The fact of the existence of such a genre as a riddle was known in ancient times. It has not lost its relevance in modern people’s lives. What is so attractive about this form of folk and original poetry? Why is the genre developing so actively? existing today are incredibly diverse.
What is a riddle
There are several definitions of this concept. The meaning of many of them comes down to the fact that the riddle gives a description of some object or phenomenon of reality in an allegorical form. In addition, very often the text contains a question, the answer to which becomes the answer.
Considering that the types of riddles have a wide variety, variations in the definition of the concept are acceptable. A common point is that the text is always thought out and clearly formulated.
Allegory and metaphor
Types of riddles containing metaphor or allegory in the text are considered the most ancient. In them, everyday objects, phenomena occurring in life are likened to the actions of the person himself. For example:
- If you feed him, he lives; if you give him something to drink, he dies. Fire.
The most complex type of riddles contains a special characteristic of the phenomenon or object in question. Their description uses words that are rarely used together with the hidden name of the item. An example would be riddles:
- White sheep run around the candle. Willow.
- In the middle of the field lies a mirror: the glass is blue and the frame is green. Pond.
It is known from history that people valued not only those who could solve riddles. People who knew how to speak in riddles had a special place. Among their relatives, they bore the title of sages, possessing extraordinary clarity of mind, ingenuity, and invention. Sometimes they were credited with supernatural abilities.
Sound image in text
Certain types of riddles are based not on a semantic image, but on a sound one. To find the answer, you need to listen to every word of the text. A certain combination of sounds in them suggests a clue word.
Here you also need to show ingenuity and ingenuity. Human erudition is also important when solving such riddles:
- Tsap-scratchers: pick up armfuls! Rake.
It should be taken into account that there are ancient riddles of this type, as well as those created by writers more recently. It has been noticed that for a modern person, the most difficult to unravel are works that appeared several centuries ago. And this is quite understandable. Searching for a clue word forces a person to better know the life of his ancestors, the history of a particular people.
Using the small genre in working with children
All types of riddles for children are usually divided into certain topics. This facilitates the work of the teacher or parents at the stage of preparation for the lesson. Thematic groups can be as follows:
- alphabet, letters, alphabet;
- human life;
- time calculation, seasons;
- musical literacy and instruments;
- garden;
- modern and ancient means of transportation;
- educational supplies;
- natural phenomena.
This is just a small list of topics that can be explored with children through the use of riddles. They fit well into any school subject, as well as a holiday, competition, excursion. Riddles enliven the learning process, making it more vivid and memorable.
The role of riddles in the development of children’s horizons, their speech, curiosity, and observation is very important. Using this genre, you can organize daily training of your child’s memory and attention. Considering the fact that children really love riddles, such activities will not seem intrusive and boring.
Verkhneketsky district of the Tomsk region
Scientific and practical conference for students
"My first project"
Emelyanov Zakhar Evgenievich, Zakharova Polina Tarasovna, Mingaleeva Daria Fedorovna, Rodikova Arina Aleksandrovna
Class 1
RESEARCH
Towards Linguistic and regional studies
Subject: Mystery
Scientific adviser: teacher of the highest category T.I. Tarkin
| Recognize that the job is done and protected with an assessment | _____________________________ |
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| Recommended | ______________________________ |
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| Chairman of the expert commission | _____________ Signature | ___________ date |
| Experts | _____________ Signature | ___________ date |
| _____________ Signature | ___________ date |
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| Chairman of the Expert Council | _____________ Signature | ___________ date |
P. Saiga
Introduction
3 s.
Chapter 1. Theoretical part
5 s.
The history of the mystery
5 s.
Types of riddles
8 p.
The structure of the riddle
10 s.
The meaning of the riddle
10 s.
Chapter 2. Practical part
11s
2.1. Creating a collection of riddles of your own composition
11s.
Conclusion
13s.
Bibliography
14s.
Application
15s.
INTRODUCTION
Our teacher asked us riddles during class. It was a lot of fun to guess.
We wondered if we could come up with a riddle ourselves, what do we need to know and be able to do for this? This topic is relevant for us because by solving ready-made riddles and inventing our own, we will develop our imagination, imagination, and mind. And this, of course, will help us in our future studies.
Target: creating a collection of riddles, your own composition.
Tasks:
1. Find out how riddles appeared and what they are needed for.
2. Find out how riddles work.
3. Learn to write your own riddles.
4. Create a collection of riddles.
Subject of study: mystery
Object of study: the ability to create a collection of your own riddles.
Research methods:
Searching for information on the Internet;
Literature search;
Practical work: “Come up with a riddle yourself”;
Practical work on creating a collection of riddles;
Quiz among the first classes “The best guesser”
Hypothesis: perhaps because we don’t know how the riddles work and what they are needed for?
This work is not only theoretical, but also applied. Its significance lies in the fact that we will not only gain new knowledge, but also apply it in practice, creating a collection of riddles of our own composition. Using our collection, we will conduct a quiz among elementary school students.
While working on the project, we will not only learn to come up with our own riddles, but also to speak in front of other children, answer questions, and prove our opinions.
In my work I used information from various Internet sites. The work was completed as a result of joint actions of parents, teacher and student.
Chapter 1. Theoretical part
The history of the riddle
The riddle belongs to one of the most ancient genres of oral folk art, which differs from other genres in that it requires guessing the described object. Therefore, the riddle is of great importance in the formation of intelligence. The main purpose of a riddle is that it develops intuition and intelligence in a person. Guessing a riddle presupposes the presence of knowledge, ideas about a number of objects, phenomena of the world around us, broadens our horizons, accustoms us to observations, focuses attention on the object being guessed, on the word that describes it, on the sound that helps to guess the riddle, etc.
The history of mysteries goes back to the distant past. Riddles have been made since ancient times. Nowadays we consider riddles as a form of entertainment, but in ancient times people took them seriously.
