Slide 1

Lesson plan: Basic concepts and terms Concept of society Country, society, state Society is a self-developing, self-regulating, self-sufficient system. Spheres of society.

Slide 2

society, spheres of society, world community, globalization, nature, environment, pre-literate and written societies, simple and complex societies, socio-economic formation, pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial societies, acceleration of history, social progress and regression, reforms and revolution, personality , needs, socialization, education, unity of the world, ecology, environmental problem, economic sphere, material production, spiritual sphere, religious consciousness, social sphere, social institution, society as a system, political sphere, traditional society, progress, regression, evolution, revolution , social relations, civilization, information society, scientific and technological revolution, historical process, participants in the historical process, global problems of humanity, overcoming backwardness, demographic problem, problems of raw materials, natural resources, terrorism. 1. Basic concepts and terms

Slide 3

“Society” comes from the word “common” (joint, collective). Society – people, forms of their association, joint life and activity. Joint activity is the main condition for the existence of society. The Latin word Socio means to unite, to unite, to undertake joint work. Society is a society united by joint activities. 2. The concept of society.

Slide 4

Social life began with the appearance of man on Earth - about 2-3 million years ago. The society has existed for about 40 thousand years - since the emergence of the clan community. Remember: what is a clan community? Explain the proposed chronology of the development of society.

Slide 5

the structure of society is constantly changing Large group family Educational collective Labor collective Informal collective classes nation

Slide 6

Society in the narrow sense of the word is: a circle of people united by common goals and interests, origin (for example, a society of book lovers, a noble assembly); Region (for example, Russian society, Primorye residents); By nationality (Russian people, Armenian diaspora) a separate specific society, country, state, historical stage in the development of mankind (for example, feudal society, capitalist society); humanity as a whole. Explain: what do you see as the difference between the two categories of society: “Russian people” and “Russian society”?

Slide 7

Society in the broad sense of the word is: A part of the material world that is separated from nature, but closely connected with it. The totality of all relationships and interactions of people and their associations. A product of the joint activity of people. Humanity as a whole (throughout history). The form and method of joint life of people.

Slide 8

The concept of society in the broad sense of the word can be defined as a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes: ways of interaction between people; forms of unification of people. Name the main differences between humans and animals that have appeared over time.

Slide 9

A country is a territory that has certain borders (for example, Russia, USA). It is necessary to distinguish 3 concepts: 3. Country, society, state. Society is people who live together in one country (for example, Russian society, American society). State - authorities that govern society: president, parliament, courts, police, government (for example, the state of the Russian Federation, the state of the United States of America). RUSSIAN Country Society State

Slide 10

The founder of the systems approach, which arose in natural science and then took root in the social sciences, is L. Von Bertalanffy 4. Society is a dynamic, self-developing, self-regulating, self-sufficient system System is a whole consisting of parts (spheres, institutions) All elements of the system (spheres of society ) have qualitative certainty. They perform their functions. All elements develop according to certain rules and laws. All elements (spheres of society) constantly interact with each other. Changes in one area often cause changes in another. The disappearance of one element leads to the disappearance of the entire system. Signs of the system:

Slide 11

1

What is society?

Narrow understanding
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A group of people,
united by some common
sign (bulky
society)
The totality is consistent
acting people
(book lovers society,
Union of Journalists, etc.)
Certain
historical stages
human development
(ancient society,
industrial society)
Specific
features of one's life
countries (Chinese
society, Russian
society)
Humanity as a whole
Broad understanding
Separated
from
nature, but cramped
part associated with it
world, which includes
yourself ways
interactions between people and
forms of their association
2

In what sense is the concept used?
“society” in the following statements?
a) the doors to the hall opened and his gaze
appeared quite motley
society
b) for the classes of feudal society
a certain range of rights is established and
responsibilities
c) aliens discovered on Earth
a complex society
structure and variety
d) in society, as opposed to nature,
the law of accelerating development applies
3

Unlike nature, society:

1)
has the properties of a system
2)
is in development
3)
acts as a creator of culture
4)
develops naturally
4

Spheres (subsystems) of public life

Economic
1.
2.
Social
3.
Political
4.
Spiritual
Relationships between people in progress
production, exchange,
distribution and consumption
Relationships between social groups,
layers, communities
Interaction of individual
people and social groups on the issue
about state power
Religious, moral,
aesthetic and other ideas relevant
them relationships and organizations
Materialists:
Idealists:
The economic sphere is the main one!
5
spiritual sphere
- home!

