State programs in the Russian Federation. Evaluating the effectiveness of government programs

After the end of the next year, the responsible executive, together with co-executors and participants, prepares an annual report on the progress of implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of the GP (annual report) before March 1 of the year following the reporting one. Participants provide information for this report to co-executors, they, in turn, transmit the information to the responsible executor by February 20. The preparation of the annual report is carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines developed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Previously, annual reports were published on the websites of responsible executors; now all approvals and publications of final reports take place on the website of government programs.

According to the changes that were made to the procedure for developing, implementing and assessing the effectiveness of the RF GP, the annual report must contain:

  • 1. Specific results achieved during the reporting period;
  • 2. List of control events completed and not completed (indicating the reasons) within the established time frame according to the implementation plan;
  • 3. List of activities completed and not completed (with reasons) within the established time frame;
  • 4. Analysis of factors that influenced the progress of the implementation of the State Program;
  • 5. Data on the use of funding;
  • 6. Information about changes made by the responsible executor to the GP;
  • 7. Assessing the effectiveness of the state enterprise;
  • 8. Proposals to make various changes to the GP;
  • 9. Other information.

The annual report is sent to the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for consideration; within 20 days from the date of receipt of the report from the responsible executor, the ministries send their conclusions to the Government of the Russian Federation.

The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation compiles a consolidated annual report on the progress of implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of state programs based on reports submitted by the responsible implementers of state programs, and sends it to the Government of the Russian Federation.

Based on the results of assessing the effectiveness of the state program, the Government of the Russian Federation may decide to reduce budget allocations for its implementation for the next financial year and the planning period. Also, the Government of the Russian Federation may decide to early terminate the implementation of certain activities within the framework of the program or to terminate the implementation of the program altogether. However, not a single regulatory legal act stipulates in what case a decision is made to terminate the implementation of programs or activities.

In addition, the Government of the Russian Federation may decide to impose (submit proposals to the President of the Russian Federation to impose) disciplinary sanctions on the heads of responsible executors, co-executors and participants in the state program in connection with the failure to achieve the planned results of the implementation of the State Program.

The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation sends a quarterly report to the Government of the Russian Federation on the implementation of milestones of state programs specified in their implementation plans. These reports are a tool for monitoring the implementation of the SIP.

As was stated earlier, in the annual report on the progress of the implementation of the State Program, responsible executors must evaluate the effectiveness of the State Program. The Budget Code of the Russian Federation outlines the principle of efficient use of budget funds, which means “achieving specified results using the least amount of funds (economy) and (or) achieving the best result using a certain amount of funds determined by the budget (effectiveness).” Based on this principle, in 2013 the Ministry of Economic Development revised the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of government programs.

Until 2014, Russia did not have a unified methodology for assessing the effectiveness of SOEs. In 2013, new Guidelines for the development and implementation of state programs of the Russian Federation were adopted, which came into force on April 15, 2014. Previously, each ministry could develop its own methodology for assessing the effectiveness of SOEs, which made it impossible to compare the results of different programs. In addition, there were no criteria for making decisions about the further implementation of programs.

Today, state programs are assessed using a unified methodology. Bottom-up assessment involves the following approach: first, the degree of implementation of activities is assessed, then subprograms and the program as a whole. With a unified methodology, it becomes possible to compare programs with each other based on the results of the assessment.

Let us consider the methodology for assessing efficiency, adopted today in Russia, in more detail. Evaluation of the effectiveness of program implementation is assessed in terms of achievement of planned indicators and the degree of compliance with the planned level of costs.

The effectiveness of the implementation of the state program is assessed using the following formula:

ERgp = 0.5* SRgp + 0.5*?jERp/p*kj / j,

SRgp - the degree of implementation of the state program;

ERp/p - efficiency of implementation of the subprogram (FTP);

kj - coefficient of significance of the subprogram (FTP) for achieving the goals of the state program;

j - number of subroutines.