In ancient times, people believed that animals, plants, and inanimate nature understood human language. The primitive hunter, cattle breeder, plowman in the field, in the forest, on the water, in the home - everywhere and everywhere constantly encountered a hostile conscious force that sent failure, fire, disease. This force had to be outwitted, and this requires secret, conditional speech.
It turns out that a person came up with a secret expression, not wanting to say out loud the real name of what determined his life. Primitive man, who resorted to a special allegorical form of speech, was convinced that he was hiding preparations for hunting, without naming his tools, animals, and intentions. By resorting to allegory, he does not give the animals the opportunity to learn about the danger and thereby ensures a successful hunt for himself. In those days, tests were even arranged for young boys in their ability to solve riddles, which had a magical meaning, being an integral part of the initiation rite - the initiation of young men into warriors. Without knowledge of this conventional speech, the young man could not become an equal member of his native team.
The riddle was of great importance in the lives of different peoples and in different periods of history until the 19th century. Although the original meaning of the riddle was gradually lost, nevertheless, it was firmly entrenched in rituals, ceremonies, and holidays.
The Greeks and Romans held competitions to solve riddles, and the winner received a prize. Some legends say that sometimes his life depended on whether a person could give the correct answer to a riddle or not. The competition in the ability to solve riddles was even equated to one of the types of martial arts.
Riddles were also used during ancient wedding rituals to test the bride and groom.
Ancient oracles often asked questions and gave advice in the form of riddles.
Kings exchanged secret messages using riddles. These riddles were very difficult.
Riddles are found even in the Bible. At Samson's wedding, Queen Sheba asked King Solomon a large number of riddles.
Later, peasant customs prescribed riddles to be made at certain times and under certain circumstances. It was forbidden to ask riddles at the wrong time - during the period of summer field work, riddles were not allowed, and in the canopy and winter, riddles were supposed to be asked only in the evening, after sunset. It was believed that breaking tradition could cause disaster.
With the help of riddles, folk knowledge accumulated over centuries was preserved for posterity. We see how man sought to unravel the secret language of nature in order to master it.
Over time, the serious meaning of riddles was forgotten, and they began to be used for entertainment and as an important educational game. Now, this is nothing more than a way to kill boredom and have fun.
Types of riddles
Riddles - questions.
Riddles - tasks.
Riddles of allegory.
Riddles - descriptions.
Trick riddles.
Humorous riddles.
“Two crocodiles were flying: one green, and the other to Africa. How much does a kilogram of nails weigh?
1.3. The structure of the riddle
There are no special parts to the puzzle. It can consist of one sentence or several. Words in sentences may or may not rhyme. But the rhythm of the riddle is similar to a poem.
When composing riddles, different techniques can be used: comparison, exaggeration, negation, opposition (antithesis) and renaming (metaphor).
1.4. The meaning of the riddle.
At first, the child does not yet know how to solve riddles; he does not have the necessary knowledge for this. The main thing for him is the process of memorizing riddles, which turns into a kind of verbal game. Then he learns to compare the characteristics of various objects, find commonality in them, and he develops the ability to classify objects and discard their unimportant characteristics. That is, with the help of a riddle, the foundations of theoretical creative thinking are formed.
A riddle develops a child's observation skills. The more observant a child is, the better and faster he solves riddles. What a wonderful process takes place, for example, in the head of a child when he quickly finds a resemblance between a grandfather dressed in a hundred fur coats and an onion, or between a girl sitting in a dungeon with a braid facing the street and a carrot!
A special place in the process of raising children is occupied by the diagnostic function of the riddle: it allows the teacher, without any special tests or questionnaires, to identify the degree of observation, intelligence, mental development, as well as the level of creative thinking of the child.
ChapterII. Practical part. Creating a book with riddles we have invented.
After studying the theoretical material, we tried to compose a riddle ourselves. To do this, we first analyzed existing riddles, and then tried to build our own using the same principle. We came up with the first riddles as a group. These were riddles - descriptions, or “children's” riddles. We took any object and tried to describe it in such a way that the text necessarily had a poetic rhythm, and if possible, then a rhyme. Then, as a group, we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the invented riddles. The next step was to work independently. At home, with their parents or on their own, they tried to make up riddles. Then at school they were analyzed in detail, edited, and selected for the collection. Here is an example of a description puzzle:
There are meadow
There are field ones.
Whether white or red,
They are all wonderful.
The next type of riddles that we began to work with are riddles in which there is an open or hidden comparison. The work was based on the same principle as before:
We analyze the existing riddle in a group, together with the teacher;
Select an item for the riddle;
As a group, we build a riddle based on the finished one;
Checking rhythm and rhyme in the group;
We write riddles ourselves at home;
We check, edit, select everything for the collection together.
Round as a pancake
Gives us light like a light bulb.
You'll be under it for a long time,
You will ruin your skin.
And the last type of riddles that we worked with are riddles that use a technique such as metaphor (renaming). Here is an example of such riddles:
Zebra on the road
She stretched out her legs.
And on these legs,
People walk here and there.
Thus, our collection includes three types of riddles: riddles - descriptions, riddles - allegories, and riddles with both hidden and open comparisons. In total we came up with 37 riddles.
The next step was to draw an illustration for each riddle. We distributed the riddles and began to draw.
Then they scanned the drawings, cut them and pasted them into an electronic book of riddles.
Based on the collection we created, we held a quiz among elementary school children, “The Best Guesser.”
CONCLUSION
During the theoretical work on the project, we learned about how the riddle appeared and what significance it had not only in ancient times, but also in the present day. We also got acquainted with different types of riddles and learned how they work.
We applied the knowledge we acquired practically, creating a collection of riddles of our own composition.
We really liked the work we did. It was interesting to learn something new about seemingly known and simple things. It was also very fun to write riddles both in a group with a teacher and at home with our parents, despite the fact that this work turned out to be very difficult for us.
