Vera Vyazovtseva
Dear colleagues, I present to your attention the material, which, at first glance, may seem complicated. But if you figure it out, I assure you that it is very exciting, interesting, and effective. For both children and teachers. AT working with older preschoolers I actively apply a method that allows me to visually see and feel natural phenomena, character interactions objects and their elements. This is the method - Modeling Little People(MMP, which helps to form dialectical ideas about various objects and processes of animate and inanimate nature, develops the child's thinking, stimulates his curiosity. In games and exercises with MMP, imagination and fantasy develop, therefore, the ground is created for the formation of an initiative, inquisitive creative personality.
There are many variations use of MMP: cards with drawn little men, cubes, MCH made of plastic and cardboard, finally, "live" little men in which the children act.
The essence of MMP lies in the idea that all objects and substances consist of many MMPs. MPs behave differently depending on the state of matter.
little people solids are held tightly by the hands and to separate them, you need to make an effort.
in liquid matter people stand side by side lightly touching each other. This connection fragile: they can be easily separated from each other (drain water from a glass, etc.)
little people gaseous substances are constantly in motion. In addition to the main name - "running" children characterize them as "flying" or "flying".
Consider an example of the transition of a substance from one state to another.
The icicle does not melt in winter. Why? Because MCH (little men) the ice is cold and they cling tightly to each other. But then spring came, the sun began to warm. The little men got warm, started to move, stopped holding hands - they only touch each other. Ice turned from a solid state into a liquid state, i.e. water turned out. The sun is getting hotter people get hot. They first moved away from each other, and then fled in different directions. The water disappeared, turned into steam, i.e. evaporated.
Work with children using the MMP method is carried out in several stages.
First, the teacher, together with the children, finds out that phenomena and objects are solid, liquid, gaseous, which can be attributed to these concepts. Children learn to designate a stone, water in a glass, steam or smoke with the help of several MPs. So, for example, when modeling the walls of the house little men are peculiar "bricks", and when modeling tree must be based on its image (trunk, branches).
Then model objects and phenomena consisting of a combination of various little men: aquarium water, cup on saucer, etc.
At the next stage, one can consider objects and phenomena not only in statics, but also in movement: water pouring from a tap, a boiling kettle. This is necessary in order to smoothly bring children to the ability to schematize interaction, which inevitably arises between systems.
After the children have mastered the mechanical MMP, it is advisable to go to a new level of consideration interactions objects and phenomena - schematization.
Scheme as opposed to mechanical models allows you to show complexity interactions the surrounding world and separately taken little man, representing a solid, liquid or gaseous state, using certain symbols - mathematical signs «+» , «-» . Thus, there is no need to draw a lot little people.
To show the connection, use«+» , sign «-» used in that case when we remove, take away some element. It is possible to draw up diagrams of the phenomenon with several signs.
For example, how can you designate a pencil - a wooden case on the outside, graphite on the inside? These 2 components of the pencil are hard. Using pictures of people denoting solids, and the sign «+» , we get the following scheme (on the picture)
And this is how we denote the process when it poured out of the watering can water:
This is how you can designate a glass of water, a box of juice, a bottle of lemonade, etc.
You can pick up many options for this scheme - a piece was torn off a piece of paper, plasticine was broken off from a bar, a dry branch was sawn off from a tree, etc.
Based on this method developed games and exercises in which children play with pleasure, discuss the proposed objects, teach each other. Tell me about the game « little men» , which I made according to the principle of an ordinary domino - rectangular dominoes (I have wooden ones) divided into 2 squares. On one square man or a scheme of several little men with signs - or +, and on the other part of the plate - one object or several (a cube, a ball, a nail, a cup of hot tea, from which steam rises, water flows from a tap, air blows from a hair dryer, etc.). Players divide the bones among themselves, set the order and build a chain.
Children love to play outdoor games "We - little men» . Children stand in a circle and, depending on what word the adult says, the children either stand holding hands tightly (if, for example, the teacher says "stone", do not hold hands very tightly, i.e. an adult can easily separate these hands ( "paper", start running (word "steam", "smoke", "smell", stand side by side, touching their shoulders ( "water", "milk", "juice" and etc).