In this case, the degree of implementation of the state program is calculated as the sum of the degrees of achievement of target indicators/indicators of the State Program:

SRgp = ?SDgppz / M,

SDgppz - the degree of achievement of the planned value of the indicator (indicator) characterizing the goals and objectives of the state program;

M is the number of indicators (indicators) characterizing the goals and objectives of the subprogram.

That is, in state programs there are indicators that relate only to the goals of the state program, and there are those that relate to the goals of subprograms.

The effectiveness of the implementation of the subprogram is calculated as the ratio of the degree of implementation of the subprogram and the efficiency of using federal budget funds:

ERp/p = SRp/p*Eis,

SRP/p - degree of implementation of the subprogram (FTP);

Eis is the efficiency of using federal budget funds.

The efficiency of using federal budget funds is calculated as the ratio of the planned and actual level of costs.

Table 2. Effectiveness of government programs

Evaluation of government programs is not carried out in Russia, that is, at the legislative level there are no requirements that departments must evaluate programs.

In Russia, the transition to a program budget has just begun. The Government, the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Finance are making changes to regulations governing budget issues, the development and implementation of state programs. To date, significant steps have already been taken to develop program management in Russia (requirements for the development and implementation of programs have been approved, amendments have been made to the Budget Code, etc.). The main characteristics of program management in Russia are the presentation of clear requirements for the main components of the state program, the connection of the main activities and indicators of the final goals of the program, as well as the establishment of personal responsibility of the managers of the responsible executors for achieving the goals of state programs.

Russia has built a clear system for monitoring state programs. However, assessing the effectiveness of state programs is not a tool that really helps make management decisions regarding the implementation of programs. At the moment, it is not clear how changes are made to state programs, how performance evaluation affects the program, whether it is used at all, in what cases and on what grounds a decision is made to reduce funding or terminate the program.

In order to understand what the situation is in the field of government program management in foreign countries, it is necessary to analyze their experience, which will be done in the next chapter.

Student's name

Job title

Supervisor

Faculty

Program

Year of protection

Today in Russia, saving budget funds for the implementation of government programs is an urgent problem. Evaluation of government programs is one way to solve this problem. Evaluation of state programs is a tool that allows you to get a picture of the progress of programs and helps to obtain information for making decisions regarding the further implementation of programs. When implementing any project or program, it is advisable to take into account the experience already gained. This opens up opportunities to avoid common mistakes and, at the same time, integrate the most successful approaches that have proven their effectiveness in practice into management processes. Despite the fact that our country has already officially adopted a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of government programs, analysis of best practices can improve the efficiency of government program management. The work analyzed the experience of managing and evaluating government programs of such leading foreign countries as the USA, Canada and Australia. Today, not a single country has a unified approach and a unified methodology for evaluating government programs. The common approach in all these countries is the use of logic models. The author proposes the use of logic models in the development and evaluation of government programs. The work builds a logical model of the state program “Information Society”, describes the types of assessment that can be used in the author’s approach

Final qualifying works (GQT) at the National Research University Higher School of Economics are completed by all students in accordance with the university and Rules defined by each educational program.

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  • Zagidullina Leysan Ildarovna, graduate student
  • Kutliarova Ramilya Filaritovna, Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor
  • Bashkir State Agrarian University
  • EFFICIENCY
  • PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
  • TARGET INDICATORS
  • REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL LEVEL

The article discusses the assessment of the effectiveness of government programs.

  • Current problems in the development of state and national policies
  • State and national policy and current problems of its development
  • Political security of Russia in the national security system

Currently, there is a lot of talk about the focus of public administration on achieving specific goals (results) regardless of a particular structure of government bodies and the distribution of functions. Of course, such a task predetermines an increase in the role and place of program-targeted management methods. It is important to understand that the instrument for achieving the stated goal are state target programs that allow, within the framework of the program-target method, to concentrate efforts for a comprehensive and systematic solution to medium-term and long-term problems of the economic and social policy of the region, to ensure transparency and validity of the process of choosing goals that need to be achieved in different time periods, ways to optimize results using, if necessary, various forms of support at the federal level.

