From this article you will learn interesting things about the sense organs and without which sense organ a person cannot live.

Interesting facts about the senses

The receptors that are responsible for the organs of touch are located not only in the skin, but also in the joints, mucous membranes and muscles.

If you touch the hands, then the person's blood pressure decreases, and the heart rate decreases.

The weight of the skin is 15% of body weight.

If a premature baby is stroked every day, he will gain weight 55% faster than a baby who was not touched.

There are 50 to 100 taste receptors on the tongue.

In West Africa, the so-called Magic Fruit grows, after eating which, all sour foods (such as lemons) will seem sweet in taste.

Taste buds live for about a week, after which they are renewed.

The nose grows throughout life. And ears too.

There are 14 nose shapes in the world, but the most common is the fleshy nose.

The very first sign of human aging is the drooping of the tip of the nose through collagen breakdown and gravity.

From birth, a person has 12 million olfactory receptors. But with age, they become smaller, so the elderly distinguish smells much worse.

In women, peripheral vision is better developed than in men.

The eye can distinguish about 500 shades of gray.

The iris of the eye is different for each person. It can be used for personal identification in the same way as fingerprints.

The human senses are the five functions of the body that allow us to cognize the world and respond in the most appropriate way. The eyes are responsible for sight, the ears are responsible for hearing, the nose is responsible for smell, the tongue is responsible for taste, and the skin is responsible for touch. Thanks to them, we receive information about the world around us, which is then analyzed and interpreted by the brain. Usually our reaction is to prolong pleasant sensations or to stop unpleasant ones.

Interesting facts about the human senses.

People receive information about the surrounding space with the help of six senses: ears, eyes, skin, tongue, nose and vestibular apparatus. The data received by each of them goes to nervous system.

More than half of the inhabitants of the Earth have diseases associated with the organs of vision.

It is believed that overeating adversely affects hearing.

Humans only taste solid food after it has interacted with saliva.

Women distinguish shades of odors better than men. In addition, the beautiful half of humanity hears much better than their defenders.

Approximately 2% of the world's population has no sense of smell.

The human memory is capable of storing memories of about 50,000 scents.

Loud noise provokes pupil dilation.

Each person has his own, unique smell - focusing on it, babies accurately determine their mother, and adults can find a suitable partner for them.

The sense of smell of dogs is almost a million times stronger than that of humans.

The ears are not only an organ of hearing, but also an important element of the vestibular system - simply, they help a person maintain balance.

A noise level of 45-50 decibels is considered favorable for human hearing - calm conversations are conducted at such a volume. Any sounds above this limit adversely affect the human body, including immune system.

The conventional wisdom about the benefits of carrots for vision is not entirely true - orange fruits do contain a lot of vitamin A, beneficial for the eyes, but eating carrots and excellent vision are not directly interconnected.

Most children are born with gray-blue eyes, which only after 2 years acquire their true color.

The rarest eye color in humans is green (only 2% of the inhabitants of the Earth are green-eyed).

All blue-eyed people descended from the same ancestor, in whose body a mutated gene arose about 6,000 years ago.

Approximately 1% of people have a different color of the iris in each eye.

Human eyes can distinguish up to 10 million color variations.

Perfumes are considered ideal for a person, the smell of which he does not feel.

The pattern of the iris of each person is no less unique than fingerprints or the shape of the auricles.

The human brain takes time to process signals from the senses, so everything that people feel at a certain moment actually refers to the previous moment of their life. The perception delay is about 100 milliseconds, but the brain somehow manages to compensate for it - the essence of this mechanism is not yet clear to scientists.

Signals from different sense organs enter the brain at different speeds, so that later the brain creates a single picture from them.

Scary events are sometimes perceived by people as a movie in slow motion, although in fact, frightening phenomena are simply recorded in more detail by the brain.

People who are blind from birth and become sighted only at a conscious age can perceive many things with distortion - since their brain does not know how to dispose of information unusual for it, former blind people see people moving away from them as decreasing in size figures.