Correlate social phenomena, processes and institutions with each of the spheres

Property relations
Economic
The consignment
Electoral system
Scientific activity
Formation of a nation
The relationship between supply and demand
goods
Mass culture
Factors of production
Class structure of society
Federal State
device
Banking system
Artistic creativity
sphere
Social
sphere
Political
sphere
Spiritual
sphere
6

Signs of society as a system

A whole made up of
parts
Signs of society like
interconnected
systems
elements
Integrity
Sustainability
desire for
self-preservation
permanent
changes
Ability
to self-development
Openness
new elements
appear, old
disappear
7

Society as a dynamic system

1.
2.
3.
4.
Changes and develops
society as a whole
It changes and develops
elements
Elements of society
interconnected and
influence each other
Some elements stop
existence, others
appear
8

The dynamism of society as a system implies:

sustainability and stability
2) change and development
3) constant progress
1)
9

Social institutions

"establishment"
Social institutions
Historically established stable forms of organization
joint activities of people aimed at
satisfaction of the most important needs of life
family production
education
state
religion
Which ones?
in the reproduction of the species
in safety and social order
in livelihood
in acquiring knowledge, socialization, training
10
in solving spiritual problems of the meaning of life

How did human society arise?

Religious
version:
“God created man and gave him everything
material world and moral law"
Space version:
"Aliens made humans and
manipulate them"
Natural version:
“Labor created man and transformed the herd
into the cultural community of producers"
11

Under what influence does society change and develop?

Naturalistic approach:
C. Montesquieu,
L. Mechnikov
I. Kant,
“The development of society is determined
natural factors"
G. Hegel,
O. Comte
Idealistic approach:
“Ideas are primary in relation to others
aspects of human activity"
K. Marx,
V. Lenin
Materialistic approach:
“First of all, people should
satisfy your material
Majority
needs"
modern
Pluralistic approach:
scientists
“The development of society is based not
one, but many factors"
12

Types of societies

Availability
writing
Preliterate
Written
Number of levels
departments and
degree
social
bundles
Simple (no
managers and
subordinates,
rich and
poor)
Complex
Way
economic
activities
Okhotnikov and
gatherers
Vegetable gardening
Cattle breeders
Farmers
Industrial
Post-industrial
Formations,
different
way
production
and shape
property
Primitive
Slaveholding
Feudal
Capitalist
13

Name the main social
institutes.
What is the difference between simple
society from complexity?
List all 4 formations.
14

Socio-economic formation

SocialHow people produce
material goods
economic formation
Historical type of society based on a certain
production method.
SUPERSTRUCTURE
BASIS
a set of ideas and
society's views
corresponding to them
relations and organizations
totality
production
relations
15

Disadvantages of the formational approach

Absolutization
economic
factor in the life of society
Unilinear Understanding
historical process
Claim for absolute
correctness and versatility
+ civilizational approach!
16

What is a socio-economic formation?
What is a production method?
Church, philosophical teachings,
state, education system
Is this a base or a superstructure?
17

Civilization

"Civil"
Civilization
Stage in human development
following savagery and barbarism (L.
Morgan, F. Engels)
The stage of decline and degradation when
to replace the organic-vital
comes technical-mechanical
domination (O. Spengler)
Synonym of culture (A. Toynbee)
Integrity of material and
spiritual life of people in
certain space-time boundaries
18

Disadvantages of the civilizational approach

History is not seen as a single process
development of all humanity
Peoples and societies are studied in isolation
It is difficult to identify patterns in historical
process
19

What is civilization, according to O. Spengler?
The civilizational approach is aimed at:
A. Identifying commonalities in the development of different
peoples
B. Identifying what is special in the development of different
peoples
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) A and B are correct
4) both positions are incorrect
20

We need to combine both approaches!

Three-stage periodization (R. Aron,
D. Bell, O. Toffler, Z.
Brzezhinski, etc.)
1.
Traditional
(pre-industrial) society
2.
Industrial society
3.
Informational
(post-industrial) society
21

Traditional society

Economy
Dominance of subsistence farming
extensive production
Absolute monarchy, legal
insecurity, legitimized
non-economic dependence
Social Class division, absence
social mobility
sphere
Policy
Spiritual
sphere
Dominance of religion, low level
education, illiteracy
population
22

Industrial society

Economy
Policy
Developed industry
intensive production methods,
revolutions in engineering and technology
Expansion of rights and freedoms,
democracy, separation of powers
Social Class division, growth of social
mobility, formation
sphere
Spiritual
sphere
civil society, urbanization
Educational level growth
population, general culture, development
Sciences
23

Post-industrial society

Economy
The sphere of production is inferior to the sphere
services
Policy
Formation of the rule of law
and further development of democracy
Social Professional division, development
civil society
sphere
Spiritual
sphere
Priority is given to science and
education
24