It is no secret that all innovations applied by the Government of the Russian Federation in matters of public finance management are eventually translated to the regional and then municipal levels, regardless of whether the Russian Government recommends these innovations be extended to all levels of the budget system or not. State programs are just such an example, when the Federation decided to go to the program budget through state programs only for itself, and many regions independently decided to introduce a similar result-oriented management tool into their practice.

The procedure for the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of state programs of the Russian Federation was approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on August 2, 2010 (Resolution No. 588), Guidelines for the development and implementation of these programs - by order of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated December 22, 2010 No. 670. For the past two Over the past year, procedures for working with state programs have been approved in at least 35 regions, and experience in drawing up and approving at least one state program is already available in 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Municipalities for the most part are still looking at what will come of this, but are gradually preparing to develop municipal programs similar to state programs.

  • the degree to which goals are achieved and tasks of subprograms and the state program as a whole are achieved;
  • the degree of compliance with the planned level of costs and the efficiency of using federal budget funds;
  • the degree of implementation of departmental target programs and main activities (achievement of the expected immediate results of their implementation).

The degree of achievement of goals and solution of problems is assessed using target indicators (indicators), for which threshold values ​​can be set. Exceeding (not achieving) such threshold values ​​indicates the effective (ineffective) implementation of the state program. To put it simply, according to the Methodological Recommendations, in order to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation, you need to evaluate:

  • the extent to which the results of the program as a whole have been achieved;
  • did you overspend (or save) by a lot?
  • whether all expenses are effective (probably the most difficult component to assess);
  • whether all the main activities have been completed (departmental target programs are equal to the main activities).

Basically, the regions followed the same path. By analogy with the federal order, which requires the state program of the Russian Federation to have a methodology for assessing its effectiveness, regional authorities have established the same norm in their regulatory legal acts, but with some features. How do these features manifest themselves?

Degree of achievement of results

However, let's see to what extent such approaches allow us to truly assess the effectiveness of government programs. Moreover, all regions require performance assessments to be carried out annually. Let's look at the components of the assessment. The first component is the result, the degree of its achievement. Arhangelsk region. State program “Culture of the Russian North (2013–2015)”. Year-by-year performance indicators are defined for most activities, but for some only the result expected to be achieved in 2015, the last year of program implementation, is given. State program “Health Development of the Arkhangelsk Region for 2013–2015”: for some of the activities, the results that need to be achieved by the end of implementation in 2015 are defined, for some of the activities there are intermediate results by year, and some results are formulated in such a way that the degree of their achievement is possible evaluate only by expert means. For example, reducing the volume of specialized medical care for residents of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug due to the development of preventive work. And in the state program “Development of Education and Science in the Arkhangelsk Region for 2013–2016”, outcome indicators for all activities are determined for each year of program implementation.

In the state program of the Kirov region “State Property Management” for 2013–2015, the results of the implementation of measures are not defined, and in the state program of the same region “Development and increase of competitiveness of the industrial complex” the values ​​of indicators are approved for all activities except one, which is not included in regional target programs declared as the main activities of the state program.

In the state program of the Lipetsk region “Environmental protection, reproduction and rational use of natural resources of the Lipetsk region”, the values ​​of indicators (indicators) are defined in the context of the goals and objectives of the program, that is, without reference to activities.

In the city of Moscow, all state programs have approved the values ​​of indicators (indicators) by year both for the program itself and for all subprograms and main activities.

That is, the degree of achievement of the result in order to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the state program can be assessed in all subjects of the Russian Federation at the level of the state program, and at the level of subprograms and main activities, not in all subjects of the Russian Federation and in relation to not all programs.

Complete use of budget allocations

The second component is the complete use of budget allocations allocated for the implementation of the state program. There is significant diversity here too. Thus, in the above-mentioned state program of the Lipetsk region “Environmental protection, reproduction and rational use of natural resources of the Lipetsk region”, the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the program says that “the effectiveness of the program is assessed as the degree to which the planned results are achieved, subject to a reasonable amount of funding.” But in the formula for calculating the efficiency assessment, the complete use of budget allocations is not taken into account.

