dedicated to Russian Language Day.
Target:
broaden your horizons by getting acquainted with the origins of Russian writing.
Tasks:
1) introduce the lives of Saints Methodius and Cyril;
2) develop a respectful attitude towards native origins and the Russian language;
3) develop cognitive interest in the history of the native language.
Lesson type: combined, integrated
Preliminary work:
1) Compile a historical background about Cyril and Methodius, who stood at the origins of Slavic writing.
3) Prepare handouts
4) Prepare messages (students)
Lesson content:
“Language is the history of a people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. Therefore, studying and preserving the Russian language is not an idle activity because there is nothing to do, but an urgent necessity.”
(A. Kuprin)
As a material for literature, the Slavic-Russian language has an undeniable superiority over all European ones.
(A.S. Pushkin)
The enlightenment of the Slavs is one of the most important achievements of the 9th century; it is inextricably linked with the invention of Slavic writing and with the introduction of the Slavs to the cultural heritage of Greek education and spiritual life. And it was realized as a result of the activities of two Thessalonica brothers, Constantine-Cyril and Methodius, who became apostles and teachers for the Slavic peoples.
Historical reference.
Student messages:
A) Cyril and Methodius were born at the beginning of the 9th century in the city of Thessaloniki of the Byzantine Empire on the shores of the Aegean Sea. Their father was Bulgarian, and their mother was Greek.
B) The younger Kirill loved languages and reading since childhood, and was a gifted boy. At the age of 14, he studied at the court of Emperor Michael in Constantinople, surprising everyone with his talent and hard work.
C) In 3 months, Kirill studied grammar, then took up geometry, dialectics, philosophy, and became interested in arithmetic, astronomy, and music. For his great mind he was called a philosopher.
D) He knew 5 languages: Slavic, Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic, so he freely read books of all world religions. And he was able to learn to speak these languages while working as a librarian.
D) And the first library in Rus' was created by Yaroslav the Wise, who ordered children to “teach with books”
And when Tsar Michael sent Cyril to Moravia, he went, but on the condition that he would speak there only in his native language - Slavic. The brothers really wanted to create Slavic writing. And so their great civic feat began.
Let's talk about what a feat is. (we work in notebooks)
A feat is a great work.
(The slide shows a table, from each part of which you need to write down verbs).
What did Cyril and Methodius do?
What else needed to be done?
What was stopping you?
Studied Russian writings
Convince people that they need this alphabet
They were not understood
Heard the sounds of Slavic speech
Learn to use it
They didn't get help
They compiled a special alphabet for the Slavs
Open schools
They were hindered in everything
Translated the holy books into Slavic language
Create ABC books
They were being chased
Train teachers
Kirill could not stand it all and died when he was only 42 years old. His work was continued by brother Methodius. They achieved their goal, taught the Slavs their writing.
Count how many verbs we found that showed us the actions of Cyril and Methodius? (9 )
And how many of those verbs that showed the opposition of their enemies? (4)
Who won? (great enlighteners)
That's why we now have writing. That is why we remember the feat of Cyril and Methodius in the name of knowledge.
The poet Rosenheim wrote “Hymn to Cyril and Methodius, the Enlighteners of the Slavs”
Glory to you, brothers, enlighteners of the Slavs,
Holy Fathers of the Slavic Church!
Glory to you, the Truth of ChristTeachers ,
Glory to you, our creators of letters!
Work in notebooks
Copy the text. Underline those words that show us the author’s attitude towards Cyril and Methodius. Perform a phonetic analysis of the highlighted word.
People loved their alphabet and respected those who understood it and could read it. And those who could write lovingly decorated the capital letters of the beginning of the text with skillful ornaments. The expression “red line” has been preserved from those distant times. These were a miracle - letters.
People who could draw with sharpened goose or swan feathers were called isographic artists. To beautifully draw a title or initial letter, they used cinnabar - a paint made from mercury and sulfur - the color was red. When decorating, it was possible to add green and blue colors, and in especially expensive books the letters were written in “gold”, i.e. yellow color.
In front of you are sheets of letters, now I suggest everyone to work as isographers and draw one of the letters of the alphabet (we draw) what we got. (We attach the letters to the board). On the board they wrote the phrase “And the word sounded!”
Now let's see
Questions for the class:
So how can we call the work of the enlighteners Cyril and Methodius for the fact that we can speak and write? (Feat)
To make such a beautiful proposal, what did we do with you? (Worked hard)
And this work gave us happiness? (Knowledge)
Aphorisms about Russian language:
Let's explain each statement(front work)
Take care of the properties of your own language, because what we love in the Latin, French or German style is sometimes worthy of laughter in Russian.
M. Lomonosov
To use a foreign word when there is an equivalent Russian word means to insult both common sense and common taste.