If you wear glasses that turn space upside down for some time, then the brain adapts to this image. When a person takes off his glasses, the world will seem upside down for some time.

The human body is a complex mechanism. Each organ performs its own function. Thanks to the so-called sense organs, we see, hear, feel the taste and smell, and touch objects. With the help of eyes, ears, mouth, nose and skin, we have a complete picture of the world around us. Let's remember the various Interesting Facts about the human senses. You can tell a lot of interesting things about the human senses, therefore, for convenience, we structure the information into sections.

Facts about eyes and vision

Through the eyes we see the world around us. It has been established that thanks to vision, a person receives up to 80% of all information processed by the brain. What do we know about the work of these sense organs?

• The muscles that control the eyes are the most active in the human body.
• With open eyes, a person will not be able to sneeze.
• We blink about 17-25 times per minute.

• As for children, it is believed that the eyes are fully formed by the age of 7.
• About the structure of the eyes: the cornea is the only part of the human body that is not supplied with oxygen. And the eyes cannot freeze, because. they have no nerve endings.
• There are people who have eyes of different colors. This is about 1% of the world's population.
• Eyes more than other sense organs load the brain with work.

• The rarest eye color is green. On Earth, only 2% of people have green eyes.
• Approximately 2/3 of the entire population of the Earth cannot boast of excellent vision, in addition, it has been found that approximately 1/3 of all people cannot perfectly see objects at a distance of more than 6-7 m.
• Women have better lateral (peripheral) vision than men.
• Each person has an individual iris and therefore can be used for identification.

Facts about ears and hearing

“He who has ears, let him hear...” With the help of hearing, a person can freely communicate in society, perceive sound information and simply enjoy the sounds of nature or his favorite melody. A lot of interesting facts are also known about the structure and work of such a sensory organ as the ears.

• When we put a large shell to our ear, we hear not “the sound of the sea”, but the sound of our own blood that runs through the veins.

• Ears can grow throughout a person's life.
• Even when we sleep, our ears are working.
• Our ear is able to distinguish approximately 3000-4000 sounds of different frequencies.

• After a heavy meal, hearing deteriorates slightly.
• The ears are also organs of balance.
• A favorable sound background for a person is up to 50 decibels (an analogue of a quiet conversation), all sounds louder than 50 dB are already a noise load and can weaken the immune system.
• The most sensitive hearing is in childhood. Toddlers hear in the range from 20 to 20,000 Hertz, and adults only up to 15,000 Hertz.

Facts about tongue and taste

The human tongue is not only a part of the digestive system that helps chew food, but also an important part of the speech system. Without language, we would not be able to speak. So, what interesting facts about language as a sense organ do we know?

• The tongue is the most flexible part of the human body.
• It is the only organ capable of distinguishing tastes.
• There are about 5,000 taste buds on the surface of the tongue.

• About the structure: the tongue consists of only 16 muscles and is considered one of the weakest organs.
• Each tongue print is unique, just like fingerprints.
• Some people can roll their tongue into a tube.
• The color of the tongue helps the doctor determine the health status of the patient.

Facts about the nose and smell

About the nose, in addition to various facts, many more are known. folk sayings: “A curious Varvara’s nose was torn off at the market”, “Don’t poke your nose into other people’s affairs”, “The nose lifts up, but the wind walks in the head”, etc. But what can be said about the nose as a human sense organ.

• There are about 11 million olfactory cells in the nose.
• The shape of the nose is fully formed only by 10 years.
• The nose grows throughout life, though very slowly.

• The taste of food is determined not only by the mouth, but also by the nose.
• It has been observed that familiar smells once experienced can trigger memories.
• If necessary, a person is able to breathe with only one nostril.
• Pleasant smells relax the human nervous system.

• It is believed that women have a better sense of smell than men.
• 2% of people on Earth do not have a sense of smell.
• To say about a person that he has a “smell like a dog” is not entirely true - the human nose is able to remember about 50,000 smells, while the nose of a dog is millions of times more sensitive.

