Chapter 4. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War, German troops crossed the border of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. The Great Patriotic War began. By this time, the Red Army was armed with 34 light armored trains, 13 heavy, 28 platforms with anti-aircraft guns.

Chapter 1. The formation of new units of the Soviet marines after the start of the Great Patriotic War By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, among the citizens of the USSR who were subject to conscription into the Armed Forces from the reserve, there were about 500 thousand people who in the 20-30s of the XX century

Chapter 3

Chronology of the Patriotic War of 1812 On June 23, 1812, in the evening, a patrol of the Life Guards of the Cossack Regiment noticed suspicious movement on the Neman (hereinafter, the dates are given according to the new style). On June 24, at 6 o'clock in the morning, the vanguard of the French troops entered

Many cultural figures participated in the Great Patriotic War: directors, writers, sculptors, composers. Kultura.RF remembers those whose front-line stories are not so often addressed in the press.

Ernst Unknown

Ernst Unknown. Photo: meduza.io

Ernst Unknown. Photo: regnum.ru

Ernst Unknown. Photo: rtr-vesti.ru

One of the most famous Soviet sculptors Ernst Neizvestny fought as a junior lieutenant on the 4th Ukrainian Front as part of the airborne troops. He participated in many military operations, including the storming of Budapest.

Just a couple of weeks before the end of the war, Unknown was seriously wounded in Austria: “I was wounded very badly, an explosive bullet pierced my chest, knocked out three ribs, three intervertebral discs, tore the pleura. I only found out much later that I was almost Rambo, because I killed twelve fascists. And it was hand-to-hand combat, face to face in the trenches. And, of course, I began to die. While I was being transported, the Germans were bombing with might and main, I also got a blast wave, a shell shock was added. So in the end I was all chained in plaster, completely insane. And at some point I was considered dead and taken to the basement. Once the orderlies, young boys, dragged me. But it’s hard, they awkwardly threw me off - what to reckon with the dead ?! And then something happened to the plaster, it moved, I yelled. I was resuscitated…”

Ernst Neizvestny was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Courage".

Evgeny Vuchetich

Fidel Castro and Evgeny Vuchetich, Mamaev Kurgan. Photo: v1.ru

Mamaev kurgan. Photo: mkrf.ru

Evgeny Vuchetich. Photo: stoletie.ru

The author of the legendary monument to the memory of the Great Patriotic War "Motherland" Yevgeny Vuchetich volunteered for the front from the first days of the war. At first he served as an ordinary machine gunner, but a year later he received the rank of captain. "During one of our offensives,- recalled Vuchetich, - a mine fell between me and the young lieutenant running ahead. In several places, its fragments pierced my overcoat. It worked out. And the lieutenant fell. Having caught up with him, I turned around, literally for a moment, but ran further: the offensive continued ... "

In 1942, during the assault on Lyuban, Vuchetich was shell-shocked and spent many months in the hospital. As soon as he began to walk again and was able to restore his speech, he was enrolled as a military artist at the M.B. Grekov. After the war, Yevgeny Vuchetich was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

In the work of the sculptor, military experience became decisive. Vuchetich said: “Do you think I don’t want to sculpt a naked woman, admire the beauty of the body? I want to! But I can't, I can't. I have to carry the idea in every thing, to be a soldier".

Mikhail Anikushin

Mikhail Anikushin. Photo: gup.ru

Mikhail Anikushin. Photo: kudago.com

Mikhail Anikushin. Photo: nuz.uz

From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Mikhail Anikushin, the author of the monument to Pushkin on Arts Square in St. Petersburg, fought in the militia. For a long time he participated in the defense of Leningrad, and in his free time from the battle he wrote sketches, sculpted figures of fighters.

One case especially stuck in the memory of Anikushin: “In the winter of forty-two - forty-three, for some urgent front-line business, I ended up in the city. On the square near the Technological Institute I saw a small group of fighters in white camouflage coats. Armed with machine guns, apparently scouts, they were heading to the front line. Suddenly, a girl of about fourteen ran out of the nearest front door - thin, in a woolen scarf hastily thrown over her shoulders - and, shouting something, rushed to one of the soldiers. He stepped towards her, hugged her impulsively, kissed her. The soldiers stopped, waiting. Who was he, a soldier, this girl's father, brother? Don't know. This scene lasted only a few moments. Then the scouts moved on, and the girl disappeared into the front door. I still see the whole picture in an unusually tangible way.”.

On May 9, 1945, the war did not end for Anikushin: he was sent to the Trans-Baikal Front to participate in the war with Japan. After the end of World War II, Mikhail Anikushin was awarded the medals "For Courage", "For the Defense of Leningrad", "For the Capture of Warsaw", "For the Capture of Berlin".

Andrey Eshpay

Andrey Eshpai. Photo: mega-stars.ru

Andrey Eshpai. Photo: 24today.net

Andrey Eshpai. Photo: vmiremusiki.ru

When the war began, the future famous composer Andrey Eshpay was very young. At the age of sixteen, he so much dreamed of getting to the front that he walked 30 kilometers to the flight unit in 30-degree frost to sign up for volunteers. However, then Eshpay was refused, and he got to the war only at the end of 1944, when he graduated from the Orenburg Machine Gun School.

He graduated from Eshpay and courses of military translators, which helped him to find out many fascist firing points during interrogation of prisoners. For this contribution to the future victory, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. Among the composer's many medals are "For the Capture of Berlin" and "For the Liberation of Warsaw".

Here is how Eshpay recalled the military events years after Victory Day: “I always talk about war with caution. All the heroes in the damp land - the war claimed the best. It's a burning smell. Cinder, cinder, cinder from Moscow to Berlin. In the midst of smoke and fire, the friendship of fighters is a very special feeling, I understood it well there, near Berlin. The very concept of "I" somehow disappears, only "we" remains. I had two beloved friends, the bravest of the bravest - Volodya Nikitsky from Arkhangelsk, Gena Novikov from Tashkent. We were inseparable, helped each other more than once. Both of them went through the whole war and both died in the battles for Berlin, in the last hours of the war. War cannot be spoken of in words. Even if you do not write specifically about the war, it is still present in the work of the artist who was at the front. Anyone who has not been on the battlefield will never know what war is ... "

Here is how he recalled his last war days: “In December 1944, we reached the capital of Hungary. Pest was occupied by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, and Buda, standing on the hills, was to be taken by us. Heavy street fighting went on for about three months. I, as the head of the engineering service, had to collect sapper units from different regiments and attack with them ... "

After the end of the war, Ullas was awarded two orders of the Red Star, medals "For the capture of Budapest", "For the capture of Vienna", "For the liberation of Belgrade".

Heroes of the Great Patriotic War

Submachine gunner of the 2nd Separate Battalion of the 91st Separate Siberian Volunteer Brigade named after Stalin.

Sasha Matrosov did not know his parents. He was brought up in an orphanage and a labor colony. When the war began, he was not even 20. Matrosov was drafted into the army in September 1942 and sent to an infantry school, and then to the front.

In February 1943, his battalion attacked the Nazi stronghold, but fell into a trap, falling under heavy fire, cutting off the path to the trenches. They fired from three bunkers. Two soon fell silent, but the third continued to shoot the Red Army soldiers who lay in the snow.

Seeing that the only chance to get out of the fire was to suppress the enemy's fire, Matrosov crawled to the bunker with a fellow soldier and threw two grenades in his direction. The gun was silent. The Red Army went on the attack, but the deadly weapon chirped again. Alexander's partner was killed, and Matrosov was left alone in front of the bunker. Something had to be done.

He didn't even have a few seconds to make a decision. Not wanting to let his comrades down, Alexander closed the embrasure of the bunker with his body. The attack was successful. And Matrosov posthumously received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.

He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was called up for service in the Red Army. He got into the air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nicholas Gastello participated in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.

On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello took off to attack a German mechanized column. It was on the road between the Belarusian cities of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Aircraft Gastello was hit by anti-aircraft guns. The shell damaged the fuel tank, the car caught fire. The pilot could eject, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolai Gastello sent a burning car directly to the enemy column. It was the first fire ram in the Great Patriotic War.

The name of the brave pilot has become a household name. Until the end of the war, all the aces who decided to go for a ram were called Gastellites. According to official statistics, almost six hundred enemy rams were made during the entire war.

Brigadier scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.

Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He already worked at the factory, having finished the seven-year plan. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.

He was brave and determined, the command appreciated him. For several years spent in the partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. On his account, several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 destroyed Germans, 10 trains with ammunition.

It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops, Richard von Wirtz, was located. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy attack was thwarted, and the young hero for this feat was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked partisans near the village of Ostraya Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.

Pioneer. Scout of the partisan detachment named after Voroshilov in the territory occupied by the Nazis.

Zina was born and went to school in Leningrad. However, the war found her on the territory of Belarus, where she came for the holidays.

In 1942, 16-year-old Zina joined the underground organization Young Avengers. It distributed anti-fascist leaflets in the occupied territories. Then, under cover, she got a job working in a canteen for German officers, where she committed several acts of sabotage and only miraculously was not captured by the enemy. Her courage surprised many experienced soldiers.

In 1943, Zina Portnova joined the partisans and continued to engage in sabotage behind enemy lines. Due to the efforts of defectors who surrendered Zina to the Nazis, she was captured. In the dungeons, she was interrogated and tortured. But Zina was silent, not betraying her. At one of these interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Nazis. After that, she was shot in prison.

Underground anti-fascist organization operating in the area of ​​modern Luhansk region. There were over a hundred people. The youngest participant was 14 years old.

This youth underground organization was formed immediately after the occupation of the Lugansk region. It included both regular military personnel, who were cut off from the main units, and local youth. Among the most famous participants: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vasily Levashov, Sergey Tyulenin and many other young people.

The "Young Guard" issued leaflets and committed sabotage against the Nazis. Once they managed to disable an entire tank repair shop, burn down the stock exchange, from where the Nazis drove people to forced labor in Germany. The members of the organization planned to stage an uprising, but were exposed because of the traitors. The Nazis caught, tortured and shot more than seventy people. Their feat is immortalized in one of the most famous military books by Alexander Fadeev and the film adaptation of the same name.