With the help of MMP, you can play with various regime moments, explaining the essence of a particular process or situation. For example, here is soap. Soap little men hold hands tightly while dry. They hug each other tightly until there is no one between them. But here are soapy people meet water with whom they are friends. And they begin to swim, dive, splash, involuntarily dropping their hands and separating themselves from the rest. At first they swim alone, then some, holding hands, lead a round dance in the water. See what soap bubbles float on the water. But they quickly burst, as the hands of soapy little men are wet, slippery, it is difficult for them to hold on to each other.
I can name as the main source - teacher's articles TRIZ is rich in. F. in magazines "Child in Kindergarten"№5, 6, 2007 The material was creatively processed by me, supplemented. In the future, I will present notes of classes using the MMP method.
I wish you creative success!
To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
Modeling method by little men Compiled by the educator of the MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 130" in Cheboksary Likhova Olga Ivanovna
The method of modeling by little men (MMP) was developed by G.S. Altshuller to solve inventive problems; allows a better understanding of the physical processes and phenomena occurring at the micro level; based on the idea that everything that surrounds us consists of little people.
Purpose: mastering the method of describing objects of inanimate nature
Substance Peculiarities of the molecular structure Nature of MPs Symbols of MPs Gas The distance between molecules is much greater than the size of the molecules themselves. Molecules move in all directions, almost without being attracted to each other. Gaseous MPs are not friendly with each other. They like to run everywhere because they are very naughty. Liquid Molecules are packed so tightly that the distance between the molecules is less than the size of the molecules. Molecules do not move far apart. The attraction of molecules is weaker than that of solids. Liquid MCH are friendly guys, holding hands tightly, obedient, but they can move away from each other without breaking their hands. Solid Molecules are very close to each other in the correct order, the attraction between them is very strong. Each molecule moves around a certain point and cannot move far from it, that is, the molecule oscillates. Solid MCH are very friendly and hold hands very tightly, very obedient, stand in one place, like soldiers in the ranks.
Three states of aggregation of substances (solid MPs, liquid MPs, gaseous MPs) are cognizable in games
Middle age Systematization of knowledge about the sense organs and awareness of the capabilities of analyzers What can the eyes What can the hands What can the ears What can the nose What can the tongue Properties of a solid
Symbols of names and values of features perceived by analyzers
Senior group Acquaintance with liquid men Properties of water Other liquids Thermal phenomena Friction
Preparatory group Acquaintance with gas men Properties of air Three aggregate states of matter Thermal phenomena Sound Light Electricity Magnetism linen dries in the cold
Algorithm of acquaintance with substances Understanding the structure of matter and its properties Acquaintance with little men Systematization of knowledge about the diversity of substances and materials of the natural and man-made world Conducting a comparative analysis of the properties of various materials The ability to examine a substance, set up an experiment, draw conclusions based on the results obtained Apply the knowledge gained in practice Representation about the process of manufacturing various materials Education of respect for nature
1. Wood and its properties 2. How a person uses the properties of a tree 3. Comparison of the properties of paper and wood 4. What can be made from paper 5. What is paper made of. We make our own paper
wood paper In contact with water: wood paper
Recommended games to get acquainted with the state of aggregation of objects of inanimate nature: "The world around us" "Gifts of inanimate nature" "Teremok" "Time train" "My friends" "What was, what became" (to change the state of aggregation) "Good-bad" (wind, wind work, atmosphere) “What can transform” (transition from one state of aggregation to another) “We go to visit” “I take you with me” “Kidnapping a rainbow” “Transformers” “The world of inanimate nature has lost ... substance” “ Where does he live..? (manifestation of given phenomena) "Share with a friend"
Thank you for your attention
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
The use of TRIZ technologies (modeling by little people) in work with older preschoolers.
The method of modeling by little men (MMP), developed by the Trizovites back in the mid-80s, is quite popular and effective in working with preschoolers, especially older ones. In the presentation...
As an epigraph to it, I want to take the words: A.I.
TRIZ. Summary of the joint activity of experimenting using the modeling method "little men" "In the workshop of Papa Carlo"
A synopsis of joint activities on experimenting with the use of TRIZ (the "little men" modeling method) in a preparatory group for school allows the child to acquaint ...
MASTER CLASS "Modeling by little men"
Dear colleagues! The theme of my master class is “Modeling by little men.” I want to take the words for it as an epigraph: A.I. Green - “Education based on the assimilation of specific facts has become obsolete ...