COLLECTION OF RIDDLES FOR JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN
| Fluffy, but not a squirrel. Light, but not feather-like. Falls from the sky, but not rain. They will stand next to their friends, - They will become snowdrifts. | snowflakes |
| In spring they turn green, In autumn they turn red and yellow. They fall to the ground They foretell winter to us. |  leaves |
| There are meadows, and there are field ones. Whether white or red, They are all wonderful. |  flowers |
| Gray rodent, He loves bread crumbs. But very our animal He is afraid of the beast - the cat. |  mouse |
| Lies under a barrel A fluffy ball. Purrs very loudly. |  cat |
| Decorates the house Decorating the Christmas tree Gathers friends. |  New Year |
| Sparkles, flashes, Decorating the Christmas tree... |  garland |
| It's cold, it's freezing. Mom carries groceries in it. |  fridge |
| Red-haired, cunning, Takes it from the crows And she eats it herself. |  fox |
| Soars, fries, The house is insulated, Controls the comfort in the house. |  stove |
| Long neck, tail and hooves They are running angrily across Africa. |  giraffe |
| Boiling water is boiling, puffing, He calls us to the table, He orders me to drink tea. |  kettle |
| A beauty grows in the forest, The kids really like it. Green, fluffy, Golden in the sun. Will bring joy to children Happy New Year! |  Christmas tree |
| The man says But there is no person nearby. The movie shows Tells the news. |  TV |
| Consists of water Only frost will preserve it. Transparent, fragile, melting, He calls the children to the skating rink. |  ice |
| Round as a pancake Gives us light like a light bulb. You'll be under it for a long time, You will ruin your skin. |  Sun |
| Round, not a ball, Green, not a Christmas tree. |  |
A type of charade in which the hidden word is broken down into semantic parts, and then each part is replaced by a synonym, antonym, association, or permutation of letters ball+hell = cube+heaven. Sometimes the area to which the hidden word belongs, or its basic definition, may be indicated.
For example:
over+win = item, answer: under+bet
Moby+image = animal, answer: dick+image
mouse+stick mud+floor lamp+Loki, answer: mole+cue silt+chandelier+tor
CUBE RIDDLES
A type of charade in which well-known sayings, proverbs, and popular expressions are encrypted. This task is solved in parts, because previously guessed expressions are also divided into parts and each word is replaced with synonyms, antonyms, associations, terms close in meaning or rearrangement of letters. You need to unravel each individual word and connect everything into one known expression. Sometimes the classification of the riddle is indicated - for example, a saying, proverb, aphorism, catchphrase, title of a book or film.
For example:
stroke cleanliness with the back of your head = saying, answer: don’t lose face
falling into a pelican's hole = movie, answer: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
The indifferent Potap had his paw sewn on in a vacant lot = proverb, answer: Curious Varvara’s nose was torn off at the market
IN RHYME (NON-WHITE POEMS)
In a short poetic text there is a word that is suitable in meaning, rhythm, and pronunciation.
For example:
1. He is both in the OS and among the ice floes. Answer: penguin
2. The artist wrote, and the clock melted. Answer: (Salvador) Dali
3. Where films are made and Oscars are given. Answer: Hollywood.
RAPPED
The player receives a set of words, next to each there are numbers indicating the number of letters in the word. The indicated letters must be adjacent, without breaks. Having written out all the correct letter combinations in a row, the player receives a new word or phrase.
For example:
malachite (3)
retro (2)
gossip (4)
plant (3)
piety (2)
Answer: hit+po+weave+ten+ie = intricacy
BEGINNING END (HEAD-TAIL)
The player is presented with a picture, on it he needs to find two words that form a new word when combined.
For example:
Answer: lakeROSECastle 
answer: cupKATERmos
GaPoiFiKa (FiKnika)
The names of famous works of art (FiKniKa - films, books, paintings) are translated into letter abbreviations in which each word, including prepositions, conjunctions and interjections, contributes several letters to the result. You need to decipher the letter abbreviation and guess the name.
For example:
VoBLS = picture, answer: Return of the Prodigal Son
AlivStraChu = book, answer: Alice in Wonderland
VlaKoBraKo = movie, answer: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
TARKUSOGRAM
The task is a visual anagram: using pictures, a word or phrase is encrypted on the left side of the tarcusogram, and several words are encrypted on the right side, which are obtained from the answer by rearranging the letters. The answer format is a hidden word (phrase) and words from the right side, the letters of which form the entire word (phrase) from the left.
For example: 
Answer: family tree = cricket + hyena + hunger + E + E + E
The player is offered several words or pictures that represent clues. All answers have one thing in common - the same combination of three letters in each word.
For example:
Answer: forty, castling, prophet
METAGRAM
A type of charade in which words are guessed that differ by only one letter. The encrypted words of the metagram consist of the same number of letters and differ in meaning. There are many varieties of such tasks - from pictures to sequential changes of one letter in a word to turn one word into another in a certain number of steps.
For example:
If you change the “m” to “f”, charm and charm will warm you up in bad weather. If you change “f” to “w”, you get a comic portrait. Answer: charm-scarf-caricature 
Answer: drone - throne.
How to turn your brain to mush in 6 steps? Answer: BRAIN-MORG-TORG-TORA-TARA-KARA-PORRIDGE
A word that differs by one letter from those shown in the pictures 
Answer: clan (the pictures show a treasure and a tap, the word “clan” differs from each by one letter)
This riddle is a word or phrase encrypted in the form of pictures with additional letters and specific characters.
For example: 
answer: phonendoscope
In this task, words are guessed that differ from each other by one syllable or letter, for example, phase = pheasant, dream = chanson, para = sails. New words in logogriffs are formed by adding or subtracting a syllable or letter. Submission format - text, poems or pictures.
For example:
He is an internet hero, fluffy and fast. Add more letters and a shot will ring out. Answer: Colt cat 
Answer: garden facade
ASSOCIATION
The player is offered several pictures that form a common associative connection. You need to figure out what unites all the pictures.