Facts about skin and touch

It has long been known that the skin is the largest organ of the human body. Its average area is 1.5 sq. m (depending on height and build), and the total weight is 2-3 kg. The skin not only warms or cools our body at the right time, but also protects it from damage, saturates the blood with oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. In addition, the skin is an important sensory organ with which we touch everything around. Let's read the facts about the skin.

• The enzyme melanin is responsible for skin color. The more it is produced, the darker the skin.
• People with a complete lack of melanin are called albinos.
• Up to 80-100 moles can be found on the human body.

• Insects most often bite the skin of the legs.
• The skin consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat (hypoderm).
• About once a month, the top layer of the skin is completely renewed.
• The thickest layer of skin is on the feet.

• The thinnest skin is on the eyelids and in the eardrum.
• About 500-600 ml of water is excreted through the skin daily.
• Dust in the room occurs, among other things, due to keratinization of the skin.
• The sense of touch is the first to appear in humans and the last to be lost.

The sense organs help us to live every day. When all organs work smoothly, we all see, hear and feel. If at least one of the organs begins to fail, a person's life becomes noticeably more complicated, not to mention the complete loss of any ability. Therefore, it is worth taking care of each of the sense organs in order to live fully.

Humans have five main senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Each of these organs has its own complex structure and functions. Knowing how the body and its sense organs are built is not only interesting, but also useful, if any violations occur, you will know what it is connected with.

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Organ 1: Eyes

With the help of the eyes, a person sees, which is undoubtedly very important, because without vision it is extremely difficult to have. Through the eyes, a person receives the largest amount of information from the outside world.

Description of the building

The eye consists of several important parts, namely:

1. The part that receives visual information is peripheral.
2. The paths along which the signal about what he saw moves: the optic nerves, the tract and the decussation.
3. Subcortical centers located in the brain.
4. Visual cortical centers located in the occipital lobes of the brain.

The peripheral part of the eye consists of:

1. Outer part:

• The sclera is the membrane of the eye that is made up of connective tissue. It gives the eye shape, muscles are attached to it. Its functions are to support and protect the eyeball.
• The pupil is the hole through which we see. Light passes through it and, depending on its intensity, the pupil narrows or expands reflexively.
• The anterior chamber is the moisture-filled space in front of the pupil that protects the eye.
• The iris is a movable thin diaphragm around the pupil that does not transmit light and contains pigment, due to which a person has a colored pupil. Due to the muscles of the diaphragm, a change in the size of the pupil occurs.
• The cornea is the convex outer part of the eye. Its important function is light refraction, and the cells in it are arranged in optical order, which allows light rays to pass through without distorting.
• The conjunctiva is the mucous membrane of the eye and eyelids that secretes tears. The function of the conjunctiva is to protect and moisturize the eye.
• The eyelids are the skin folds around the eye that distribute tear fluid over the eye and protect it from the ingress of various objects.
• The orbit is the bony receptacle of the eyeball, which also contains blood vessels, muscles and nerves.

2. Interior:

• The vitreous body is the largest part of the eye, consisting of hyaluronic acid and water. Collagen fibers pass through it. Functions - refraction of incoming light, maintaining the shape of the eye and turgor.
• The lens is a transparent body without vessels, located behind the pupil in front of the vitreous body. It has the shape of a lens and is powered by intraocular fluid. The main function is the focus of vision.
• The retina is a membrane consisting of many layers. It consists of photoreceptors - cones and rods. Cones are responsible for the perception of an object - its color and shape. Rods are responsible for the ability of a person to see in the light, twilight or in the dark.

3. Lacrimal apparatus of the eye:

• lacrimal gland;
• lacrimal ducts;
• nasolacrimal duct;
• lacrimal sac.

4. The muscular apparatus of the eye:

Functions

The main functions of the eye are:

• color perception;
• peripheral vision;
• light perception;
• stereoscopic vision;
• objective (central) vision.

The eyes are a complex optical system that transmits image information to the brain and serves the life support of a person.

