One of the punctuation marks is the comma, which is used in many cases, but all this must be done according to the rules of Russian spelling. However, there are controversial cases in which it would seem that a comma is just asking for inclusion in the text, but in fact it turns out that it is not needed.
Using commas in Russian spelling, the following parts of speech are distinguished:
Participles that have explanatory words next to them and come after a specific noun, except those closely adjacent to the verb. An example is the following sentence: “Several nearby mountain peaks, covered with caps of snow, sparkled in the rays of the setting sun.”
A comma also necessarily separates homogeneous members of a sentence, which can be connected using the following paired conjunctions:
1) both - and;
2) not as much - as;
3) not as much - as;
4) as much - as;
5) as much - as;
6) not only - but also;
7) if not, then;
8) at least - but;
9) although - a.
In all these cases, a comma is simply necessary as a dividing punctuation mark, otherwise the semantic load of the sentence itself will be very noticeably distorted.
The same applies to many pronouns, many of which require commas in the sentence. Let's look at one of the most common pronouns, “who,” and in what cases a comma can and should be placed in front of it.
The pronoun "who", devoid of its own lexical meaning and semantic load, is most often used as a substitute for a noun or adjective. However, it is also possible to substitute an adverb with a pronoun.
Let's consider the rules for using a comma before the pronoun "who" using the example of a specific sentence - "Many of those who visited this museum recalled the exhibition presented with admiration for a long time." As we can see, the comma in this case will simply be a necessary punctuation mark, because in this context of the sentence it separates two pronouns, and the sentence itself takes on a specific meaning.
And here is an example of another sentence - “On Sunday, my friends and I went to the river and took with us a fishing rod, an inflatable ring for swimming, and a mask and fins for scuba diving.” In this example, we can see that with the help of a comma, only the listed phrases and parts of the sentence are highlighted, but there is no comma between the words “with myself” and “who”.
Therefore, you must always proceed from the context of the sentence, and take into account the rule that a comma is placed between two pronouns in the following cases:
1) Those who.
2) To those who.
3) The one who.
4) Those who.
5) To the one who.
6) About those who.
7) Everyone who.
8) Anyone who.
And in some other cases, a comma is still placed before the pronoun “who”.
Thus, having become familiar with the rules of Russian spelling and having studied them properly, a person has the opportunity to competently express his thoughts in writing. But a person’s image is made up of many components and the smallest details, and spelling literacy plays an important role in this. It is difficult to imagine a modern successful businessman who writes with errors - it will look simply funny and absurd.
A competent person is immediately visible, and from the first words it is noticeable what he is like. That is why in many companies, during the hiring process, job seekers are given a standard questionnaire to fill out - and in this case, your level of literacy and education is also checked, you can be sure of it!
Video review
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Hello. Tell me, please, is there a comma in the program name before “what”? “The program “My House and Everything in It” allows you to insure movable property in individual residential buildings.”
Comma before What needed.
| Question No. 303815 | ||
In a sentence: “We are just a tiny fragment of a force that is capable of everything that can and cannot be imagined.” Is there a comma after "all" and before "what"? On what basis, if so?
Russian help desk response
Comma before What needed. It is placed between parts of a complex sentence.
| Question No. 303661 | ||
Please tell me how to correctly place commas in the slogan: “When you come to Auto-Radio, you will find everything you need!”
Russian help desk response
| Question No. 303180 | ||
Hello! Please tell me whether a comma is needed in the following phrase: “may you have everything you want”
Russian help desk response
A comma is not used if it means “anything, absolutely everything.”
| Question No. 295291 | ||
Are commas needed before what? Everything I saw, everything I heard and something else.
Russian help desk response
Right: Everything I saw, everything I heard, and something else.
| Question No. 294042 | ||
Hello! I have long been tormented by the question, which is correct: “Everything that happened between us” or “Everything that happened between us”? And in what cases is there no comma before “what”?