V. Belinsky
The Russian language in skillful hands and experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and capacious.
A. Kuprin
Only having mastered the initial material, that is, our native language, to the possible perfection, will we be able to master a foreign language to the possible perfection, but not before.
F.M. Dostoevsky
You marvel at the preciousness of our language: every sound is a gift: everything is grainy, large, like the pearl itself, and, truly, another name is even more precious than the thing itself.
N.V. Gogol
Reinforcement of material (quiz):
1. Who created the 1st Slavic alphabet? (Cyril and Methodius)
2. In what century were the brothers Cyril and Methodius born? (in the 9th century)
3. How many languages did Kirill know? (5 languages)
4. Who created the first library in Rus'? (Yaroslav the Wise)
5. How did they write books in ancient times? (goose and swan feathers)
6. What kind of paint was used for the capital letters? (cinnabar)
7. Why is the alphabet called the alphabet? (by the name of its first letters)
8. What were people called who could draw with goose and swan feathers? (by isographic artists)
9. At what age did Kirill die? (42 years)
10. What was Kirill’s nickname? (philosopher)
Lesson summary:
Did you like today's lesson? Let's summarize the lesson.
Reflection
LEARNED
REMEMBERED
MADE A CONCLUSION
Conclusion from the lesson:
Today in class we got acquainted with the origins of Slavic writing and learned about the creatorsit and with the introduction of the Slavs to the cultural heritage of Greek education and spiritual life. We became convinced that the Russian language really has an undeniable superiority over other languages.
Homework:
You learned about the creators of Slavic writing and the alphabet, the brothers Cyril and Methodius. And for the next lesson, prepare a message about the creator of the first library, Yaroslav the Wise. And try to portray it.
Thank you all for your excellent work and activity.
Klimanova Alina Vladimirovna – teacher of Russian language and literatureMBOU secondary school No. 34 town. Dzhubga municipal formation Tuapse district; in 2013 she graduated from Yeisk Pedagogical College with a degree in primary school teaching; Currently, she is a student at the Adyghe State University, majoring in philology.
Russian language lesson notes,
dedicated to Russian Language Day
Grade 10
Teacher of Russian language and literature
MAOU secondary school No. 38 in Kaliningrad
Voitenko Elena Petrovna
2018
Kaliningrad
Topic: “Language is the guardian of the spiritual culture of the nation.”
Integrated speech development lesson in 10th grade
(Russian language, literature).
Target:
nurturing the idea of the Russian language as a spiritual, moral and cultural value of the people.
Tasks:
1
. Educational
Fostering love for the native word, the Russian language as a symbol of the state;
Fostering a sense of pride in the strength and beauty of the Russian word as an exponent of the mentality of the Russian nation;
Cultivating a caring attitude towards words.
2 . Educational
Improving the skill of multi-aspect text analysis;
Creating your own literary text as an emotional response to the topic raised.
3. Developmental
Development of critical thinking of students when working with text;
Development of emotional responsiveness and sensitivity to the richness and beauty of the Russian word;
Development of students' creative abilities.
Methods and technologies used in the lesson: - dialogue technology, polylogue;
Personally centered learning;
Elements of critical thinking technology;
Productive and creative method (essay writing).
“Preservation of the Russian language, literature and culture
- these are national security issues,
maintaining their identity in the global world,”
V.V. Putin at the congress of the Society of Russian Literature.
Lesson structure I stage
Challenge (creating creative motivation for a speech development lesson).
1.The teacher's word.
Russian language! What a storm of feelings, emotions, thoughts, experiences will wash over each of us when we thoughtfully pronounce this phrase! For many of us, Russian is our native language.
But the native language for a person’s personality is approximately the same as air for his body. In language we think, communicate, create, make decisions, and if not free breathing is a threat to life, then not fluent language is a threat to personality. Yes, the most important means of communication isword. You cannot do without correct speech. Business is the ability to speak convincingly. Politics is the ability to persuade and win sympathy. And ordinary human relationships - friendship, cooperation, love - are permeated through and through with words. A person’s ideas about the world and his country in this world are reflected in word usage: after all, everything begins with a word and ends in a word.
Language is the basis of spiritual culture. This is the beautiful thing that we inherited from our ancestors. Language is a connection between times and peoples. Everyone should love, respect and value their language, no matter what language group they belong to.
Respect for your language is respect for yourself, for your homeland.
The topic of today's lesson is one of the stages of an important dialogue about the spiritual traditions of our Fatherland, which you can continue in literature, history, social studies, and foreign language lessons.
2. Understanding the epigraph.
Let's turn to the epigraph of the lesson. Find keywords.
Creating a cluster
Russian language
Saving, saving
National security
Your own identity
Global world
Work in groups (students use explanatory dictionaries)
Give an interpretation of the keywords.
