September 06, 1808 - May 26, 1883
Arab emir, national hero of Algeria, commander, scientist, orator and poet
Biography
He came from a very ancient and noble marabout (priestly) family in Oran.
In France, he lived under gentle, honorable supervision with his family until Napoleon III released him with a pension. On December 21, 1852, he moved to Bursa, and then settled in Damascus, where in the summer of 1860 he stood up for Christians who were being severely persecuted. Since then, his quiet, contemplative life was interrupted only by wanderings on a pilgrimage undertaken by him from time to time. He once again made a hajj to Mecca, visited the World Exhibition in Paris in 1867, and in November 1869 was present at the opening of the Suez Canal.
Abd al-Qadir wrote a very interesting religious and philosophical work, which Gustave Dugas (fr. Gustave Dugat) translated from Arabic into French under the title: “Rappel? l'intelligent; avis? l'indiff?rent" (Paris, 1858).
By the grace of Allah Almighty, we have entered the last ten days of the blessed month of Ramadan. One of the graces bestowed by the Creator on believers these days and nights is the opportunity to catch and spend the night of Laylatul-Qadr in worship.
Sura 97 "al-Qadr" "The Night of Destiny"
Meccan sura.
It speaks of the beginning of the sending down of the Holy Quran and the virtues of Laylatul-Qadr (Night of Predestination). Almighty Allah singled her out from the general series of nights of the year with special honor and greatness. The value of this night and its secrets, as well as the blessings that Almighty Allah bestows on His believing slaves on this blessed night, are innumerable. We do not know everything: many things concerning Laylatul-Qadr are unknown to us and incomprehensible.
Reason for sending down
Ibn Abi Hatim reports from Mujahid that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) told his Companions about a Jewish warrior who carried a weapon for a thousand months without ever folding it. The Muslims were amazed when they heard this. After that, this sura was sent down, which says that the worship in Laylatul-Qadr granted to this ummah is better than a thousand months of war in the path of Allah, in which this warrior participated.
Sura name
The first meaning of the word "frame" is greatness, honor or dignity. Imam az-Zuhri and other scholars believed that Laylatul-Qadr is the night of Greatness and the night of Honor. Abu Bakr Varrak believed that this night was named so because a Muslim can acquire these qualities (gain dignity, become a man of honor) as a result of repentance, turning to the Lord for forgiveness and spending this night in worship of his Creator.
The second possible meaning of the word "frame" is predestination. It is believed that this night was named so, since the fate of an individual and entire nations, predetermined for them by Almighty Allah in eternity, is transferred for incarnation to special angels responsible for the implementation of predestination. Information about the events of each person's life, the time of his death, his food, rainfall and all other things are transmitted to these angels for implementation during the year - from one Ramadan to another. Ibn Abbas said that four angels are responsible for this: Israfil, Mikail, Israel and Jibril, peace be upon them.
When is Laylatul Qadr?
The Qur'an unambiguously states that this night falls on the blessed month of Ramadan, but on which night it is not reported. Therefore, this issue has become the subject of discussion among scientists. There are approximately forty opinions on this subject.
Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, reported the hadith:
"Search for Laylatul-Qadr on the odd days of the last decade of Ramadan."
Narrated ʼUbada ibn as-Samit, may Allah be pleased with him:
“The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, went out to inform us about the night of Laylatul-Qadr, but then two Muslims began to argue with each other, and he said: “I went out to inform you about the night of Laylatul-Qadr, but such- so-and-so argued with each other, and I was deprived of knowledge of it. Maybe that will be better for you. Look for her nine, seven and five nights before the end of Ramadan!”
These and other hadiths and messages about the date of Laylatul-Qadr can be agreed with each other as follows: it can be any of the ten odd nights, and it can change from year to year, that is, with the greatest probability it is 21, 23, 25, 27 or 29 night of the month of Ramadan.