Russian help desk response
Right: everything that happened between us. Comma before What is not put if this word is part of indecomposable combinations, for example: say whatever you want; take what they give; I’ll find something to do; get what you need; work that is needed etc.
| Question No. 293781 | ||
Please tell me, I really need your advice. There is a slogan: there is everything you need. Is there a need for a comma before "what" here? Thank you.
Russian help desk response
Preferably with a comma: Has everything you need.
| Question No. 292687 | ||
Anything can happen to the Russian language: perestroika, transformation, transformation, but not extinction. Hello. Many of your answers to the expression “anything” are written without a comma to mean “absolutely everything.” The line above is from the Total Dictation of previous years. Why does it have this expression with a semicolon? Doesn't this expression have the same meaning here?
Russian help desk response
The Expert Council of the Total Dictation in 2010 accepted both options (both with and without a comma) as acceptable and commented on this paragraph as follows: “ Anything - You can put a comma or not. Formally and historicallyanything– this is a subordinate clause (so you can put a comma), but it has already turned into a stable expression (= miscellaneous , unpredictable, so you don’t have to put a comma). The National Corpus of the Russian Language shows different punctuation options for this phrase. All texts by the Strugatskys from the National Corpus contain a comma. But in the printed publications of the Strugatskys there was an example without a comma».
| Question No. 292181 | ||
In a sentence, you can tell them anything you want, and they will believe it. Is there a need for a comma after the word "want?" I would be grateful for your answer.
Russian help desk response
If the words All you want are used to mean “anything, absolutely everything,” then the correct punctuation is: You can tell them anything you want and they will believe you.
| Question No. 291122 | ||
Good afternoon Tell me how to correctly place punctuation marks in the sentence “If people did everything they wanted on time, they would be happier.”? Is there a need for a comma before “what” in this case? And why?
Russian help desk response
Correctly: If people did everything they wanted on time, they would be happier.
| Question No. 290685 | ||
Is it correct to put a comma in the phrase: “do everything(,) anything”? But to be honest, in our lives we are sometimes ready to do anything but pray.
Russian help desk response
No comma needed.
| Question No. 288495 | ||
Yes, do whatever you want! Please check the commas.
Russian help desk response
Depending on the intonation, two options are possible: Yes do whatever you want! And Yes, do whatever you want!
| Question No. 286891 | ||
“Yes, guys, this is a drawing for a free portrait. All you need to participate is: - subscribe to our page - repost this post. The winner will be determined at random on February 20. Good luck!” Do I need to put a comma after “Everything” and what other errors are there in the text. help me please
Russian help desk response
Correctly: Yes guys, it's a giveaway for a free portrait. Everything you need to participate:
- repost this post.
| Question No. 286648 | ||
Hello! Which punctuation option is correct, in your opinion? The one who cures will be rewarded - Great honors and everything you need! Or: The one who cures will be rewarded! Great honors and all that is needed! Thank you. And I'm waiting for an answer.
Russian help desk response
Correct punctuation: The one who cures will receive a reward: great honors and everything you need!
| Question No. 286195 | ||
How to place punctuation marks? He wrote down everything he could get his hands on.
Russian help desk response
Right: He wrote down everything that came under his pen.
Dealing with commas before the conjunction “how”
Advice for those who want to learn to put commas only where necessary
NEED A COMMA 1. I worked like a galley slave.
This famous statement by Vladimir Putin illustrates the rule very well: a comma is placed if the sentence contains a circumstance expressed by a comparative phrase that begins with a conjunction How.
Note: Do not forget that if the sentence continues, then after the comparative phrase you must also put a comma.
COMMA NEED NOT 1. They behave like owners here
This phrase can often be heard in relation to visitors. A comma is not needed here, because the phrase is part of the predicate: a sentence without such a phrase makes no sense. Similar example: “She behaves like a mistress.”
COMMA NEEDED
2. - Okay, let's say you don't remember how you got on the plane. But how did you get out of there, you were supposed to remember?!