28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment.

In November 1941, a counteroffensive against Moscow began. The enemy did not stop at nothing, making a decisive forced march before the onset of a harsh winter.

At this time, the fighters under the command of Ivan Panfilov took up a position on the highway seven kilometers from Volokolamsk, a small town near Moscow. There they gave battle to the advancing tank units. The battle lasted four hours. During this time, they destroyed 18 armored vehicles, delaying the enemy's attack and frustrating his plans. All 28 people (or almost all, here the opinions of historians differ) died.

According to legend, the political instructor of the company, Vasily Klochkov, before the decisive stage of the battle, turned to the fighters with a phrase that became known throughout the country: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!”

The Nazi counteroffensive ultimately failed. The battle for Moscow, which was assigned the most important role during the war, was lost by the occupiers.

As a child, the future hero suffered from rheumatism, and the doctors doubted that Maresyev would be able to fly. However, he stubbornly applied to the flight school until he was finally enrolled. Maresyev was drafted into the army in 1937.

He met the Great Patriotic War at the flight school, but soon got to the front. During a sortie, his plane was shot down, and Maresyev himself was able to eject. Eighteen days, seriously wounded in both legs, he got out of the encirclement. However, he still managed to overcome the front line and ended up in the hospital. But gangrene had already begun, and the doctors amputated both of his legs.

For many, this would mean the end of the service, but the pilot did not give up and returned to aviation. Until the end of the war, he flew with prostheses. Over the years, he made 86 sorties and shot down 11 enemy aircraft. And 7 - already after amputation. In 1944, Alexei Maresyev went to work as an inspector and lived to be 84 years old.

His fate inspired the writer Boris Polevoy to write The Tale of a Real Man.

Deputy squadron commander of the 177th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment.

Victor Talalikhin began to fight already in the Soviet-Finnish war. He shot down 4 enemy planes on a biplane. Then he served in the aviation school.

In August 1941, one of the first Soviet pilots made a ram, shooting down a German bomber in a night air battle. Moreover, the wounded pilot was able to get out of the cockpit and descend by parachute to the rear of his own.

Talalikhin then shot down five more German planes. Killed during another air battle near Podolsk in October 1941.

After 73 years, in 2014, search engines found Talalikhin's plane, which remained in the swamps near Moscow.

Artilleryman of the 3rd counter-battery artillery corps of the Leningrad Front.

Soldier Andrei Korzun was drafted into the army at the very beginning of World War II. He served on the Leningrad front, where there were fierce and bloody battles.

November 5, 1943, during the next battle, his battery came under fierce enemy fire. Korzun was seriously wounded. Despite the terrible pain, he saw that the powder charges were set on fire and the ammunition depot could fly into the air. Gathering the last of his strength, Andrey crawled to the blazing fire. But he could no longer take off his overcoat to cover the fire. Losing consciousness, he made a last effort and covered the fire with his body. The explosion was avoided at the cost of the life of a brave gunner.

Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade.

A native of Petrograd, Alexander German, according to some sources, was a native of Germany. He served in the army from 1933. When the war began, he became a scout. He worked behind enemy lines, commanded a partisan detachment, which terrified the enemy soldiers. His brigade destroyed several thousand fascist soldiers and officers, derailed hundreds of trains and blew up hundreds of vehicles.

The Nazis staged a real hunt for Herman. In 1943, his partisan detachment was surrounded in the Pskov region. Making his way to his own, the brave commander died from an enemy bullet.

Commander of the 30th Separate Guards Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front

Vladislav Khrustitsky was drafted into the Red Army back in the 1920s. In the late 30s he graduated from armored courses. Since the autumn of 1942, he commanded the 61st separate light tank brigade.

He distinguished himself during Operation Iskra, which marked the beginning of the defeat of the Germans on the Leningrad Front.

He died in the battle near Volosovo. In 1944, the enemy retreated from Leningrad, but from time to time made attempts to counterattack. During one of these counterattacks, Khrustitsky's tank brigade fell into a trap.

Despite heavy fire, the commander ordered to continue the offensive. He turned on the radio to his crews with the words: "Stand to the death!" - and went forward first. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in this battle. And yet the village of Volosovo was liberated from the enemy.

Commander of a partisan detachment and brigade.

Before the war, he worked on the railroad. In October 1941, when the Germans were already standing near Moscow, he himself volunteered for a difficult operation, in which his railway experience was needed. Was thrown behind enemy lines. There he came up with the so-called "coal mines" (in fact, these are just mines disguised as coal). With the help of this simple but effective weapon, a hundred enemy trains were blown up in three months.

Zaslonov actively agitated the local population to go over to the side of the partisans. The Nazis, having learned this, dressed their soldiers in Soviet uniforms. Zaslonov mistook them for defectors and ordered them to be allowed into the partisan detachment. The path to the insidious enemy was open. A battle ensued, during which Zaslonov died. A reward was announced for living or dead Zaslonov, but the peasants hid his body, and the Germans did not get it.

The commander of a small partisan detachment.

Yefim Osipenko fought back in the Civil War. Therefore, when the enemy seized his land, without thinking twice, he joined the partisans. Together with five other comrades, he organized a small partisan detachment that committed sabotage against the Nazis.

During one of the operations, it was decided to undermine the enemy composition. But there was little ammunition in the detachment. The bomb was made from an ordinary grenade. The explosives were to be installed by Osipenko himself. He crawled to the railway bridge and, seeing the approach of the train, threw it in front of the train. There was no explosion. Then the partisan himself hit the grenade with a pole from the railway sign. It worked! A long train with food and tanks went downhill. The squad leader survived, but lost his sight completely.

For this feat, he was the first in the country to be awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War."

The peasant Matvey Kuzmin was born three years before the abolition of serfdom. And he died, becoming the oldest holder of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

His story contains many references to the history of another famous peasant - Ivan Susanin. Matvey also had to lead the invaders through the forest and swamps. And, like the legendary hero, he decided to stop the enemy at the cost of his life. He sent his grandson ahead to warn a detachment of partisans who had stopped nearby. The Nazis were ambushed. A fight ensued. Matvey Kuzmin died at the hands of a German officer. But he did his job. He was in his 84th year.

A partisan who was part of the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front.

While studying at school, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya wanted to enter a literary institute. But these plans were not destined to come true - the war prevented. In October 1941, Zoya, as a volunteer, came to the recruiting station and, after a short training at a school for saboteurs, was transferred to Volokolamsk. There, an 18-year-old partisan fighter, along with adult men, performed dangerous tasks: she mined roads and destroyed communication centers.

During one of the sabotage operations, Kosmodemyanskaya was caught by the Germans. She was tortured, forcing her to betray her own. Zoya heroically endured all the trials without saying a word to the enemies. Seeing that it was impossible to get anything from the young partisan, they decided to hang her.

Kosmodemyanskaya steadfastly accepted the test. A moment before her death, she shouted to the assembled local residents: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it's too late, surrender!" The courage of the girl so shocked the peasants that they later retold this story to front-line correspondents. And after the publication in the Pravda newspaper, the whole country learned about the feat of Kosmodemyanskaya. She became the first woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.

The names of some are still honored, the names of others are consigned to oblivion. But all of them are united by military leadership talent.

USSR

Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich (1896–1974)

Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Zhukov had a chance to take part in serious hostilities shortly before the start of the Second World War. In the summer of 1939, the Soviet-Mongolian troops under his command defeated the Japanese grouping on the Khalkhin Gol River.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Zhukov headed the General Staff, but was soon sent to the army. In 1941, he was assigned to the most critical sections of the front. Putting order in the retreating army with the most severe measures, he managed to prevent the capture of Leningrad by the Germans, and stop the Nazis in the Mozhaisk direction on the outskirts of Moscow. And already in late 1941 - early 1942, Zhukov led a counteroffensive near Moscow, pushing the Germans back from the capital.

In 1942-43, Zhukov did not command individual fronts, but coordinated their actions as a representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command near Stalingrad, and on the Kursk Bulge, and during the breaking of the blockade of Leningrad.

In early 1944, Zhukov took command of the 1st Ukrainian Front instead of the seriously wounded General Vatutin and led the Proskurov-Chernivtsi offensive operation he planned. As a result, Soviet troops liberated most of the Right-Bank Ukraine and reached the state border.

At the end of 1944, Zhukov led the 1st Belorussian Front and launched an offensive against Berlin. In May 1945, Zhukov accepted the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany, and then two Victory Parades, in Moscow and Berlin.

After the war, Zhukov found himself on the sidelines, commanding various military districts. After Khrushchev came to power, he became deputy minister, and then headed the Ministry of Defense. But in 1957 he finally fell into disgrace and was removed from all posts.

Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich (1896–1968)

Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Shortly before the start of the war, in 1937, Rokossovsky was repressed, but in 1940, at the request of Marshal Timoshenko, he was released and reinstated in his former position as corps commander. In the early days of the Great Patriotic War, the units under the command of Rokossovsky were among the few who managed to provide worthy resistance to the advancing German troops. In the battle near Moscow, Rokossovsky's army defended one of the most difficult areas, Volokolamsk.

Returning to service after being seriously wounded in 1942, Rokossovsky took command of the Don Front, which completed the defeat of the Germans near Stalingrad.

On the eve of the Battle of Kursk, Rokossovsky, contrary to the position of the majority of military leaders, managed to convince Stalin that it was better not to launch an offensive on his own, but to provoke the enemy into active actions. Having accurately determined the direction of the main attack of the Germans, Rokossovsky, just before their offensive, undertook a massive artillery preparation, which bled the enemy's strike forces.

His most famous military achievement, which entered the annals of military art, was the operation to liberate Belarus, code-named "Bagration", which actually destroyed the German army group "Center".

Shortly before the decisive attack on Berlin, the command of the 1st Belorussian Front, to the disappointment of Rokossovsky, was transferred to Zhukov. He was also instructed to command the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front in East Prussia.

