2. Water is the most common substance in wildlife.
3.Polymer - a branched chain consisting of links relatively simple substances- monomers.
4. Glucose is a biopolymer.
5. The secondary structure of a protein is determined by the order of alternation of amino acids in the chain.
6. Starch and glycogen are reserve organic substances of living organisms.
7.Some lipids perform the function of hormones.
8. Proteins contain more than 40 types of monomers.
9. The RNA nucleotide contains a five-carbon sugar - ribose.
10. A DNA molecule consists of one polynucleotide strand.
Task 2.
Label the parts of a DNA nucleotide.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Option number 3.
Exercise 1.
1. The group of trace elements includes the following chemical elements: I;Cu;Zn;Co;Au;F.
2. Calcium and magnesium ions are activators of many enzymes.
3. Fructose is the main energy substance of the cell.
4. Fats are hydrophilic substances.
5. Lipids are part of cell membranes.
6.Proteids - polypeptides containing a non-protein component.
7. The tertiary structure of the protein has the form of a spiral.
8. There is only one type in cells nucleic acids.
9. The DNA gene contains information about the primary structure of one protein.
10.ATP is a universal biological energy accumulator.
Task 2.
Label the constituent parts of an RNA nucleotide.
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Thematic test. Topic: "Chemical organization of the cell."
Option number 2.
Exercise 1.
1. Elements, which group in the cell is more than the rest?
2. What compound is not built from amino acids?
a) hemoglobin; b) insulin; c) glycogen.
3. What part of amino acids differ from each other?
a) amino group; b) a radical; c) carboxyl group.
4. Of the proteins listed below, the protective function is performed by: a) interferon; b) hemoglobin; c) actin and myosin.
5. Disaccharides include: a) glucose; b) sucrose; c) ribose.
6. What carbohydrate is found in the cells of fungi, animals and humans?
a) chitin; b) starch; c) glycogen.
7.When complete oxidation 1 g of fat is released: a) 37.2 kJ; b) 38.9 kJ; c) 17.2 kJ.
8. Monomers of nucleic acids are: a) amino acids; b) nucleotides; c) monosaccharides.
9. What RNA is a copy of the DNA gene?
a) I-RNA; b) T-RNA; c) R-RNA.
10. When one macroergic bond is broken in an ATP molecule, energy is released in the amount of: a) 40 kJ; b) 20 kJ; c) 4 kJ.
Task 2.
Complete the DNA chain complementary to the given one: - A-G-T-C-T-T-T-C-G-A-A-.
Thematic test. Topic: "Chemical organization of the cell."
Option number 4.
Exercise 1.
1. What is the average proportion of water in a cell?
a) 99%; b) 80%; in 20%.
2. Elements, which group in the cell is less than the rest?
a) bioelements; b) macronutrients; c) trace elements.
3. Which of the following sugars is a polysaccharide?
a) glucose; b) sucrose; c) chitin.
4. With the complete oxidation of 1 g of glucose, the following is released: a) 36.2 kJ; b) 38.9 kJ; c) 17.6 kJ.
5. What compound is built of their amino acids?
a) hemoglobin; b) glycogen; c) cholesterol.
6. What protein structure is characterized by the formation of a globule?
a) primary; b) secondary; c) tertiary.
7. Which of the following substances belongs to lipids?
a) cholesterol; b) starch; c) insulin.
8. How many types of RNA are known?
a) 1; b) 2; at 3.
9. Nucleic acids are: a) polynucleotides; b) polysaccharides; c) polypeptides?
10. What nitrogenous base is specific for DNA?
a) A; b) T; c) W.
Task 2. .
Complete the DNA chain complementary to the given one: - A-G-C-G-A-A-C-G-G-.
Seminar Questions
to prepare for the exam in biology on the topic
"Chemical organization of the cell"
Explanatory note
The analysis of the results of the exam showed that the topic "Chemical organization of the cell" is problematic for graduates. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop persistent skills for completing tasks used in the exam. The proposed tests contain tasks that biology teachers can use to practice these skills, both in the classroom and at individual consultations in preparation for the exam.
The tests are based on the materials of KIMs (they are marked with an asterisk) and from additional literature. Tasks from additional literature are distinguished by their informativeness, therefore they can be used as an additional source of knowledge.
Topic 1:"Inorganic substances of the cell"
Part A tasks.
Choose one correct answer.