In the Primorsky Territory, the ratio of actual expenses to planned ones is taken into account in the denominator in the formula for calculating the effectiveness of achieving each indicator. With an increase in actual expenses, this leads to an automatic decrease in the assessment of effectiveness for each indicator and a decrease in the assessment of the effectiveness of the state program as a whole.

In the Arkhangelsk region, the level of actual funding is assessed separately by regional budget expenditures and other sources of funding, and these positions are only two of eight indicators by which the effectiveness of state programs is assessed.

Thus, the complete use of budget allocations for the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of state programs is not used by all subjects of the Russian Federation, and the methods of its application may differ significantly in different regions of the country.

Efficiency of spending funds for the implementation of government programs

The third component is the efficiency of spending funds on the implementation of government programs. Here the regions are almost unanimous: some simply ignore this component in the methods for assessing the effectiveness of programs, others mention it, but something like this: if actual costs are less than planned, then this “indicates a high degree of compliance of actual costs with their planned level and efficiency of using budget funds."

Execution of planned activities

The fourth component is the implementation of planned activities. In this part, we must give credit to the regions; the discrepancy with federal approaches is the most significant. Moreover, if at the federal level we are talking about events included in the state program implementation plan for the next financial year, then most regions do not take this component into account at all in the assessment, and those who do, by events mean the main activities of subprograms.

Thus, the situation with assessing the effectiveness of regional state programs is as follows. The results-based management tool is relatively new. Each level should ideally have its own indicators of achieving results (or, if anyone wants, indicators). And in a properly structured system of goals, objectives and indicators of a state program, we will not encounter a situation where the same indicator (indicator) is used to assess the achievement of results, say, of the program itself and one of its subprograms. There is a hierarchy in the system of indicators (indicators), but the value of the top-level indicator is not equal to the sum of the values ​​of the lower-level indicators, since they characterize processes that are different in nature. And in this regard, achieving (not achieving) the planned value of the state program indicator does not mean that the planned results of the subprograms have been achieved (not achieved). Just like achieving the planned values ​​of the subprogram indicators does not mean that all the main activities have been completed in full.

But the assessment of the completeness of the use of budget allocations and the efficiency of spending funds, as well as the assessment of the completeness and timing of the implementation of activities as a whole for the state program, logically consist of similar assessments at the level of subprograms, and those of the assessments of the main activities. That is why those methods that take into account the completeness of the implementation of measures allow more reasonable conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of the state program. Or, to be more precise, about the effectiveness of its implementation. It is possible to invite the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the state program according to the “bottom-up” principle.

Taking into account the short period of work with government programs, the novelty and methodological unsolved problem of assessing the effectiveness of budget expenditures for their implementation at the first stage, it is quite acceptable to limit ourselves to assessing the completeness of the use of budget allocations, but only at the lowest level of the pyramid - at the level of the target item or at the level of types of expenditures , but within the framework of one main event. What will be the benefit of using this approach? Instead of “the hospital average,” we will measure the temperature “in each room.” And if, suppose, out of five subprograms, the implementation of two is recognized as ineffective (with an efficiency lower than planned, with low efficiency, etc.), then even if the planned values ​​of the indicators of the state program as a whole are fully achieved, its implementation will not be considered effective. And there will be an incentive to improve planning, increase cost efficiency, review the composition and content of main activities, reassess the importance of subprograms for achieving program goals, etc.

The main thing for today is to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of government programs based on the first results using those methods that have been approved, try to evaluate their correctness, modify them if necessary, but do not discard the very idea of ​​​​evaluating effectiveness.