Scholars explain the wisdom of Allah’s concealment of the exact date of this night: if it were announced, then the majority, worshiping on this particular night, would leave worship on other nights. Whereas her hiding in one of the last ten nights of Ramadan motivates to worship more and, accordingly, increase the reward at times. Also, knowing the exact date is fraught with the fact that believers who are not able to leave their sins, having caught this night, will not be able to refrain from sin, and committing a sin consciously on this night is dangerous for iman.
Transcription of Surah Al-Qadr
Bismillayahir-Rahmaanir-Rahimim
Inna Anzalnahu Fi Lailatil-Kadr.
Wa Ma Adraka Ma Laylatul-Qadr.
Laylatul-Qadri Khairun Min Alfi Shahr.
Tanazzalul-Mala`ikatu War-Ruhu Fiha Bi`izni Rabbihim Min Kulli Amr.
Salyamun Khiya Hatta Matla`il-Fajr.
How to determine the onset of this night?
The surest way is to spend the last ten nights of Ramadan in worship. If not, then at least odd ones. You can also try to identify this night by its characteristics. The following signs of Laylatul-Qadr are mentioned in the hadiths:
- It is light, clear, not hot and not cold (taking into account the climate of a particular area).
- The moon is bright tonight.
- The wind blows with moderate force.
- Believers feel special peace and grace on this night.
- After it, in the morning the sun rises without rays - round, like the full moon. Scientists say that this sign is the main one, it is always present.
بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْر
1. Indeed, We sent it down (the Qur'an) on the night of Destiny.
This night is marked primarily by the fact that it was on it that the Holy Quran was sent down in its entirety from the Protected Tablet (Lauh al-Mahfuz) to the sky of this world.
The Quran acquired a verbal form and was originally recorded in the Preserved Tablet. And from the Sharia texts it follows that the transmission of the Koran in the form of a revelation came precisely from Laukh. Our master Jibril, peace be upon him, by the command of Almighty Allah, lowered the Koran from Laukh to the sky of the earthly world. This opinion was called the most faithful by Imam at-Tabari in his tafsir, passing it on from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and his father. The very form of the verb "أنزل" indicates a one-time occurrence, which confirms the opinion of scholars, according to which the verse speaks of the revelation of the Qur'an in Laylatul-Qadr in full.
Imam Abu Su'ud writes:
“By “sending down” in this verse is meant the sending down of the Qur’an in its entirety to the heaven of this world. And it is reported that it was sent down exactly in Laylatul-Qadr from the Preserved Tablet (Lauh al-Mahfuz) to the sky of this world.
Then Jabrail, peace be upon him, gradually handed it over to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, over twenty-three years.
Some reports also mention angel scribes who dictated the text of the Koran to Jabaril, peace be upon him, but Imam al-Kurtubi reports from Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi that this is not true:
“There was no intermediary (intermediate link) between Allah and Jabrail, just as there was no later between Jabrail and Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.”
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ
2. How could you know what the night of Predestination is?
Where did you, Muhammad, get the knowledge about what the Night of Predestination (or the Night of Majesty and Honor) is? A question in this form is a well-known technique in Arabic rhetoric, emphasizing the special significance and dignity of what is being said.
Then Almighty Allah names three features of this night that make up its greatness.
لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْر
3. The Night of Predestination is better than a thousand months.
Worship performed on the night of Predestination or the night of Majesty and Honor is better than uninterrupted worship for a thousand months, that is, about eighty-three years in which there is no this night.
In an authentic hadeeth from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
“To the one who spends Laylatul-Qadr in prayer with faith and hope (for a reward), all past sins will be forgiven.”
Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, once asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) what dua she should recite if she caught that night. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, advised her to say the following dua:
للَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عُفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي
“Allahumma innaka ʼafuvvun tuhibbul-ʼafwa faʼfu ʼanni.”
“O Allah, indeed You are Forgiving, You love to forgive, so forgive me!”
Another hadith says:
“Whoever performs Maghrib and Isha Jamaat prayers in Laylatul-Qadr, he will receive a share (of the blessings) of Laylatul-Qadr.”