MASTER CLASS
"Modeling by little men"
Prepared and hosted:
caregiver
Kurnoskina Marina Anatolievna
Dear colleagues! The topic of my master class is “Modeling by little men”.
As an epigraph to it, I want to take the words: A. I. Grina - “Education based on the assimilation of specific facts has become obsolete in principle, because the facts quickly become obsolete, and their volume tends to infinity.”
Presentation
The purpose and objectives of the master class:
- To improve the knowledge of teachers about TRIZ technology;
- Show ways of modeling objects and phenomena of inanimate nature (MMP);
- Increase competence in the field of innovative technologies.
The Federal State Educational Standard points out that “at present, methods are beginning to prevail in the education system that ensure the formation of independent creative educational activities of preschoolers, aimed at solving life problems.”
Dear colleagues, I would like to present to your attention the method within the framework of this master class. This is the Little Human Modeling (MMP) method that helps me accomplish the tasks:
- Development of cognitive research activities;
- Formation of children's primary ideas about the phenomena and processes occurring in inanimate nature;
- Development of the ability to establish causal relationships between natural phenomena;
- Development of imagination and creative activity;
- Development of the ability to model objects and phenomena of inanimate nature.
At first glance, it may seem complicated, but if you figure it out, I assure you that it is very exciting, interesting, and effective. For both children and teachers."The Method of Little People" was developed on the basis of synectics (symbolic and personal analogy), which allows you to visually see and feel natural phenomena, the nature of the interaction of objects and their elements; ideas about the internal structure of bodies of living and inanimate nature, objects. The internal structure of bodies and their properties can be explained as follows: “The bodies surrounding us consist of little men, but they are very small and we cannot see them. Little men are the molecules that make up substances. They are constantly moving. There are a lot of people in a solid body, they hold hands and stand close to each other, in liquids people stand more freely and other people can “pass” between them, and in gases the distance between people is the largest.
Why little men?
- They can think, perform actions, behave differently;
- They have different characters and habits, they obey different commands;
- When modeling, you can put yourself in their place, feel and understand through actions, sensations, interactions.
It is advisable to invent and draw designations together with children, then the symbols will be better remembered and understood by them. But there are certain rules to follow:
- The little men of solid matter: wood, stone, glass, fabric, plastic have a common property - they hold their shape, they hold hands, and the little men of stone hold on tighter than the little men of glass (on the symbol cards, the hands of these little men are lowered down).
- Little people of a liquid substance: milk, tea, water, jelly, etc. - little men droplets; they take the form of the vessel into which they are poured: these little men do not hold hands; their hands are on their belts;
- Little men of gaseous matter are constantly in motion: they are always running somewhere, flying (gas, steam, smoke).
Where to begin?
Stage 1 - building simple models with children;
Stage 2 – modeling of interactions of two substances;
Stage 3 - modeling of complex interactions and the state of surrounding objects, their transition from one state to another.
Building the simplest models with children can begin with the middle group
Types of models of little men.
- The roles of little men are played by children;
- Cards with the image of little men. These are pre-prepared cards: flat images of the MCH or schematically drawn.
- Cubes with the image of little men;
- A schematic representation of the MCH, which the children themselves draw.
Games with teachers.
Now we will go with you to the country of little men who live in different towns.
Do you know what these little people are?
Solid men hold hands tightly so that nothing happens, so that no one and nothing can slip between them.
The liquid men keep their hands on their belts, but touch each other with their elbows so that they can slip between them.
Gaseous or running men live in various smells, liquid bubbles. They fly all the time, i.e. run.
(I select teachers who will play with me)
So, along this path (TT marker) those who
who consists of solid natural little men. You name yourself (an object consisting of hard men). For example, "I am a stone ...". (Calling themselves, teachers walk along the path to the city of hard men)
Solid MCH are strong, strong, we know how to keep our shape).
Teachers, passing along the path, call themselves.
Do you feel good here, in your town, liquid men?
(They love to flow, pour, change shape, travel, mix).
The road led us to the city of the most cheerful gaseous little men. You have to go through it. Residents of the country of gaseous men, pass along the path! (Passing, the educators call themselves: I am the smell of a flower, I am the smell of perfume, I am an air of steam, fog, etc.)
How do you live in your city? (We like to go everywhere, we don’t like to “sit” in place, we love movement! We would like to make friends with other little people.)