Bibliography

  1. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993.
  2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 2, 2010 N 588 "On approval of the Procedure for the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of state programs of the Russian Federation"
  3. Atamanchuk G.V. Theory of public administration. – M.: Omega-L, 2014. P.534.
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  8. DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL SUPPORT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY ON AN INNOVATION BASIS Khannanov R.A., Khannanova T.R. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2010. No. 2 (68). pp. 79-82.
  9. AGRARIAN LAW: PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT Khannanov R.A. Law and politics. 2008. No. 4. P. 933-940.
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The article is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of government programs at the present stage. It is considered that the main task of obtaining data on the effectiveness of program implementation in the system of program-targeted budget expenditure management is to obtain information on the expenditure of budget funds in terms of legality, feasibility, targeted nature and effectiveness of expenditures.

Key words: federal budget, state program, financing, targets, efficiency

One of the goals of the authorities is to determine the priorities for the development of the state, taking into account all the factors affecting society. In 2015, the federal budget was formed on the basis of a program-target approach, while the financing of state programs, which, in turn, include federal target programs, accounts for 57.8% of federal budget expenditures. State programs of the Russian Federation (state programs) are a set of measures and instruments of state policy, interconnected in terms of tasks, implementation deadlines and resources, ensuring the achievement of priorities and goals of state policy in the field of socio-economic development and security.

The state program is a document that defines the goals, objectives, results, main directions and instruments of state policy aimed at achieving the goals and implementing the priorities established by the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. The state program includes federal target programs and subprograms. Subprograms are formed to solve specific problems within the framework of the state program. The division of the state program into subprograms is carried out based on the scale and complexity of the tasks solved within the framework of the state program. Subprograms of the state program include, among other things, departmental target programs and individual activities of government bodies. It should be noted that each event has a specific deadline and responsible executors.

The budget of the Russian Federation and the budgets of most constituent entities of the Federation since 2014 have been formed on the basis of state programs, but it is premature to talk about a “programmatic” philosophy in the budget. Real software requires the implementation of two conditions: the adoption of government programs and the availability of an effective tool for assessing the effectiveness of their implementation. These tasks are fully consistent with the promises of the “Main Policy Directions for 2015 and for the Planning Period of 2016 and 2017” in improving the methodology of state programs - the requirements for the target indicators of state programs used and the effectiveness of state programs. Provided that the target indicators are well planned, the current external and internal control over federal budget expenditures for the implementation of target programs is effective, then the values ​​of the target indicators should tend to the planned ones.

In practice, there are both underfulfillment and overfulfillment of indicator values, which indicates an underestimation of the forecast assessment of target indicators and indicators and the need to adjust them together with financial support indicators, since otherwise the result is inefficient use of budget funds. The lack of development of the issue of sanctions for failure to achieve target indicators of target programs is one of the shortcomings of the regulatory framework regulating the issues of bringing to responsibility for violation of budget legislation in the field of program budget.

According to the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, in 2014, for only 46 federal target programs out of 817 target indicators and indicators envisaged for implementation, 581 target indicators and indicators (71.1%) were fully achieved, 170 were not fully achieved (20.8%), 50 - not fully implemented (6.1%), for 16 indicators (1.9%) information on the level of implementation was not provided. Thus, V. M. Rodionova and V. I. Shleinikov describe the essence of the effectiveness of state control as the ratio of transaction costs for conducting state financial control and the amount of identified and proven financial losses of the state in the form of excessive transaction costs in the implementation of redistribution relations. Reducing control costs, as they believe, is the main task of institutions of state financial control.

The study of cost indicators allows us to establish the proportionality of costs incurred and control results. In a number of cases, a comparison of costs and achieved results shows that control was carried out hastily or, conversely, a lot of time was spent, a significant number of people were involved, and the results turned out to be insignificant. We consider it incorrect to determine the effectiveness of state financial control over federal budget expenditures on the implementation of target programs only from the point of view of cost savings. If we consider that one of the main tasks of state financial control of the program budget is the prevention of financial violations, then with an ideal organization of control of violations there should always be significantly less.