Interesting Facts

• Women have better lateral (peripheral) vision than men.
• The human eye can distinguish up to 500 shades of gray.
• Each person has an individual iris, and therefore it can be used together with fingerprints for identification.
• The eyelids close automatically when sneezing, this reflex property helps to avoid rupture of the eye capillaries.
• It is impossible to perform a complete eye transplant, since it is impossible to restore the optic nerve and the endings that communicate with the brain.
• In 1 percent of people on the planet, the color of the iris of the right and left eyes is different.
• There are 150 eyelashes on the upper and lower eyelids of a person.
• Surprisingly, in 12 hours a person makes about 25 minutes of blinking.
• The least common are people with in green eyes, there are only 2 percent of the world's population.

Organ 2: Ear

The ear has the ability to perceive sounds, which is important for communicating with people around.

Description of the building

The ear consists of a central and peripheral part. The central part includes:

• nerve fibers that terminate in the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.

The peripheral part of the ear consists of:

1. Outer ear - collects sound, which then enters the ear canal to the eardrum. The outer ear includes:

• The auricle is a cartilaginous plate that is attached to the temporal part of the head with muscles and ligaments. There is no cartilage on the earlobe.
• The ear canal is a gap with a small gap, which acts as a sound amplifier. Contains sulfur and sebaceous glands. If a person is hard of hearing, he puts his palms to the auricle to amplify the sound.
• The eardrum is a thin sheet that separates the ear canal from the middle ear. Sound vibrations cause the eardrum to vibrate at the same frequency. As we age, the eardrum becomes thicker and rougher, making it harder for older people to hear.

2. Middle ear - air cavities that connect to the nasopharynx. The middle ear consists of:

3. The inner ear is a bone formation located in the temporal bone.

• Is complex system bone canals and consists of:
• The vestibule is the main part of the bony labyrinth.
• The semicircular canals are responsible for the perception of sound.
• Bone cochlea - consists of a channel with three passages, in which there is a liquid that conducts sound vibrations.
• Vestibular analyzer that controls muscle tone, balance and body position in space.

Functions

The main functions of the ear are:

Interesting Facts

• The Eustachian tube protects the eardrum from destruction due to a sharp drop or increase in blood pressure, for example, in the mountains, on an airplane, while diving.
• Ears grow throughout a person's life.
• When a person needs to hear another through extraneous noise, such as music, he usually turns to the interlocutor with his right ear.
• In wrestlers and rugby players, the ear often resembles a cauliflower, as its cartilage is constantly damaged and it has no bones to repair.
• The ears are a self-cleaning organ. The pores produce wax inside the ear, and small cilia push it out of the ear.
• The ear for music is better developed among peoples who have a more melodic language.
• The most sensitive hearing in childhood. At birth, a person can hear from 20 to 20,000 hertz, with age the upper threshold decreases to 15,000 hertz.

Organ 3: Nose

Nose - important element the human body, since it is immediately responsible for two main functions - smell and breath.

Description of the building

The nose has several components:

1. External nose - consists of cartilage, bones and skin covering them.

The skin of the nose contains a large number of sebaceous glands. The muscles of the external nose usually do not function, but connect it to the entrance to the nasal cavity.

2. The nasal cavity is located between the orbits, the oral cavity and the anterior cranial fossa. Through the nostrils, the nasal cavity communicates with the external environment. The nasal cavity includes:

• The walls of the nasal cavity are lined with small cilia that prevent small debris and dust from entering the nasal passage.
• The olfactory center is located in the upper part of the nasal cavity.
• The inferior nasal passage is located between the floor of the nasal cavity and the turbinate. It contains the nasolacrimal duct.
• The middle nasal passage is located between the middle and lower nasal concha.
• The upper nasal passages contain smell receptors (about 10 million)
• The nasal passages that communicate with the paranasal sinuses.