For example: 
Answer: roulette
The player is given a picture - on it you need to find two words that intersect in at least three letters when combined. Sometimes words can be borrowed or slang.
For example: 
Answer: tarTARelka (tartar + plate)
TEXT HYBRID
The task allegorically encrypts several words that, when combined, intersect in at least three letters. Sometimes common surnames or slang may be used.
For example:
1. A bird of the pheasant family that kills with a firearm. Answer: sniQUAIL
2. A famous artist is in a desperate situation. Answer: tuPIKasso
INGREDIENTS (POLYGLOT)
The player receives a rambling phrase that must be translated into a specified foreign language, usually English. After reading the translation, the player selects a consonant guess word.
For example:
1. Fang or man (English) – fang or man. Answer: phenomenon.
2. Serve auntie (English) – serve auntie. Answer: sideboards
COMBINATIONS
The player is provided with paired pictures that form well-known phrases. The task is to restore the hidden phrases. There are several formats for this assignment.
For example:
1. Adjective + noun 
Answer: time loop
2. Noun + noun 
Answer: compass rose
3. Collocations with prepositions 
Answer: (as) out of the blue
4. Steam locomotives (two root words) 
Answer: centipede
The puzzle resembles an “open” cycloid with logical elements. A series of pictures represent hidden words, in which each subsequent one begins from the last few letters of the previous one.
For example: 
Answer: doberMANDRAGORANGUTANKEWAVINGCREATION
WINGLESS (WINGS)
The task is a short poem (usually no more than 4 lines), in which part of the text is missing. The missing line is catchphrases, aphorisms, famous lines from songs or poems (“wings”). The player's task is to restore the missing line.
For example:
Robin Hood is pleased with himself
Helping the poor is under control!
After all, he understood since childhood -
<КРЫЛО>.
response format: missing line (no punctuation)
Answer: the end justifies the means.
LOGICAL SERIES
Based on the logical sequence specified by a series of pictures, you need to select the missing word, phrase or number.
For example: 
Answer: Thallium (in the pictures - elements of the periodic table: 78. Platinum. 79. Gold. 80. Mercury. 81. Thallium)
NUMERIC LETTERS
In this task you need to unravel the combination of numbers and a kind of abbreviation (letter abbreviation), guided by logic.
For example:
1440 MvS. Answer: 1440 minutes in a day.
221B - NDSHH. Answer: 221B – Sherlock Holmes house number.
29 FBIvChG. Answer: February 29th occurs once every four years.
The puzzle is a continuous series of words in which each subsequent word begins with the last few letters of the previous one. The words are encrypted in pictures; you can start solving them from any one, moving in the direction of the cycloid.
For example: 
Answer: floorraktyranosaurusalligator
DIARRHEA (BOYCOTT)
The picture encrypts a key phrase in which both words are combined into one new word. The player's task is to find a key phrase and make one word out of the two received.
For example: 
Answer: fight(+)cat = boycott 
Answer: bank (+) mouth = bankrupt
The task is based on the principles of the word game of the same name, which requires the player to have well-developed associative thinking and logic. The task is to guess the “crocodile”, the hidden word or phrase.
For example: 
Answer: bullshit
SONGS IN PICTURES
Several lines from the verse or chorus of famous songs are presented in a series of pictures that visually display what the text is about. You need to guess the author/title of the song or answer the question asked.
For example: 
Answer: Aria - Hero of the Asphalt
(Your home has become a prison for you
For those in the house, you are a stranger
You were naive and waited for change)
MARCH OF DISSENTERS (SOUND OF MUSIC)
You need to guess the title and/or author of the song only by a set of vowels from the chorus or verse. All consonant letters are replaced with the sign “*”, but still their combinations can be quite useful for understanding the rhythm and structure of the intended song.
For example:
**o*o *a***e*
*s*o*a *e*
**yu* *o*e**i – and *o*e*e*i
*u**o **i*a**
* **yu-*o *e**a**
**o**y, *a* * *e**o*o*i*e*e:
*s*o*a *e*
*s*o*a *e*
Answer: Spleen - There is no way out
HPM (TYPOGRAPHICS)
Visual logic puzzle - the name of a film, book, painting or other famous work is encrypted in the picture. The image contains a “typo” - it differs by only one letter from the name of the hidden work.
For example: 
Answer: Ernest Hemingway - The Old Man and the Sea (the letter “w” in the word “walrus” turns into “e”); 
Answer: Jack London - White Fang (the letter “o” in the word “shred” turns into “s”)
ALTERNATIVE COVERS (DESIGN MASTERPIECES)
The assignment format is a picture representing an alternative vision of book covers, movie posters or other works of art. You need to guess the name by analyzing the image and using associative thinking.
For example: 
Answer: M. Bulgakov - Fatal eggs. 
Answer: Stendhal - Red and Black
DECORDER (MAX MADNESS)
The task contains encrypted words of famous songs, formulated using synonyms, allegories, scientific terminology and other specific vocabulary. The player's task is to decipher the text, restore the original lines and guess the artist and title of the song.
For example:
Take a horizontal position, restore your physical and moral reserves and heed my words
I restrained my desires for a good cause, but on this day of the week I wash my hands of
I made myself very clear, restore peace of mind and listen to the silence
Voila, good luck, I'm no longer interested in you
Decrypted lines:
Lie down, rest and listen to what I say
I've been patient, but today I'm leaving
I said: Calm down and shut your mouth
That's all, goodbye to hell with you
Answer: Agatha Christie - Like in war
DETECTIVE AGENCY (POLICE STATION)
The task is a logical puzzle, in the text of which a key word or phrase is encrypted with a consonant term and replaced with a synonym. To get the answer, you need to select the desired phrase in the text, replace it with a synonym and break the resulting word into semantic units.
For example:
Deputy director Vasya Pupkin was known for his sycophancy and slander. As soon as unforeseen situations occurred in the department, Vasya immediately rushed to report to his superiors.
