One of the basic forms of syntactic analysis is to parse a sentence into sentence members. This allows you to track the nature of the connections between different parts of the sentence, determine the specifics of intonation, and also find the phrases used in the sentence. Despite the fact that such analysis is taught from school, many people encounter a number of difficulties when performing such analysis and turn to the capabilities of the network for help. Below I will consider a scheme for such an analysis of the CL of a sentence, give the features of its key steps, and also tell you whether there are online resources that can help us in performing analyzes of this type.

It is important for the formation and training of people's spelling literacy, honing the necessary spelling skills.

This is especially important in today’s educational environment, when:

• the average level of independent reading falls;
• there is an insufficient number of manuals on spelling techniques;
• the general level of cognitive interest among students decreases.

When regularly parsing a proposal by members, you perform several basic tasks at once:

1. Get acquainted directly with many syntactic structures in sentences;
2. Learn to express your thoughts both directly and metaphorically, sharpen your logical thinking;
3. Express your thoughts both orally and in writing;
4. Prevent the occurrence of various speech errors;
5. Learn to formulate questions correctly.

According to the existing methodology, syntactic parsing of a sentence is possible in three main forms:

• Formal form (members of the proposal are distinguished by questions);
• Semantic form (subject, object, predicate, etc. are distinguished);
• Communicative form (theme and rheme are highlighted, that is, given and new information).

In this case, sentences are usually analyzed in which their formal structure does not conflict with the communicative and semantic structure.

How to Parse a Sentence

Carrying out this analysis involves following a methodological template consisting of the following:

1. We determine whether the sentence is simple or complex (that is, how many grammatical bases it has - if there is one, then it is simple, if there are two or more, it is complex);
2. We identify the sentence by the purpose of its statement (whether it is narrative, interrogative or motivating);
3. What is its intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

If this sentence is simple, then we define its further typology:

1. We establish whether our proposal is widespread or not widespread (that is, if it has only main members, then it is not widespread, and if in addition to the main members there are also secondary ones, it is widespread);
2. We analyze it into the main (subject and predicate) and secondary members of the sentence (definition, addition, circumstance), identify which part of speech they are expressed by;
3. We identify homogeneous members of the sentence (if any), that is, are there any members that answer the same question and are associated with the same word.

If this sentence is complex, then:

Features of parsing

When performing this type of analysis, you must remember that:

• Any grammatical concept is expressed by the unity of its grammatical features;
• One word cannot be different members of a sentence;
• The greatest difficulty is caused by the differentiation of the secondary members of the sentence being analyzed, which are expressed by a noun.

Online resources for breaking down member proposals

There are practically no network resources on the RuNet that allow you to parse sentences online. This is primarily due to the complexity of developing such tools. For example, the same word in a sentence can have different semantic meaning. At the same time, in the English-language segment there are a number of such services that allow you to analyze English-language sentences by members of the sentence online.

In particular, I would like to draw the reader’s attention to the following resources:

Let's now look at several proposals for CL in practice.

Example No. 1

“White, yellow and blue butterflies fluttered over the dandelions.”

This offer:

• simple;
• has a narrative character (tells us about something);
• widespread (has members other than the main one);
• non-exclamatory;
• complicated by homogeneous definitions.

In parts of speech it looks something like this:

Example No. 2

“The children were decorating the New Year tree, my wife was preparing a festive dinner, my mother was helping her.”

This is the proposal:

• complex (has three grammatical bases);
• has a narrative character;
• widespread;
• non-exclamatory.

The parts of speech look like this:

Example No. 3

"The holidays have arrived."

This is a simple declarative sentence; it is also non-exclamatory and non-exclamatory.

Conclusion

The online resources available on the network do not provide a full opportunity to analyze proposals for CL. Therefore, it is recommended to use the methodology given in the article and hone your own knowledge, skills and abilities in conducting a syntactic analysis of the sentences you need.

A sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs action. Most often it has a base and secondary members describing it. To learn or refresh your memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian.

The grammatical basis in parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject, which directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate, an action committed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative clause), but can be not only a noun. It could be:

• numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three people in line; four was his best estimate);
• personal pronoun (he walked quietly along the corridor; we left the classroom);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something was disturbing me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective as a noun (the person in charge was appointed by management; the person on duty kept order).

In grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject by underlining, and the predicate by double underlining.

The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by a verb in any mood (the dog ran along the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominative part (a schoolboy has become a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word “will” is omitted);

Completeness of the sentence

Based on the composition of the base, sentences can be two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has fallen; where is he("is located" omitted) ?) , and one-piece. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who we are talking about (I'm doing my best(I); let's go for a walk(We));
• indefinite personal, expressed by a past tense verb in the plural (there was a noise on the floor below; they were singing somewhere in the distance);
• generalized-personal, which attribute action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you have to get into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, not implying any object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).