Rokossovsky had outstanding personal qualities and of all Soviet military leaders he was the most popular in the army. After the war, Rokossovsky, a Pole by origin, headed the Polish Ministry of Defense for a long time, and then held the positions of Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR and Chief Military Inspector. The day before his death, he finished writing his memoirs, called Soldier's Duty.

Konev Ivan Stepanovich (1897–1973)

Marshal of the Soviet Union.

In the fall of 1941, Konev was appointed commander of the Western Front. In this position, he suffered one of the biggest setbacks of the beginning of the war. Konev failed to get permission to withdraw the troops in time, and, as a result, about 600,000 Soviet soldiers and officers were surrounded near Bryansk and Yelnya. Zhukov saved the commander from the tribunal.

In 1943, the troops of the Steppe (later the 2nd Ukrainian) Front under the command of Konev liberated Belgorod, Kharkov, Poltava, Kremenchug and crossed the Dnieper. But most of all Konev was glorified by the Korsun-Shevchenskaya operation, as a result of which a large group of German troops was surrounded.

In 1944, already as commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front, Konev led the Lvov-Sandomierz operation in western Ukraine and southeastern Poland, which opened the way for a further offensive against Germany. Distinguished troops under the command of Konev and the Vistula-Oder operation, and in the battle for Berlin. During the latter, the rivalry between Konev and Zhukov manifested itself - each wanted to take the German capital first. Tensions between the marshals persisted until the end of their lives. In May 1945, Konev led the liquidation of the last major center of Nazi resistance in Prague.

After the war, Konev was the commander-in-chief of the ground forces and the first commander of the combined forces of the Warsaw Pact countries, he commanded troops in Hungary during the events of 1956.

Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich (1895–1977)

Marshal of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff.

In the position of Chief of the General Staff, which he held since 1942, Vasilevsky coordinated the actions of the fronts of the Red Army and participated in the development of all major operations of the Great Patriotic War. He, in particular, plays a key role in planning the operation to encircle the German troops near Stalingrad.

At the end of the war, after the death of General Chernyakhovsky, Vasilevsky asked to be relieved of his post as Chief of the General Staff, took the place of the deceased and led the assault on Koenigsberg. In the summer of 1945, Vasilevsky was transferred to the Far East and commanded the defeat of the Kwatun Army of Japan.

After the war, Vasilevsky headed the General Staff, and then was the Minister of Defense of the USSR, but after the death of Stalin, he went into the shadows and held less senior positions.

Tolbukhin Fedor Ivanovich (1894–1949)

Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, Tolbukhin served as chief of staff of the Transcaucasian District, and with its onset, the Transcaucasian Front. Under his leadership, a sudden operation was developed to bring Soviet troops into the northern part of Iran. Tolbukhin also developed the operation to land the Kerch landing, the result of which was to be the liberation of the Crimea. However, after its successful start, our troops were unable to develop success, suffered heavy losses, and Tolbukhin was removed from his post.

Having distinguished himself as commander of the 57th Army in the Battle of Stalingrad, Tolbukhin was appointed commander of the Southern (later 4th Ukrainian) Front. Under his command, a significant part of Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula were liberated. In 1944-45, when Tolbukhin was already in command of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, he led the troops during the liberation of Moldova, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and ended the war in Austria. The Iasi-Kishinev operation, planned by Tolbukhin and leading to the encirclement of a two hundred thousandth group of German-Romanian troops, entered the annals of military art (sometimes it is called the "Iasi-Kishinev Cannes").

After the war, Tolbukhin commanded the Southern Group of Forces in Romania and Bulgaria, and then the Transcaucasian Military District.

Vatutin Nikolai Fedorovich (1901–1944)

Soviet general of the army.

Before the war, Vatutin served as Deputy Chief of the General Staff, and with the outbreak of World War II, he was sent to the North-Western Front. In the region of Novgorod, under his leadership, several counterattacks were carried out, which slowed down the advance of Manstein's tank corps.

In 1942, Vatutin, who then headed the Southwestern Front, commanded Operation Little Saturn, the purpose of which was to prevent the German-Italian-Romanian troops from helping the Paulus army encircled near Stalingrad.

In 1943, Vatutin headed the Voronezh (later the 1st Ukrainian) Front. He played a very important role in the Battle of Kursk and the liberation of Kharkov and Belgorod. But Vatutin's most famous military operation was the crossing of the Dnieper and the liberation of Kyiv and Zhytomyr, and then Rovno. Together with the 2nd Ukrainian Front of Konev, the 1st Ukrainian Front of Vatutin also carried out the Korsun-Shevchenko operation.

At the end of February 1944, Vatutin's car came under fire from Ukrainian nationalists, and a month and a half later, the commander died of his wounds.

Great Britain

Montgomery Bernard Low (1887–1976)

British field marshal.

Prior to the outbreak of World War II, Montgomery was considered one of the bravest and most talented British military leaders, but his harsh, difficult character hampered his promotion. Montgomery, himself distinguished by physical endurance, paid great attention to the daily hard training of the troops entrusted to him.

At the beginning of World War II, when the Germans defeated France, parts of Montgomery covered the evacuation of the Allied forces. In 1942, Montgomery became commander of the British forces in North Africa, and achieved a turning point in this sector of the war, defeating the German-Italian grouping of troops in Egypt, at the Battle of El Alamein. Its significance was summarized by Winston Churchill: “Before the battle of Alamein, we did not know victories. We didn't know defeat after that." For this battle, Montgomery received the title of Viscount of Alamein. True, Montgomery's opponent, German Field Marshal Rommel, said that, having such resources as a British commander, he would have conquered the entire Middle East in a month.

After that, Montgomery was transferred to Europe, where he was supposed to act in close contact with the Americans. Here his quarrelsome nature affected: he came into conflict with the American commander Eisenhower, which had a bad effect on the interaction of troops and led to a number of relative military failures. Toward the end of the war, Montgomery successfully resisted the German counter-offensive in the Ardennes, and then conducted several military operations in Northern Europe.

After the war, Montgomery served as Chief of the British General Staff and subsequently as First Deputy Commander in Chief Allied Forces Europe.

Alexander Harold Rupert Leofric George (1891–1969)

British field marshal.

At the start of World War II, Alexander supervised the evacuation of British troops after the German takeover of France. Most of the personnel managed to be taken out, but almost all military equipment went to the enemy.

At the end of 1940, Alexander was assigned to Southeast Asia. He failed to defend Burma, but he managed to block the Japanese way to India.

In 1943, Alexander was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Land Forces in North Africa. Under his leadership, a large German-Italian grouping in Tunisia was defeated, and this, by and large, completed the campaign in North Africa and opened the way to Italy. Alexander commanded the landing of allied troops in Sicily, and then on the mainland. At the end of the war, he served as Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean.

After the war, Alexander received the title of Earl of Tunisia, for some time he was the Governor General of Canada, and then the British Minister of Defense.

USA

Eisenhower Dwight David (1890–1969)

General of the US Army.

He spent his childhood in a family whose members were pacifists for religious reasons, but Eisenhower chose a military career.

Eisenhower met the beginning of the Second World War in a rather modest rank of colonel. But his abilities were noticed by the chief of the American General Staff, George Marshall, and soon Eisenhower became head of the operational planning department.

In 1942, Eisenhower led Operation Torch, the Allied landings in North Africa. In early 1943, he was defeated by Rommel in the Battle of Kasserine Pass, but later the superior Anglo-American forces made a turning point in the North African campaign.

In 1944, Eisenhower oversaw the landing of the Allied forces in Normandy and the subsequent attack on Germany. At the end of the war, Eisenhower became the creator of the infamous camps for "disarmed enemy forces" that did not fall under the Geneva Convention on the Rights of Prisoners of War, which actually became death camps for German soldiers who got there.

After the war, Eisenhower was the commander of NATO forces, and then was elected twice as president of the United States.

MacArthur Douglas (1880–1964)

General of the US Army.

In his youth, MacArthur was not wanted to be admitted to the West Point Military Academy for health reasons, but he achieved his goal and, after graduating from the academy, was recognized as its best graduate in history. He received the rank of general in the First World War.

In 1941-42, MacArthur led the defense of the Philippines from Japanese troops. The enemy managed to take the American units by surprise and gain a great advantage at the very beginning of the campaign. After the loss of the Philippines, he uttered the famous phrase: "I did what I could, but I'll be back."

After being appointed commander of the Southwest Pacific, MacArthur countered Japanese plans to invade Australia and then led successful offensives in New Guinea and the Philippines.

On September 2, 1945, MacArthur, already with all the US military forces in the Pacific, accepted the Japanese surrender aboard the battleship Missouri, ending World War II.

After World War II, MacArthur commanded the occupying forces in Japan and later led American forces in the Korean War. The landing of American troops in Inchon, which he developed, became a classic of military art. He called for the nuclear bombing of China and the invasion of this country, after which he was dismissed.

Nimitz Chester William (1885–1966)

US Fleet Admiral.

Prior to World War II, Nimitz was engaged in the design and combat training of the American submarine fleet and headed the Bureau of Navigation. At the beginning of the war, after the disaster at Pearl Harbor, Nimitz was appointed commander of the US Pacific Fleet. His mission was to confront the Japanese in close contact with General MacArthur.

In 1942, the American fleet under the command of Nimitz managed to inflict the first serious defeat on the Japanese at Midway Atoll. And then, in 1943, win the fight for the strategically important island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands archipelago. In 1944-45, the fleet led by Nimitz played a decisive role in the liberation of other Pacific archipelagos, and at the end of the war carried out an amphibious landing in Japan. During the fighting, Nimitz used the tactic of sudden rapid movement from island to island, called the "frog jump".

Nimitz's return to his homeland was celebrated as a national holiday and was called "Nimitz Day". After the war, he led the demobilization of troops, and then oversaw the creation of a nuclear submarine fleet. At the Nuremberg trials, he defended his German colleague, Admiral Dennitsa, stating that he himself used the same methods of submarine warfare, thanks to which Dennitz escaped the death penalty.

Germany

Von Bock Theodor (1880–1945)

German Field Marshal.