Discussion of lexical meanings.
How do you understand the main idea of the epigraph?
Preserving the Russian language is not only preserving the culture of the people, its spiritual component, but preservingnation.
II stage
Comprehension
Techniques:
Reading text
Multi-aspect analysis
Work in pairs
Title of the text
Teacher:
This is the historical responsibility that lies with each generation for the transmission of the language in safety and purity, which means that the same responsibility rests with every person.The great Russian teacher Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky pointed out that the native language is the best exponent of the spiritual properties of the people.
1. Reading and understanding the text.
“The language of a people is the best, never fading and ever-blooming flower of its entire spiritual life, which begins far beyond the boundaries of history. The entire people and their entire homeland are spiritualized in language; in it the creative power of the people's spirit transforms into thought, into picture and sound the sky of the fatherland, its air, its physical phenomena, its climate, its fields, mountains and valleys, its forests and rivers, its storms and thunderstorms - all that deep, full of thought and feelings are the voice of native nature, which speaks so loudly about a person’s love for his sometimes harsh homeland, which is expressed so clearly in native songs and native tunes, in the mouths of folk poets. But in the bright, transparent depths of the folk language, not only the nature of the native country is reflected, but also the entire history of the spiritual life of the people... Language is the most living, most abundant and lasting connection, connecting the obsolete, living and future generations of the people into one great, historical living whole. It not only expresses the vitality of the people, but is precisely this life itself. When a people’s language disappears, there are no more people!” (K.D. Ushinsky "Native Word").
Questions and tasks:
Read the text to yourself and give it a title.
Read the text expressively out loud.
What is this text about? What is its theme?
How does he prove his point? What arguments does he give?
What is the conclusion?
What means of artistic expression help the author convincingly present his position?
2. Reflecting on what you read (creating your own text).
Do you share the author's point of view? Answer the question in writing.
3. Solving the linguoculturological problem.
Teacher. Cyril and Methodius are the creators of Slavic writing. Russia traditionally celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture on May 24. In 863, they created the alphabet for the Slavic peoples converted to Christianity; from this time, Slavic writing and books began.We must remember that every word has its own historical root, its own deep spiritual meaning.
Exercise: write your associations with the wordGratitude.
(checking the records).
I suggest you study what the word “gratitude” means. When and how did it appear in the language?
To understand the meaning of the word “gratitude”, let us turn to the materials of etymological, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries, to the works of philosophers and publicists.In this work we use materials from the following sources: “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegov, “Etymological Dictionary” by M. Vasmer, “Etymological Dictionary” by N.M. Shansky, “Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language” by A.V. Semenov, “Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" by I.A. Krylova, "Explanatory Dictionary" by V.I. Dahland etc.
Work in groups: with handouts.
Group No. 1. Lexicography of the word.
1. Explanatory dictionary of V. I. Dahl:
To thank or thank someone, for what, for what, to give in word or deed, or to wish someone good, good; express gratitude, appreciation; declare oneself a debtor for a service, acknowledge a favor; to thank someone, to say thank you. Not to the host's guests, but to the host to thank the guests. Thanksgiving is the act of giving thanks, expressing gratitude, gratitude; gratitude - a feeling of gratitude, a desire to repay someone for a favor, service, good deed; the very execution of this in practice. Beneficial or grateful - capable. Grace – gifts of the Holy Spirit; help sent from above to fulfill the will of God; mercy, beneficence, beneficence, help, advantage, benefit, abundance, excess, contentment.
2. Explanatory dictionary S.I. Ozhegova :
GRATITUDE - A feeling of gratitude towards someone. for the kindness, attention, service provided. Accept something with gratitude. Bring b. someone Do something. as a sign of gratitude or b. for something 2. only plural. Words expressing these feelings (colloquial). Be showered with gratitude. 4. Official action. Announce b. in the order. Get B. from the directorate.
3. Explanatory dictionary D.N. Ushakova:
Gratitude – 1) a feeling of gratitude for good done. 2) expression of this feeling. Be showered with gratitude. 3) bribe.
Conclusion: general in the interpretation of the word “gratitude” in the explanatory dictionaries of D.N. Ushakova, V.I. Dahl and S.I. Ozhegov is that gratitude is interpreted as a feeling or its expression. But in the dictionary D.N. Ushakov also mentions the meaning of gratitude as a bribe, and in the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova as an official action.
Group No. 2. Etymology of the word.
1.Etymological dictionary of the Russian language I.A. Krylova:
Borrowing from Old Church Slavonic, where the noun benefit ("good, happiness") arose on the basis of the neuter adjective benefit - "good." The original Russian form of this word is preserved only in the name of the city of Bologoye between Moscow and St. Petersburg.
2. :
good
Old Russian - swamp.