1.* The bodies of animate and inanimate nature are similar in set
2) chemical elements
3) nucleic acids
4) enzymes
2.* Magnesium is an essential component of molecules
2) chlorophyll
3) hemoglobin
3.* What role do potassium and sodium ions play in the cell?
1) are biocatalysts
2) participate in the excitation
3) provide transport of gases
4) promote the movement of substances across the membrane
4. What is the ratio of sodium and potassium ions in animal cells and in their environment - intercellular fluid and blood?
1) there is more sodium in the cell than outside, potassium, on the contrary, more outside than in the cell
2) there is as much sodium outside as there is potassium inside the cell
3) there is less sodium in the cell than outside, and, on the contrary, more potassium in the cell than outside
5. Name the chemical element that in the form of an ion in large quantities is part of the cytoplasm of cells, where it is significantly larger than in the intercellular fluid and is directly involved in the formation of a constant difference in electrical potentials on opposite sides of the outer plasma membrane
1) H 4) C 7) Ca 10) Na
2) O 5)S 8)Mg 11) Zn
3) N 6) Fe 9) K 12) P
6. Name the chemical element that is part of the inorganic component of bone tissue and shells of mollusks, takes part in muscle contraction and blood coagulation, is an intermediary in the transmission of an information signal from the outer plasma membrane to the cell cytoplasm
1) H 4) C 7) Ca 10) Na
2) O 5) S 8) Mg 11) Zn
3) N 6) Fe 9) K 12) P
7. Name the chemical element that is part of chlorophyll and is necessary for the assembly of small and large subunits of the ribosome into a single structure, activates some enzymes
1) H 4) C 7) Ca 10) Na
2) O 5) S 8) Mg 11) Zn
3) N 6) Fe 9) K 12) P
8. Name the chemical element that is part of hemoglobin and myoglobin, where it participates in the addition of oxygen, and is also part of one of the mitochondrial proteins of the respiratory chain that carries electrons during cellular respiration.
1) H 4) C 7) Ca 10) Na
2) O 5) S 8) Mg 11) Zn
3) N 6) Fe 9) K 12) P
9. Indicate the group of chemical elements, the content of which in the cell is 98% in total,
10. Name the liquid that, in terms of salt composition, is closest to the blood plasma of terrestrial vertebrates
1) 0.9% NaCl solution
2) sea water
3) fresh water
11. Name the organic compounds that are contained in the cell in the largest amount (in% of wet weight)
1) carbohydrates
4) nucleic acids
12. Name the organic compounds that are contained in the cell in the smallest amount (in% of wet weight)
1) carbohydrates
4) nucleic acids
13. * A significant part of the cell is water, which
1) forms a division spindle
2) forms protein globules
3) dissolves fats
4) gives the cell elasticity
14. What is the main feature of the structure of the water molecule, which determines the specific properties and biological role of water
1) small size
2) polarity of the molecule
3) high mobility
15.*Water is a good solvent because
1) its molecules have mutual attraction
2) its molecules are polar
3) it heats up and cools down slowly
4) she is a catalyst
16.* The water in the cell performs the function
1) catalytic
2) solvent
3) structural
4) information
1) communication with neighboring cells
2) growth and development
3) the ability to share
4) volume and elasticity
18. All of the above anions, except for one, are part of the salts and are the most important anions for the life of the cell. Indicate the “extra” anion among them.
4) H 2 RO 4 -
Right answers
Part B tasks.
Choose three correct answers from six.
1) What are the functions of water in a cell?
A) performs an energy function
B) provides cell elasticity
B) protect the contents of the cell
D) participates in thermoregulation
D) participates in the hydrolysis of substances
E) provides the movement of organelles.
Answer: B, D, D
2) * Water in the cage plays the role
BUT) internal environment
B) structural
B) regulatory
D) humoral
D) a universal source of energy
E) universal solvent
Answer: A, B, E.
Topic 2:"Biological polymers - proteins".
Part A tasks.