3. The paranasal sinuses contain air cavities. There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses:

• Maxillary - the largest, located in the body of the upper jaw. The promotion of mucus through the sinuses goes up to its medial angle, where the fistula with the middle nasal passage of the nose is located. The air pressure in the sinus is the same as in the nasal cavity. The maxillary sinuses are divided into many partitions, if any is inflamed - this will show the x-ray.
• The sinuses of the ethmoid bone are individual cells separated by bone plates. There are anterior, middle cells that open into the middle nasal passage and rear ones that go into the upper one. Near the sinuses of the ethmoid bone passes the optic nerve.
• Frontal - have several walls, the dimensions of which are often individual.
• The sphenoid sinuses are located so that the outflow of fluid from it and mucus occurs into the nasopharynx. Each sinus has four walls of different sizes.

Functions

The main functions of the nose:

Interesting Facts:

• The nose grows throughout life, as do the ears.
• With a sneeze reflex, a person is born and his style is similar to his parent.
• There are about 14 nose shapes, the most common of which is the fleshy nose.
• One of the signs of aging is the drooping of the tip of the nose due to the breakdown of collagen and the constant action of gravity.
• The most favorite smells of a person are fresh pastries, coffee and freshly cut grass. Often stores smell of coffee and fresh pastries, as this smell increases a person's desire to buy.
• It is known that memory is sharpened with the experience of strong emotions. Smells are closely related to the events that trigger these emotions.
• People have approximately 12 million olfactory receptors, but their number decreases with age, and older people are less able to distinguish smells.

Organ 4: Language

It is hard to imagine life without taste buds that distinguish food, because there is so much goodness around.

Description of the building

The tongue can be divided into three parts - body, root and apex. The entire tongue is covered with epithelium and papillae:

The salivary glands are located at the top of the tongue and along its edges.

The sense of taste is able to conduct nerves:

• Glossopharyngeal nerve.
• Drum string of the facial nerve.
• Nervus vagus.

The taste bud has an oval shape and consists of cells:

• Taste sensory epitheliocytes - contain receptor proteins (bitter, sweet and acid sensitive) that are in contact with microvilli.
• Support cells - support taste sensory cells.
• Basal epitheliocytes - provide the restoration of the first two types of cells.

Solutes enter taste pits through taste pores. They are adsorbed on microvilli and act on receptor proteins. The sensory cell is excited, which pick up the nerve endings and carry information to the brain cells about the taste.

Functions

• Sensitive - contributes to the perception of taste, pain and heat.
• Protective - renders the mucous membrane of the tongue impermeable to viruses and bacteria.
• Suction - provides the introduction of drugs, for rapid absorption, through the mouth.
• Plastic - allows the epithelium to quickly renew itself in case of tissue damage.

Interesting Facts

• The tongue contains fungiform papillae, each containing 50 to 100 taste buds.
• 15 - 25 percent of people on Earth have a "super taste". Such people have more taste buds on their papillae than others. The number of papillae in such people is also increased.
• The taste of food is determined not only with the help of the tongue, but also with the nose.
• AT West Africa a magical fruit grows, eating which sour foods such as lemon will appear sweet.
• During an airplane flight, the sensitivity to salty and sweet foods decreases due to high level noise, however the food seems more crispy.
• Taste buds live for about 7 to 10 days, after which they are replaced by new ones, so the taste you felt today may be different from the one you had two weeks ago.
• Spicy spices added to dishes do not stimulate taste buds, but pain buds that connect to nerves.
• The human tongue is able to sense sugar in water in a ratio of 1:200.

Organ 5: Skin

Touch is one of the five types of human senses, the ability to distinguish objects and their temperature with the help of touch.

Description of the building

The skin is made up of three main layers:

Skin appendages are hair, nails and skin glands. Due to the large number of nerve endings in the skin, a person is able to touch with the help of tactile touch. When touching, the motor analyzer also plays a role.

Skin receptors, which are part of the nerve fibers of the epidermis and dermis, provide a connection between a person and the external environment.

Functions

• Receptor (touch) - thanks to the nerve endings.
• Thermoregulatory - heat radiation and sweating.
• Protective - protects the body from the ingress of chemical and mechanical substances, radiation and microbes.
• Removes metabolic products and salts with sweat.
• Participates in water-salt metabolism.
• Promotes the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
• Through touch, it helps a person to distinguish objects, their temperature and shape.

