Letters k, g denote consonant sounds close to Russian to and G.

German voiceless consonant [k] (written k or ck) is more tense than Russian and is pronounced aspirated. Aspiration is especially strong before a vowel and a sonorant consonant in a stressed syllable (Kampf struggle, Kraft strength) and at the end of a word (Schmuck [∫muk] decoration). AT German double k denoted by the letter combination ck. Vowel before ck always short.

German voiced consonant [g] (written g or gg) is pronounced less loudly than Russian G. At the end of a word and before deaf consonants, [g], as in Russian, is stunned.

1. Say words with the sound [k], do not forget about breathing.

	[a]				[ʊ]
cann		can		Kuss		kiss
Kamm		crest		kurz		short
Kampf		struggle		Burg		fortress

2. Say the sound [k] with [a:] and [a]. Notice how the length and shortness of the vowel changes the meaning of the word.

3. Say words with sound (g] Try to pronounce this sound weaker than Russian.

					[a]
sagen	[‘za:gən]	to tell		Gast		the guest
fragen	[‘fra:gən]	ask		ganz		at all
tragen	[‘tra:gən]	carry		Gans		goose

The sound [g] should be pronounced less intensely than Russian G, but you can not stun him to the sound [k], as then the meaning of the word will change.

4. Say words with [k] and [g] sounds. Notice the difference in the meaning of these words.

Table from letter to sound

Letter	Sound	Examples
		In spelling	In transcription
i, ie, ieh	i:	Mine, nie, ziehen	[‘mi:nə], , [‘tsi:en]
i	i	Tisch
r, rr	r,ɐ	wir (we), wirr (chaotic), rat (advice)	, ,
k, ck	k	Karte, Wecker (alarm clock)	[‘kartə], [‘vεkəɐ]
g, gg	g	Gas, Bagger (excavator)	, [‘bagəɐ]
g	k	Tag, sagt (speaking)	,
v	f (in German words)	Vater	[‘fa:tə]
v	v (in foreign words)	vase
tsch	t∫	matsch

Active Dictionary

bitten	[‘bitən]	ask
fahren	[‘fa:rən]	drive
frieren	[‘fri:rən]	freeze
sitzen	[‘zitsən]	sit
sie		she is
Sie		you (polite form)
students	[ʃtu·’di:rən]	study (high school)
tanzen	[‘tantsən]	dance
und	[‘ʊnt]	and
wandern	[‘vandəɐn]	wander (walk)
wir		we

You know that in English words are not always read exactly as they are written. That is why it is worth giving enough time to the rules for reading English letters individually and in various combinations. In the course of this lesson, we will continue to get acquainted with the rules for reading English letters. We will consider the features of reading the consonants C, G and S and some of their combinations.

If the consonant C comes before the vowels A, U and O, then it is read as [k]. For example: cat - cat, candle ["kændl] - candle, cut - cut, car - car, cow - cow, cup - cup. Before other consonants, the letter C will also be read as sound [k]. For example: cloud - cloud, clown - clown (Fig. 2), actor ["æktə] - actor, doctor ["dɔktə] - doctor, picture ["pɪkʧə] - picture.

In combination with the letter K, the consonant C gives the sound [k]. For example: black - black, back - back, duck - duck, brick - brick, clock - wall clock (Fig. 3), bucket ["bʌkɪt] - bucket.

Rice. 3. Wall clock ()

The letter combinations CH and TSN are read as the sound [ʧ]. Please note that this English sound is not as sonorous as in the Russian word "hours". In English, it is softer and similar to the sound when mothers try to calm their baby: “Ch-ch-ch, ch-ch-ch.” Practice pronouncing the sound [ʧ] correctly on these words: chin [ʧɪn] - chin, cherry ["ʧerɪ] - cherry, chicken ["ʧɪkɪn] - chicken, church [ʧɜːʧ] - church, branch - branch, match - match, catch - catch.

Before the vowels I, Y, and E, the consonant G is read as [ʤ]. For example: gym [ʤɪm] - gym, ginger ["ʤɪnʤə] bread - gingerbread (Fig. 4), page - page, cage - cage, large - large. The cage is large. - The cage is large.

Rice. 4. Gingerbread ()

Before the vowels A, O and U, the consonant G will be read as [g]. For example: game - game, go - go, gun - pistol, guitar - guitar, gate - gate, goat - goat. The letter G is also read (like the sound [g]) at the end of a word and before other consonants. For example: bag - bag, big - big, frog - frog (Fig. 5), green - green, gray - grey, glass - glass.

The grass is green. - The grass is green.

My bag is big. - My bag is big.

Unfortunately, not all English words read according to the rules. There are also exceptions. There are such exceptions for the letter G. Before the vowels I, Y and E, it will not always be read as [ʤ]. Sometimes the letter G will be read as [g]. For example: gift - gift, girl - girl, give - give, tiger ["taɪgə] - tiger, geese - geese, finger ["fɪŋgə] - finger. However, in some cases, the letter G is read completely uncharacteristically. For example, the letter combination GH is pronounced as [f]. For example: enough [ɪ "nʌf] - enough, laugh - laugh, cough - cough (Fig. 6).