“I’ll write complaints against you all,” Vasya proudly announced to the offending employees.
- Exotic fruit? - employees of other departments were worried.
Answer: and on us
POEMS WITH TWO UNKNOWN MAN (Blind Man's Bluff)
This logic puzzle is presented in the form of a verse, in which some words are encrypted using Latin letters. There are at least two hidden words; anagrams can also be used. The words fit logically into the text and meaning of the poem, and when the guessing words are combined, a new word is formed.
For example:
Option one:
X was trembling on the lake,
Y were sitting on the shore.
Elvis would definitely laugh for a long time,
Seeing these XY.
Answer: sideburns (X - sideburns, Y - sideburns, XY - sideburns)
Option two (indicating the number of letters in the required words):
XXXXX was trembling on the lake,
YYYYY were sitting on the shore.
Elvis would definitely laugh for a long time,
Seeing these XXXXXYYYYY.
A riddle has been defined since the time of Aristotle, who called it a well-crafted metaphor. IN AND. Dahl wrote that a riddle is “an allegory or hints, a roundabout speech, a circumlocution, a brief allegorical description of an object offered for the solution” 1 . The most accurate definition of the riddle belongs to V.P. Anikin: “A riddle is a poetic, intricate description of an object or phenomenon, made with the aim of testing a person’s intelligence, as well as with the aim of instilling in him a poetic view of reality.” 2
A riddle is a brief description of a silent object or phenomenon based on similar or hinted features of another object or phenomenon.
A riddle develops a person’s poetic view of reality and creates unlimited scope for imagination. Therefore, it can be noted that a riddle is a poetically intricate description of an object or phenomenon, made with the aim of testing a person’s intelligence and at the same time instilling in him a poetic view of reality.
The origins of riddles go back to the secret speech of primitive society, to taboo speech (that is, to words that certain members of a tribe or clan were forbidden to say out loud due to their age, gender or social status in that particular society). Riddles are common among all nations.
In addition, the origin of riddles is connected with a person’s desire to scare away and deceive evil spirits, which, as was previously believed, could negatively affect the life and fate of a person, child, cattle, etc. The hostile force had to be outwitted in order to ensure the well-being of oneself and one’s family, therefore an object or person was called differently from what its name or title actually sounds like.
The riddle also played a major role in initiation rites (the ceremony of initiating a boy into a man), common among all ancient peoples. The initiated boy was tested with the help of riddles: having guessed them, he was considered to have successfully passed this test and passed to the next stage of initiation - without knowledge of the secret speech, the young man could not become a man.
Riddles are found in the mythology of ancient peoples (for example, in ancient Greek myths).
In ancient times, riddles had mystical, religious and ritual uses; making and guessing riddles was considered a sign of special wisdom. Riddles could be made only at certain times - in the summer and during the day you couldn’t make them. Making a wish was allowed at the end of field work, in the fall and winter. Particular importance was attached to wishing during the celebration of Christmastide (from December 25 to January 6).
Russian riddles by origin are also associated with conventional speech - the encrypted language of hunters, with rituals and magical actions aimed at ensuring the harvest and success in cattle breeding and agriculture.
The riddles performed and perform the following functions:
Cognitive (promoted the activation of knowledge of the surrounding world, especially in a child),
Developmental (develop observation skills, logical thinking)
Entertaining, because allowed you to entertain and occupy yourself, your family and children in your free time from work and housekeeping
Artistic (contributed to the formation of imaginative thinking in a person, the ability to see the world in images).
As researchers have already indicated, the famous Russian traveler of the 18th century. S.P. Krasheninnikov noted the remains of an ancient secret speech among Russian sable hunters. The artel elected a “forward leader”, he appointed assistants and ordered them, among other things, “not to call a raven, a snake and a cat by their direct names, but to call them horseback, skinny and baked/soy." Krasheninnikov further wrote: "Industry people say that in previous years many more things were called with strange names, for example: church - topped, woman - husk or whitehead, girl - a simpleton, horse - long-tailed, cow - roaring, sheep - thin-legged, pig - low-looking, rooster - barefoot and so on..." Krasheninnikov noted that all these words, except for the replacement raven, snake and cat, were left, that is, they were not used 3.
Russians have preserved echoes of the mysteries of the ancient period in epics, fairy tales, and songs. For example, many underwater songs take the form of riddles: they do not describe the fate of a person, but replace it with a description of an object or action. In the fairy tale “The Clever Daughter” or “The Seven-Year-Old,” the king asks the girl several riddles, after solving which she marries the king - thus, here the fairy tale serves as a way to test the hero’s sharpness and intelligence. The most interesting riddle in this tale is the riddle when the cunning king orders the girl to come to him without walking. Not on horseback, not undressed, not dressed, not with a gift, but not without a gift, and the girl comes to him in a fishing net, riding a hare, which immediately runs away, and with a quail in her hands, which flies out of her hands.
Over time, the ancient function of riddles gradually faded away, but their poetic form remained. They began to treat the riddle as a way of testing intelligence, and they began to create new riddles about objects and phenomena. A folklore genre emerged that had no other purposes other than artistic and entertainment. The fairy tale has become a genre of children's folklore.
D.N. Sadovnikov, in the preface to his collection of riddles, pointed out the main difference between proverbs and riddles. “The former,” he wrote, “reflected the people’s views on nature and the environment, the latter reflected all the worldly wisdom and moral personality of the common people. In the riddle, more ancient in form and origin, full scope opened up for the creative imagination of the people; in the proverb - for his common sense and criticism" 4.
Municipal educational institution –
secondary school No. 4
"District scientific and practical conference."
Supervisor: Malikova Svetlana Vladimirovna,
primary school teacher
first qualification category of Municipal Educational Institution-Secondary School No. 4.