Even before the outbreak of World War II, von Bock led the troops that carried out the Anschluss of Austria and invaded the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. With the outbreak of war, he commanded Army Group North during the war with Poland. In 1940, von Bock led the capture of Belgium and the Netherlands and the defeat of the French troops at Dunkirk. It was he who took the parade of German troops in occupied Paris.

Von Bock objected to an attack on the USSR, but when the decision was made, he led the Army Group Center, which carried out an attack in the main direction. After the failure of the attack on Moscow, he was considered one of the main responsible for this failure of the German army. In 1942, he led the Army Group "South" and for a long time successfully held back the offensive of Soviet troops on Kharkov.

Von Bock was distinguished by an extremely independent character, repeatedly clashed with Hitler and defiantly kept aloof from politics. After in the summer of 1942, von Bock opposed the Fuhrer's decision to divide Army Group South into 2 directions, Caucasian and Stalingrad, during the planned offensive, he was removed from command and sent to the reserve. A few days before the end of the war, von Bock died during an air raid.

Von Rundstedt Karl Rudolf Gerd (1875–1953)

German Field Marshal.

By the beginning of the Second World War, von Rundstedt, who had held important command positions back in the First World War, had already managed to retire. But in 1939, Hitler returned him to the army. Von Rundstedt became the main planner of the attack on Poland, codenamed "Weiss", and during its implementation he commanded Army Group South. He then led Army Group A, which played a key role in the capture of France, and also developed the failed Sea Lion plan to attack England.

Von Rundstedt objected to the Barbarossa plan, but after the decision was made to attack the USSR, he led Army Group South, which captured Kyiv and other major cities in the south of the country. After von Rundstedt, in order to avoid encirclement, violated the Fuhrer's order and withdrew troops from Rostov-on-Don, he was dismissed.

However, the very next year he was again drafted into the army to become commander-in-chief of the German armed forces in the West. His main task was to counter a possible Allied landing. After reviewing the situation, von Rundstedt warned Hitler that a long-term defense with the available forces would be impossible. At the decisive moment of the landings in Normandy, June 6, 1944, Hitler canceled von Rundstedt's order to transfer troops, thereby wasting time and giving the enemy an opportunity to develop the offensive. Already at the end of the war, von Rundstedt successfully resisted the Allied landing in Holland.

After the war, von Rundstedt, thanks to the intercession of the British, managed to avoid the Nuremberg Tribunal, and participated in it only as a witness.

Von Manstein Erich (1887–1973)

German Field Marshal.

Manstein was considered one of the strongest strategists of the Wehrmacht. In 1939, as Chief of Staff of Army Group A, he played a key role in developing a successful plan for the invasion of France.

In 1941, Manstein was part of Army Group North, which captured the Baltic states, and was preparing to attack Leningrad, but was soon transferred to the south. In 1941-42, the 11th Army under his command captured the Crimean Peninsula, and for the capture of Sevastopol, Manstein received the rank of Field Marshal.

Then Manstein commanded the Don Army Group and unsuccessfully tried to rescue the Paulus army from the Stalingrad cauldron. Since 1943, he led the Army Group "South" and inflicted a sensitive defeat on the Soviet troops near Kharkov, and then tried to prevent the crossing of the Dnieper. During the retreat, Manstein's troops used the tactics of "scorched earth".

Having suffered a defeat in the Battle of Korsun-Shevchensk, Manstein retreated, violating Hitler's order. Thus, he saved part of the army from encirclement, but after that he was forced to retire.

After the war, he was convicted by a British tribunal for war crimes for 18 years, but already in 1953 he was released, worked as a military adviser to the government of Germany and wrote his memoirs Lost Victories.

Guderian Heinz Wilhelm (1888–1954)

German colonel general, commander of the armored forces.

Guderian is one of the main theorists and practitioners of "blitzkrieg" - lightning war. He assigned a key role in it to tank units, which were supposed to break through behind enemy lines and disable command posts and communications. Such tactics were considered effective, but risky, creating the danger of being cut off from the main forces.

In 1939-40, in military campaigns against Poland and France, the blitzkrieg tactics fully justified itself. Guderian was at the pinnacle of fame: he received the rank of colonel general and high awards. However, in 1941, in the war against the Soviet Union, this tactic failed. The reason for this was both the vast Russian expanses and the cold climate in which equipment often refused to work, and the readiness of the Red Army units to resist this method of warfare. Guderian's tank troops suffered heavy losses near Moscow and were forced to retreat. After that, he was sent to the reserve, and later held the post of inspector general of tank troops.

After the war, Guderian, who was not charged with war crimes, was quickly released and lived out his life writing his memoirs.

Rommel Erwin Johann Eugen (1891–1944)

German Field Marshal, nicknamed "Desert Fox". He was distinguished by great independence and a penchant for risky attacking actions, even without the sanction of the command.

At the beginning of World War II, Rommel participated in the Polish and French campaigns, but his main successes were associated with military operations in North Africa. Rommel led the Afrika Korps, which was originally attached to help the Italian troops, who were defeated by the British. Instead of strengthening the defenses, as ordered by the order, Rommel went on the offensive with small forces and won important victories. He acted in the same way in the future. Like Manstein, Rommel assigned the main role to rapid breakthroughs and maneuvering of tank forces. And only by the end of 1942, when the British and Americans in North Africa had a great advantage in manpower and equipment, Rommel's troops began to suffer defeat. Subsequently, he fought in Italy and tried, together with von Rundstedt, with whom he had serious disagreements that affected the combat capability of the troops, to stop the Allied landings in Normandy.

In the pre-war period, Yamamoto paid great attention to the construction of aircraft carriers and the creation of naval aviation, thanks to which the Japanese fleet became one of the strongest in the world. For a long time, Yamamoto lived in the United States and had the opportunity to study the army of the future enemy well. On the eve of the start of the war, he warned the country's leadership: “In the first six to twelve months of the war, I will demonstrate an uninterrupted chain of victories. But if the confrontation lasts two or three years, I have no confidence in the final victory.

Yamamoto planned and personally led the Pearl Harbor operation. On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft taking off from aircraft carriers defeated the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and inflicted enormous damage on the US Navy and Air Force. After that, Yamamoto won a number of victories in the central and southern parts of the Pacific. But on June 4, 1942, he suffered a serious defeat from the Allies at Midway Atoll. This happened largely due to the fact that the Americans managed to decipher the codes of the Japanese Navy and get all the information about the upcoming operation. After that, the war, as Yamamoto feared, took on a protracted character.

Unlike many other Japanese generals, Yamashita did not commit suicide after the surrender of Japan, but surrendered. In 1946 he was executed on charges of war crimes. His case set a legal precedent, dubbed the "Yamashita Rule": according to it, the commander is responsible for not suppressing the war crimes of his subordinates.

Other countries

Von Mannerheim Carl Gustav Emil (1867–1951)

Finnish marshal.

Before the 1917 revolution, when Finland was part of the Russian Empire, Mannerheim was an officer in the Russian army and rose to the rank of lieutenant general. On the eve of World War II, he, as chairman of the Finnish Defense Council, was engaged in strengthening the Finnish army. According to his plan, in particular, powerful defensive fortifications were erected on the Karelian Isthmus, which went down in history as the "Mannerheim Line".

When the Soviet-Finnish war began at the end of 1939, the 72-year-old Mannerheim led the country's army. Under his command, the Finnish troops for a long time held back the offensive of the Soviet units, which significantly outnumbered them. As a result, Finland retained its independence, although the terms of the peace were very difficult for it.

During the Second World War, when Finland was an ally of Hitler's Germany, Mannerheim showed the art of political maneuvering, avoiding active hostilities with all his might. And in 1944, Finland broke the pact with Germany, and at the end of the war it was already fighting against the Germans, coordinating actions with the Red Army.

At the end of the war, Mannerheim was elected President of Finland, but already in 1946 he left this post for health reasons.

Tito Josip Broz (1892–1980)

Marshal of Yugoslavia.

Before the outbreak of World War II, Tito was a figure in the Yugoslav communist movement. After the German attack on Yugoslavia, he began organizing partisan detachments. At first, the Titoites acted together with the remnants of the tsarist army and the monarchists, who were called "Chetniks". However, the differences with the latter eventually became so strong that it came to military clashes.

Tito managed to organize scattered partisan detachments into a powerful partisan army numbering a quarter of a million fighters under the leadership of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia. She used not only the methods of war traditional for partisans, but also entered into open battles with fascist divisions. At the end of 1943, Tito was officially recognized by the Allies as the leader of Yugoslavia. During the liberation of the country, Tito's army acted jointly with the Soviet troops.

Shortly after the war, Tito took over Yugoslavia and remained in power until his death. Despite the socialist orientation, he pursued a fairly independent policy.

Veteran of the Great Patriotic War Karpunina Ksenia Pavlovna

Commissar of the 2nd Squadron of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Guard captain. In the Red Army since 1941. In the army since May 1942. As part of the regiment, she participated in the battle for the Caucasus, the liberation of the Kuban, Crimea. In 1943, due to the liquidation of the post of commissar, she left the regiment.

Veterans of the Great Patriotic War Antonov P.V. and Parshutkin V.T.

Antonov Pavel was born into a peasant family in the village. Starkovo, Moscow province, Bronnitsky district, Zagornovskaya volost, January 13, 1902.

Parshutkin Vasily Trofimovich was born on January 11, 1919. in the village of Krasny - Shadym, Mordovian ASSR.

Zapevalov Alexander Ivanovich

Alexander Ivanovich Zapevalov was born in 1897 in the village of Voskresenskoye, Cherepovets district, Vologda region. Member of the CPSU.

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, he worked in the People's Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR. During the war he was at the front. Later, behind enemy lines, he was the commander of a sabotage group, the secretary of the party organization of the detachment, and later of the Budyonny brigade.

He was awarded the Order of the Red Star and nine medals.