Mufti Muhammad Shafiʼ Usmani writes:
“If a person performs night and morning prayers with jamaat, he will receive the blessing and reward of Laylatul-Qadr. The more worship he performs that night, the greater will be his share of her grace. Sahih Muslim says that our master Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, reports that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “If a person performs the night prayer (isha) jamaat, he will receive so many blessings, as if spent half that night in worship. And if he performs the morning prayer (fajr) with jamaat, he will receive so many blessings as if he had spent the entire night in worship.”
تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْر
4. Angels and the Spirit (Jabrail) descend into it (on this night) with the permission of their Lord (to Earth) with all (His) commands.
The second feature of this night: on Laylatul-Qadr, angels, among which Jabrail, peace be upon him, descend to Earth by order of Allah in order to fulfill everything predetermined by the Lord from this night to Laylatul-Qadr of the next year. This interpretation is transmitted from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and his father.
Having descended, the angels also say “amin” in response to the dua of the believers who spend Laylatul-Qadr in worship of Allah and supplications until the time for the morning prayer of the next day comes.
It is also narrated that the angels greet with salam each believer who is caught worshiping on this night and ask for forgiveness for his sins.
سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْر
5. She is well until dawn.
The third feature of Laylatul-Qadr: the day before it and the night itself until dawn is prosperous - only good things happen at this time.
Ibn Kathir writes:
"This night is devoid of evil and harm."
Praise be to Allah, this completes the tafseer of Surah al-Qadr.
Al-Wahidi, Asbab Nuzul al-Quran, p. 486. See also Ibn Kathir (Taiba), 8/442-443. Maʼarif al-Quran, 8/843. There. The basis of this is in the tafsir of al-Qurtubi. "Maʼarif al-Quran", 8/845. Bukhari. Bukhari. Fuda "ash-Sharh al-Kabir", 580 - 582. Abu Su'ud, 9/182. Al-Kurtubi, 22/391. Al-Qurtubi, 22/393. Bukhari, No. 1901; Muslim, No. 760, etc. Narrated at-Tirmizi, No. 3513; and others. Narrated by al-Bayhaqi and Ibn Abi Sheyba. "Maʼarif al-Quran", 8/848. Al-Qurtubi, 22/396. Ibid., 22/395. Ibid., 22/396. Ibn Kathir (Taiba), 8/445.
Abd al-Qadir (September 6, 1808 - May 26, 1883), national hero of Algeria, commander, scientist, orator and poet. Belonged to an influential feudal kind. In 1832-1847 he led an uprising against the French occupation of Algeria (see Abd al-Qadir uprising). In 1832, the rebellious tribes proclaimed Abd al-Qadir the ruler of Western Algeria (he soon assumed the title of emir). In 1847-1852 he was a prisoner in France, in 1853-1854 he lived in Bursa, from 1855 in Damascus, where he studied theology. During the Christian pogrom in Damascus in 1860, he called for an end to the enmity between the Druze and the Maronites, which was fanned by the French colonial authorities.
Materials of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia are used.
Abd al-Qadir (1808-1883) is the national hero of Algeria and since 1831 the leader of the struggle of the Algerian people against the French colonizers. Born in Wadial-Hammam near the city of Mascara in western Algeria in the family of Maha ad-Din, sheikh of the Hashim tribe and head (muqaddam) of the military-religious brotherhood of Qadiriyya. Having received a religious and philosophical education in Algeria, he traveled with his father in 1825-1828 to the countries of the Arab East. From 1831 he took part in the resistance to the French who invaded Algeria. In November 1832 he was elected by the tribes of the West. Emir of Algeria and created a state that existed until 1847. A. al-K. twice (in 1834 and 1837) forced the French to make peace with him. A gifted poet, orator and connoisseur of Arabic-Islamic literature, collector valuable books and manuscripts. In 1847-1852 he lived in captivity in France, in 1853-1855 in Broussa, in Turkey, and then until the end of his life - in Damascus, studying literature and theology. He corresponded with Shamil, who was exiled to Kaluga. In 1860, he saved thousands of Damascus Christians from death during an outbreak of religious strife, for which he received awards from many countries, including Russia. He enjoyed considerable prestige both in the Muslim world and in Europe. A large Algerian diaspora formed around him in Damascus, he published the newspaper Al-Muhajir (Emurant),
R. G. Landa.
Russian historical encyclopedia. T. 1. M., 2015, p. 23.
