On February 8 (January 28, O.S.), 1724, Peter I signed a decree on the formation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was originally called the Academy of Sciences and Arts. The Academy of Sciences and Arts studied the laws of the surrounding world and society, the essence of man and social consciousness, and also carried out publishing activities. All this has had a beneficial effect and continues to influence the country’s social development and economic growth, progress in technology, and international relations.
In 1925, the institution of Peter I changed its name to the USSR Academy of Sciences, and since 1991 it has been called the Russian Academy of Sciences - RAS.
For Russia, this holiday has special significance. Over the years of its existence, our country has given the world many famous names who have made an incomparable contribution to world science.
The names of scientific figures, graduates of the Academy, are world famous: Mikhail Lomonosov, known for his many talents, Ivan Pavlov, who studied reflexes, Dmitry Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table of chemical elements, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, passionate about the development of spacecraft, Lev Landau, from whose textbook physicists of all things study world, Igor Kurchatov, the “father” of the Soviet atomic bomb, we can continue endlessly.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the RAS includes a large number of research institutes, laboratories and museums. The activities of the Academy extend to almost all areas of science, these are: mathematics, astrophysics, physics of quantum liquids and crystals, physics of elementary particles, mechanics, chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, history, philosophy, literary criticism, folklorism, the list is far from complete.
Russian Science Day is a holiday that dates back to the time of Peter I and is celebrated by a large number of people who are associated with science.
1:782 1:787On January 28, 1724, according to the old style, the Academy of Sciences was founded by decree of Peter the Great. The creation of the Academy of Sciences is directly related to the reform activities of Peter I, aimed at strengthening the state, its economic and political independence.Peter understood the importance of scientific thought, education and culture of the people for the prosperity of the country.
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History of Russian science
2:64According to the project of Peter I, the Academy was significantly different from all related foreign organizations. She was a government agency; its members, receiving a salary, were supposed to provide scientific and technical services to the state. The Academy combined the functions of scientific research and teaching , incorporating a university and a gymnasium. On December 27, 1725, the Academy celebrated its creation with a large public meeting. It was a solemn act of the emergence of a new attribute of Russian state life.
2:1020 2:1025Peter I, loving his Motherland and putting every effort into its development and prosperity, allowed the offspring of not only noble families, but also commoners, should enter the Academy. Moreover, for successful activities in mastering knowledge and arts, the king rewarded with his favor.
2:1528The Academy of Sciences and Arts studied the laws of the surrounding world and society, the essence of man and social consciousness, and also carried out publishing activities. All this has had a beneficial effect and continues to influence the country’s social development and economic growth, progress in technology, and international relations.
2:561In 1925, the institution of Peter I changed its name to the USSR Academy of Sciences, and since 1991 it has been called the Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS.
2:797 2:802Science Day in the Soviet Union
2:863In Soviet Russia there was a tradition of celebrating the country's successes in the scientific field. The 3rd Sunday of April was dedicated to honoring scientists.
since in April 1918, in the interval from the 18th to the 25th, the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin wrote a work on planning scientific and technical work.
Science Day was celebrated in all institutions whose activities were associated with scientific progress.
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Changes in the country
3:556The long-standing tradition of celebrating domestic scientific achievements in Russia was interrupted, unfortunately, in the early 90s. The country was going through a difficult time: higher echelons shared power, ordinary people tried to adapt to a kaleidoscopically changing reality. There was no one to finance scientific research, much less remember about Science Day. Some research institutes have closed, others have reorganized. It took more than one year for life to return to a more or less straight direction.
3:1531Created by Peter I The Russian Academy of Sciences was recreated by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 21, 1991, as the highest scientific institution in Russia. The Academy is recognized as a self-governing non-profit organization with state status. It operates on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and its own Charter.
3:633 3:638A June 7, 1999 The head of the Russian state signed a decree establishing a day dedicated to the achievements of scientists of the Fatherland. According to the Decree issued in 2000, the Day of Russian Science is February 8
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The names of scientific figures, graduates of the Academy, are world famous:
4:143Mikhail Lomonosov, known for his many talents, Ivan Pavlov, who studied reflexes, Dmitry Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table of chemical elements, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, passionate about the development of a spaceship, Lev Landau, from whose textbook physicists around the world study, Igor Kurchatov, the “father” of the Soviet atomic bomb , we can continue endlessly...