Interesting Facts

• The first sense that a newborn baby has is touch.
• If people blind from birth begin to see, they will not be able to immediately identify objects that they previously touched by one glance, without touch.
• The receptors responsible for touch are found not only in the skin, but also in the muscles, mucous membranes and some joints.
• If children with mental disorders are rubbed on their backs, their perception environment improve.
• If you touch a person’s hands a little, his blood pressure will slightly decrease and his heart rate will decrease.
• The weight of the skin is about 15 percent of the total human mass.
• If a premature baby is stroked daily, gently touched, he will gain weight 55 percent faster than babies who are not touched.
• About 600 ml of water is excreted daily with the skin.
• The thinnest skin is 0.5 mm on the eyelids and eardrum, and the thickest is 0.5 cm on the soles of the feet.

Video

Incredible Facts

Taste is not only one of the most pleasant, but also a rather complex sensation that science is only beginning to understand.

Here are a few amazing facts about your ability to taste.

Taste sensations

1. Each of us different amount taste buds

We have several thousand taste buds in our mouths, but this number varies from person to person. different people from 2000 to 10,000. Taste buds are located not only on the tongue, but also on the palate and walls of the mouth, throat and esophagus. Taste buds become less sensitive as you age, which probably explains why foods you didn't like as a child become palatable as adults.

2. You taste with your brain

When you bite into a piece of cake, it seems that your mouth is filled with taste sensations. But most of these sensations originate in your brain.

The cranial nerves and taste buds send food molecules to the olfactory nerve endings in the nose. These molecules send signals to an area of ​​the brain known as the primary taste cortex.

These messages, combined with the smell messages, give the sensation of taste.

Why do people taste the same taste differently?

Why

loss of taste

3. You can't taste good if you can't smell.

Most taste sensations are smells that are transmitted to the olfactory receptors in your brain. The inability to smell due to colds, smoking, and certain side effects of medications can affect the olfactory receptors in the brain, making it difficult for you to taste.

4. Sweet foods make food memorable.

A new study has shown that centers associated with episodic memory in the brain are activated when we eat sweets. Episodic memory is a type of memory that helps you remember what you experienced at a certain time in a certain place. Episodic memory can help control eating behavior, for example, to make a decision depending on the memories of what and when we eat.

5. Taste can be turned off

Scientists have learned to stimulate and silence the neurons in the brain responsible for the main taste sensations: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. So, for example, in an experiment on mice, when they stimulated a bitter taste, the mice winced.

6. You can change your own taste sensations

Taste buds are sensitive to certain compounds in foods and medicines, which can change your ability to perceive basic taste sensations.

For example, sodium lauryl sulfate in most toothpastes, it temporarily suppresses sweetness receptors, making orange juice drunk immediately after brushing your teeth feel like unsweetened lemon juice. Also, the compound cynarine in artichokes can temporarily block sweet receptors.

Taste perception

7. The smell of ham gives food a salty taste.

There is an entire industry out there that creates the taste of the food you buy in the store. Such a phenomenon as "phantom aroma" makes us associate foods with a certain taste. So, for example, by adding the smell of ham to food, your brain will perceive it as more salty than it actually is, since we associate ham with salt. And by adding vanilla to food, you will perceive the product as sweeter.

8. We prefer spicy food during the flight.

Noisy environments, such as when you're on an airplane, can change your sense of taste. The study showed that in an airplane, people have suppressed sweet receptors and enhanced receptors for the "fifth taste" - umami. For this reason, food with a strong taste is more often ordered on the plane. German airline Lufthansa has confirmed that passengers order tomato juice as often as they order beer.

9. If you are a picky eater, you may be a "super taster"

If you can't stand the taste of eggplant or are sensitive to even the slightest presence of onions in your food, you may be one of the 25 percent of people called "supertasters" who have more taste buds on their tongues, which increases taste sensitivity.