Therefore, when organizing high-quality control, state costs for the maintenance of state financial committees are one of the necessary conditions for preventive control of violations in the area of ​​federal budget expenditures on target programs. The effectiveness of program budget expenditures is ensured, in our opinion, by compliance with the principles and requirements for its organization, in particular, a clear delineation of the functions and powers of control bodies, coordination of their activities, the definition of general methodological approaches to control, as well as the presence of real measures of responsibility for violation of the law in areas of program budget expenditure. In order to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of expenditures on the implementation of target programs, it is necessary to have a complete understanding of all volumes of financial resources allocated from various sources, since in percentage terms, federal budget funds do not always play a key role.

For example, in the 40 state programs of the Russian Federation approved for 2014, the total amount of resource support for their implementation from all sources of financing (open part) is more than 24.0 trillion rubles, including about 30% of the total amount of resource support from federal funds. budget, about 30% - consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, less than 10% - state and territorial extra-budgetary funds, about 30% - legal entities.

That is, funds from regional budgets and legal entities make up a significant share in the financial support of state programs of the Russian Federation and the completeness of their receipt affects the final results of program implementation to a greater extent than federal budget funds. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to ensure that the state programs themselves contain sections on the participation of regions in their financial support, as well as the planned volumes of funding from extra-budgetary sources. The implementation of the principle of responsibility in relation to customers and implementers of target programs is currently difficult, since many issues regarding the application of financial sanctions and disciplinary measures to violators have not yet been resolved.

One of the most important problems of the mechanism for holding subjects of program-target planning accountable in the context of implementing the principles of results-based budgeting is the lack of sanctions, which reduces the effectiveness of financial control. We believe that an annual assessment of the effectiveness of control over federal budget expenditures for the implementation of target programs should be carried out, firstly, by the authorities themselves, and, secondly, by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Based on these indicators, it is possible to analyze the key points that influenced the effectiveness of control, draw conclusions about the quality of public financial management, and also interact with law enforcement agencies.

Literature

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993) (taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008 No. 6-FKZ, dated December 30, 2008 No. 7-FKZ, dated February 5, 2014 No. 2 -FKZ, dated July 21, 2014 No. 11-FKZ) // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. - 08/04/2014. - No. 31. - Art. 4398.

2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation: adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation on August 2, 2010 “On approval of the Procedure for the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of state programs of the Russian Federation” // Reference and legal system “ConsultantPlus” Prof. version [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (access date: 12/26/2015).

3. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2010 “On approval of the Program of the Government of the Russian Federation to increase the efficiency of budget expenditures for the period until 2012” // Reference and legal system “ConsultantPlus” Prof. version [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (access date: 12/26/2015).

4. “Main directions of budget policy for 2015 and for the planning period of 2016 and 2017” // Legal reference system “ConsultantPlus” Prof. version [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (access date: 12/26/2015).

5. Conclusion of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation on the federal draft. Law of December 2, 2013 No. 349-FZ “On the federal budget for 2014 and for the planning period of 2015 and 2016” [Electronic resource] // Official. website of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. - Access mode: http://audit.gov.ru/activities/audit-of-the-federalbudget/9109/ (access date: 12/27/2015).

6. Materials of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation for the meeting on the topic: “On the state of control and analytical work in the Russian Federation and the role of financial control bodies in ensuring the stability of the state” (Federation Council Committee on Budget and Financial Markets, Moscow) [Electronic resource] . - Access mode: http://www.council.gov.ru/media/files/41d453c010aa274aa9cc.doc (access date: 12/26/2015). 7. Rodionova, V. M. Financial control: textbook / V. M. Rodionova, V. I. Shleinikov. - M.: ID FBK - PRESS, 2012. - 320 p.

In the Russian Federation, a lot of work is being done to develop and implement government programs. Resource capabilities act as a limitation and the main criterion when choosing problems for the development of each program. This often leads to current problems coming to the fore over strategic ones. Every year, when forming the federal budget, dozens of programs are approved that are to be financed from the federal budget.

