Formula: Mg(OH)2, chemical name: magnesium hydroxide.
Pharmacological group: organotropic drugs / gastrointestinal drugs / laxatives; organotropic drugs/gastrointestinal drugs/antacids.
Pharmachologic effect: laxative, antacid.

Pharmacological properties

Magnesium hydroxide neutralizes free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice to form magnesium chloride. Next, magnesium chloride passes into the intestine, where, acting as a saline laxative, it has a laxative effect (poorly absorbed, increases osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen, promotes the transition of fluid along the concentration gradient, increases the volume of intestinal contents, which stretches the intestinal walls and stimulates its peristalsis). Magnesium ions are excreted in the form of water-soluble salts (bicarbonate and chloride) and poorly soluble hydroxide with the intestinal contents. Magnesium hydroxide binds bile acids and inactivates pepsin, which enter the stomach as a result of reflux from the duodenum, thereby having a protective effect on the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach, including peptic ulcers. In the stomach, magnesium hydroxide is not immediately consumed and can neutralize hydrochloric acid, which is released some time after consuming the drug. Thus, magnesium hydroxide is characterized by a rapid and long-lasting antacid effect, not accompanied by changes in the acid-base state and secondary hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid. Magnesium hydroxide increases peristalsis in all parts of the intestine. The laxative effect of magnesium hydroxide occurs after 0.5–6 hours. When using magnesium hydroxide in patients with impaired renal function, a small amount of magnesium may enter the blood and develop toxic reactions, which are manifested by depression of the central nervous system.

Indications

Chronic gastritis with increased and normal secretion (with exacerbation); peptic ulcer; pain or discomfort in the epigastrium; heartburn after drinking coffee, dietary errors, smoking, alcohol; constipation

Method of application of magnesium hydroxide and dose

Magnesium hydroxide is taken orally. The suspension must be taken with a small amount of liquid; the tablets must be chewed. For a long-lasting antacid effect (up to 4 hours), it is recommended to take the drug 1 hour or 3 hours after meals, since when taking magnesium sulfate on an empty stomach, the effect lasts 30 minutes. Adults and children over 12 years of age (as an antacid) - 4 times a day, 0.3–1.2 g, children 3–6 years old - 3–4 times a day, 400 mg, children over 6 years old - 3– 4 times a day, 300–600 mg. For a laxative effect, take 0.8–1.8 g for adults and children over 12 years of age before bedtime.
In patients with impaired renal function, the use of magnesium hydroxide can lead to the development of hypermagnesemia. Magnesium hydroxide is usually used in combination with aluminum-containing antacids to reduce gastrointestinal side effects and increase duration of action.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity, age up to 3 years (for use of tablets, age up to 6 years).

Restrictions on use

No data.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

No data. Use magnesium hydroxide during pregnancy or breastfeeding only if prescribed by your doctor.

Side effects of magnesium hydroxide

Allergic reactions, depression of the central nervous system (if for some reason magnesium is absorbed into the blood).

Interaction of magnesium hydroxide with other substances

Calcium salts reduce or even stop the laxative effect of magnesium hydroxide. Magnesium hydroxide can interfere with the absorption of iron salts, tetracycline antibiotics, anticholinesterase drugs, digoxin, glucocorticoids, and theophylline.

Structural formula

Russian name

Latin name of the substance Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesii hydroxydum ( genus. Magnesii hydroxydi)

Gross formula

Mg-H2O2

Pharmacological group of the substance Magnesium hydroxide

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS Code

1309-42-8

Characteristics of the substance Magnesium hydroxide

Formed when magnesium oxide comes into contact with water. Magnesium oxide is a light, fine, white powder. Practically insoluble in water, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid.

Pharmacology

pharmachologic effect- laxative, antacid.

Neutralizes free hydrochloric acid of gastric juice with the formation of magnesium chloride. Passing into the intestines, magnesium chloride has a laxative effect, acting like a saline laxative (poorly absorbed, increases osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen, promotes fluid flow along a concentration gradient, increases the volume of intestinal contents, stretching its walls and stimulating peristalsis). Magnesium ions are excreted with the intestinal contents in the form of poorly soluble hydroxide and water-soluble salts - chloride and bicarbonate. Inactivates pepsin and binds bile acids that enter the stomach as a result of reflux from the duodenum, has a protective effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, incl. for gastric ulcers. It is not consumed immediately in the stomach and can neutralize hydrochloric acid secreted some time after taking the drug, thus it is characterized by a rapid and long-lasting antacid effect, which is not accompanied by secondary hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid and changes in acid base. Helps increase peristalsis in all parts of the intestine. The laxative effect occurs after 0.5-6 hours. When used in patients with impaired renal function, a small amount of magnesium may be absorbed into the blood and the development of toxic reactions manifested by depression of the central nervous system.

Application of the substance Magnesium hydroxide

Chronic gastritis with normal and increased secretion (in the acute phase), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, discomfort or pain in the epigastrium, heartburn after errors in diet, drinking coffee, alcohol, smoking, constipation.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, children's age (up to 3 years, for tablets - up to 6 years).