The second stage - modeling the interactions of two substances, you can begin to master with children of older preschool age. And I offer you
go to the next city, the city of mixed Men. Put on hats with markers of your cities and, united in pairs, threes, name yourself.
TJ - water in a glass, ice in water ...
TG - balloon,
GJ - mineral water, lemonade, air bubbles in water ...
TGZh - a person, a plant, an animal, an aquarium ...
Everything that surrounds us, and we ourselves consist of little people, the difference is only in the number of different people and in each individual object and their connections.
Games.
"Name a Solid"- to exercise in the ability to select objects according to their state of aggregation.
Freeze - game on the ability to model solid and liquid substances.
"Little People"- the ability to quickly respond to the signal "solid", "liquid", "gaseous".
"Magic Path"- to exercise in the ability to select objects according to two signs of aggregate state and color.
Game "Cubes" - (on the sides of which there are figures of "little" people and iconic interactions between them) helps the baby to make the first discoveries, conduct research work at his level, get acquainted with the laws of living and inanimate nature. With the help of such "little men" children make models "Pond " etc.
In the preparatory group in directly educational activities according to O.O. "Cognitive development" when explaining to children the water cycle in nature, you can use a fairy tale.
Adventure of raindrops.
“We lived - there were little droplets-men in the cloud. There were a lot of them. They were cheerful, restless, light. Once, having played out, they did not even notice that they had come off the clouds and were falling to the ground. But even on earth they did not want to part with each other. And those droplets - little men that fell far away, ran to their friends. And when they all gathered together, a stream turned out. They were glad that they were all together again, murmured, whispered and ran on, to see what was there?
They ran and ran and ran to the river. It is good that the river was located below the place where the little men fell - droplets, otherwise it would have been very difficult to run up, the little men would not have run to their relatives.
And in the river there are even more of the same water men. They rejoiced at the meeting and let's have fun, jump, jump over each other. The river roared and roared. But gradually the little men got tired and calmed down. We decided to take a break. And suddenly they felt cold. These frosty men really wanted to play with them, but while the water ones were jumping, the frosty ones could not grab them, approach them. And now, when the water men were tired and calmed down, the frosty ones sat next to each other and hugged the water men. The water ones, feeling that they were freezing, began to cling to each other to warm the MCH. They pressed so tightly that they turned to ice. But the people were not upset. During the summer they were tired and wanted to rest. The little people knew that time would pass and the sun would warm up again, they would become warm and it would be possible to run and tumble and play any games. And even visit my grandmother - a cloud. After listening to a fairy tale, children build a changeable model of the transition from one substance to another.
And now you will try to create models yourself using MFM.
Group task:
Group 1 - creating a model - a glass of water;
Group 2 - creating a model - a glass of water with ice;
Group 3 - creating a model - a glass of lemonade.
Where else can you use MMC?
- in regime moments;
- GCD according to O.O. "Cognitive development" - the formation of elementary mathematical concepts. You can measure objects by length, reinforce the concepts of "more - less", "heavier - lighter", etc.
- In the visual activity - mixing colors.
- In O.O. "Speech Development" - children are offered a model from a different combination of vowels and consonant little men.
- small men can model social relationships.
Reflection
Technology name | Technology for solving inventive problems |
Acceptance of TRIZ technology | "The Little Man Method" |
What gives the child |
|
What gives the teacher |
|
Dear colleagues, you were grateful listeners and did an excellent job with the proposed games and game exercises. Use various TRIZ techniques in your work, and you will fully discover the inexhaustible source of children's imagination.
Evaluation of the work of the master class
I propose to evaluate my master class. Leaves flew down the path.
- Liked the games. I will use them in my work, let a yellow leaf fly.
- It was good. But I don’t know whether I will use games in my work, let a green leaf fly.
- Understood nothing. It was not interesting, let a red leaf fly.
Literature:
- Sidorchuk T.A., "I know the world" Methodological complex for working with preschoolers. - Ulyanovsk, LLC "Vector - S", 2014.
- Gutkovich I.Ya. Methodological guide for organizing and conducting developmental knowledge with preschoolers / Nauch.-method. development center. education N242 "Sadko". - Ulyanovsk, 1996.
- Pedagogy + TRIZ: Collection of articles for teachers, educators.