Abd-al-Kadir, Nasir-ad-din ibn Muhyiddin al-Hasani (1808-26.V. 1883), - the leader of the liberation struggle of the Algerian people against the French colonialists, the national hero of Algeria. Belonged to an influential feudal family. Born in the town of Getna, near Mascara (Algeria). He received a religious and philosophical education. In 1832, the tribes of Western Algeria proclaimed Abd-al-Qadir sultan (he soon assumed the title of emir). A talented commander, intelligent and energetic politician, Abd-al-Qadir in 1832-1847 led an uprising against the French occupation of Algeria (see Abd-al-Qadir uprising). Abd-al-Kadir - a scientist, orator and poet, contributed to the creation of folk schools in Algeria, collected a library of rare books and manuscripts. In 1847-1852 he was a prisoner in France; then he lived in Damascus, where he studied theology. In 1860, during a Christian pogrom in Damascus, provoked by French agents, he advocated ending the enmity between the Druses and Maronites and saved the lives of 1.5 thousand Christians, for which he received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor from the French government, and the Order of the White Eagle from the Russian .
A. I. Maltseva. Moscow.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 1. AALTONEN - AYANS. 1961.
Compositions: Rappel a l "intelligent, avis a l" indifférent, trad. par G. Dugat, P., 1858.
Literature: Azan P., L "émir Abd el-Kader, P., 1925; Bu Aziz Yahya, Batl al-kifah al-amir Abd-al-Qadir al-Jazairi (Fighting hero Emir Awd al-Qadir al-Jaaairi) , Tunisia, 1957.
Abd-el-Kader (1808-1883) - Arab political and military figure, the leader of the national struggle for the independence of Algeria against France. In 1832, Abd-el-Kader was elected emir of the tribes of western Algeria. Having rallied these tribes into a single union, Abd el-Kader created an Arab state (emirate) on their territory, the main task of which was to organize guerrilla war against the French. At the same time, in the fight against the French, Abd-el-Kader successfully used the weapons of diplomacy. On February 25, 1834, he concluded a peace agreement with the governor of Oran, General Demichel, according to which the French recognized the authority of Abd-el-Kader over all of western Algeria (with the exception of Oran and the coastal strip adjacent to it). In 1835, the French resumed fighting against A., but were defeated. According to a new peace agreement concluded by Abd-el-Kader with Marshal Bujo in Tafna (30.V. 1837), the French recognized his authority not only over the western, but also over the central part of Algeria. Abd-el-Kader, for his part, renounced his claim to the province of Constantine and guaranteed the French freedom of trade in his territory. In 1839, the French, having concentrated a 100,000-strong army in Algiers, twice the strength of Abd el-Kader, violated the agreement in Tafna and invaded the territory of the emirate. Having lost his territory, Abd-el-Kader fled to Morocco in 1844. Pursuing him, the French invaded Morocco, defeated the Moroccans and imposed a peace treaty on them (10 September 1844), according to which Abd-el-Kader was outlawed and Morocco pledged to stop helping him. Abd-el-Kader returned to the Algerian Sahara and continued to fight there until the end of 1847, when, as a result of betrayal, he was taken prisoner by the French. Abd-el-Kader was imprisoned in France until 1852; After his release, he lived in Syria.
Diplomatic Dictionary. Ch. ed. A. Ya. Vyshinsky and S. A. Lozovsky. M., 1948.
Compositions:
Rappel a 1 "intelligent, avis a 1" in-different, trad. par. G. Dugat, P., 1858.