Side effects of the substance Magnesium hydroxide

Central nervous system depression (if for some reason there was absorption of magnesium), allergic reactions.

Magnesium hydroxide (formula Mg(OH)2) is a chemical inorganic compound, magnesium (alkaline earth metal) hydroxide. Belongs to the group of insoluble bases.

Physical properties of magnesium hydroxide

1. Under normal conditions, magnesium hydroxide is colorless (transparent) crystals with a hexagonal lattice.
2. Decomposes into magnesium oxide (MgO) and water (H2O) at a temperature of three hundred and fifty degrees.
3. Absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air, forming the main
4. Practically insoluble in water and highly soluble in
5. This is a base of medium strength.
6. It occurs in nature in the form of a special mineral - brucite.

How is magnesium hydroxide prepared?

1. This substance can be obtained by reacting magnesium salts with various alkalis, for example:

MgCl2 + 2NaOH = Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide) + 2NaCl (sodium chloride)

Mg(NO3)2 (magnesium nitrate) + 2KOH (potassium base) = Mg(OH)2 (magnesium base, precipitates) + 2KNO3 (potassium nitrate)

2. This chemical compound can also be obtained by reacting a solution of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) with calcined dolomite (CaO*MgO):

MgCl2 (magnesium chloride) + CaO*MgO (calcined dolomite) + 2H2O (water) = 2Mg(OH)2 (magnesium base, precipitates) + CaCl2 (calcium chloride)

3. Magnesium base can also be obtained by reacting water vapor with metallic magnesium:

Mg (magnesium metal) + 2H2O (water vapor) = Mg(OH)2 (precipitates) + H2 (hydrogen, in the form of gas)

Chemical properties of magnesium hydroxide:

1. This substance decomposes at a temperature of 350 degrees into magnesium oxide and water. This is what the reaction looks like:

Mg(OH)2 (magnesium base) = MgO (magnesium oxide) + 2H2O (water)

2. Interacts with acids. This produces salt and water. Examples:

Mg(OH)2 (base) + 2HCl = MgCl2 (magnesium chloride) + 2H2O (water)

Mg(OH)2 (base) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) + 2H2O (water)

3. Interacts with acid oxides. The reaction produces salt and water:

Mg(OH)2 (base) + SO3 (sulfur oxide) = MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) + H2O (water)

4. Magnesium hydroxide also reacts with concentrated hot solutions of alkalis. In this case, hydroxomagnesates are formed. Examples:

Mg(OH)2 + 2NaOH (sodium base) = Na2(Mg(OH)4)

Mg(OH)2 + S(OH)2 (sulfur base) = Sr(Mg(OH)4)

Application:

As a food additive designed to bind sulfur dioxide (SO2). Registered under the sign E528;
- as a foculant for wastewater treatment;
- as an additive to various detergents and as a component in toothpastes;
- for sugar refining and for magnesium (MgO);

The use of this chemical in the medical industry deserves special attention.

Magnesium hydroxide in medicine

This is a laxative and antacid that can neutralize hydrochloric (hydrochloric, HCl) acid in the stomach and reduce the activity of gastric juice. In this case, the effect of magnesium hydroxide is not accompanied by changes in acid-rich hormone and secondary hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid. This substance also helps increase peristalsis in other parts of the intestine. The laxative effect occurs after about 2-6 hours.

Indications for use: chronic gastritis with increased and normal secretion, duodenal and stomach ulcers, discomfort or pain in the epigastrium, heartburn after smoking or drinking coffee or alcohol, constipation.

Contraindications for use: hypersensitivity to magnesium hydroxide.

It is worth noting that patients with kidney problems may develop hypermagnesemia (that is, excess magnesium in the body) after using magnesium base.

Magnesium hydroxide algeldrat is also used in medicine - a remedy that is used for stomach ulcers, acute duodenitis, hyperacid gastritis, gastralgia, chronic pancreatitis, heartburn, hyperphosphatemia, putrefactive or fermentative dipepsia. This drug will be contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity, Alzheimer's disease, pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Magnesium hydroxide under standard conditions appears as colorless crystals. The main purpose as a food additive under the number E528 is to regulate acidity, as well as stabilize the shades of products. The compound has a characteristic alkaline taste.

One of the properties of this substance is the ability to absorb carbon dioxide from water, and the formation of basic magnesium carbonate occurs. The next property is a low degree of solubility in water, but quite high in ammonium salts, as well as the ability to decompose when heated.

In general, the connection is a medium strength foundation. Under natural conditions, it can be found as the mineral brucite.

In industrial conditions, magnesium hydroxide is obtained by reacting various alkalis and magnesium salts. In addition, this chemical compound can be formed as a result of the reaction of calcined dolomite and a solution of magnesium chloride, or the interaction of metallic magnesium and water vapor.