State program: definition and meaning

The Russian state program is the most important means of implementing internal targeted influence on spheres of life and should be aimed at implementing large scientific and investment projects that are responsible for solving complex problems that are the sphere of activity of federal, regional and local authorities. In addition, it is a set of production, economic, research, social, economic and a number of other activities related to the timing, performers and resources that are aimed at organizing and ensuring the development of the state in various fields and fields of activity.

State programs are developed and implemented by executive authorities or other main managers of budgetary funds, whose powers include the implementation of public policy directions together with other implementers and program participants.

Program structure

Each program in the Russian Federation includes:

  • federal government programs and/or subprograms;
  • main events and/or departmental target programs;
  • specific activities aimed at solving a particular program problem.

The standard program structure looks like this:

  • formulation of the problem and proof of the need to solve it using program methods;
  • goals, objectives, terms and stages of program implementation;
  • a set of program activities: technical, economic, procedural, research, etc.;
  • size and resource support of events;
  • implementation mechanism;
  • organization and control of implementation progress management;
  • determining the effectiveness of the program's consequences and results;
  • passport.

The parameters that the program must meet must be determined, and a forecast of the final results characterizing changes in the state, for example, the social sphere, the quality and standard of living of the population, public safety, economics, healthcare, etc., is created.

State programs are based on the directions of activity of the government of the Russian Federation approved for a specific period; provisions defining the concept of social and economic development of the Russian Federation; decisions of the President and Government of the Russian Federation; federal laws.

Classification of government programs

Government programs can be classified on various grounds:

  • by direction and source of funding (federal, regional, municipal);
  • according to the level of problems being solved (intersectoral, sectoral, local);
  • by the nature of the problems being solved (complex, research, socio-economic, scientific and technical, etc.);
  • by implementation period (short-term, medium-term, long-term).

The trends in recent years are such that the state program is aimed not only at one level of solving the problem, for example, federal, but also local or even in some cases local. Therefore, simultaneously with the federal level implementation program, a regional program is being developed, taking into account local characteristics and issues.

Stages of development of state programs

Part of any government program is a thorough study of its regulatory component. Any event or subprogram is supported by a legal framework. It should be noted that the purpose and content of the program cannot violate, conflict with the basic laws and regulations of the country, or violate anyone’s rights and freedoms.

It is unacceptable to include language containing selfish goals in the main provisions and content of the program.

State programs undergo several interrelated stages in their development:

  1. Determining the problem. In order for a program to have the right to exist, it is necessary to justify its significance and identify the content of the problem that must be solved using program methods;
  2. Concept development. The concept is an integral part of any program; it is necessary to formulate it and justify the most effective options, ways or means of solving the problem;
  3. Preparation of proposals. At this stage, a thorough study of specific proposals to solve the problem is carried out, the target group is determined and a financial and economic analysis is provided;
  4. Decision-making. The Government of the Russian Federation or another authorized body decides to start the program development process.
  5. Creating a project. Organizational work begins on the development of a draft program, goals and objectives, stages and deadlines for implementation, resources and performers are formulated;
  6. Development of events. The substantive part of the program, a preliminary budget request is directly drawn up and a business plan is created;
  7. Expertise. Taking into account the type and nature of the program, an examination is carried out: economic, legal, technical, etc. The draft program is agreed upon with the ministries, departments, and government bodies of the entities involved in its implementation.

Life cycle of the developed program

After the examination and amendments are made, the draft state program goes through several life cycles:

  • Decision of a government authority. The Government of the Russian Federation, a ministry or other authorized authority makes a decision on the start of implementation of the program by an official document;
  • Implementation. Those responsible for the implementation of sections of the program are appointed, the event and the use of funding are monitored. If necessary, a decision is made to adjust it;
  • During the implementation of the program, funding is provided only in accordance with the budget request.
  • Evaluation of results and effectiveness.