- N.M. Zhuravleva, T.A. Sidorchuk, N.V. Khizhnyak, "OTSM - TRIZ - RTV technologies as a universal tool for the formation of key competencies of preschool children",Methodical manual for teachers of preschool educational institutions, 2007.
- http://volga-triz.org/ (Official site Volga - TRIZ)
- www.altshuller.ru (official fund of G.S. Altshuller)
Natalya Dmitrieva
Dear colleagues! Of course, all of you are well aware of TRIZ technology - the theory of inventive problem solving. In the 1930s, this theory made a revolution in our Soviet science! In early childhood education, technology peaked in the 1980s, but many of us still use it in our work today. TRIZ technology helps us in the development of imagination in children, in the development of logical thinking, in the development of the ability to pose and solve a problem. There are many methods of this technology - this is the method of focal objects, the method of morphological table and work on the development of word creation, but today I want to dwell on how TRIZ technology helps to solve the problem of introducing children to phenomena in inanimate nature. If you are already familiar with my publications, then you know that I have such a rule - IF YOU UNDERSTAND, UNDERSTAND, THEN YOU WILL KNOW! snow melts in warmth, and water turns into steam when heated. There is another method in TRIZ technology - this is the method of SIMULATION BY LITTLE PEOPLE. Little men, in the understanding of us adults, are molecules (of course, you all remember this from the school chemistry course). Remembering that everything around consists of molecules - the smallest particles that are interconnected in a certain way, it is easy to explain to children the aggregate states of substances and phenomena in inanimate nature.
I bring to your attention the first lesson of this series:
Topic of the lesson: "Using the technique of modeling by little men when familiarizing older children with objects of inanimate nature"
The purpose of the lesson: to acquaint children with the aggregate states of substances in inanimate nature
Tasks:
Using the little man modeling method (MMP). explain to children why substances are solid, liquid, gaseous;
To expand children's ideas about the diversity of inanimate substances;
To teach children empirically to determine the state of aggregation of surrounding substances;
To teach children to model objects of inanimate nature;
Materials and equipment:
Planar images of models "little men", characterizing such substances as: water, milk, air, wood, fog, stone, juice, caramel, smoke;
Cups of water and milk, a block of wood, a small stone, a piece of plastic, a wooden stick, an empty small plastic bag (all equipment is prepared for each child);
Handout cards with models "little men";
Bottle of lemonade (plastic);
Lesson progress:
1. Problem Statement - Can you draw a bottle of lemonade without using a pencil or paints?
2. The teacher's story about the little people living around us
Guys, today I want to tell you that everything that exists
around us are stones, and wood, and a puddle, and toys, and you and I consist of the smallest particles that can only be seen with an electron microscope. There are so many of these particles that, when combined with each other, they turn, for example, into a stone. These particles are very different and they are friends with each other in different ways.
Some particles, let's call them little people, are very friendly, they always hold hands so as not to get lost, they hold on so tightly that they cannot be separated. How do we play when we play
"ALI - Babu". These little men are called - strong, solid, and they are. live in stones, wood, mountains. I'll show you their photo
See how they hold on tightly - you can't destroy their friendship! These are solid little men and they form all solid substances and objects on our planet!
Other little men also do not run far from each other, but they are not so friendly, they just stand side by side and only touch with their elbows. If we remember our game about Ali Baba with you, then you will understand how easy it is to go through them. Such little men live in liquid substances, so you and I can easily put a spoon into a glass of tea and stir the sugar!
I'll show you their picture too
Well, the third little men are generally hooligans! They move as they want and do not hold hands at all! You must admit that it is very easy to pass through such little men! They live in substances such as air, smoke, fog. Such substances are called gaseous. Difficult word, but you and I are already big and must learn new words!
I'll show you their photo too:
I told you such a story about little men, and now let's find out for ourselves where which little men live.
3. Task - experiment "Where what little men live?"
A. Children are invited to take turns trying to pierce a wooden block, a stone, a piece of plastic with a wooden stick. As a result of experience, children find out that this is impossible to do! So friendly people live in all these substances! These substances are solid!
B. Children are invited to take turns piercing water in a glass with a wooden stick, milk in a glass. As a result of the experiment, children find out that the stick passes through water and milk quite easily. So not very friendly people live here! But still they are nearby, otherwise we would not have seen water or milk! Liquid men live in all these substances and such substances are called liquid.