4:809Truly gifted people, who have the freedom to conduct the necessary research and the support of the government, have been leading Russian science at the forefront of world science for almost three centuries.
Russian scientists were the first on the planet to produce:
- development of the theory of the biosphere,
- launching an artificial space satellite into orbit,
- construction and commissioning of a power plant with a nuclear reactor.
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Academy of Sciences today
5:568At the beginning of the 21st century, the RAS includes a large number of research institutes, laboratories and museums. The activities of the Academy extend to almost all areas of science, these are: mathematics, astrophysics, physics of quantum liquids and crystals, physics of elementary particles, mechanics, chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, history, philosophy, literary criticism, folklorism, and this list is far from complete... . If you look at all the inventions of recent centuries, the lion's share of inventions belongs to Russian scientists, who have repeatedly proven their worth in many issues of scientific activity.
5:1722In recent years, Russian academics:
- created ultra-strong steel and ductile cast iron,
- injection lasers and transistors have been developed that will become the basis of new generation electronic devices,
- a connection between a chemical reaction and magnetic radiation was discovered,
- production technologies are developed that do not harm the environment,
- a deep-sea neutrino telescope has been created, which exists in a single copy in the world,
- the human genome is comprehensively studied,
- the tasks of human psychodiagnostics in rapidly changing conditions have been identified and studied,
- diamonds with specified characteristics and weight up to 6 carats were grown,
- the basis for more than 2000 monographs and textbooks was created.
This is only a small part of the results of the work of more than 100,000 people. Scientific personnel are trained at the institute of research trainees, graduate school, and doctoral studies. Among the active members of the Academy are 40 laureates of the prestigious Nobel Prize. The first of those awarded, in 1904, was Academician I.P. Pavlov for his work on the physiology of digestion, then, in 1908, I.I. Mechnikov for his work on immunity. The latest Russian laureate was physicist K. S. Novoselov, who in 2010 received the Nobel Prize for innovative experiments on the study of the two-dimensional material graphene.
6:1034 6:1039Events held on Russian Science Day
6:1136On the eve of this significant date, research institutes hold open days, organize lectures and conversations with scientists. Employees of institutes and museums conduct excursions, during which they provide a unique opportunity to see with their own eyes supercomputers that simulate and calculate economic processes. In the laboratories of physicists, you can witness interesting experiments and learn about the production technology of modern ultra-strong and high-quality materials. In addition, exhibitions and screenings of scientific films are organized.
Scientists also do not forget about schoolchildren.
Special events are held for them, at which representatives of various scientific branches talk about their work in a simple and accessible form. This gives the children the opportunity to better understand the changes taking place around them and think about choosing a career as a scientist.
Of course, all the events dedicated to the Day of Russian Science simply cannot fit into one day. That's why Every year a whole week in the first half of February is dedicated to the celebration.
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Russian Science Day among scientists
7:929On February 8, the Government of the Russian Federation congratulates the entire scientific community on this significant date and notes the successes of the past year.
7:1187Rewards scientists who have particularly distinguished themselves in a particular field, conferring honorary titles and presenting diplomas.
Financial support and grants for research are also dedicated to this date.
Fellow scientists congratulate each other and wish them fruitful work and new achievements.
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Science and man
8:552All the familiar things that we see around us every day were born thanks to the hard work of scientists. Now, it’s even difficult to imagine how one could live without paper, a telephone, an electric kettle, vehicles, or the Internet. But any thing owes its birth to a person who, at one fine moment, was illuminated by an idea, believed in it and achieved its implementation.
8:1264Certainly, research on protein-coding genes , are incomprehensible to a person far from the biology of the gene. But it is a possible future breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer. Just like the phrase "geochemical activity of microorganisms" few people can repeat it without hesitation. But successful research in this area will significantly increase oil production. A striking example of a breakthrough in Russian science is best weapons, thanks to which, Russians can sleep peacefully and count on a peaceful, good future. Long years of human activity for its own benefit have not been without victims, and they are counted by environmental scientists every year. Currently, 414 species of endangered animals and measures are being developed to preserve their numbers.