Literature:
Oganisyan Yu., Abd-al-Kadir, M., 1968;
Bou Aziz Yahya, Batlal-kifahal-amirAbd-al-Qadiral-Jazairi (Fighting HeroemirAbdal-QadiralJazairi), Tunisia, 1957.
Khmeleva N. G. State of Abd al-Qadir of Algeria. M., 1973;
Azan P., L "émir Abd el-Kader, P., 1925;
Kaddache M. L "emir Abdelkader. Madrid, 1974; Lacoste.
Nouschi A., Prenant A. L "Alg6rie: passe et present. P., 1960.
The followers of Muslim tarikats were the force that often opposed the European colonialists, who were trying to conquer the countries of the East. The Sufis took an active part in the struggle against imperialism in the North Caucasus, Africa, India, Central, and South-East Asia. Sufis very often became the core of the resistance of the insurgent troops.
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi raised the banner of struggle among the inhabitants of Algeria. He was the son of a sheikh, and he himself was a follower of Sufism. Oni is still a national hero of Algeria, who is known no less than the truly legendary Libyan Omar al-Mukhtar, who came out of the Sanusite tariqa.
As the leader of the Mujahideen, Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi became famous already at the age of 17 - such a young age could not become an obstacle to his fame, recognition of his authority among Muslim warriors. As a poet, we still know very little about him, but he is the author of a Sufi poem that has a very deep meaning. Also, he is known as a wide public figure and the theologian.
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi, the leader of the struggle directed against the French, differed from his peers from childhood in his craving for knowledge. The very feature that distinguishes many subsequently great people, glorified by their knowledge and wisdom.
He studied the Koran a lot, as well as many other sciences that were available and much needed at that time. Among other things, he studied foreign languages. At a very early age, Abd al-Qadir had already performed Hajj with his father. On the way there, he visited several cities of the Islamic world, managing to return to his homeland before its colonization began.
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi, along with several other people, led the local resistance. As soon as the French landed, they immediately met fierce resistance from the local population.
He possessed courage and skill, for which he was proclaimed their emir by several tribes at once. Recognition as a political leader did not turn the young Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi's head, and he wisely used the power he received. Having overcome the fragmentation of several groups of the population, he tried to create one, single state, whose capital would be at Mascara. Tellingly, in the current situation, he was supported by the ulema, and this was very important!
And over the next few years, the Algerians, led by Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi, managed to block a number of French garrisons. In 1834, the colonial authorities recognized the need for a peace treaty. However, the same French a year later decided to violate the terms of the peace treaty, for which they were severely punished. Their detachments were defeated, and they again, for the second time, recognized the authority of Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi in the western and central regions of Algeria.
Almost all of Algeria was under the control of Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi by 1838, with the exception of only a few areas. This time was the peak of the heyday of this state, highest point its political and social development.
At the same time, realizing that the French will not retreat from their goal of colonizing their lands, the Algerians are rapidly developing their own military industry. At that time, rifle, saber, cannon, foundry, as well as gunpowder enterprises were created. As a result of all this, the Algerian army becomes very formidable, technically equipped military force. For example, this army was armed with about 250 guns. And this played a significant role in the battles of the armies!
While there was a truce, Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi managed to take many measures to establish internal order in the country. Having managed to delineate power within the country, as well as taking control of the incomes of a large number of wealthy people, he also carried out an administrative reform and divided the single state into several separate regions, each of which was controlled from the capital. In addition, he carried out both tax and judicial reforms, changing the system of legal proceedings and tax collection.
And as a result of his efforts, the new state created by him began to have absolutely all the signs necessary for it to function. He even had his own currency. And thanks to such a comprehensive and comprehensive approach, the Algerians managed to resist the French army, which was also a very formidable force that could oppose the forces of Algeria a lot!
Yes, they could do a lot. The forces were still not equal: the French also had a numerical superiority, and technically they were better equipped, despite the efforts of Algeria. After the French army received a respite, their troops captured the city of Constantine, by which time the emir was not controlled.