Q. Guys, how can we find the third little men? Where can we get, for example, smoke or air? (children's answers, perhaps they will say that the air is around us) I suggest you catch the air! Take the package. Is it empty? And now, take the bag by the upper corners and try to twist it. Oh, and what did we have in the package? (the bag inflates like a balloon). Yes, guys, we caught the air with you! Air is all around us! Try to pierce it with your hand - does it pass? Yes, and very easy! Because those very unfriendly little men live in the air!
4. Mobile game "Games of little men"
Children act as little men and show in what substance which little men live. The teacher says: stone - the children hold hands, juice - the children stand next to each other, touching their elbows, air - the children run away from each other, while dangling their arms and legs, etc.
5. Didactic exercise "Recognize the substance"
The teacher shows the children models of various little men - the task of the children is to find out what substance they are talking about.
For example:
This is milk
It's caramel, lollipop, candy
This is water (men are transparent)
This is a tree
This is air (little men are transparent)
You can invent your little men. I hope the idea is clear.
6. Didactic exercise "Show me a bottle of lemonade"
I think guys that now we can show you a bottle of lemonade when we learned about little people.
What is the bottle made from? (made of plastic) Plastic is a hard substance, so some of the children will hold hands and represent a bottle. What is lemonade? (liquid). Other children will pretend to be lemonade - they will stand next to each other, touching with their elbows. And what else is in the lemonade, it is especially evident when we open the bottle? (bubbles) Yes, carbon dioxide is added to lemonade for sparkling. Let's choose who will show the bubbles. ?
Children, with the help of a teacher, depict a bottle of lemonade.
So our lesson ended, I praise you for your attention and I hope that today you have learned a lot of new things from the life of inanimate nature.
Dear colleagues! Don't be afraid and try this activity with your kids! I assure you - it's interesting!
Main idea: Imagine an object (or operational zone of the OZ) in the form of a crowd of living and thinking substances - little people who can carry out incoming commands.
MCH rules:
1. Select part of an object, which cannot perform the required opposite actions, present this part as a "crowd" of MCH.
2. Divide MCH into groups, acting (moving) according to the conditions of the problem, i.e. badly, as specified in the problem.
3. Consider the resulting problem model(figure with MCH) and rearrange so that conflicting actions are performed, i.e., a contradiction is resolved.
4. Skip to a possible answer.
Notes:
– Usually a series of drawings is performed: “it was”, “it is necessary”, “it became” or “it was” and “as it should be”.
– There must be many people.
– Little people are easily (absolutely) manageable and obedient; have all the properties we need.
– Humans are specialized: they do only what they are intended for. Different activities require different people.
– Little people "listen" to commands in the "language" of the fields. Different people "obey" different fields.
3.7. Morphological analysis. Fantasy techniques.
Phantogram method
Morphological analysis is a system improvement method. The essence of the method is that in the system being improved, several characteristic (morphological features) are distinguished, then lists of alternatives are compiled for each feature. The features with their various alternatives are arranged in the form of a table, which allows a better representation of the search field.
Morphological analysis was developed by Fritz Zwicky (a famous Swiss astrophysicist and aerospace theorist who worked at the California Institute of Technology) in the 1940s and 50s.
Advantages of the method:
– Easy to understand and use
– Helps to overcome psychological inertia
– Requires parameters and conditions to be clearly defined. Fuzzy-defined entities immediately become explicit as soon as they are referenced and subject to a test for internal consistency.
– Encourages identification and exploration of boundary conditions. That is, limits and extreme points of different contexts and factors.
– Leads to the emergence of non-standard ideas.
Flaws:
– The method is cumbersome
Phantogram- a technique proposed by G. S. Altshuller for the development of imagination, the formation of new ideas and obtaining non-standard solutions to inventive problems. The method is based on a table, along the vertical axis of which the universal characteristics of the system under study are plotted, and along the horizontal axis - some methods for changing these characteristics (Table 3.1). Below is a simplified table.