Totykaeva Elena Alexandrovna
Primary school teacher
Asino - 2010
1. Introduction.________________________________________________________________3
2.What is a riddle?________________________________________________4
3.When and why did riddles appear? (history)___________________5
4. What types of riddles are there?__________________________________________6
5.Who wrote riddles in the old days, and who now?________________________ 11
6. Research results._________________________________________________________12
7. Conclusion.________________________________________________________________ 14
8. List of references.___________________________________________ 15
9. Appendix ___________________________________________________16
Introduction.
Relevance. If you ask any person whether he likes to solve riddles, then there is no doubt that everyone will answer “yes”. A riddle is an exercise for developing the mind, intelligence,
, savvy That is why we chose this topic.
Goal of the work: a study of the origin of riddles and their types .
Hypothesis: We assume that people composed riddles to have fun and develop their ingenuity.
Tasks:
get acquainted with the history of the mysteries.;
consider what types of riddles there are.;
survey students;
analyze the results obtained and draw conclusions about the study;
Based on the collected material, make little “riddles” books for junior students. school age...
Scientific novelty of the research: This is the first time such a study has been conducted within this institution.
Practical significance: This work can be used during classroom hours and extra-curricular activities in elementary grades.
Research methods:
1. Analysis of literature on the research problem, media.
2. Questionnaire.
3. Data processing and analysis.
Student research: It's all about riddles.
Problematic question
Who invented the riddles and what are they for?Hypothesis
I think that riddles were invented by ordinary people to have fun and develop their ingenuity.Questions that concern me
What is a riddle?
When and why did riddles appear? (story)
What types of riddles are there?
Who wrote riddles in the old days, and who now?
There are many definitions of riddles. We will give several definitions.
Mystery- an intricate description of an object, compiled in order to test a person's intelligence.
The riddle emphasizes the main features of the object. To compose a riddle, you need to identify these signs. It is important to think about the questions: who? Which? what does it look like? what is he doing?
Mystery- a genre of folk (later also author's) creativity, the essence of which is an allegorical and metaphorical description of an object or phenomenon.
MYSTERY- this is a tricky question. The main purpose of a riddle is that it develops intuition and intelligence in a person.
The hut is new, but there is no tenant.
The tenant will appear, the hut will fall apart.
In literary reading lessons, we got acquainted with riddles, learned to solve them, and even tried to come up with our own riddles. It turned out that it was not so easy.
Everyone loves riddles: both adults and children. What is a riddle? This is a special and interesting world. It is the world, since riddles contain knowledge and information about the people, as well as about the world around them. The word itself "mystery" derived from the word "guess", which meant "think", "to reflect".
Riddles are one of the oldest genres of oral folk poetry. Many scientists believe that riddles arose as a phenomenon of allegorical secret speech. Our distant ancestors used it A long time ago, even when people were afraid of nature, it seemed to the ancient hunter, farmer, and cattle breeder that there were good and evil creatures everywhere.
In the forest - a goblin, in the river - Vodyanoy and mermaids, in a hut - Brownie. They thought that a tree, a fish, a bird - everyone understood human language. And in order to deceive the beast and understand each other, they came up with a special language - “mysterious speech”.
Primitive man, who resorted to a special allegorical form of speech, was convinced that he was hiding preparations for hunting, without naming his tools, animals, and intentions. By resorting to allegory, he does not give the animals the opportunity to learn about the danger and thereby ensures a successful hunt for himself.
For example, a bear was called a cow, and in their language it was called “shikusha,” and a horse was called a housetail.” It was from this mysterious speech that riddles were born.
Ancient man endowed nature with the ability to feel and influence the fate of a person, and therefore believed that with the help of mysterious speech one could deceive animals or plants and ward off trouble. A folk riddle is associated with these “false” words, in which an unnamed object or phenomenon was described by pointing to some signs, for example: “I went along the tuk-takh. -tavta, snoring-takhta would have eaten me" (“I went after a horse, took a dog with me and met a bear”). Also, according to scientists, in ancient times riddles were a means of teaching “secret” words to young people. Many centuries ago, people used riddles simply for communication if they did not want others to know what they were talking about. In later times, riddles were used to test wisdom and wit, ingenuity and resourcefulness. Riddles were often used in ancient Russian fairy tales and were considered a kind of test, the completion of which led to the fulfillment of desires.
They beat me with sticks
They stone me
They keep me in a fiery cave
They cut me with knives.
Why are they ruining me like this?
For being loved.
According to the conviction of a primitive hunter, cattle breeder, plowman in the field. in the forest, on the water, in the home - everywhere and everywhere a person constantly faces a hostile conscious force that sends failure. fire, illness. This force must be outwitted, and this requires a secret one. conditional speech. Without knowledge of this conventional speech, the young man could not become an equal member of his native team. Along with others. Tests of his wisdom were arranged for the young men.
A holey trough is made from linden,
Along the way we go and lay out the cages.
Later, peasant customs prescribed riddles to be made at certain times and under certain circumstances. In folk wedding customs, until the 19th century, telling riddles was a mandatory part of the wedding ceremony.
Vladimir Dal I wrote down a proverb that was used as a warning to the groom:
“Choose a friend who can solve riddles.”
In fairy tales, the princess marries the one who managed to guess her riddles. It was forbidden to make riddles at the wrong time - in the summer and during the day. This caused trouble. Among the ancient Greeks and Germans, as legends say, asking riddles was equated with martial arts. According to legends and traditions, those who did not guess the riddle paid with their lives.
Guests arrived - and under the bench
The asking of riddles by mermaids and similar supernatural creatures reproduces in mythological images the knowledge and struggle of man with the forces of nature. Man sought to unravel the secret language of nature in order to master it.
It turns out that the riddle has an interesting story - plunge headlong into this world - and it will not let you get bored.
During the research, we found out that there are different riddles: direct, mathematical and logical, funny and with a trick, rebus riddles and historical ones. They teach us to be attentive and active, develop our imagination and curiosity, train our memory and simply have fun.