1)
2)
3)
What social division
typical for:
traditional society
industrial society
post-industrial society
25

Which of these traits are
to traditional society?
1) development of resource-saving
technologies
2) the emergence of mass culture
3) low social mobility
4) the predominance of collectivist
views
5) strong civil society
26

Main features of Eastern and Western civilization

Eastern
civilization
Western
civilization
Dependence of ownership on
power, state dominance
property over private
Developed market, private property, entrepreneurship and
competition in the economy
Faith in a wise ruler, his
deification, underdevelopment
rights, lack of rights of subjects
Constitutional state,
democratic forms of government
Personal interests are subordinated
public, collective
The personality appears as the highest
value, initiative,
independence, individualism
Predominance of religion, main
human goal is moral
improvement
Predominance of science, main goal
person – gaining new knowledge
to improve comfort
27

Which civilization?
Russia belongs to
Eastern or Western?
28

Social process

This is a consistent series of successive
friend of events in which participants are
entire generations of people
Object: all
historical
reality
Subject: participants
historical process
Main subject:
all of humanity? (L.P. Karsavin)
workers? (K. Marx)
people? (V. Klyuchevsky)
prominent figures?
29

Directions of the social process

Regression - degradation, transition from
Hesiod, F. Nietzsche,
O.Spengler,
K.Popper
higher to lower
J. Condorcet, I. Kant,
G. Hegel, O. Comte,
K. Marx
Progress is a movement from the simple
to complex, from lower to
to the highest, from imperfect to
more perfect
30

Criteria for social progress

kriterio – measure for evaluation
Public
progress
development and improvement
productive forces
increase in the volume of scientific information,
turning science into direct
productive force of society
expansion of human freedom, his
opportunities for action
the state's ability to create
optimal living conditions for their
citizens
growth in living standards, degree of social
protection
31

Historical object
process is:
1) historical
reality
2) classes, social groups,
outstanding individuals
personalities
What is progress?
32

Forms of social change

Forms of public
gradual changes in society, not
Evolution
changes
leading to qualitatively new
social order
Revolutions
radical, abrupt changes in all or
most aspects of public life
Reform
transformation of any side
social life, which does not destroy the foundations
existing social system
Modernization
the process of updating, giving one or another
social structures of forms corresponding
modern requirements
33

Law of Social Development

This
systematically reproduced relationships in society as a whole or
in its individual parts
The law of history acceleration: for every
the next stage takes less
time than the previous one
The law of uneven development of different
peoples and nations
34

Globalization

This is a process of strengthening integration ties
between individual peoples and states
not always development-oriented
domestic production
promotes development
economy
provides more
tolerance
states warn
from extreme actions
people's needs are leveled
rules are dictated that are beneficial
developed countries
far from the best are being imposed
ideals and values ​​to the detriment
national cultures
35
emergence of global
problems

Convert any
aspects of social life,
not destroying the foundations
existing social
systems are...
What is the essence of the law of acceleration
stories?
What is globalization?
36

1)
2)
3)
4)
One of the manifestations
globalization in modern
world stands:
expansion of activities
transnational corporations
growth in industrial
production
increasing share of the middle class
in the population
development of national culture
37

Global problems

The problem of war and peace
Global problems
ecology,
threaten
everything
to humanity
wear
planetary
character
unevenness
development of countries, energy and
raw materials, international
terrorism, AIDS, crisis
spirituality...
can be resolved
only joint
everyone's efforts
peoples and
states
38

The influence of nature on the development of society

social division of labor,
location of industries
performance
capabilities
pace
labor
person
development of society
character
industrial relations
peculiarities
spiritual culture
mentality
socio-psychological appearance of the people
39

Environmental crises

natural
anthropogenic
environmental pollution
rapid depletion of natural, raw material and energy resources
excessively rapid population growth
40

Ways to overcome the environmental crisis

1. Further development and improvement
productive forces (non-waste
production, new artificial
materials...)
2.
Refusal of technical achievements, transition
for “clean” energy (sun, wind, water)
3.
Technological development and improvement
environmental education
41

In this connection, some problems of humanity are considered
global?
1)
due to the fact that these problems are of particular importance
2)
due to the fact that these problems have become global
character
3)
due to the fact that the main reason for their appearance is
globalization

“The concept of society, the sphere of society” - Exists longer than the life expectancy of one person. What is the global community? Consumption. A group of people united together. Social Sciences. Methods of cognition. Political. The science. Organizations and institutions that ensure people's well-being. Power. President, government. Healthcare, communications.