Participants of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 -

Heroes of the Soviet Union, residents of the Northern Medvedkovo district

The hero of the USSR

BORISKIN Pyotr Nikitovich

Boriskin Pyotr Nikitovich was born on July 20, 1921 in the village of Asanovo, Korablinsky district, Ryazan region, into a peasant family. In 1939 he graduated from the 7th grade of the Nikitinsky incomplete secondary school and went to Moscow to live with his older sister. He got a job as a milling machine operator at the plant number 8 named after. Kalinin in the city of Kaliningrad, Moscow Region. On October 10, 1940, the Mytishchi RVC was drafted into the Red Army. He served in the Volga Military District in the 3rd Panzer Division, in reconnaissance. battalion as a signalman-motorcyclist.

From October 1941 to December 15, 1942 Boriskin P.N. on the Volkhov front, where the command of the unit noticed a brave motorcyclist and sent him to study at the Kazan Tank School, from which he graduated in 1943. Having received the rank of junior lieutenant, he becomes a tank commander. He fights in the 87th separate tank regiment, which soon became the Red Banner Zhytomyr, which was part of the 15th Guards Mechanized Division, 1st Ukrainian Front.

Junior Lieutenant Boriskin P.N. with the crew of his tank took part in many military operations. He especially distinguished himself in battle, when in the direction of Art. Saw his tank as part of a platoon was in the Zimforst area. On the night of January 27-28, 1945, the enemy launched a counterattack with superior forces, as a result of which he cut off 4 tanks of the mechanized corps and the 21st Guards Cavalry Regiment from the rest of the division. The situation in this area has become serious. Then Junior Lieutenant Boriskin withdrew his tank from the ambush and, as part of a platoon, at night and in difficult terrain, went on the offensive against the enemy grouping. Only thanks to the bold and decisive actions of the tankers, the position of the 21st Guards Cavalry Regiment was restored, the enemy was thrown back to the previously occupied line of defense with heavy losses for him. In this fight Boriskin P.N. destroyed 2 tanks, 1 cannon and dispersed up to a company of enemy infantry.

In the battles for mastering the bridgehead on the western bank of the Oder River on January 31, 1945, Junior Lieutenant Boriskin received an order to support the fighting of the 27th Guards Cavalry Regiment on the western bank of the Oder River along the Oderbrück-Leng road with fire and tank maneuver. 4 enemy self-propelled guns attacked his tank. The brave officer entered into single combat with them, and, despite the fact that the preponderance of forces was one to four, Boriskin P.N. came out victorious, destroyed two self-propelled guns of the enemy along with the crews. The rest turned back.

With his bold and decisive actions, Junior Lieutenant Boriskin ensured the safe entry of the division's units to the crossing. An enemy shell knocked out and set fire to his tank. The crew was completely disabled, the driver was killed, the radiotelegraph operator was seriously wounded. Junior Lieutenant Boriskin, being wounded, did not leave the tank and crew, but remained in the tank until the unit commander ordered me to go to the hospital. Burning with hatred for the enemy, Boriskin P.N. did not go to the hospital, but sat on another tank and again rushed into battle, where he destroyed 1 tank, 2 armored personnel carriers with fire from a tank gun, suppressed the fire of one mortar battery and destroyed up to a company of enemy infantry.

For exemplary performance of combat missions of command in the battles for capturing and holding a foothold on the western bank of the Oder River, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, Junior Lieutenant Boriskin Petr Nikitovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

After the war, in 1947, Lieutenant Boriskin P.N. graduated from advanced training courses for officers at the Ulyanovsk Tank School and continued to serve in the Soviet Army. In 1953, with the rank of captain, he retired to the reserve, and until his retirement he lived and worked in the Moscow region, in the village of Lokomotivny, Solnechnogorsk district. After retirement, Boriskin P.N. moved to Moscow and lived in Severny Medvedkovo on Polyarnaya Street. On April 8, 1990, he died and was buried at the Transfiguration Cemetery.

For service to the Motherland, Hero of the Soviet Union Boriskin Pyotr Nikitovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the medals "For Military Merit", "For the Defense of Leningrad", "For the Victory over Germany" and many others. His surname is carved in the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union in the Hall of Fame on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow.

The hero of the USSR

EFIMOV Ivan Nikolaevich

Retired lieutenant colonel Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich was born on October 23, 1918 in the village of Novotroitskoye, Ternovsky district, Voronezh region, into a peasant family. After graduating from the 7th grade in 1936, he left for Moscow. He worked at a car depot and at the same time worked at the flying club, which he dreamed of from early childhood. In 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to the school of junior aviation specialists. In 1943 he graduated from the Ulyanovsk military aviation pilot school. Since February 1944 Efimov I.N. in the army, he flies on the Ilah, first as an ordinary attack pilot, then as an air unit commander of the 565th assault aviation regiment, 224th assault aviation division, 8th assault aviation corps, 8th air army, 4th Ukrainian front. In March 1944, the 224th Assault Aviation Division moved from the Moscow region to Ukraine.

In 1944 he participated in the battles for the liberation of Western Ukraine, including the cities of Starokonstantinov, Chernivtsi, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Drohobych, Lviv, in the battles for the liberation of the Carpathians. On March 19, 1944, as part of a group of 8 aircraft, Efimov I.N. . flew to attack the troops and military equipment of the enemy. Going on the attack, he brought down on the enemy the full power of the fire of his aircraft. From machine guns and cannons, he fired at the Nazis, who sat in the trenches and trenches, and with rockets and bombs he hit enemy artillery and mortar batteries.

In July 1944, having broken through the enemy's defenses, our troops rapidly moved forward. Already on the outskirts of Lvov, the command became aware that the enemy was preparing a counterattack. To the southeast of the city, the Nazis concentrated a large number of tanks and assault guns. And again Efimov I.N. on a combat course. Despite heavy anti-aircraft fire from the enemy, his group destroyed 5 enemy tanks on this sortie. Combat sorties for Efimov I.N. have become commonplace. It was especially difficult in the Carpathians. Flying between the mountains, he sought out and inflicted crushing blows on the accumulation of enemy troops in narrow gorges and passes. In 1945 Efimov I.N. participated in the liberation of Poland, in the battles over the Oder and in Czechoslovakia.

In February 1945, Efimov I.N., the leader of the eight attack aircraft, flew to attack the Zebrzydowice station in Polish Silesia. When approaching it, he noticed an enemy fortified area. The enemy met the Soviet planes with strong barrage fire. "Ilys" stood in battle formation and suppressed anti-aircraft batteries, others, at the command of the leader, attacked the armored train, fired at it with rockets, and then struck with anti-tank aerial bombs. The task was completed - the armored train was destroyed.

On another occasion, Yefimov was given the task of reconnoitring an enemy crossing across the Oder River. Pilots Efimov and Fufachev could not detect any signs of it. And when they were reconnoitering approaches to the river, trying to find at least access roads behind enemy lines, enemy anti-aircraft gunners opened heavy barrage fire. The follower fired a volley of rockets at the firing position of the fascist anti-aircraft gunners, located on the very bank of the river. At the same time, Efimov dropped several bombs. One of them fell into the water near the shore. After the explosion, fragments of logs and planks floated down the river. The crossing, hidden under water at a depth of 15 - 25 centimeters, was discovered and attacked by Soviet attack aircraft. The bombs were right on target.

By April 1945, the flight commander of the 565th assault aviation regiment, senior lieutenant Efimov I.N. made 142 sorties for reconnaissance and attack of railway echelons, armored trains, crossings, concentrations of enemy troops.

For the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 29, 1945, Senior Lieutenant Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal ".

In total, during the war years, Efimov made 183 sorties to attack enemy military facilities. Deputy squadron commander senior lieutenant Efimov made his last sortie on May 8, 1945. It was near the city of Olomouc in Czechoslovakia.

June 24, 1945 Hero of the Soviet Union Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich participated in the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow.

At the end of the Great Patriotic War, Ivan Nikolaevich Efimov served in the Air Force for more than ten years, conscientiously fulfilling his military duty. A front-line soldier trained young pilots, generously passed on his rich combat experience to them. Died March 10, 2010.

Ivan Nikolayevich was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Star, the medal "For the Victory over Germany" and the 18th other medals. His name is carved on the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union in the Hall of Fame on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow.

Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich lived next to us in Zaryov Passage.

Veteran of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.

Alekseev Ivan Sergeevich

I, Ivan Sergeevich Alekseev, was born on January 14, 1927, in the village of Oskolishche, Volokonovsky District, Kursk (now Belgorod) Region, into a peasant family. I don't remember my parents. When I was five years old, there was a terrible famine in the country, there was nothing to eat, and my parents, saving me from starvation, threw me into an orphanage, and disappeared. I never saw them again, and later I learned that they had died. He was brought up and grew up in an orphanage. In 1941, with the approach of the Nazis to our area, our orphanage was evacuated to Uzbekistan, to the city of Namangan.

There I continued to study at a regular school, but, given my inclination and passion for music, I was transferred as a pupil to the 2nd Moscow School of Military Musicians, which was also located in Namangan. The school was headed by Colonel Zlobin. This school opened all the parades on Red Square before the war. In 1944, the head of the military orchestra service of the Red Army, General Chernetsky, came to the school to check and readiness to return the school to Moscow. In the same year, the school of military musicians returned to Moscow, including myself.

Soon I was drafted into the army and sent to serve in the military band at the Higher School of Bandmasters of the Red Army. With this orchestra, as part of the combined orchestra, I took part in the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square on June 24, 1945.

In 1945, I entered this higher school, graduated in 1949 and was sent as a conductor to a separate Moscow special-purpose division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He served in various positions until 1987. He retired with the rank of colonel from the post of head of the military orchestra service of the special purpose division.

For service to the Motherland I have awards: the medal "For the Victory over Germany" and other commemorative medals, a total of 14 medals.

Member of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.

ZHIDKOV Elisey Grigorievich

I, Zhidkov Elisey Grigoryevich, was born on June 12, 1917 in Belarus. In 1939 he graduated from the Minsk Infantry School, was awarded the military rank of lieutenant.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, being an officer of the operational department of the headquarters of the 38th Army (second formation), he was directly involved in the preparation and conduct of operations conducted by the army troops.