Old Church Slavonic is good.
Common Slavic – bolgo (good).
The word “good” in the meaning of “good, benefit” has been known since the ancient Russian era (XI-XII centuries).
In the full vowel form “bologo” it was borrowed from Church Slavonic, where the close modern form “good” was used.
The word goes back to the common Slavic substantivized neuter adjective bolgo from bolgъ (-а, -о) - “good, kind, good.”
Related are:
Ukrainian is good.
Czech – blaho.
Derivatives: beneficial, charitable, well-being, benefactor, benefactor, grace, noble, ennoble.
3. Etymological dictionary by A. Sitnikova:.
GOOD.
From Art.-Sl. language Sl.-sl. good - “good, happiness” arose on the basis of adjectives. Wed R. good - “good” as a result of the morphological-syntactic method of word formation.
This word, like many words with the first part good (grace, prosperity, benefactor, complacency, etc.), came from the Old Church Slavonic language, in which it was a calque of the Greek word with the meaning of the parts “good, good” and “to give, to present.”
Thank, gratitude, thanksgiving, appreciation.
4. Etymological dictionary of M. Vasmer :
good good -cer. glory borrowed instead of original Russian. *bolog; see bologo.
Good is very common in word combinations as a correspondence to the Greek. εὑ-for example: pious εὑσεβής, good-natured εὑήθης, nobleεὑγενής, etc..
5. Etymological dictionary of N.M. Shansky:
Thanks to. Icon.It arose from the participle thanks - from thanking, borrowing. from Art.-Sl. lang., derivational tracing paper Greek. eucharisteīn (eu “good, good”, charisteīn “give, present”).
Conclusion: A comparison of dictionary entries in various etymological dictionaries about the word “thank” allows us to conclude that all authors of etymological dictionaries believe: the word “thank” comes from the Old Slavonic “good”, which came from the ancient Greek language.
Group No. 3. Interpretation of words in other dictionaries and encyclopedias.
1. Bezrukova V.S. Fundamentals of spiritual culture:
GRATITUDE is the attitude of a person towards a person (group, organization) who has provided him with a benefit or service in the past, expressed in a special feeling of readiness to reciprocate the benefit and in corresponding practical actions.
2. Letyagova T.V. A thousand states of the soul: a brief psychological and philological dictionary:
Gratitude is an emotional and sensory state of gratitude, a high appreciation of the significance of someone’s actions or relationships. It is expressed as love, respect for a person or the team of an organization, as a willingness to do good in return.
3. Bim-Bad B. M. Pedagogical terminological dictionary:
Gratitude is a feeling of approval or love towards another person for a benefit done to them. As a moral feeling and duty, B. goes back to the most ancient relations of ceremonial exchange of gifts, as well as to relations of reciprocity of services. In the history of thought, many moralists saw in b. the fundamental manifestation of goodness in human activity. Initially b. was understood as a return of service for service, as reciprocity, characterizing selfish relationships (Aristotle, Seneca, I. Kant. explain gift as a special kind of gift, namely, unselfish, voluntary, valuable in itself, is comprehended gradually. In antiquity, b. was understood as a virtue. Christianity is understood rather as a duty.
Conclusion: The above dictionaries consider gratitude as a moral quality of a person, characterized by gratitude and a willingness to reciprocate.
Group No. 4. Interpretation of the word in the Bible.
“Give thanks, gratitude, thanksgiving, gratitude...Both verb and noun in the Old Testament are represented by the word"yadhah" , and in the New Testament - the Greek word"euchariste" . And the word"eucharisteo" - usually used in Greek in the direct sense of "to give thanks", while the word"yadhah" is one of the synonyms for such concepts as “glorify”, “praise”, “bless”. Therefore, in the Old Testament this word is often translated as praise, glorification, glorification, glorification, glorification.
In the New Testament, Gratitude to God is praising and glorifying our Creator for who He is and for His great works.” This is Gratitude to God for his sacrifice for the salvation of man.And according to Archimandrite Savva (Mazhuko): “Easter is a holidaythanks , because it is gratitude that lies at the foundation of Christianity.”
Old TestamentNew Testament
Gratitude
"yadhah"
Thank
"eucharistein"
Thank
Translation
Same as
"glorify", "praise", "bless"
"thank"
Meaning
praise, glorification, glorification of God
gratitude to God for his sacrifice for the salvation of man
Conclusion: the word “thank you” comes from the Old Slavonic “good”, which came from the ancient Greek language. - a common Slavic word meaning “good”, verbpresent , like a noun , are also common Slavic. The curious thing is this: the word is formedthank just like the Greek word eucharistein with the same meaning in Greek “good”, charistein - “give”, “offer”. In this case, the Russian language borrowed not the word itself, but the method of its formation. This method is called tracing paper.Eucharist , according to Christian doctrine, - a sacrament in which, under the guise of bread and wineChristians partake of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. This Sacrament forms the basis of the main Christian worship, the Divine Liturgy. In this regard, we can talk about the enormous importance of this moral category for the worldview of the Russian person - the bearer of Christian, namely Orthodox culture.