Starting from minor clashes, everything grew into a full-fledged large-scale war, in which the French were not shy about the means used. Using the tactics of scorched earth, they destroyed everything in their path: from animals to living people.
The Algerians, under the wise leadership of Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi, held the line for several years, but in the end they still suffered a crushing defeat. A huge part of the state was simply occupied, and Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi himself took refuge in Morocco. The authorities of this country also participated in the resistance, and therefore supported the leader of the resistance. However, like their neighbors, the Moroccans also failed in the war. And, under pressure from the French, they were forced to send the sheikh out of the country.
However, the people of Algeria were not going to give up: the seizure of the territory only provoked a new uprising, and the Algerians proclaimed Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi as their leader. But, since this did not suit the French in any way, they simply began to destroy entire residential settlements, leaving no one alive. This was done mostly as a deterrent to resistance, and also in order to warn the population of the country.
And realizing the fact that any resistance offered to the French in the future would lead to a simple extermination of his people, Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi made a decision that was given to him through hard thinking: he still agrees to negotiate with the French. And the main condition that the sheikh sets out for them is the complete cessation of the persecution of the civilian population. As a counterweight, a concession to the French, he agrees to his departure from the country to Egypt, and in the future promises not to appear on the territory of Algeria.
The treaty was signed and the Duke of Orleans, as Governor General, personally promised to abide by its terms. But he broke his word and at the very last moment Mujahid, along with his family, was arrested, after which they were sent to France. There he is imprisoned: first in Toulon, then in the castle of Amboise.
But the whole life story of Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi does not end there! Due to various circumstances: from the political pressure of Great Britain, which competed with France, to the coming to power of the ruler Napoleon III, Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi gets his freedom. However, upon release, a word is taken from him that he will never again go to Algeria, will not enter his land. He agrees.
Together with his surviving family, he settles in the Middle East. The Sultan himself invited him there. Ottoman Empire. This period was the period of creative activity of the Sheikh. He travels to different regions of the Islamic world, performs the Hajj twice.
The national hero of Algeria was very peaceful and tolerant - these character traits were integral parts of his image and personality. Oddly enough, but it is.
In historical chronicles, a written dialogue was recorded between Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi and Imam Shamil. Characteristically, even in the midst of the war, they both spoke out against cruelty and violence, and called for dialogue with other faiths. These letters must certainly become public knowledge, which does not understand the true essence of the word "Jihad". This applies to non-believers, and Muslims, and representatives of other religions.
Also, for all his peacefulness, Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi cannot be accused of cowardice, or inconsistency of his actions with the letter and spirit of Islam - his struggle served as the thing that forever imprinted this man in the memory of the Algerians, and which awarded him the title national hero.
In the event that a person wants to be like similar prominent people, then he needs to study history, but not discard it as allegedly not suitable for his convictions. By studying the courage and heroism of such people, we can take their actions as an example.
And who can be taken at the present moment as a model of courage, heroism and courage?
His truly Islamic attitude towards other religions and their representatives, Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi carried through all the hardships he endured, and even through his own captivity. This was especially evident during his stay in Damascus.
At that time, clashes between Christians and Muslims began there. The vice-consulate of Russia was also attacked. However, it was precisely because of the intervention and intercession of the Sheikh that the Russian Vice-Consul Makeev survived. Otherwise, inevitable death would have awaited him.
And many other Christians were saved through his intervention. Even Imam Shamil noted his deeds, thanking him with the following words: “Let you reconcile with the Almighty! May He bless you with children and wealth, because you fulfilled the words of the Prophet, sent by Allah to people by His grace, and you did not allow enmity against Muslims to take root, because of our faith.
And the sheikh answered him with very instructive and relevant words even in our time: “In all countries, violence triumphs, and its results are shameful. But people in our days, the days of temptations, have lost their heads so much that little seems good to them at all ... It is sad to see such a small number of religious people, and such a small number of people who still act in justice. There are so few of them that many ignoramuses believe that the basis, the source of the faith of Islam is cruelty, rudeness and detachment from all non-believers.