The first major offensive operation in which the 38th Army participated was the Voronezh-Kastornenskaya. This operation is the beginning of the main victorious march of the 38th Army to Victory over fascism. By March 1943, the army fought its way to the line east of the city of Sumy. In July-August, she participated in the Battle of Kursk. Then the defeat of the Nazis on the left-bank Ukraine and participation in the heroic crossing of the Dnieper. She played a decisive role in the liberation of the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv.

From January 1943 until the victorious end of the war, the 38th Army advanced almost continuously to the west. They liberated hundreds of Soviet cities, thousands of villages, including: Sumy, Kyiv, Zhitomir, Vinnitsa, Lvov. Participated in the defeat of the enemy in Poland and Czechoslovakia.

The duties of an operations officer were long, complex, and sometimes deadly. In addition to direct participation in the planning and organization of military operations, the collection and generalization of situational data, the development of combat documents and bringing them to the executors, he performed combat missions related to command and control in various types of combat.

When crossing the Dnieper, I was on the bridgehead in the Lyutezh area as a representative of the Military Council of the army to correct the combat operations of the military branches and control the course of the battle to expand the bridgehead and prepare for the development of the offensive.

On January 28, 1944, during the operation to liberate the right-bank Ukraine, a difficult situation developed in the zone of operations of the 17th Guards Rifle Corps. The enemy with a large number of tanks and motorized infantry broke through the battle formations of our troops, cut the railway south of the Lipovets station and continued to advance towards the village of Vladimirovka, threatening to go to the rear of our army.

Army Commander General Moskalenko K.S. decided to urgently turn the tank brigade on the march and counterattack the enemy. I had to convey this order to the corps commander and the commander of the tank brigade. However, communication with the corps and the brigade was absent at that time. I was ordered to urgently deliver the order of the commander to the destination on the U-2 plane. On approaching the headquarters of the corps, our aircraft was attacked by two enemy fighter aircraft. The pilot - senior lieutenant began to cling to the ground, trying to land, but was wounded in the air, and our plane crashed into the snow. I was sitting on the plane unattached, and I was thrown out of the plane about 30 meters ahead. At this time, the "Messerschmites" fired at our plane a second time, trying to burn it. We fell on neutral territory. On the one hand, enemy tanks are firing, on the other, our artillery. The pilot was killed, I took his documents, ran to the corps headquarters and handed the order from the commander to the corps commander.

When we flew, communication with the corps was restored. The corps commander received this order by radio and at the same time reported that our plane had been shot down, and the officer and pilot had died. I walked about 40 kilometers to the army headquarters and reported to the commander that I had handed the order to the corps commander. The pilot was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Star.

In the battles on the right-bank Ukraine, the army continued to develop the offensive, repelling enemy counterattacks. The command post of the army moved after the troops at a short distance. The enemy, holding back our offensive, counterattacked with the use of "tiger" tanks. Some of our fighters could not stand it and began to retreat in a panic. The army commander sends me to the threatened area to clarify the situation. I went with the soldiers of the security company to the battle formations of the troops. We succeeded in front of the location of the army headquarters, firing machine guns over their heads and, by our own example, stopped the fleeing. One lieutenant with the remnants of a 45 mm gun crew fled in a panic from the tanks and stopped in front of the house where the commander was located. At that time, I reported to the commander that the situation had been restored, the enemy attack had been repulsed. General Colonel Moskalenko saw an officer with a cannon through the window, ordered to bring him to him. The lieutenant reported in fright: "Everyone died, two soldiers and I survived." The commander ordered me to shoot the officer. I took him away from the house, shot him twice in the air, and told the lieutenant: "Run quickly to your unit and continue to fight for real." I felt sorry for the young officer, he would come to his senses and still benefit the Motherland.

In difficult battle conditions, when unit commanders were out of order, he took control. More than once he led mobile groups to destroy the enemy, who had infiltrated on the flanks and junctions in the battle formations of our troops.

September - October 1944, the 38th Army carried out the Carpathian-Dukla operation. Parts of the 70th Guards Division in the area southwest of the city of Ivly, being cut off from the main forces of the army, on September 15 and 16 fought stubborn battles surrounded by the enemy. Army commander Moskalenko K.S. sent officers of the operational department to this difficult area - Lieutenant Colonel Syvak M.A., Major Lyshko O.A. and me - Major Zhidkov E.G. In difficult encirclement conditions, when a number of commanders were out of action, we took control of subunits more than once and restored the situation in threatened sectors. In a fight with the enemy, Syvak and Lyshko were killed, I, by a lucky chance, remained alive.

Often it was necessary to assist the commanders of formations and units in the preparation, organization and conduct of the battle. To exercise control over the fulfillment by the troops of the tasks determined by the order. Provide the army command with data on the position of troops during the battle, and upon receipt of conflicting information, clarify it by the direct location on the front line or line occupied by advanced units.

The front commander, General of the Army Petrov I.E., arrived at the command post of the army. A decision was made to introduce the second echelon of the army to develop the offensive. In the direction of entering the 2nd echelon, fierce battles were fought for a large settlement with two divisions. One division commander reports that this settlement is occupied by the Germans, the second - that it is not. If busy - the 2nd echelon must be entered and vice versa. It was urgently necessary to clarify the veracity of the information on this report. The commander sends me urgently to clarify the situation on the spot. When I drove up to the point in a car, our car was fired upon with automatic weapons, while the settlement itself was littered with the corpses of soldiers - ours and the enemy. On the outskirts, the command post of one regiment of our division was found in the attic of a house. The settlement was not occupied by the enemy, fierce battles were fought for it. Based on my report, truthful, the necessary decision was made to bring the second echelon into battle.

In the Carpathians in the Dukla direction, in fierce battles, he acted together with officers of the Czechoslovak Corps.

It seems to me that there is no need to enumerate all the combat activities of an officer of the operational department of the headquarters. The department was the main body for command and control of troops in the hands of the commander and chief of staff of the army.

The war ended on May 9, 1945, but the troops of the 38th Army continued to destroy scattered enemy groups in Czechoslovakia until May 12. At this time, I finished my military service in the operational department of the headquarters and was sent to study at the M.V. Frunze.

On June 24, 1945, I took part in the Victory Parade in Moscow as part of the combined regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, commanded by Marshal Rokossovsky K.K.

After graduating from the academy M.V. Frunze, I continued my service in the Armed Forces. In 1952 he graduated from the second academy - the General Staff, served in large operational headquarters. Before leaving the Armed Forces, he held the position of senior lecturer in the department of operational art at the military academy of the General Staff. In 1974, on July 12, he was dismissed from active military service to the reserve (due to age).

After his dismissal from the Armed Forces, he was hired by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Metrological Service of the State Standard for the position of head of the scientific department, where he worked for 17 years.

For service to the Motherland he was awarded: Orders of the Red Banner of War and the Red Banner of Labor, three Orders of the Red Star, three Orders of the "Patriotic War" and the Order "For Service to the Motherland in the USSR Armed Forces"; medals "For Military Merit", "For Distinction in Guarding the State Border of the USSR", "Veteran of the Armed Forces" and ten commemorative medals.

He was also awarded two foreign orders: the American Officer's Order of Merit and the Iranian Order of Hamayun, 2nd degree.

ZAKHAROV Sergey Fedotovich.

I, Sergey Fedotovich Zakharov, was born on February 28, 1921, into a peasant family in the village of Gruzdovka, Kaluga District, Kaluga Region. In 1929, they moved to live in the Moscow region, where he graduated from the 7th grade of high school and, before being drafted into the army, worked at enterprises in the city of Moscow. In April 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army and served as a private in a construction battalion until the start of World War II.

With the outbreak of war, he was transferred to the 333rd Infantry Regiment, with which he arrived on the Western Front near the city of Kalinin. The fascist army, following Hitler's directive, abandoned its main forces and sought to capture Moscow. Here, on the Western Front, participating in fierce battles with the Nazis, I was wounded, and after my recovery I was seconded to the city of Gorky for courses for junior commanders.

After completing the course, I arrived in the 2nd Tank Corps of the Voronezh Front in the motorized infantry. Retreating with battles, he reached Stalingrad, and on the outskirts of it he was again wounded. Treatment took place in a hospital in Saratov. After recovery, he again arrived in Stalingrad in the 284th rifle division of the 62nd army of the foreman company, with which he took part in the battles until the end of the defeat of the Nazis near Stalingrad, i.e. until February 2, 1943. Here he was twice lightly wounded, treated in the sanitary battalion.

After the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, I was sent to courses for lieutenants of the 62nd - 8th Guards Army. Upon completion of training on May 15, 1943, I was awarded the rank of lieutenant of the guards and remained in the courses as a commander of a rifle platoon and a teacher of fire and drill training.

After the first release of platoon commanders, he was sent to the front line by the commander of a rifle company of the 79th Guards Rifle Division of the 8th Guards Army on the 3rd Ukrainian Front. He took part in the crossing of the Dnieper River, in the liberation of the cities of Zaporozhye and Odessa. In the battles for the city of Krivoy Rog, he was again wounded, and was again sent to the Saratov hospital for treatment. After recovering, he was seconded to the city of Ulyanovsk for advanced training courses for infantry officers.

After studying for six months, he was sent to the 1st Belorussian Front in the 61st Army, the 9th Guards Corps, the 12th Guards Division as a commander of a rifle company. I served in this division until the end of the war, participating in the battles for the liberation of Warsaw, Koenigsberg, Frankfurt on the Oder, crossing the Vistula and Oder rivers, participating in the storming of Berlin, and was slightly wounded twice more.

At the end of the war, he was honored to take part in the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, 1945. When selecting candidates for the Parade, the following were taken into account: positive combat characteristics, military awards, height and combat bearing.

On June 25, 1945, he married, lived with his wife for 57 years, raised a son and a daughter. After the Victory Parade, he returned to Germany and served for another year in the military commandant's office of the city of Halle.

Member of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.

SIGALOV Victor Monevich.

