).

    It will sound and whine like a string, but don’t expect a song from it (Turgenev).

    Everything about us is not like people! (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

    Now, wrapped in a cap and a cloak, from under which a rifle protruded, he rode with one murid, trying to be noticed as little as possible, carefully peering with his quick black eyes into the faces of the inhabitants he came across along the road (Tolstoy).

    Millions of people committed against each other such countless atrocities, deceptions, betrayals, thefts, forgeries and the issuance of false banknotes, robberies, arson and murders, which the chronicle of all the courts of the world will not collect for centuries and for which, during this period of time, people, those who committed them did not look at them as crimes (Tolstoy).

    The guests arrived out of the blue.

    A boy of about fifteen quickly came out of the door to meet him and stared in surprise at the newcomers with sparkling eyes as black as ripe currants (Tolstoy).

    While Hadji Murad was entering, an elderly, thin, thin woman came out of the inner door, wearing a red beshmet on a yellow shirt and blue trousers, carrying pillows. (Tolstoy).

    I did not accompany the captain as a servant. The clean spring air, compared to prison, also cheered her, but it was painful to step on the stones with feet unaccustomed to walking and shod in clumsy prison boots, and she looked at her feet and tried to step as lightly as possible (Tolstoy).

    One of them, the most extravagant, was that I wanted to go to him, explain myself to him, confess everything to him, frankly tell him everything and assure him that I did not act like a stupid girl, but with good intentions (Dostoevsky).

    So I studied and studied, but ask me how a person should live, I don’t even know (Tolstoy).

    These experiments could have been carried out either a month earlier or a month later.

    The streets between the houses were narrow, crooked and deep, like cracks in a rock (Andreev).

    Amateurs use this fish as a natural clock in a room aquarium (According to V. Matizen).

    In the west, the sky is greenish and transparent all night, and there, on the horizon_ as it is now_, something is smoldering and smoldering... (Bunin).

    Rostov felt how, under the influence of the hot rays of love... that childish smile blossomed on his soul and face, which he had never smiled with since he left home (Tolstoy).

    There were people in the carriage like sardines in a barrel.

    It contains irony, not as a style feature or technique, but as part of the author’s general worldview (Lakshin).

    When Stepan Trofimovich, already ten years later, conveyed this sad story to me in a whisper, having first locked the doors, he swore to me that he was so dumbfounded then on the spot that he did not hear or see how Varvara Petrovna disappeared (Dostoevsky).

    But the eyes don’t seem to be stupid and shiny, like Maria Kresse’s (Bulgakov).

    “If they knew that you wanted this, the holiday would be cancelled,” said the prince, out of habit, like a wound clock, saying things that he did not want to be believed (Tolstoy).

    Armande was already beginning to despair when the local curé, François Loiseau, arrived from Auteuil and became friends with Moliere while he was living in Auteuil (Bulgakov).

    But before they had time to rise, a bell rang impatiently behind the doors upstairs (Bulgakov).

    “Torment,” he said, “them: now their prayer book is gone,” and he galloped past; and behind this stratopedarch are his warriors, and behind them, like a flock of skinny spring geese, are boring shadows, and everyone nods to the ruler sadly and pitifully, and everyone quietly moans through their crying: “Let him go! “He alone prays for us” (Leskov).

    Seeing this, people stopped dead in their tracks. “We've eaten enough, my dears! We celebrated the winter, but by spring our stomachs were sagging!” - Porfiry Vladimirych is reasoning with himself, and he, as if on purpose, had just brought all the accounts of last year’s field farming into clarity (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

    As if on purpose, he didn’t come today, and I still have a whole terrible night ahead of me! (Bunin).

    Understand that this child whom you are now receiving in the Poklen house is none other than Mister de Molière! (Bulgakov).

    The bazaar is like another city within the city (Bunin).

    However, the consistent application of this method, which treats literature not as the fruit of organic creativity, but as a medium of cultural communication, eventually began to slow down the development of literary criticism (Epstein).

    Next to him she felt like she was behind a stone wall. He had been silent until now, and no one paid any attention to him, but now everyone looked back at him, and, probably, everyone wondered how he could still remain unnoticed (Leskov).

    Still young, handsome in appearance, with a fortune, gifted with many brilliant qualities, undoubted wit, taste, inexhaustible gaiety, he appeared not as a seeker of happiness and protection, but rather independently (Dostoevsky).

    Half of them even died, but they were not amenable to education: they stood in the yard - everyone was amazed and even shied away from the walls, but everyone just looked at the sky like birds with their eyes squinting (Leskov).

    He screams like an eagle: stop, I’ll shoot! (Bunin).

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