“Human Society” - Reasons for the emergence of a post-industrial economy: Information and knowledge become a production resource. Society is autonomous from the state, and a developed civil society has emerged. Autonomy, freedoms and individual rights are constitutionally enshrined as inalienable and innate. Man-society.

"Structure of Society" - Son. Classmate. Healthcare, communications. ! Child. Consumer. Social groups. Social sphere of society. Social status is the social position of a person in society. Socially vulnerable segments of the population (poor people). This type of stratification is typical for developed Western countries.

“Interaction in Society” - Subsystems. What is society? Think about how a person can relate to nature? Interaction between man and society. Society as a system. System of social sciences. Society and public relations. Society. Society and nature.

“Poverty” - Poverty indicators. In developed countries of the world, poverty is usually associated with unemployment. Different regions of Russia vary greatly in their levels of poverty. Poverty is considered one of the most pressing social problems of modern society. Poverty in Russia. Poverty. Directions and mechanisms for reducing poverty.

“Sociology as a science” - 50s. Social Social law. Methods. The founder of sociology is Auguste Comte. He built the new science on the model of the natural sciences. Middle-level theories of social institutions. Middle-level theories of social communities. Middle level theories. The structure of sociological knowledge. Middle-level theories of social processes.

There are 21 presentations in total

Society in the narrow sense:

• A circle of people united by common goals, interests, origin, standard of living (joint-stock company, society of book lovers, noble assembly, peasant community, high society);
• Region (Russian society, Primorye residents);
• By nationality (Russian people, Armenian diaspora);
• A separate specific society, country, state;
• Historical stage in the development of mankind

(feudal society, capitalist society);

• Humanity as a whole .

Society in the broad sense:

• A part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes ways of interaction between people and forms of their unification.
• Past, present and future of humanity.

An important condition for human life is

COLLECTIVITY!

• Society is a collective of groups (family, work team, classmates, sports team).
• A certain set of people who have common social characteristics, for example social group, profession, nationality, religious affiliation, is called community

The diverse connections between social groups, nations, as well as within them in the process of their economic, social, political, cultural and other activities are called SOCIAL RELATIONS!

Society- this is a certain way of existence of people, a part of the material world isolated from nature, which includes forms and methods of unification and interaction of people.

Society is always a collection of people

Society is a collection public relations , developing between people

Spiritual Relationships (arise and pass through people's consciousness)

Material relations (productive force of society)

SOCIETY

What is the separation of society from nature?

SEPARATE,- stand out from the general public, occupy a special, isolated position .

SOCIETY

Consciousness, will.

NATURE

element

What has this attitude led to today?

Subjective laws of development

Creates culture - a second nature

I.V. Michurin: “We cannot expect favors from nature; It’s our task to take them from her.”

NATURE

Has an impact on the development of countries and peoples

Affects the natural human environment

«+» or " -»

SOCIETY

When we talk about the isolation of society from nature, we mean its qualitative specificity, but not its isolation from nature and the processes of its natural development.

• Spiritual culture – knowledge, language, symbols, values, rules and norms of behavior

• Material culture – buildings, vehicles, household items, instruments, equipment, etc.

Society is a complex dynamic system that consists of several subsystems (spheres) public life

● traditional (pre-industrial, agricultural)

● industrial

● post-industrial

(informational)

Comparison features

Traditional

Time of origin

Industrial

10 thousand years

as a result of the agricultural revolution

Main factor of production

Main product of production

Post-industrial

industrial Revolution

(main wealth)

Main features of production

70-80 XX century

industrial products

manual labor

(plough, plow)

application of technology

automation of production, computerization of society

Nature of work

individual labor

Employment

population

standard

activity

basis - agricultural

Main view

export

Social

structure

creative

beginning in labor

the basis -

industry (85%)

Continue

vitality of life

estates,

isolation

social structures

products

production

the basis -

information

(70% - services)

mobility and openness of social structures

differentiation depending on

level of education and qualifications

over 70 years

Human impact on

nature

local,

uncontrollable

Interact-

conflict with other countries

global,

uncontrollable

manageable

insignificant

new, closed

Political

life

global,

controlled

monarchy, power above the law, lack of political freedoms

Spiritual life

openness

society

Parliament-

tarism, multi-party system, proclamation of political freedoms

few educated people, religious values

civil

society, political pluralism

faith in science, mass culture, training of specialists

special role of science, education

Social science – this is a school academic discipline, which is understood as a certain synthesis of basic knowledge of social sciences .

Political science

Sociology

Aesthetics

Sciences that study society and man in it

Ethnology

Ethics

Economics (economic theory)

Jurisprudence (legislation)

Cultural studies

Archeology- a science that studies the past from material sources.