- I m-should remember... but I don't r-remember...
This passage from "The Irony of Fate" illustrates another rule: a comma is necessary if a conjunction connects parts of a complex sentence.
COMMA NEED NOT 2. Everything will be like clockwork: first there will be singing every evening, then the pipes in the toilets will freeze, then the steam heating boiler will burst, and so on...
This quote from the movie Heart of a Dog illustrates the following rule: no comma is placed if the turn is with How is part of a phraseological unit, that is, a stable expression.
Other examples: sitting on pins and needles, pouring like a bucket.
COMMA NEEDED 3. You're right, as always, old monkey. !
Mowgli's quote from The Jungle Book helps us remember that turnover As always separated by commas. The revolutions are also separated usually, To as an exception, as a consequence, as always, as now, as on purpose, as for example, as now.
COMMA NEED NOT 3.Lake like a mirror, snow like a blanket, hands like wings .
In these little sentences a comma is not placed, because the conjunction stands between the subject and the predicate, and it could be replaced by a dash: hands - wings.
COMMA NEEDED 4. As a doctor, I have a duty to warn you about the danger .
A comma is placed if the phrase has a connotation of causal meaning (I declare because I am a doctor).
Is it true, There are more complicated cases:
for example, a famous quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin”: “Lensky was accepted everywhere How groom". There can be two interpretations here: accepted by the groom and accepted because he was the groom.
Pushkin has no comma.
COMMA NEED NOT 4. We have everything wrong How in people.
This sacramental a phrase that each of us utters almost every day illustrates the following rule: a comma is not placed if the phrase is with a conjunction How preceded by a negative particle Not, as well as words completely, completely, almost, like, exactly, exactly, simply.
Remember Chekhov: “Your brooch looks like a bee.”
You often read news and large serious materials from reputable, respected publications on the Internet and catch yourself thinking: who is the author of these illiterate lines, where did they study, who taught them to use written Russian so ineptly. In addition to , a mistake in which, unfortunately, even specialist philologists make, many errors in the field of syntax and punctuation began to be found in the texts of would-be journalists.
Simply put, the question of where to put a comma, whether it is needed here or not, and if it is needed, then why, causes enormous difficulties for most writers. One gets the impression that they did not study this section of the Russian language either at school or at university, and they put punctuation marks where there is a pause in the language - this is where they strive to “stick” their “hook”. But in language, not everything is so simple - it has its own rules. MIR 24 decided to recall some of the punctuation features of the Russian language.
Punctuation refers to the system of punctuation marks in the written language, the rules for their placement in written speech, as well as the section of grammar that studies these rules. Punctuation makes clear the syntactic and intonation structure of speech, highlighting individual sentences and members of sentences. This greatly facilitates oral reproduction of what has been written.
(along with the colon and dash) is the most complex punctuation mark. In order to understand whether a given sentence contains a comma, you need to remember a few simple rules. In writing, this sign is used to highlight and isolate participial and participial phrases, definitions, isolations, addresses, interjections, interjections, clarifications and, of course, introductory words.
Also, a comma is used to separate between direct and indirect speech, between parts of a complex, complex and compound sentence, and homogeneous members of a sentence.
This punctuation mark is used either singly or in pairs. Single commas serve to divide a whole sentence into parts, separating these parts by marking their boundaries. For example, in a complex sentence it is necessary to separate two simple parts, and in a simple sentence - homogeneous members of the sentence that are used in listing. Paired commas highlight an independent part of a sentence, marking boundaries on both sides. On both sides, participial and adverbial phrases, introductory words, and addresses in the middle of a sentence are most often distinguished. To understand where commas are placed, remember a few rules.
The main thing is the meaning
The most important thing is to understand the meaning of the sentence to understand the meaning of the sentence. One of the functions of punctuation marks is to convey correct semantics. If a comma is placed in the wrong place, the meaning is instantly distorted and a comic effect appears. For example: “Yesterday I entertained my sister, who was sick, playing the guitar.”