The significance of riddles in the lives of our ancestors was great. The main thing is that the riddle was a means of livelihood, the riddle helped to get food; From fairy tales we learned that the heroes’ ability to solve riddles made them noble, rich people at the end of the fairy tale. Riddles explained to the ancestors many phenomena in nature, such as thunder, lightning, thunderstorms.
Why do you need to be able to solve riddles in our time?
(A riddle is an exercise for developing the mind, intelligence, and ingenuity).
Types of riddles with examples
Straight riddles, in which, with the help of allegories, direct and indirect features, a mysterious object or phenomenon is described. They can be either colloquial or poetic.
What is it: it doesn’t bark, doesn’t bite, and doesn’t let you into the house?
Answer: castle.
Of course, the riddle can be more complex, for example:
An obedient slave and at the same time the master himself. Closest to everyone in the world, and at the same time unattainable. Who is this?
Answer: (Your reflection).
The riddle does not necessarily contain only one item. There may be four completely different ones:
It burns without fire, flies without wings, runs without legs, hurts without wounds.
Answers: (Sun, cloud, river, heart).
Folk riddles are very beautiful and imaginative:
Father has a stallion - the whole world cannot contain it,
Mother has boxes that the whole world cannot lift,
My brother has a sash that the whole world can’t roll up.
Answer: (Wind, earth, road).
The Slavs have always loved their nature, and Russian landscapes often inspired storytellers, among other things, to create riddles about nature.
Poetic form: It grew, it grew,
It crawled out of the bush,
It rolled through my hands,
It ended up in my teeth.
Answer: (Nuts.).
Pay attention to the accuracy of the wording: not another fruit or vegetable, because “rolled” means small and easy to roll, hard (soft, if it rolls, it will most likely smear). Not a cherry, because “from the bush.” Moreover, there is an accent: not “in the mouth”, but “in the teeth”, since the nuts need to be chewed. At first it seems that a lot of things fit this formulation, but in fact - only nuts. A clear example of how folk art is honed over the years, and the result is a capacious and self-sufficient text.
Who knows no boundaries?
Who flies faster than birds?
He is sometimes menacing, sometimes rebellious,
How soft the spring fluff is.
Who is the freest in the world?
Did you guess it? This...
(wind) *
The answer to this riddle is written backwards; There are other convenient ways to record the answer, especially in electronic form - in white font (as in other cases in this article), in the form of additional hyperlinks, upside down, on the last page of the collection, etc.
He trumpets, but is not a trumpeter,
A universally recognized strongman.
He sleeps standing under a palm tree.
Did you guess it? This…
(Elephant) *
The elephant, like many other animals, appears in riddles very often. Although, of course, in Russian folk mysteries it can only be found closer to modern times, when Russians saw elephants in circuses.
2. Trick riddles differ in that they imply one solution, but in fact, behind a play on words or another deceptive device, lies a completely different one.
An example of a children's riddle:
Who's chewing a pine cone on a branch?
Well, of course it is...
Bear Squirrel *
Examples of deceptions:
Ivan had 10 sheep. All but 9 died. How many sheep are left?
Answer: (Nine, because one died).
A storm broke out in the port. The ship sails towards it, focusing on the lighthouse. The lighthouse will go out and go out. Will the ship reach the pier?
Answer: (No, because the beacon will go out and go out, in general, it doesn’t work).
There are two coins on the table; they add up to 3 rubles. One of them is not 1 ruble. What coins are these?
Answer: (2 rubles and 1 ruble. One is certainly not a ruble, but the other is definitely a ruble).
3. Riddles for imaginative thinking are usually resolved if we consider the issue not literally, but figuratively or broadly. Include factors in the decision that may be implied by ambiguous interpretation of the question or the words used in it.
Examples:
The three tractor drivers have a brother, Sergei, but Sergei has no brothers. Could this be possible?
Answer: (Yes, if the tractor drivers are women).
What word always sounds wrong?
Answer: (The word “wrong”).
What can you cook but can't eat?
Answer: (Lessons).
Name five different days without using numbers (1, 2, 3,..) or names (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday...).
Answer: (The day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow).
What do all people living on Earth do at the same time?
Answer: (Getting older).
4. Math riddles are solved using calculations, but often involve the use of both figurative and logical thinking. And sometimes it’s pure mathematics, but framed in figurative folk speech. For example, a beautiful Russian riddle:
A flock of geese was flying, one goose met them. “Hello,” he said, “a hundred geese!” - “No, we are not a hundred geese. If only there were so many more, and half as much, and a quarter as much, and you, goose, then there would be a hundred of us geese.” How many geese were flying?
Answer: (36 geese. Because if you add the same amount to 36 (36), half as much (18), a quarter as much (9) and one more (1), it will be exactly 100).
First of all, the characters of riddles and fairy tales are those animals and plants that surround the people who created the riddle. There have always been plenty of geese in Rus'
A typical "Train" math riddle:
Two freight trains, both 250 m long, are traveling towards each other at the same speed of 45 km/h. How many seconds will pass after the drivers meet until the conductors of the last cars meet?
Answer: (At the moment the drivers meet, the distance between the conductors will be 500 m, since each train travels at a speed of 45 + 45 = 90 km/h, or 25 m/s. The required time is 500:25 = 20 seconds.
A simple math problem involving counting:
A messenger left the city, walking 12 miles every day. A messenger was sent after him, who accelerates slowly but surely. On the first day you walk a mile, on the second - two, on the third - three, etc. When will the second messenger catch up with the first?
Answer: (On the 23rd day).
5.Plot riddles.
There is a special category of plot riddles in which the plot plays the main role, being both the background and a set of conditions of the riddle.
Firstly, this is the famous “Danetka” game, which allows a group of participants to investigate a complex and mysterious situation by asking the host questions that can only be answered “yes” or “no”. Danetka example:
“There is a garage. It's completely empty. Only in the middle of the ceiling hangs a hook. A man hanged himself on a hook. There's nothing else in the garage. How could he hang himself?”