Implementation of state assistance programs

Government assistance programs are becoming increasingly in demand. Monitoring social problems allows us to identify priority areas of work. Thus, the program “Promotion of Employment” has been in effect for several years (since 2012), which is aimed at ensuring institutional, legal and economic conditions for the effective development of the labor market. The results of the program should be a reduction in tension in the field of employment, preservation of the qualifications and health of workers, and protection of their labor rights.

No less relevant is the “Social Support for Citizens” program, developed in order to improve the forms and methods of social assistance to various categories of people in need, improve the level of well-being of the population, and fulfill state obligations for social services and support for citizens.

Implementation of educational programs

State educational programs are a mechanism for reforming this area. One of them - “Development of Education” - was developed until 2020. Thanks to the planned activities, it is planned to achieve the development of all levels of education, make it accessible and of high quality, and develop a system of quality assessments. The tasks also include optimizing education management mechanisms and creating network data exchange between educational institutions. Employees must be provided with the necessary information, training, and methodological tools for working with students - these are also key activities that the state program implies. Education is a chance for the younger generation to secure a good future for themselves.

Implementation of health programs

State medical programs are designed to solve pressing problems in the field of health protection of Russian citizens. Since 2012, the “State Program for the Development of Healthcare in Russia” has been implemented. According to the developers, it represents completely different approaches to improving infrastructure, creating a unified professional environment, increasing the efficiency and quality of medical care, and training. In addition to it, a program of state guarantees was approved, the essence of which is to create conditions for the free provision of medical care to citizens. As part of the activities carried out, a list of conditions, forms and types of medical care is approved, a list of diseases for which medical care is provided free of charge is developed, and tariffs are formed. It was approved for 2014 and the planned years 2015-2016.

Implementation of economic programs

State economic programs, taking into account financial instability and crisis, are becoming significant means for Russia to overcome difficult situations.

Since 2013, the “Economic Development and Innovative Economy” program has been put into effect, aimed at state regulation and solving priority problems in the field of socially-oriented and innovative economic development. At the moment, it is planned to create favorable conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, ensure an increase in the efficiency of government forms of government, and attract additional investments in economic development. Another program is “Development of Foreign Economic Activity” for 2013-2018. - aims to strengthen Russian positions in the global economy and improve quality performance indicators in the foreign economic environment.

Other types of government programs

State development programs include about 40 items. Each meets the current needs of the macro- and microeconomic levels of development of the state, is aimed at solving pressing issues in narrow areas of the national economy and Russian society: ecology, environmental management, military service, law enforcement, the Internet, forestry, etc. For example, within the framework of the program “ Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020”, measures are being implemented to achieve food independence of the state, increase the competitiveness of national products, and develop financial stability. The program “Reproduction and Use of Natural Resources” is aimed at organizing the rational use of the country’s natural resources, supplying economic sectors with mineral raw materials and searching for information about the location of rich mineral deposits.

Program effectiveness factors

The implementation of the state program does not go without development, and the formulation of evaluation tools to determine its effectiveness. The parameters of the developed state programs must be reflected in the forecast of economic and social development of the state for the medium term. Their comprehensive nature presupposes that at the stage of development of the federal budget, appropriate conditions are provided for, considered as components of the effectiveness and efficiency of budget programs.

Factors ensuring the effectiveness of the state program:

  • clarity of the main goal of subprogramme subgoals;
  • presence of a logical structure;
  • distribution of responsibility for the implementation of the planned activities of the state program of each ministry involved in the implementation;
  • creation of an incentive system for achieved indicators.

Program performance criteria

The main criteria for the effectiveness of the process of implementing budget programs are:

  1. Cost-effectiveness: achieving the lowest possible costs for all types of resources used by the program.
  2. Productivity: establishing the ratio of the amount of work performed to the amount of money spent on it.
  3. Effectiveness: completeness of fulfillment of set goals, correspondence of the size of public expenditures and the results obtained from their use.

It should be noted that, in addition to general criteria for a specific type of program (social, medical, economic, environmental, etc.), specific indicators are developed that meet the stated goal. If the results yield decent results, the program can be extended for another period, but only after making appropriate adjustments.

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