Teacher. As we see, understanding the mystery of the word reveals its depth and true meaning. Every Russian word has a soul.Vladimir Ivanovich Dal wrote:“You can’t joke with language: a person’s verbal speech is a visible connection, a link between soul and body, spirit and flesh.”
The Russian language is our national heritage. Our task is to pass on this jewel to subsequent generations in beauty, richness and purity. Ivan Bunin wrote about the high purpose of the word. Expressive reading of the poem “The Word”:
The tombs, mummies and bones are silent,
Only the word is given life:
From ancient darkness, on the world graveyard,
Only letters sound.
And we have no other property!
Know how to take care
At least to the best of my ability, in days of anger and suffering,
Our immortal gift is speech.
Reflection
Creation of creative works.
Creative work : Remember the topic of the lesson, the meaning of the epigraph and complete the sentence“Based on the attitude of each person to his language, one can accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also .....”. (K.G. Paustovsky).
Reading creative works. Comparison with the original source.
“Based on the attitude of each person to his language, one can accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also hisits civic value ) " (K.G. Paustovsky).
Conclusion
Teacher
What new did you learn about the Russian language in class today?
What new things have you learned about yourself after today's lesson?
I propose to conclude our lesson with the words of Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov: “The native word, known and comprehended in childhood, feeds the soul with poetry born of history, culture, traditions of the people, awakens in a person the origins of national pride. The native language is a repository of spiritual values. A person who refuses his native language is cut off from the roots of his ancestors; he cannot be a patriot of his small homeland. Any language is one of the main conditions for the unity and successful development of a nation. In this case, the Russian language is the greatest treasury of the national spiritual culture of the Russian people, the repository of their spiritual and moral ideas and ideals. Language education ensures a person’s familiarization with the spiritual heritage of previous generations and is the basis for the formation of an individual’s ethnic and civic self-awareness.”
Homework: write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of M.A.’s statement. Sholokhov.
Moscow Department of Education
ZOUDO GOU d/s 1671 compensating type
Russian lesson summary
"Doll's Birthday"
Compiled and conducted
Speech therapist Proskuryakova N.A.
Educator Antropova A.S.
Moscow 2009
Program content:
- Strengthen the skills of correct pronunciation of the sounds A, U, O, I. Learn to isolate (auditory and pronunciation) the sound A at the beginning of words. Continue to improve phonemic awareness, attention and memory in children. Activate the dictionary. Cultivate thrift and love for toys.
Progress of the lesson.
Speech therapist: I. Org moment. Guys, do you love play? Our fingers, tongue, nose, ears also love to play. Finger games (“Castle”, “Two Centipedes”, “At Malanya’s”).
II. Repetition. 1. Game “Close your eyes and listen to the sounds.” Children (suggested answer): Paper is rustling, paper is being cut, water is flowing, cars are honking, etc. Speech therapist: 2. “Name the sound” (showing visual symbols of the sounds A, O, U, I).3. “The sounds are hidden” (children show visual symbols that hang on the wall).4. “Guess the sound by articulation” (without voice) A, O, U, I.5. “Sound analysis of a series of two vowels” (by articulation, by visual symbols). Children (suggested answer): “AU” - Mashenka got lost in the forest;“UA” - a small child is crying;“Eeyore” - the donkey screams. Speech therapist: How many sounds are in the word “AU” (UA, IA)?Name the first sound, the second.
III. Introduction to the topic. 1.Name names that begin with the sound “A” Children (suggested answer): Anya, Alla, etc. Speech therapist: 2.Name the pictures and what sound they start with Children (suggested answer): Pineapple, stork, alphabet, etc. Speech therapist: 3. Riddle. They beat him, but he doesn’t cry, he just jumps higher, higher (the ball).4. Physical education minute.One, two - jump the ball,One, two - and we'll jump,Girls and boys jump like balls.
IV. Game "Who has arrived?" 1.Name in one word (father, mother, brother, sister) Children (suggested answer): Family
Speech therapist:
2. What holidays do you have in your family?
Children (suggested answer): Birthday, etc. Speech therapist: 3. Dolls also have birthdays. The doll's name begins with the sound A. What is her name? Children (suggested answer): Anya, Annushka. Speech therapist: 4. Doll Anya invites you to her birthday. Let's choose gifts for her, but they must begin with the sound A.
V. Children congratulate the doll on her birthday. 1. Game “What did the artist forget to draw?” Children (suggested answer): The horse has no tail. The doll has no hand. The bear doesn't have a paw, etc.