I, Viktor Monevich Sigalov, was born on October 18, 1920 in the city of Dnepropetrovsk. In 1924 my family moved to Moscow, where I graduated from high school and worked in a printing house. In 1939 he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to serve in the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (KBF). The war found me in the service of the 1st submarine brigade. We stood at the mouth of the Dvina, in Bolderai, 18 kilometers from Riga. After leaving Tallinn, they were based in Kronstadt.

On September 8, 1941, like many sailors, I was sent to the land front for the defense of Leningrad, to the 98th rifle regiment. In fierce battles near Oranienbaum (Lomonosov), on September 15, he was wounded, through a bullet wound to the right forearm and shoulder. The treatment took place in the hospital 1114 (Herzen Institute on Moika 48).

On November 8, 1941, he was discharged from the hospital and voluntarily went to the 5th separate ski battalion of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (KBF), which was being formed. As part of the battalion, he participated in the defense of Kronstadt, the protection of the winter road connecting Kronstadt with the mainland, in defense and combat operations in the Oranienbaum region and the Krasnaya Gorka and Gray Horse forts. Here again he was wounded.

After recovering, from April 1942 he served in the 1st trawling brigade of the KBF (later - the 1st Red Banner trawling brigade) in the 4th division of the Red Banner minesweepers TShch 62 and TShch 65. Participated in trawling the bay, escorting ships and supplying our islands in the Gulf of Finland, the liberation of the islands in the Vyborg Bay, the transfer of the 2nd Shock Army to the Oranienbaum bridgehead during the preparation of a breakthrough and lifting the blockade of Leningrad. He took part in the landing near Narva, the liberation of Tallinn, in the transfer of troops to the islands of Ezel and Dago.

On June 24, 1945, he participated in the Victory Parade in Moscow as part of the combined regiment of Baltic sailors with the rank of "foreman of the 2nd article." In 1947 he was demobilized, until his retirement he worked in the national economy of the country.

For service to the Motherland I have awards: the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Order of the Red Star, the Ushakov medal, the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad", the medal "For the Victory over Germany" and many commemorative medals.

Heroes of the Great Patriotic War, after whom the streets of the North-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow are named

Ivan Vasilievich Bochkov

Ace pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, participant in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars. He won more than twenty air victories, for his valor he was awarded the Orders of Lenin (twice), the Order of the Red Banner and the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, as well as the medal "For Courage".

Ivan Vasilievich Bochkov was born on September 17, 1915 in the territory of the present Baryatinsky district of the Kaluga region into a peasant family. In 1928 he came to Moscow. After graduating from the driver's course, he began working at the Caliber plant, while completing his studies at the flying club. In 1937 he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1939, Bochkov graduated from the Borisoglebsk Military Aviation School named after V.P. Chkalov, where he was sent to study.

He participated in the Soviet-Finnish war and was awarded a medal for his courage.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he had the rank of senior lieutenant, by February 1943 he was already a captain and head of the airborne rifle service of the 19th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, which was part of the 7th Air Army of the Karelian Front. In total, during the war, Bochkov made more than 300 sorties, participated in about 50 air battles, personally shot down 7 and as part of a group of 32 enemy aircraft. The heroic victories brought fame to the pilot - they jokingly said that the enemies put Bochkov in a difficult position, leaving no space on his plane for stars indicating the number of downed cars. The newspaper “Combat Watch” even called: “Pilot! Be as persistent, skillful and brave in battle as the captain Ivan Bochkov!”, but after the death of the ace.

On April 4, 1943, Ivan Bochkov and Pavel Kutakhov took to the skies on a combat alert. Bochkov defeated the formation of enemy aircraft, but noticed that Kutakhov was under attack, and hurried to the rescue. The life of a comrade was saved, but the ace himself died. He was buried in a mass grave at Shonguy station (Kola district of the Murmansk region).

May 1, 1943 Ivan Vasilyevich Bochkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.

In honor of Ivan Bochkov, a street was named in the North-Eastern district of Moscow, in the Ostankino district from Mira Avenue to Olminsky passage. In the garden of the Caliber plant, where Ivan Vasilyevich began to work, there is his bust.

Boris Lavrentievich Galushkin

Member of the Great Patriotic War, commander of the special detachment of the NKGB of the USSR "Help" of the partisan group "Arthur". Hero of the Soviet Union (November 5, 1944, posthumously), lieutenant.

Born in 1919 in the city of Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky (now the city of Shakhty).

In July 1941, from the fourth year of the institute, he volunteered for the Red Army and was sent to the front in the autumn of that year.

He fought on the Leningrad front, where he was wounded, hospitalized, but secretly fled from the hospital to the front. In 1942, he performed special tasks behind enemy lines in the territories of the Minsk and Vitebsk regions. In 1943 he became a member of the CPSU (b). In May 1943, he was appointed commander of the special detachment of the NKGB of the USSR "Help", which, in turn, was part of the "Arthur" group. Galushkin's detachment was able to derail twenty-four enemy echelons, destroy and damage twenty-three steam locomotives, dozens of vehicles, tanks and tractors, blow up six warehouses with ammunition and fodder, disable a paper mill in the city of Borisov, Minsk Region, a power plant, a timber and flax mill .

He died on June 15, 1944 during the exit from the encirclement as part of the assault group, which he commanded, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bLake Palik, Borisov District, Minsk Region.

He was buried in a mass grave in the village of Makovye, Borisovsky district, Minsk region, Belarus, among eighty-nine servicemen and partisans.

In honor of Boris Lavrentievich Galushkin, a street was named in the Alekseevsky district of the North-Eastern district of Moscow. Boris Galushkin Street starts from Prospekt Mira opposite the northern entrance of the All-Russian Exhibition Center, runs southeast parallel to Kasatkina Street, crosses Yaroslavskaya Street, Kosmonavtov Street, forming with it Academician Lyulka Square, Pavel Korchagin Street (on the right) and Rizhsky Proyezd, which, however, , at this point it is interrupted and goes out onto Boris Galushkin Street along with Pavel Korchagin Street. It ends at the overpass bridge over the railway tracks of the Yaroslavl direction, turning into Rostokinskiy proezd.

Sergei Konstantinovich Godovikov

Platoon commander of the 1183rd Infantry Regiment of the 356th Infantry Division of the 61st Army of the Central Front, lieutenant.

Born June 10, 1924 in Moscow. He graduated from nine classes of secondary school No. 237. He worked as a turner at the Caliber plant, was the secretary of the Komsomol factory committee.

In August 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from the Moscow Machine Gun School, stationed in the city of Mozhga, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since August 1943. Fought on the Central Front.

Platoon commander of the 1183rd Infantry Regiment, Junior Lieutenant S.K. Godovikov distinguished himself on September 28, 1943. The platoon successfully crossed the Dnieper near the village of Novoselki, and then, together with neighboring units, captured a bridgehead on the right bank of the river. Died in this battle. He was buried in the village of Novoselki, Repkinsky district, Chernihiv region.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 15, 1944, for the courage and heroism shown in forcing the Dnieper and holding a foothold on its right bank, Junior Lieutenant Sergei Konstantinovich Godovikov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In Moscow, a street was named after the Hero, a bust was erected on the Alley of Heroes on the territory of the Caliber plant. Godovikova Street is located in the Ostankinsky District of the North-Eastern District, between Murmansky Proyezd and Zvyozdny Boulevard.

Ivan Arkhipovich Dokukin

Member of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union, deputy squadron commander of the 504th assault aviation regiment of the 226th assault aviation division of the 8th air army of the South-Eastern Front, captain of the Air Force.

Born on June 17, 1920 in the village of Znamenka, now the Bolsheboldinsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Father died during the civil war. The mother went to work in Moscow, where in 1932 she took her son. After graduating from the FZU school, he worked as a welder in the thermite shop of the Moscow Caliber plant. In 1939, the Komsomol organization of the plant sent him to the glider school of the Rostokinsky district, after graduation - to the Tushinskaya, and then to the Serpukhov aviation school.

In the Red Army since 1939. In 1941 he graduated from the Serpukhov Military Aviation Pilot School. Since June 1941 in the army. The war found Ivan Dokukin in the aviation unit, which was based on the western border. From the very beginning of the war, the pilot participated in the battles. Defended the skies of Leningrad.

From October 9 to October 13, 1941, Ivan Dokukin on the Il-2 aircraft made 5 sorties to destroy enemy ground forces. As a result, together with other pilots of the unit, he destroyed up to a battalion of enemy infantry, several tanks and guns. In May 1942, near Kharkov, Dokukin, as part of the G8, made repeated raids on enemy airfields where Nazi fighters were stationed. Acting boldly and decisively, he and his comrades in a short time destroyed 15 German Me-109 aircraft on the ground and in air battles. From the middle of summer 1942, Dokukin fought at Stalingrad. On July 21, 1942, he made 9 combat visits to the enemy convoy, destroying 9 vehicles.

By September 25, 1942, the deputy squadron commander of the 504th assault aviation regiment, Lieutenant Dokukin, destroyed 8 aircraft, 15 tanks, 110 vehicles with military cargo, 15 motorcycles, 3 anti-aircraft guns, 4 gas tanks and many other enemy equipment.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 8, 1943, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Lieutenant Dokukin Ivan Arkhipovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal "(No. 833).

In the summer of 1943, Ivan Dokukin fought over the Mius River and in the skies of the Donbass. On July 8, 1943, he died in an air battle.

He was buried in the village of Zverevo, Rostov Region.

In the North-Eastern District, a street in the Rostokino district, located between Mira Avenue (beginning) and the intersection of 1st Leonov Passage with Leonov Street, bears the name of the Hero, as well as the team of the Caliber plant, on whose territory his bust is installed.

Sergey Vasilievich Milashenkov

Hero of the Soviet Union, attack pilot, born September 15, 1921, in the village of Lesovaya, now the Safonovsky district of the Smolensk region.

After graduating from the seven-year plan, he worked in Moscow in the artel of musical instruments, in the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper.

In the Red Army since 1940. In 1942 he graduated from the Engels Military Aviation Pilot School. Since December 1942 at the front. Squadron commander of the 109th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment, Guards Senior Lieutenant. Made 90 successful sorties. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1943.