In some cases, the combination GH at the end of a word is not pronounced at all. For example:

dough - dough, through [θruː] - through, through. The letter combination IGH reads like . For example: night - night, light - light, fight - fight, knight - knight (Fig. 7).

Practice reading the poem correctly.

star l igh t, star br igh t

Star on the left, star on the r igh t

The consonant letter S has several reading rules.

At the beginning of a word, S is read as a sound [s]. For example: sand - sand, sing - sing, sea - sea, sun - sun. The consonant S will give the sound [s] before voiceless consonants. For example: post - mail, ghost - ghost, toast - toast, desk - desk. In addition, the consonant S will produce the sound [s] after voiceless consonants. For example: books - books, cats - cats, chips [ʧɪps] - french fries, grapes - grapes (Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Grapes ()

At the end of a word, after voiced consonants, the letter S will be read as [z]. For example: jeans [ʤiːnz] - jeans, clothes - clothes. Between two vowels, the letter S is read as [z]. For example: rose - rose, nose - nose, close - close, cheese [ʧiːz] - cheese. However, there are exceptions to this rule, i.e., words in which the letter S between two vowels makes the sound [s]. For example, house - house, mouse - mouse (Fig. 10), goose - goose. His mouse is in the house. - His mouse is in the house.

The combination of letters SS is read as one sound [s]. For example, grass - grass, lesson ["les (ə) n] - lesson, glass - glass.

The letter combination SH is read as [ʃ]. For example: ship [ʃɪp] - ship, sheep [ʃiːp] - sheep, shirt [ʃɜːt] - shirt, shorts [ʃɔːts] - shorts, fish - fish, bush - bush.

Practice by reciting this tongue twister:

She sells sea shells on the sea shore. - She sells shells on the coast.

Bibliography

1. Afanas'eva O.V., Mikheeva I.V. English language. Grade 2 - M: Bustard, 2014.
2. Biboletova M.Z., Denisenko O.A., Trubaneva N.N. English language. Grade 2 - Title, 2008.
3. Bykova N.I., Dooley D., Pospelova M.D. etc. English language. Grade 2 - Enlightenment, 2013.

Homework

1. Learn how to read all the words from the video lesson correctly.
2. Learn poems and tongue twisters from the video lesson.
3. Learn the words from the video lesson.

1. Internet portal Alleng.ru ().
2. Internet portal Alleng.ru ().
3. Internet portal Alleng.ru ().
4. Internet portal Alleng.ru ().

It has several spellings, the technique depends on the font (printed/handwritten) and character type (capital/lower case).

Writing technique

To write the letter "G", it is preferable to take a sheet of lined paper so that you can see the difference between uppercase and lowercase letters.

Printed capital "G"

1. Write a capital letter "S":
2. draw a crescent moon with a hole on the right
3. From the bottom point of the letter "C" add a horizontal line to the left, halfway inside the letter

Printed lowercase "g"

1. The only difference from the capital letter "C" is that the lowercase letter is almost twice as small.
2. From the top point of the letter "c" draw a vertical line down, turning into a hook to the left.

Printed lowercase "g"

1. At the top of the line, draw the letter "o" 7/8 in size from the lowercase letter.
2. From the bottom right point, draw an oval loop to the right and down.
3. Add an "ear" to the upper right point.

handwritten capital

1. From the lower left point of the line, draw an inclined line leading up to the right.
2. Unfold the loop to the left and down. Crochet the loop to the right to the very top of the line.
3. Draw a slanted line going down to the left. Crochet it to the left. The hook should cross the first line (step 1).
4. Draw a horizontal line to the right, inside half the letter.

Read also

Handwritten lowercase " g»

1. Draw about a figurative form with an inclination.
2. From the bottom right point, add a slanted line leading down to the left.
3. Unfold it to the left with a loop and bring it up.

Read also

Pronunciation of the letter "G"

The letter "G" has two main reading rules and several minor ones.

g = [g]

• before vowels a, o, u.

legacy [‘legəsi] - inheritance, heritage

go - to go

regulate [‘regjuleit] - regulate

• before any consonant.

ingredient - component

• at the end of a word.

leg - leg

g = [j]

• before vowels e, i, y.

page - page

giant [‘dʒaiənt] - giant

gym - gym

Exceptions:

• g = [r] before the endings -er and -est of adjectives and adverbs.

big - big / bigger ['bigə] - more / biggest ['bigəst] - the biggest

begin - begin (sya) anger - anger

gift - a gift

forget - forget

get - receive

target - target, target

girl - girl

together - together

give - give

forgive - forgive

geese - geese

finger - finger

tiger - tiger

hunger - hunger

• g = [g] in words of French origin.

garage - garage

• gn = [-] at the beginning and end of words.

gnome - gnome

sign is a symbol; signature

ng = [ŋ]

The tongue is located at the base of the lower teeth. The mouth is open wide. The back of the tongue is pressed against the lowered soft palate, the air stream follows through the nasal cavity. For nasal sound, it is required not to raise the tip of the tongue to the alveoli.

kingdom [‘ kiŋdə m] - kingdom

gh = [g], [f], [-]

The reading of words with the letter combination "gh" must be checked in the dictionary due to variations in pronunciation and lack of rules.

ghost - cast

tough - tough