VI. Children read poems by A. Barto.
VII. The doll invites children to the table and treats them. The children thank the doll for the treat and say goodbye.
1. Organizational aspects. Subject message.
Purpose: to introduce the events of the life of Saints Cyril and Methodius, the compilers of the Slavic alphabet.
Equipment: portrait of Cyril and Methodius, alphabet, the words are written on the board: “Glory, you are brothers, enlighteners of the Slavs,” children are wearing sundresses, shirts, “History”, “Priest” costumes.
During the classes
Lesson topic message.
Teacher: Read the topic of the lesson on the board. What do you think our lesson is about?
(Students' answers)
Teacher: Our lesson is dedicated to the Day of Slavic Literature. Many years ago our Bulgarian brothers started this wonderful tradition. On the day of remembrance of Saints Cyril and Methodius, May 24, school studies end in Bulgaria. Teachers, students and their parents take to the streets of Sofia in a magnificent, colorful procession. Children and adults carry banners, banners and homemade flags with Slavic letters. Poems and prayers are heard glorifying the enlighteners of the Slavs:
Brothers! Holy Two
On this day we will joyfully honor!
Honest enlighteners
Let's make the memory bright.
A song of praise, great voice
Let us praise them:
Rejoice, Kirill,
Rejoice, Methodius,
Rejoice, apostles of the Slovenian countries!
Lesson topic message.
The wonderful tradition of celebrating the Days of Slavic Literature has been revived in Russia. We also weave our own Russian flower into this Slavic wreath - the Russian Language Holiday. We are preparing for this large and very important spiritual and educational holiday in advance, teaching and repeating poems and odes to the glory of the great Slavic teachers!
(Knock on the door, a girl comes in with a “History” sign on her head)
History: Good afternoon. Who am I? I came to you in a time machine from the distant past, from the 9th century. I have with me a history tape with dates, names, words, concepts. (Hangs out the alphabet on the board). I see the following words on the board: “Glory to you, brothers, enlighteners of the Slavs.”
Who are the brothers? Who are the Slavs?
How do you understand the word enlighteners?
Teacher: The memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius is celebrated throughout the Christian world on May 24.
Saints Cyril and Methodius are before us
We honor their great and glorious holiday.
Their simple letters are not sparks?
Isn't this a splash of heavenly rays?
Sheaves of the Great Eternal Light
They shone over people's lives.
To the north Slavic from the light south
They carried those holy sparks,
And they were not blown away by the severe blizzard,
They flared up across the bosom of the earth.
You are pure, young, sweet children!
Love the saints of these saints!
And let it appear before you in a mysterious light
Their faces shine in golden crowns.
In grave doubt, in everyday adversity.
When in trouble, repeat their names.
Our teachers, Cyril and Methodius
They keep us in prayer at all times.
History: There are many versions about the origin of the word SLAV, one of them is that it came from the words SLYT, SLYVIT, i.e. to become famous, to become famous or to become famous. The scientist wrote that by the names of their heroes, the people were first called that within their own country, and then the “glorious” name was established throughout the world.
Teacher: So who are the enlighteners of the Slavs, what did they become famous for? Let's listen to the historical song written by the Dyakov family.
HISTORICAL SONG ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS
Many years have passed since those distant times
Many waters have flowed into the sea-ocean,
And that feat is alive, has passed through the centuries
And he was embodied in the sound of letters.
Oh, a long time ago, 1000 years ago
To the emperor, yes the great one,
A man came from Moravia
With pain, with a request for the people, for our own -
Preach a sermon that is understandable,
So that he can have conversations with Christ.
It was no coincidence that the choice fell then -
On Cyril-light and Methodius,
Brothers of Thessalonica from Macedonia.
Cyril has been betrothed to Wisdom since childhood,
He learned important secrets of science,
The experience was rich and the soul was pure.
And Brother Methodius was very modest,
Taking care of my younger brother in everything,
Younger brother and beloved.
And Kirill created in a short time
The letters of the Slavs, to teach from them,
I took ancient letters as a basis,
The letters are ancient, Phoenician.
He took both the Gospel and the Psalter,
He translated everything from the Greek language,
Brother Methodius helped him.
Having said goodbye to my dear mother,
And having prayed carefully,
The bright brothers set off on their journey,
We went on a difficult journey to a foreign land.
They carried to the city of Velegrad
Your knowledge and invaluable work.
The people met them with great joy,
Rostislav showed them honor.
And everyone listened in amazement
To the wonderful sounds of native and understandable words.
People are messengers and chosen ones,
Gifted, illuminated,
They go on a difficult path, they carry a heavy cross,
But their deeds live on for centuries.