On July 14, 1944, near the village of Mikulichi (Vladimir-Volynsky district of the Volyn region, Ukraine), during a combat mission, he was shot down. Then the pilot sent his burning plane to the accumulation of enemy troops. Air gunner Ivan Solop also died along with the pilot.

For this feat, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, S. V. Milashenkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Sergei Vasilyevich Milashenkov was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, and medals.

A street in the Butyrsky district of the North-Eastern District of Moscow, located between Fonvizin Street and Komdiv Orlov Street, is named after the Hero, the station of the Milashenkova Street monorail. Also in the Butyrsky district there is a secondary school No. 230 named after S.V. Milashenkov, a monument to the Hero was erected in the courtyard of school No. 1236.

Vladimir Alexandrovich Molodtsov

Soviet intelligence officer, captain of state security, partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union (November 5, 1944, posthumously) pseudonym - Pavel Vladimirovich Badaev. During the Great Patriotic War, he led a reconnaissance and sabotage detachment in occupied Odessa. Executed by the Romanian invaders. The place of burial is unknown.

Born on July 5, 1911 in the village of Sasovo, Elatomsky district of the Tambov province (now the Ryazan region).

In 1926 he joined the Komsomol (VLKSM) and soon became the secretary of the Kratov cell. After graduating from the Kratov school, he studied at the 9-year-old school in the city of Ramenskoye, Moscow Region, finished the 10th grade at the Moscow Railway School No. 1. He began his career in 1929 as a laborer, then as an assistant locksmith. In 1934 he studied at the workers' faculty at the Moscow Engineering and Economics Institute. S. Ordzhonikidze. In the same year, at the call of the party, he was sent to study at the Central School of the NKVD of the USSR. Since 1935 - in the central office (GUGB) of the NKVD of the USSR, assistant detective.

Since 1935 - lived with his family in the village. Nemchinovka. From December 1937 - lived in Moscow.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War on July 8, 1941, he accompanied his wife with 3 children to the evacuation to the city of Prokopyevsk (Kemerovo region). On July 19, 1941, having received a special assignment from the command, V.A. Molodtsov arrived in Odessa to organize partisan formations and to lead sabotage and reconnaissance work behind enemy lines under the pseudonym Pavel Badaev (operational name "Kir"). Directly led the detachments in the Odessa catacombs and in the city. On October 16-18, 1941, the first partisan strikes were made against the Romanian troops that invaded Odessa. Until the beginning of 1942, despite the extremely difficult conditions of stay in the catacombs, a detachment of partisans repeatedly destroyed wire communication lines, railway tracks, sabotage was committed in the seaport, the dam of the Khadzhibey Estuary was blown up, enemy manpower and equipment were destroyed, roads were mined, valuable reconnaissance equipment was mined. information for the bet. Soviet aviation more than once delivered precise bombing strikes, the coordinates for which the commander transmitted to the Center. A detachment of 75-80 people, based in the catacombs, diverted significant forces of the SS troops and field gendarmerie, numbering up to 16,000 people. The Romanian and German security services blew up, mined and concreted the exits, released poisonous gases into the mines, poisoned the water in the wells, left ambushes, etc., but the detachment acted.

On February 9, 1942, as a result of the betrayal of one of the members of the detachment, the commander of the unit Molodtsov V.A., his contacts T. Mezhigurskaya and T. Shestakova, as well as Yasha Gordienko, were arrested at a safe house in the city. In the Siguran prison, the commander and partisans courageously endured savage tortures, but did not extradite anyone.

On May 29, 1942 - Molodtsov spoke for the first time only after the death sentence was announced - he answered the offer to file a request for pardon: “We do not ask for pardon from our enemies on our land!”

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 5, 1944, for the heroic deed shown in the performance of special tasks behind enemy lines, Captain of State Security Vladimir Alexandrovich Molodtsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Also, Vladimir Aleksandrovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, medals "For the Defense of Odessa" and "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.

The memory of the Hero is immortalized in many cities of Russia and Ukraine. A street was named after him, which runs in the Northern and Southern Medvedkovo districts in the North-Eastern administrative district of Moscow. In the Northern Medvedkovo district, a memorial plaque was opened in 2010, named after V.A. Molodtsov named secondary school No. 285.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Orlov

Soviet military leader, colonel. Fedor Mikhailovich was born in the village of Teterovka, Grodno province (now the Grodno region of Belarus) in 1878. From 1899 to 1905 he served as a private in the Guards Lancers, took part in the Russo-Japanese War. After graduating from the training team, he became a non-commissioned officer, took part in the First World War. After the October Revolution of 1917 in the Red Army. He was sent to the North Caucasus to organize the Red Guard and partisan detachments. In the spring of 1918 he was appointed commissar of the Kuban army. For military distinctions and exploits, he was repeatedly awarded with valuable gifts, including a gold personalized cigarette case. In 1920 Fedor Mikhailovich Orlov was awarded the first Order of the Red Banner. He was an associate of M.V. Frunze in the battles against Wrangel. In December 1920, he was appointed deputy commander of the Ukrainian and Crimean troops. In 1920-1921. Commander of the Kharkov Military District. From 1924 to 1931, for health reasons (during the Civil War, Orlov received 24 wounds and contusions), he was in the reserve of the Red Army. In 1931 he was appointed deputy head of the special department of military-technical propaganda of the Red Army. In 1935 he suffered a stroke, and in 1938 he was dismissed from the Red Army due to illness. From 1938 to 1941 deputy Head of the 7th Department of Plant No. 1 of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. In July 1941, Fyodor Mikhailovich appeared at the mobilization point of the people's militia, but was refused, he was already 63 years old. But after urgent requests, he was enrolled in the militia. Later he commanded a company, a reconnaissance battalion of the 6th division of the people's militia. Participated in the battles near Yelnya, received two wounds, a shell shock, but remained in the ranks and withdrew the remnants of the 6th Moscow Militia Division from the encirclement. At the end of September 1941, he was appointed commander of the 160th Infantry Division, reorganized from the 6th Moscow Division of the Dzerzhinsky District People's Militia. On January 29, 1942, near the village of Gridenki, Kaluga Region, Orlov received his twenty-fifth wound as a result of a German air raid. But already in August 1942 he returned to the troops again and only in 1946 he was dismissed from military service with the rank of colonel. Fedor Vasilyevich Orlov was awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner. A street in the Marfino district of the North-Eastern administrative district was named in honor of Komdiv Orlov.

Evgenia Maksimovna Rudneva

Navigator of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, Guards Senior Lieutenant. The hero of the USSR.

She was born on December 24, 1920 in the city of Berdyansk, now the Zaporozhye region of Ukraine. She lived in the village of Saltykovka, Moscow Region, in the city of Babushkin. In 1938, Zhenya graduated from high school with an honors certificate and became a student at the Mechanics and Mathematics Department of Moscow State University. Thanks to her extraordinary hard work and inquisitiveness, Zhenya quickly became one of the best students of the course at the university. In the same year, she began working in the All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Society (VAGO) in the Department of the Sun, and the very next year she was elected head of this department. At the same time, she also worked in the department of Variable Stars, with enthusiasm, often making observations all night long at the observatory on Presnya. In 1939, the first scientific article by E. Rudneva was published in the VAGO Bulletin No. 3: “Biological Observations During the Solar Eclipse of June 19, 1936.” When the Great Patriotic War began, Zhenya passed the spring examination session, finishing the third year. Passionately in love with her specialty, with distant unquenchable stars, a student who was predicted to have a great future, she firmly decided that she would not study until the war was over, that her path lay at the front. In the Red Army - since October 1941, she graduated from the navigation school. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War - since May 1942, she was a crew navigator. Navigator of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front), Senior Lieutenant E.M. Rudneva made 645 night combat sorties to destroy crossings, railway echelons, manpower and equipment of the enemy. She fought on the Transcaucasian, North Caucasian, 4th Ukrainian fronts. Participated in battles in the North Caucasus, Taman and Kerch peninsulas. The brave pilot died a heroic death on the night of April 9, 1944 during the execution, along with P.M. Prokopieva, a combat mission north of the city of Kerch, Crimean ASSR. She was buried in the hero city of Kerch at the Military Memorial Cemetery. Even before her death, she was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, Senior Lieutenant Rudneva Evgenia Maksimovna was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders. She was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Red Star, as well as medals. In honor of Evgenia Rudneva, a street was named in the Babushkinsky district of the North-Eastern district of the capital, a monument was erected.

Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov

Soviet tank officer, participant in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born on October 29, 1913 in the city of Ryazhsk, now the Ryazan Region. In the Red Army since 1939. He graduated from the courses of mechanics-drivers of tanks. Member of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-40. Senior tank driver of the 232nd separate reconnaissance tank battalion (39th separate light tank brigade, 13th army, North-Western Front), Komsomol organizer of the company, junior commander Andrei Serebryakov distinguished himself in battles in the Vyborg direction. On February 12, 1940, in the battle for the city of Kyyurel, a tanker drove a combat vehicle on the attack eight times, suppressing firing points and destroying enemy manpower. By their actions, the tank crew created favorable conditions for the offensive of the infantry unit. On February 28, 1940, during a reconnaissance raid deep into the enemy defenses in the area of ​​Lake Kheykurila, Andrei Serebryakov located eight pillboxes. The tank was hit, but the crew continued to fight until dark. At night, the tankers repaired the damage and returned to their unit. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 7, 1940, "for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Finnish White Guard and the courage and heroism shown at the same time," Junior Commander Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal » (No. 295). After the end of hostilities, the tanker lived in Moscow since 1940, worked in the state security agencies.

Member of the Great Patriotic War since 1942. The commander of the tank company named after Felix Dzerzhinsky of the 475th separate heavy tank battalion (whose KV tanks were made in May 1942 at the expense of the workers of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow), junior lieutenant of state security Serebryakov A.M. died a heroic death in battle on July 27, 1942 during the defense of the city of Voronezh. He was buried in a mass grave No. 13 (city park of Voronezh). Andrei Mikhailovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (February 16, 1943, posthumously), and medals.

The name of Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov is a passage in the Sviblovo district of the North-Eastern administrative district.