Scope of application

Due to its special properties, magnesium hydroxide is used in food production:

• canned vegetables – pickled and salted vegetables, canned vegetable snacks, marinades, sauces, natural canned vegetables;
• cocoa products.

Food additive E528 is used to bind sulfur dioxide.

Sulfur hydroxide has also found application as a flocculant during wastewater treatment, as an additive in a variety of detergents, deodorants, antiperspirants, and toothpaste. It is also used for the production of magnesium oxide and sugar refining, as a fire retardant in PVC and polyolefins.

Application in medicine

In medicine, magnesium hydroxide is used as a medicine to neutralize stomach acid, and also as a strong laxative.

The pharmacological action of the compound is a laxative and antacid. Able to neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach, reduces the peptic activity of gastric juice. The effect of the substance does not cause secondary hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid or changes in acid-base balance. The laxative effect of the compound occurs after 0.5-6 hours. In addition, the drug leads to increased peristalsis in all parts of the intestine.

Side effects may include: a constant feeling of discomfort, dizziness, arrhythmia, mood changes, loss of appetite, unusual fatigue, muscle weakness, bleeding from the rectum, weight loss. If at least one of the above symptoms occurs, you should consult a doctor. Increased thirst, nausea, whitish or spotted stools, diarrhea, and stomach cramps are also possible.

Indications for use of the compound are:

• heartburn after consuming coffee, nicotine, alcoholic beverages;
• constipation;
• chest pain;
• exacerbation of gastritis in a chronic form with high and normal acidity;
• exacerbation of duodenal and gastric ulcers.

The drug is contraindicated in Alzheimer's disease, during breastfeeding, pregnancy, and hypersensitivity to hydroxide.

Harm of magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide as a food additive is prohibited in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. This connection is considered safe and harmless. But excessive consumption of hydroxide provokes diarrhea and indigestion, since the substance absorbs fluid in the intestines, thereby enhancing its motility.

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MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE

MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE: instructions for use and reviews

Active ingredient of the drug MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE

magnesium hydroxide

Indications

Chronic gastritis with normal and increased secretory function in the acute phase - peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase - discomfort or pain in the epigastrium, heartburn after errors in diet, drinking coffee, alcohol, smoking - constipation.

pharmachologic effect

Antacid and laxative. Neutralizes free hydrochloric (hydrochloric) acid in the stomach, reduces the peptic activity of gastric juice. The effect of magnesium hydroxide is not accompanied by secondary hypersecretion of hydrochloric (hydrochloric) acid and changes in the acid-rich hormone. The laxative effect occurs after 0.5-6 hours. Magnesium hydroxide helps to increase peristalsis in all parts of the intestine.

Dosage

As an antacid: adults and children over 12 years of age are prescribed 0.3-1.2 g 4 times a day. A single dose for children from 3 to 12 years is 400 mg; the frequency of administration is 3-4 times a day.

Take as a laxative before bedtime. In adults and children over 12 years of age, the dose is increased daily until the desired effect is obtained, on average the effective dose is 0.8-1.8 g.

Drug interactions

When used simultaneously with the absorption of dicumarol when used simultaneously with magnesium hydroxide.

With the simultaneous use of a combination of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide with diflunisal, its bioavailability decreases.

When used simultaneously with iron salts, iron absorption may be reduced.

With simultaneous use, the initial absorption of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen increases.

With simultaneous use, a decrease in the concentration of indomethacin in the blood plasma is possible. The irritating effect of indomethacin on the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.

When used simultaneously with captopril, a decrease in the AUC of captopril is possible.

With the simultaneous use of a combination of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide with carbenoxolone, a decrease in its effectiveness is possible; with lansoprazole, a moderate decrease in its bioavailability is possible; with penicillamine, the absorption of penicillamine from the gastrointestinal tract is reduced; with sulpiride; a decrease in the absorption of sulpiride is possible; with prednisone and, apparently, with prednisolone - it is possible to reduce the absorption of GCS - with pyrazinamide - it is possible to slow down the rate, but not the degree of absorption of pyrazinamide - with quinidine - it is possible to increase its toxicity due to a significant increase in urine pH and a decrease in the excretion of quinidine - with cimetidine or ranitidine - it is possible to reduce the absorption of cimetidine and ranitidine.

With the simultaneous use of magnesium hydroxide with mefenamic acid, the absorption of mefenamic acid increases - with nitrofurantoin - a decrease in the absorption of nitrofurantoin is possible - with phenytoin - a slight decrease in the absorption of phenytoin is possible - with chlorpromazine - a decrease in the absorption of chlorpromazine is possible - with chlorpropamide - an increase in the absorption of chlorpropamide is possible.

Contraindications

Hypermagnesemia, hypersensitivity to magnesium hydroxide.

special instructions

For the drug MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE:

In patients with impaired renal function, hypermagnesemia may develop when using magnesium hydroxide.

It is usually used in combination with aluminum-containing antacids to reduce side effects from the gastrointestinal tract and increase the duration of action.