To highlight an independent part of a sentence, you need to read the sentence without this part. If the meaning of the sentence is clear, then the removed part is independent. Commas, as a rule, always highlight adverbial phrases, introductory sentences and words. For example: “The other day it became known that a friend of mine, returning from vacation, forgot her phone in the train car.” If we remove the participial phrase from this sentence, its meaning will hardly change: “The other day it became known that a friend of mine forgot her phone in the train car.”
However, there are cases when the gerund adjoins the predicate and in its meaning becomes similar to an adverb. In such cases, single participles are not separated by commas. “Why, sir, are you crying? Live your life laughing” (A.S. Griboyedov). If the gerund participle is removed from this sentence, it will become incomprehensible.
Insidious treatment
Addresses are always separated by commas in sentences. If it is in the middle or end of a sentence, it is not very easy to identify. For example: Tell me, boy, how far is it to the city? You are wrong, wife, when you say that Lionel Messi is not a football genius. Well, haven’t you noticed, sister, that the clock hanging on the wall has stopped?”
Let's compare
In almost all cases, a comma is used when talking about comparative phrases. It is easy to find in a sentence, mainly thanks to conjunctions as if, exactly, as, as if, as, rather than than, etc. However, there are exceptions. Comparative phrases are not highlighted if they are phraseological units. For example: It was as if he had disappeared into the ground. Rain cats and dogs and so on.
Between homogeneous members
A comma is placed between homogeneous terms, but not always. A comma is necessary for conjunctions such as a, yes, but, but, however. Also, a comma is needed between homogeneous members that are connected by repeating conjunctions (and ... and, or ... or, not that ... not that, either ... or). There is no need to put a comma between homogeneous members that are connected by single conjunctions yes, and, either, or. In addition, repeating conjunctions before homogeneous members of the sentence will help determine where commas are placed.
Difficulties arise when homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions come across. Between homogeneous definitions, a comma is necessary. For example: interesting, fascinating book. For heterogeneous definitions, there is no need to use a comma: interesting philosophical novel. The word “interesting” expresses the impression in this phrase, and “philosophical” means that the novel belongs to a certain genre.
Boundaries of simple sentences
In complex sentences, a comma is placed before coordinating conjunctions. These are unions like and, yes, or, either, yes and. The main thing here is to correctly determine where one simple sentence ends and another begins. To do this, you need to find a grammatical basis in each of them (subjects and predicates) or divide a complex sentence according to its meaning.
Defined word in participial phrase
A comma is placed in sentences with a participial phrase, but also not always. The main thing here is to remember that participles are isolated only if they appear after the word they define. The word being defined is the one from which the question is asked to the participial phrase. For example: The bus standing at the bus stop broke down. If this does not happen, a comma is not needed: The bus standing at the stop has broken down.
A comma is always placed before contrastive conjunctions - but, yeah, uh.
Oh those interjections
Affirmative, interrogative, negative words, as well as interjections, require commas. There is always a comma after the interjection: “Competent speech, alas, is a rarity these days”. But not everything is so simple here. The interjection must be distinguished from particles such as oh, ah, well– they are used for reinforcement, as well as particles O, used when addressing. “What are you like!”, “Oh, close your pale legs!” (V. Brusov).
Here, of course, everything is very schematic and brief - Russian punctuation is much more complex and richer. But even these tips, I hope, will help you write correctly and put commas where they are justified by the rules, and not use them where they are not needed. I wish you success in mastering the “great and mighty” and remind you:
How to correctly pronounce, speak and write - the New Season program will test your knowledge and teach you on the air of the MIR TV channel from September 3. The program will air on button 18 on Sundays at 7:20.
Every week, TV viewers will be able to learn new and interesting facts about the “great and mighty.” The program will continue to be hosted by the charismatic Sergei Fedorov, who promises to fill the program not only with intelligence, but also with sparkling humor.
Ivan Rakovich