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Thus, science covers all spheres of life on Earth , and the significance of its development is invaluable. Russian Science Day, February 8, makes it possible to attract the attention of a wide range of the public to scientific progress, which invisibly accompanies man throughout his entire existence.
8:524The modern generation of Russian scientists multiplies the wonderful traditions of their predecessors and, despite all the difficulties, is distinguished by boundless dedication to their work, breadth of interests, and active citizenship. Thanks to those who now continue to engage in science, young people once again have a desire to go into science, which means there is hope that new discoveries await us ahead, designed to improve human life.
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February 8 is Russian Science Day, on this day tens of thousands of people associated with science will celebrate this important holiday for Russia. If you know someone who is involved in scientific activities, be sure to congratulate this person on his professional holiday. On the Day of Russian Science on February 8, you can wish health and new discoveries that can make the lives of ordinary people a little better
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Russian Science Day, celebrated on February 8, is a relatively young holiday that appeared at the end of the 20th century. The date February 8 was not chosen by chance. It was on this day, February 8, 1724, that Peter the Great signed a decree establishing the Academy of Sciences and Arts. It is curious that not only offspring from wealthy noble families, but also children of lower class people could study at the Academy - the main thing is that they were talented and had a thirst for knowledge.
The contribution that the Academy of Sciences made to the development of economics, new technologies, mathematics, physics, and medicine in the 18th and 19th centuries cannot be overestimated. At this time, in-depth research was carried out in various scientific fields, museums were created (including the famous Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg). The foundations of many fundamental teachings are laid.
Science Day in the USSR
In 1925, the USSR Academy of Sciences appeared. The research and discoveries of Soviet scientists made an invaluable contribution to world science. It was in the USSR that the first nuclear power plant was launched, the first artificial Earth satellite was created, such a science as astronautics appeared, and astronomy and biology reached a fundamentally different level.
The Science Day holiday in the USSR, of course, existed, but it was celebrated on the third Sunday in April. This is due to the fact that in mid-April 1918 V.I. Lenin published the article “Outline of Scientific and Technical Works,” which determined the goals and paths of development of science for the coming decades.
Science Day in modern Russia
In 1991, the USSR Academy of Sciences was renamed the Russian Academy of Sciences. Eight years later, in 1999, in honor of the 275th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Sciences, the President of the Russian Federation signed an order establishing the Day of Russian Science. Since then, February 8 has been the official holiday of all Russian scientists. True, many scientific teams celebrate their professional day in mid-April, in the “old way.” Therefore, we can safely say that Russian science has two holidays. Well, our scientists fully deserve it!
Traditions of Russian Science Day
Although Russian Science Day is not a day off, it is widely celebrated in almost all scientific groups. It has become a good tradition to hold seminars and organize scientific conferences on this day. Dissertation defenses are often scheduled on this day, because receiving a candidate's or doctorate's degree on the holiday of all scientists is especially honorable!
And again, the reformer Peter the Great brought a little of the Western European way of life to the country. According to his decree of February 8, 1724, the Academy of Sciences was approved. Hence the memorable date - Science Day. The most interesting thing is that the name of the institution did not change at all; abbreviations and names of new old states were added to the Academy of Sciences, depending on historical events. Since 1925, the institution was called the USSR Academy of Sciences, and since 1991, the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Official date
Russian Science Day began to be celebrated only in 1999. According to the presidential decree, the holiday was officially assigned to February 8, thereby building a historical bridge between our times and Peter’s times. And how many wonderful scientists Russia has given to the world in different eras. This is a simple village boy, who later became one of the most outstanding scientific sons and founded Moscow University. This is from Mikhail Lomonosov, who, centuries later, marks the Day of Russian Science of the year. These are outstanding scientists of the 20th century, Academician Pavlov, Tsiolkovsky, Kapitsa, Landau, Kurchatov and Korolev. And this is just a small list of our famous scientific compatriots.