Table 3.1. Table for the implementation of the fantogram method
| Fantasizing techniques Universal indicators | 1. Enlarge-reduce | 2. Merge-sever | 3. Vice versa | 4. Move in time | 5. Separate the function from the object | 6. Speed up slow down |
| 1. Composition, elements | ||||||
| 2. Subsystems | ||||||
| 3. Object | ||||||
| 4. Supersystems | ||||||
| 5. Directions of development, evolution | ||||||
| 6. Playback | ||||||
| 7. Power supply | ||||||
| 8. Way of transportation | ||||||
| 9. Scope of distribution | ||||||
| 10. Level of organization, management | ||||||
| 11. Purpose, purpose (meaning of existence) |
Let us briefly describe the techniques of fantasizing developed by G.S. Altshuller.
1. Zoom in - Zoom out
"Gulliver in the Land of the Lilliputians", "Town in a Snuffbox", "Alice in Wonderland". Increase or decrease the number of users, number of product instances, memory footprint, etc.
2. Combine - disconnect
In the new Google Apps product, email is combined with a workflow system, calendar, websites, etc. In Grid technologies, to speed up the process, a complex task is divided into many simpler ones and the results are combined again.
3. Vice versa
Compilation - decompilation. Instead of a big screen - small glasses. Instead of universal product - specialization.
Two jigits compete to see whose horse last will come to the finish line. But things are not going well, both stand still. They turn to the sage for advice. The old man came up and whispered something in everyone's ear. After that, they galloped at full speed. What did the sage say?
4. Move in time.
Place the system (circumstances) 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 years ago or forward. How should the system and its working conditions change?
5. Separate the function from the object.
The smile of the Cheshire cat, but without the cat. "Cloud" computing, hosting programs on a remote server, "pumping" the necessary software modules only at the right time.
6. Change the nature of the dependence "property-time" or "structure-time".
A database that gets smaller as the amount of data increases. A task that, with increasing complexity, starts to work faster. As the quality increases, the price decreases.
7. Speed up - slow down.
Reduce the time for program development by several times. Slow down the time of providing data for the database several times. Imagine that the speed of the program has increased by several orders of magnitude - what can qualitatively change in this case?
Suppose the task is to come up with a fantastic phone.
The first step: write down the specific indicators of the object in question. The object is a mobile phone. Composition: body, battery, SIM card, display, board, connectors, etc. Supersystem - telephone networks. Evolution towards miniaturization, increasing the number of functions. Scope of distribution - among people of various backgrounds, places of residence, religion, etc.
Second step: select a cell corresponding to any one indicator and any one change. For example, you can select the "phone-zoom" cell. A phone the size of an apartment?
The third step: consider the change in the indicator depending on the chosen method. A phone the size of a house? Phone the size of a city?
Fourth step: From the options obtained in the previous step, select one. Take, for example, a phone the size of a house. Different parts of the house are simultaneously parts (elements) of the phone: TV, computer, mirror, window, household appliances, electrical wiring, walls, roof ...
Fifth step: determine other indicators for the selected object. For example, the scope of distribution is increased. Now this is the message of the globe (not just the surface). Or the whole microcosm. Or the solar system. How can such phones be built? How might they look? How can they evolve?
3.8. Eurorhythm: 4-story fantasy scheme
In the development of any fantasy theme (space travel, communication with extraterrestrial civilizations, etc.), there are four sharply different categories of ideas:
- one object that gives some fantastic result;
- many objects that together give a completely different result;
- the same results, but achieved without an object;
– conditions under which there is no need for results.
For each theme, as it were, four floors of fantastic ideas are gradually erected. The floors are qualitatively different from each other.
Suppose we come up with a fantastic anti-virus program: it itself becomes stronger and more effective, the more viruses there are in networks, computers and phones. This is the first floor of the building.
The second floor - there are a lot of such programs. There are at least two ways to make a lot of them: the distribution of the same program among a large number of users and the emergence of many different programs of this class. What new effect might arise? For example, viruses hide for a while (seasonally), anti-virus programs become weaker and then viruses suddenly appear again. Or put another way: viruses make anti-virus programs treat other anti-virus programs as viruses. Antiviruses begin to fight with other antiviruses, they destroy each other.
The third floor is “the same result (fighting the bad consequences of the influence of viruses), but without antiviruses. For example, any program is also anti-virus.
The fourth floor - you do not need to fight antiviruses. There will be a way to use antiviruses to run useful programs. As soon as some kind of virus appears, it is immediately adapted for some useful functions.
Thus, eurorhythm allows you to develop any fantastic idea.