Choose one correct answer.
one*. Proteins are classified as biopolymers because they:
1) are very diverse
2) play an important role in the cell
3) consist of repeatedly repeating links
4) have a large molecular weight
2*. The monomers of protein molecules are
1) nucleotides
2) amino acids
3) monosaccharides
3*. Polypeptides are formed as a result of interaction
1) nitrogenous bases
2) lipids
3) carbohydrates
4) amino acids
four*. The type of number and order of amino acids depends on
1) sequence of RNA triplets
2) the primary structure of proteins
3) hydrophobicity of fat molecules
4) hydrophilicity of monosaccharides
5*. The cells of all living organisms contain
4) fiber
1) hemoglobin
6*. The sequence of amino acids in protein molecules is determined
1) the arrangement of triplets in the DNA molecule
2) a structural feature of the ribosome
3) a set of ribosomes in a polysome
4) a feature of the structure of T-RNA
7*. Reversible denaturation of protein molecules occurs
1) violation of its primary structure
2) formation of hydrogen bonds
3) violation of its tertiary structure
4) formation of peptide bonds
eight*. The ability of protein molecules to form compounds with other substances determines their function.
1) transport
2) energy
3) contractile
4) excretory
9*. What is the function of contractile proteins in animals?
1) transport
2) signal
3) motor
4) catalytic
ten*. Organic substances that accelerate metabolic processes -
1) amino acids
2) monosaccharides
3) enzymes
eleven*. What is the function of proteins in a cell?
1) protective
2) enzymatic
3) information
4) contractile
Part B tasks.
Choose three correct answers from six.
one*. What are the features of the structure and properties of protein molecules?
A) has primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures.
B) have the form of a single spiral
B) amino acid monomers
D) monomers-nucleotides
D) capable of replication
E) capable of denaturation
Answers: A, B, E.
Part C tasks.
Give a complete detailed answer.
one*. Enzymes lose their activity when radiation levels rise.
Explain why.
Answer: All enzymes are proteins. Under the action of radiation, the structure changes
protein-enzyme, its denaturation occurs.
Test on the topic "Chemical organization of the cell"
Option number 1.
Exercise 1.
1. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen predominate in the composition of the cells of living organisms.
2. Water is the most common substance in wildlife.
3.Polymer - a branched chain consisting of links of relatively simple substances - monomers.
4. Glucose is a biopolymer.
5. The secondary structure of a protein is determined by the order of alternation of amino acids in the chain.
6. Starch and glycogen are reserve organic substances of living organisms.
7.Some lipids perform the function of hormones.
8. Proteins contain more than 40 types of monomers.
9. The RNA nucleotide contains a five-carbon sugar - ribose.
10. A DNA molecule consists of one polynucleotide strand.
Task 2.
Option number 2.
Exercise 1.
1. The group of trace elements includes the following chemical elements: I; Cu; Zn; co; Au; F.
2. Calcium and magnesium ions are activators of many enzymes.
3. Fructose is the main energy substance of the cell.
4. Fats are hydrophilic substances.
5. Lipids are part of cell membranes.
6.Proteids - polypeptides containing a non-protein component.
7. The tertiary structure of the protein has the form of a spiral.
8. There is only one type of nucleic acids in cells.
9. The DNA gene contains information about the primary structure of one protein.
10.ATP is a universal biological energy accumulator.
Task 2.
Label the constituent parts of an RNA nucleotide.
Option number 3.
Exercise 1.
1. Elements, which group in the cell is more than the rest?
a) bioelements; b) macronutrients; c) trace elements.
2. What compound is not built from amino acids?
a) hemoglobin; b) insulin; c) glycogen.
3. What part of amino acids differ from each other?
a) amino group; b) a radical; c) carboxyl group.
4. Of the proteins listed below, the protective function is performed by: a) interferon; b) hemoglobin; c) actin and myosin.
5. Disaccharides include: a) glucose; b) sucrose; c) ribose.
6. What carbohydrate is found in the cells of fungi, animals and humans?
a) chitin; b) starch; c) glycogen.
7. Lipids in the cell do not perform a function
a) storage of hereditary information b) energy
c) structural d) storage.
8. Monomers of nucleic acids are: a) amino acids; b) nucleotides; c) monosaccharides.
9. What RNA is a copy of the DNA gene?
a) I-RNA; b) T-RNA; c) R-RNA.
10. Simple carbohydrates include
a) starch b) glucose c) fiber d) glycogen.
3. Protein monomers
A - glucose and fructose B - fatty acids
C - nucleotides; D - amino acids.
When one macroergic bond is broken in an ATP molecule, energy is released in the amount of: a) 40 kJ; b) 20 kJ; c) 4 kJ.
Task 2.
Complete the DNA chain complementary to the given one: - A-G-T-C-T-T-T-C-G-A-A-.
Task 3.
Label the parts of a DNA nucleotide.
Test.