Ahead of the rest of the planet
Our country has become a legislator in a number of scientific fields. We were the first to fly into space and made important developments in nuclear energy and the biosphere. Our great scientists have received Nobel Prizes in a variety of fields. The first of them was the famous Professor Pavlov for his work in which the basics of the physiology of digestion were described. On Science Day, it is also worth remembering the outstanding biologist Ilya Mechnikov, who received a prize for his work on immunity. In 1978, Russian physicist Pyotr Kapitsa was awarded the Nobel Prize for the most important discovery in physics, proof of the superfluidity of helium. Science Day in Russia is not an empty word and not a legacy of Soviet developments. Our most recent scientist was the physicist Novoselov, whom the Swedish Academy of Sciences recognized for his research on graphene. This happened quite recently - in 2010.
Structure
The Russian Academy of Sciences includes 9 directions at once, depending on the field of study, which are located in Moscow. The RAS also has 3 regional branches and 15 large scientific centers. Science Day is celebrated in all departments of a large scientific structure. RAS is a whole city, scattered across the expanses of the country, with a population of 50 thousand people. Among them are honorary “residents”, and these are 500 academicians and 800 corresponding members. Despite the fact that the official date, according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, is set on February 8, the majority of old-school RAS employees prefer to celebrate Science Day, as before, on the third Sunday in April.
In Russia, as a rule, they are not chosen at random, but are timed to coincide with some historical event. This also applies to Science Day, which is celebrated in Russia. It was on this day in 1724 that the Academy of Sciences was founded by order of the Senate. Later, in 1925, it changed its name to the USSR Academy of Sciences, and more than 50 years later it was renamed the current Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation.
For Russia, this holiday has special significance. Over the years of its existence, our country has given the world many famous names who have made an incomparable contribution to world science. Thanks to such scientists as, for example, Pavlov I.P., Korolev S.P., Mendeleev D.I., Lomonosov M.V. Science for Russia has become a powerful resource with the help of which economic transformations in the state were implemented. The work of scientists has become an important component of the wealth of the entire nation and a force driving progress. This is why Russian Science Day is so important for all of us. The work of brilliant scientists is comparable to a feat, because many of them conducted experiments and achieved results, sometimes at the cost of their lives or health. As a result, the country's potential was formed, which ensures the prosperity of the nation.
Under Soviet rule, Russian Science Day was not limited to one day, but was celebrated from April 18 to April 25. For some scientific teams, this holiday is still associated with warm spring days. Only in 1999 did he approve a new date - February 8, which became a holiday called Russian Science Day. Among scientists and others, this was an excellent occasion to once again remember that Russia has given the whole world many famous names and great discoveries. Scientists such as Kapitsa, Kurchatov, Aleksandrov, Korolev and many others conducted incredible research in the field of the biosphere, created artificial satellites and nuclear power plants.
Russian Science Day is an excellent occasion to attract public attention, the interest of business circles, students and all those who can contribute to the realization of the enormous opportunities and discoveries that we are now on the verge of.
Today, the Russian Academy of Sciences plays a huge role. It includes 9 regional departments in scientific areas, three regional departments and more than ten regional scientific centers. Within its walls, more than a hundred thousand people conduct their work and research, for whom holidays in Russia (in particular, February 8) are not a reason to rest, but precisely those days when they can summarize the work, draw conclusions, discuss future plans and recruit young forces into its ranks.
Numerous exhibitions, awards, concerts and other events and congratulations on Science Day give this holiday the necessary publicity. This helps to attract many young talents into the field of scientific research.
The state annually allocates funds not only for science holidays, but also for the creation of a high-quality and modern platform for effective work. Thus, the state allocates more than 250 billion rubles for the implementation and development of all scientific programs, of which the majority falls on the implementation of RAS programs. This state approach to science means that it is always a top priority for Russia.
Throughout history, dozens of Soviet and Russian scientists have been honored with Nobel Prizes. The last scientists who were awarded this prize are Alexey Abrikosov and Konstantin Novoselov, who currently live abroad but have Russian citizenship, were also laureates in physics in 2010. Congratulations on Science Day are especially dear to such scientists, since they connect them with their Motherland.