Economy– the science of the economic activities of society.

Story- the science of the past of humanity.

Cultural studies- a science that studies the culture of society.

Linguistics- the science of language.

Political science- the science of politics, society, the relationship between people, society and the state.

Psychology– the science of the development and functioning of the human psyche.

Sociology- the science of the laws of formation and development of social systems, groups, individuals.

Right – a set of laws and rules of behavior in society.

Ethnography- a science that studies the life and culture of peoples and nations.

Philosophy- the science of the universal laws of social development.

Ethics- the science of morality.

Aesthetics - the science of beauty.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

2 slide

Slide description:

Sources! Is there good in parchments? The sources are not on the pages of books, He who thirsts for knowledge will be drunk with moisture, When a spring flows directly from the heart. Goethe. "Faust" Trans. B. Pasternak

3 slide

Slide description:

Society is: In a broad sense, a form of association of people with common interests, values ​​and goals. In a narrow sense - a certain stage of human history. Society is a part of the world separated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes ways of interaction between people and forms of their unification. Society is a supra-individual association of people, which is characterized by social differentiation and division of labor. Society can be characterized by many characteristics: for example, by nationality: French, Russian, German; by territorial and temporary; by production method, etc.

4 slide

Slide description:

E. Shils identifies the following criteria for a society: 1. It is not part of a larger system; 2. Marriages are concluded between representatives of this association; 3. It is replenished primarily by the children of those people who are already its recognized representatives; 4. The association has a territory that it considers its own; 5. The society has its own name and its own history; 6. It has its own control system; 7. The association exists longer than the average life expectancy of an individual; 8. It is united by a common system of values ​​(customs, traditions, norms, laws, rules), which is called culture.

5 slide

Slide description:

Signs of society that characterize SOCIETY as a social system: Hierarchy Self-regulation Openness Informational Self-determination (determinability) Self-organization

6 slide

Slide description:

Society as an object of study In anthropology: There are societies of hunters and gatherers, nomadic pastoral, simple and complex agricultural (the first type is characterized by crop production, the second - full-fledged intensive agriculture), as well as industrial and post-industrial societies (the last two are often considered as qualitatively different compared to the previous ones). In political science: In order of increasing size and organizational complexity, forms such as clan, tribe, chiefdom and state are distinguished. The strength of political power in these structures varies depending on the cultural, geographic and historical setting.

Slide 7

Slide description:

Closed and open society Closed society is a type of society characterized by a static social structure, limited mobility, inability to innovate, traditionalism, dogmatic authoritarian ideology (there is a system when the majority of members of society willingly accept the values ​​​​that are intended for them). An open society is a type of society characterized by a dynamic social structure, high mobility, the ability to innovate, criticism, individualism and a democratic pluralistic ideology (here a person is given the opportunity to choose his own ideological and moral values).

8 slide

Slide description:

The social structure of society is its structure, the totality of social communities and groups, and the relationships between them. Social group is a collection of people who have some socially significant characteristic (gender, age, ethnicity, profession, place of residence, etc.)

Slide 9

Slide description:

Criteria for identifying social groups Criterion Examples of social groups Sex and age (demographic) Men, women, youth, etc. Professional Doctors, teachers, builders. Ethnosocial Russians, Belarusians, Germans, etc. Territorial (settler) City dwellers, villagers, etc. Religious (confessional) Christians, Muslims, etc.

10 slide

Slide description:

The list below shows the similarities between large and small social groups and the differences between a large and small social group. Select and write down the serial numbers of the similarity traits in the first column of the table, and the serial numbers of the differences in the second column. 1) Mandatory personal contacts between group members 2) The presence of similar social characteristics in people 3) The presence of social norms regulating the activities of the group 4) The number of group members Similarities Traits Differences

11 slide

Slide description:

Society as the joint life activity of people Society is a synthesis of such spheres of human activity as economic, political, spiritual and social. Activity is a process (processes) of active interaction between a subject and an object, during which the subject satisfies any of its needs, and if the subject is a government body, then fulfills its duties and functions. Human activity: - is practical and transformative in nature; - expedient and has - goal-setting; - characterized by historically established programs; - often collective; - in the course of activity, social relations arise.

12 slide

Slide description:

Society and culture Culture is a clear indicator of the spiritual and practical development of any human society. Basically, culture is understood as human activity in its most diverse manifestations, including all forms and methods of human self-expression and self-knowledge, the accumulation of skills and abilities by man and society as a whole. Culture is divided into: - material (buildings, household items, devices); - spiritual (language, knowledge, rules of behavior)! Cultural universals are typical aspects of life that are manifested in all known societies.