Gradually, figuring out the situation, the players learn that the garage is located in the desert, and that a man arrived in a refrigerator, brought with him an ice cube, put it under a hook, climbed onto it, and when the cube melted, he naturally found himself hanged.
6. Logic riddles are solved by checking the truth of each proposition separately and various combinations of propositions. Also, they can always be solved using logical equations.
The simplest logic riddle:
Two grandmasters played five games of chess. Each of them won and lost the same number of games. They didn't play a single game in a draw. How could this happen?
Answer: (This is possible if the grandmasters did not play with each other).
This logical riddle is at the same time a trick riddle.
Examples of logic riddles:
A) Anya, Vika, Sasha and Dima are participating in the Olympiad. Fans made the following suggestions:
- Sasha will be the first, Anya will be the last,
- Sasha will be second, Dima will be third,
- Anya will be second, Dima will be fourth.
It turned out that in each sentence one is true, the other is false. What place did each student take?
Answer: (Sasha – 1, Vika – 4, Anya – 2, Dima – 3).
B) Which academic subject - geography, physics, mathematics, history - should be included in the schedule if the following conditions are met:
- if geography is taken out, then physics is taken out;
- if you can’t stand history, then you can’t stand physics;
- incorrect: if mathematics endures, so does history.
Answer: (Mathematics).
C) Alyosha, Borya, Grisha found a vessel in the ground. Alyosha suggested that this is a Greek vessel from the 5th century, Borya that the vessel is Finnish from the 3rd century, Grisha is not a Greek vessel from the 4th century. Each boy is right only in one case. What is the vessel?
Answer: (Finnish 5th century).
D) One of the three students participated in the competition.
If Ivanov did not participate or Petrov participated, then Sidorov did not participate. If Sidorov did not participate, then Ivanov did not participate. Who participated?
Answer: (Petrov).
A logical riddle for preschoolers (which adults do not always guess):
Horse – 5, Cow – 2, Sheep – 2, Pig – 3, Dog – 3,
Cat – 3, Cuckoo – 4, Rooster – 8. Donkey – ?
The answer is (2, because “Ia” is two letters).
7. Humorous (“stupid”) riddles
Usually they are not guessed, but have the character of an anecdote, simply expressed in the form of a riddle or question.
Example:
What is it – green, white, square and flies?
Answer: Square white and green watermelon!
What is it - sitting on a tree, black and croaking? Starting with the letter Sh.
Answer: (Crow. Why on Ш? Because she pretended to be a hose).
Hangs on the wall, green, long, and shoots
Answer: (Towel. Why does it shoot? To make it harder to guess)..
8. Optical illusions most often they are not riddles. Usually these are just pictures demonstrating certain properties of optical illusion.
Example: Count how many black and white dots are in this picture!
9. Charades, anagrams, puzzles
There are many types of riddles that use philological techniques. Usually, their essence comes down to isolating syllables or letters from words, and using correctly isolated syllables or letters to compose new words. The main types of such riddles are: charade, anagram, rebus.
Nowadays, riddles have not lost their popularity. They attract the attention of many children's poets, who compose riddles following folk patterns. Author's riddles are easier to guess, and the best of them become real folk riddles, sometimes adapted for oral riddles. Here, for example, is a riddle about a saw:
"Eat, ate, oak, oak, broke a tooth, tooth"
Everyone knows it and perceives it as folk. But it was composed by the famous children's writer S.Ya.Marshak. And although most of them arose long ago, many are perceived as modern. And many modern author's riddles are perceived by us as folk.
Research results.
We conducted a survey in grades 1B, 1D, 2B and 2D and received the following results.
Do you like to ask riddles?
Conclusion: most children love to ask riddles.
do you know the riddles?
Conclusion: all children know riddles.
Can you guess 1-2 riddles now?
Conclusion: all the children made one or two riddles.
who comes up with riddles?
Ordinary people – 50%
Conclusion: half of the children are sure that riddles are invented by people, and the other half believe that riddles are written by writers.
Why do they come up with riddles?
This is an exercise for the mind – 46%
Having fun – 31%
Conclusion: almost half of the children believe that a riddle is an exercise for the mind, 31% believe that it is a fun time, and only 23% believe that it develops intelligence.
After analyzing the work, we can draw the following conclusions:
Everyone loves riddles.
A riddle is not only a fun pastime, but also an exercise for the mind, the development of imagination, ingenuity, and ingenuity.
Conclusion
While working on this project, we learned that riddles arose in ancient times as the language of “secret” speech. Riddles were then used to test the wits of young people, to communicate, or to pass the time in an interesting way. Thus, we came to the conclusion that all the riddles were composed by the people themselves and passed them on to each other from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. In the twentieth century, riddles appeared that were composed by writers and poets especially for children, the so-called author's riddles. Currently, many modern author's riddles are perceived by us as folk, since many do not remember or simply do not know that these riddles have an author. And although most of the mysteries arose a long time ago, many of them are perceived as modern.Each new era not only gives birth to new mysteries, but also loses them. Who comes up with riddles now? Studying children's magazines and pages on the Internet, we came to the conclusion that they are written by both writers and ordinary people, that is, the people. The popularity of riddles is due to the fact that they allow us to challenge ourselves, as well as simply entertain us.
Based on the collected material, little riddle books were made for primary school age students (see Appendix No. 1)
Literature:
1.. Mitrofanova V. In Russian folk riddles. Leningrad. The science. 1978, p.14.
2.Children's literature/ Collection of articles. Moscow. 1986, p.19.
3. Mitrofanova V.V. ibid., p.16.
4. Sadovnikov D. A. Riddles of the Russian people: Collection of riddles, questions, parables and problems. Moscow. Terra. 1996, p.15.
5. Mitrofanova V.V. ibid., p.15.
6. Mitrofanova V.V. ibid., p.10.
7. Sadovnikov D. A. in the same place, p. 15.