Teacher: From the “Tale of Bygone Years” we learn that one day the Slavic princes Rostislav, Svyatopolk, and Kotsel sent ambassadors to the Byzantine Tsar Michael with the following words: “Our land is baptized, but we have no teacher who would instruct and teach us, and explained the holy books. After all, we do not know either the Greek language or the Latin; some teach us this way, and others teach us differently, so we do not know either the outline of the letters or their meaning. And send us teachers who could tell us about the books. words and their meaning."
Then Tsar Michael summoned two learned brothers - Constantine and Methodius - and sent them to the Slavic land. The first teachers of the Slavs, Cyril and Methodius, were born and lived in Greece in the city of Thessaloniki in the 9th century. They were famous for their learning and education, deep faith in God and good knowledge of the Slavic language. Therefore, the Greek Patriarch Photius and Tsar Michael sent them to preach the Word of God to the Slavic peoples in a language they understood, which is why we call them Equal-to-the-Apostles, since, like the disciples of Christ, they carried the Word of God to other nations.
This happened in 863. The holy brothers composed letters, invented the Slavic alphabet, specially adapted for the accurate transmission of Slavic speech, and translated the Apostle and the Gospel. Together with their students, they translated all the Books of Holy Scripture from Greek into a language understandable to every Slav. The Church Slavonic language came to us in Rus' in 988. after Prince Vladimir received holy baptism, and then all of Rus' was baptized. “And the Slavs were glad that they heard about the greatness of God in their language.”
History: How do you understand the expression “Start with the basics”, “Ask and beeches - that’s all science”, “Don’t meddle, beeches, start with the basics.” The Slavic people said all this about letters. What proverbs and sayings about words and letters do you know? (Hand out tokens)
(Children name proverbs, and history distributes tokens).
With the advent of national writing, each nation marks a special milestone in its history, but it is not always possible to set such a milestone with an accuracy of even several centuries. Slavic, and therefore our Russian, writing has an amazing origin. Not only can we determine the time of its appearance with an accuracy of one year, but we also know the names of its creators - these are the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius.
Teacher: In ancient Rus', children were taught to read and write by clergy-priests or deacons. The children were not given grades, and for unlearned lessons, children were flogged with rods, put in a corner, and left without lunch. In the old days they wrote with quill pens; scribes at monasteries copied books by hand, and it took a year or more to make one book. The letters were not as clumsy as those of some of our students, but even, straight, and clear. They also painted capital letters with a brush, and these letters looked more like different objects and people. Capital letters were called LETTER. And they used to write with ink, which was made from ink nuts, cherry glue, and tannins. The first books were made from parchment - specially treated pig or calf skin. In Rus' they were called CHARATIC SCROLLS/Church Slavonic alphabet - “Cyrillic alphabet” is used unchanged to this day by our Russian Orthodox Church.
History: I invite everyone to go to the distant past. Close all your eyes... 1,2,3.
(A student comes out dressed as a clergyman)
Priest-disciple: Sit down, my children.
Kids! You must
Wake up early
Wash your face white,
Gather in God's church,
Get started with the ABCs!
Pray to God!
And then everything will be fine with you. So, let's repeat the letters.
Az, beeches - take the pointer in your hands,
Az, beeches, verdeys - flies flew into the kvass,
Er, er - grandfather fell from the mountain,
Az, beeches - that’s all science.
May 24 is the Day of Remembrance of Saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius, the creators of Slavic writing. Russia traditionally celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. This holiday, after many decades of oblivion, was revived in our country in 1986, and in 1991 it was given state status. Today we will talk about the current state of the Russian language and its place in the world.
2. Task . Write down the beginning of the phrase and compose its continuation: “For me, the Russian language is...” Make it so that you get a complex sentence, part of which is complicated by homogeneous members. Explain the placement of a dash in a sentence.
3. Exercise 13 . Read the poem out loud.
How can we call the experience, the intonation that lives in a poem?
How do you think the author of this poem would continue the sentence about the Russian language?
The teacher's word about (the greatest writer of the twentieth century, a Nobel laureate, who emigrated to France in 1920 at the age of 50, wrote there only about Russia, which he took with him in his heart, and only in Russian, although he lived for more than 30 years in a foreign land and fluent in French)
And flowers, and bumblebees, and grass, and ears of corn,
And the azure and the midday heat...
The time will come - the Lord will ask the prodigal son:
“Were you happy in your earthly life?”
And I’ll forget everything - I’ll only remember these
Field paths between ears and grasses -
And from sweet tears I won’t have time to answer,
Falling to the merciful knees.
This poem, written by him in 1918 in the south of Russia, where he was forced to “retreat” with the White Army, is a farewell to his homeland.
Let's see what opportunities the native language provided for the poet to express a complex range of feelings?
Determine the speech style of this text.
Let's turn to text of a different style.
Saints Cyril and Methodius
Brothers Cyril and Methodius grew up in a noble family living in the Greek city of Thessaloniki. Methodius was the eldest of seven brothers, Constantine the youngest. Methodius had a military rank and was the ruler of one of the Slavic principalities subordinate to the Byzantine Empire, Bulgarian, which gave him the opportunity to learn the Slavic language.
The future Slavic educators received an excellent upbringing and education. From infancy, Konstantin discovered extraordinary mental gifts. While studying at the Thessaloniki school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he had already read the books of the most profound of the Church Fathers of the 4th century, Gregory the Theologian. Rumors about Constantine's talent reached Constantinople, and then he was taken to court, where he studied with the emperor's son from the best teachers in the capital of Byzantium. Constantine studied ancient literature with the famous scientist Photius, the future Patriarch of Constantinople. Constantine studied with the best teachers of Constantinople and perfectly mastered all the sciences of his time and many languages, receiving the nickname Philosopher for his intelligence and outstanding knowledge. He also comprehended philosophy, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy and music. A brilliant career at the imperial court, wealth and marriage to a noble, beautiful girl awaited Constantine. But he preferred to retire to a monastery on Mount Olympus to his brother Methodius, his biography tells us, in order to constantly pray and engage in pious reflections.
However, Konstantin was unable to spend long periods of time in solitude. As the best preacher of the faith and defender of Orthodoxy, he was often sent to neighboring countries to participate in disputes. These trips were very successful for Konstantin. Once, traveling to the Khazars, he visited the Crimea. Constantine's whole life was filled with frequent difficult, difficult trials and hard work. This undermined his strength, and at the age of 42 he became very ill. Shortly before his death, he became a monk with the name Cyril and died quietly in 869. This happened in Rome, when the brothers once again came to seek support from the Pope in their main task - the dissemination of Slavic writing. Before his death, Kirill told his brother: “You and I, like two oxen, drove the same furrow. I am exhausted, but don’t think about leaving the work of teaching and retiring to your mountain again.” Methodius outlived his brother by 16 years. Enduring hardships and reproaches, he continued his great work - translating the Holy Books into Slavic, preaching the Orthodox faith, and baptizing the Slavic people. He left as his successor the best of his students, Archbishop Gorazd, and about two hundred Slavic priests trained by him.
We learn about the beginning of Slavic writing from the main Russian chronicle - “The Tale of Bygone Years”. It talks about how one day the Slavic princes Rostislav, Svyatopolk and Kotsel sent ambassadors to the Byzantine Tsar Michael with the words: “Our land is baptized, but we do not have a teacher who would instruct, teach us, and explain the holy books. After all, we do not know either Greek or Latin; Some teach us this way, and others teach us differently, so we don’t know either the shape of the letters or their meaning. And send us teachers who could tell us about book words and their meaning.” Then Tsar Michael summoned two learned brothers - Constantine and Methodius, and “the king persuaded them and sent them to the Slavic land... When these brothers arrived, they began to compile the Slavic alphabet and translated the Apostle and the Gospel.”
This happened in 863. This is where Slavic writing originates. “And the Slavs were glad that they heard about the greatness of God in their language.” Then the brothers translated the Psalter, Octoechos and other church books.
With the adoption of Christianity, the Slavic alphabet came to Rus'. And in Kyiv, and in Novgorod, and in other cities, they began to create schools for teaching Slavic literacy. Teachers from Bulgaria appeared in the Russian land - continuers of the work of Cyril and Methodius.
The new alphabet was called “Cyrillic” after the monastic name of Constantine. The Slavic alphabet was compiled on the basis of the Greek, significantly changing it to convey the Slavic sound system. Two alphabets were created - Glagolitic and Cyrillic. Initially, there was a strong belief that only three languages were worthy for worship and writing church books (Hebrew, Greek and Latin). The Pope, after the brothers presented the new alphabet, approved worship in the Slavic language, and ordered the books translated by the brothers to be placed in Roman churches and the liturgy to be performed in the Slavic language.
4. Exercise 9 . Read the text. What style of speech does he belong to?
Complete the tasks from the exercise.
5. Exercise 1 . From this exercise, choose 2 questions that you would be interested in answering. Write the answers in your notebook and read them in small groups.
6. Read the texts exercises 2,6,8 and formulate several reasons why it is now important and necessary to study Russian for both Russian citizens and foreigners.
(Additional information is offered in the form of a computer presentation, the slides of which contain data published on the Internet in connection with the celebration of the “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture”)
7. Generalization.
What new have you learned about the place and role of the Russian language in the modern world? What made you alarmed and what made you proud as native speakers of this language? What conclusions that are important to you did you draw about your native language?