Secondary, but no less important

To provide detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When performing grammatical analysis of a sentence, they should also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread; accordingly, without them, it is considered unextended.

Complex sentences are not difficult at all

Various plug-ins complement the offer, increasing the volume of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are defined as a separate part, which is a separate point in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• isolated definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition) are participial phrases (the kettle, heating up on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house located in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (identified as a circumstance) are adverbial phrases (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking apprehensively, the dog extended his paw);
• homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (there were scattered on the floor(What?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) slept and walked(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mom and sister(homogeneous addition));
• an address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrey, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow will most likely be hot).

How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?

For analysis, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all of the above structures and components of the sentence. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, the city alleys, covered with a golden carpet, shimmer whimsically.

1. Identify the main members. There should be one basis, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Select minor members: (when?) early autumn- circumstance, (what?) covered with a golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsical- circumstance, (what?) urban- definition.

3. Identify parts of speech:

In the previous beginning of noun. autumn n. , covered with pribl. golden adj. carpet noun , whimsically adv. ch. shimmer urban adj. alleys noun

4. Describe the signs:

• purpose of the statement (narrative, motivating, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
• by basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of minor ones (common, uncommon);
• complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;

The characteristics of this are non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate definition.

This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian is ambiguous. Complex sentences connecting simple ones are:

An example of parsing a complex sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone gathered together at one big table.

1. All the basics are covered. There are several of them in a complex sentence: every- subject, was busy- compound nominal predicate; All- subject, were going to- predicate.
2. Identify parts of speech.

In other family noun. , regardless adv. from ave. age n. , every pronoun. was ch. very nar. busy adj. , nose. on the other weekend adj. pronoun everything. were going to for example big adj. table su sch.

1. Identify the presence of an alliance. There is a “but” here. This means that the proposal is a union one.
2. Simple ones can be characterized by their position if there is a union (point 2). This example is a complex sentence, the simple ones in it are equivalent (i.e., if desired, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of a non-union union, this item is not indicated.
3. Make a general description: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, compound.
4. Disassemble the simple ones inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by the separate definition “regardless of age”)a
• on weekends, everyone gathered around a large table (narrative, non-vocal, simple, two-part, complete, dist., unspoken)

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of a subordinating conjunction. It is included in the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.

This is a type of subordination, not a mandatory point, but also often taken into account.

The main thing is to remember that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. Seeing one of the words in a task should not be intimidating, since the topic is quite general and quickly learned. For foreigners it is difficult because of the great variability, but that is why the Russian language is beautiful.

Instructions

At the first stage, you need to parse the sentence into members and underline them: the subject - with one line, the predicate - with two, - with a wavy line, the complement - with a dotted line, and the adverbial - with alternating dashes and dots. Sometimes it is also necessary to indicate the connections between the members of the proposal and ask questions to each of them.

If the sentence is simple, indicate the type of predicate: simple (PGS), compound verb (CGS) or compound nominal (CIS). If there are several, indicate the type of each of them. If, however, number each of its parts and draw up a diagram of this sentence, indicating the means of communication (and allied words). In addition, indicate the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory or adverbial clauses: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, condition, purpose, concession, comparison, manner of action, measure and degree or connecting) and the types of relations between them (sequential, parallel or homogeneous ).

Next, describe the sentence, indicating its type by purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating), by intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory) and by the number of grammatical stems (simple or complex: compound, complex, non-conjunct). If the sentence is simple, continue the analysis, indicating the type by the number of main members (two-part or one-part: nominative, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal or impersonal), by the presence of minor members (widespread or non-extended), by the presence of missing main members (complete or incomplete), and also indicate how it is complicated (homogeneous members, isolated members, introductory or plug-in constructions, circulation or not complicated by anything). If the sentence is complex, continue the analysis according to the same scheme, but for each of its parts separately.

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Related article

The difference between a simple and complex sentence is based on their structure: if a simple sentence contains one grammatical base, then a complex sentence contains two or more such bases. Therefore, the parsing of sentences, which a graduate or applicant must be able to perform, has its own characteristics depending on the type. How to implement it?

Instructions

Give a general description:
a) according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or motivating);
b) by emotional coloring (exclamation or not);
c) by the presence of grammar (simple or complex); If simple, add the following points:
d) by: two-part or one-part (impersonal, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, nominative);
e) complete or incomplete;
f) by the presence of secondary ones (common or non-common).

If the sentence is simple, tell us about its structure:
a) sort by members and determine which parts of speech they are expressed by;
b) indicate how the sentence is complicated (homogeneous members; comparative phrases; direct speech; isolated definitions expressed by participial phrases, etc.).

Explain the structure of a complex sentence:
a) determine the type (union, non-union or with various types of connection) and the number of parts that make up a complex sentence.
b) indicate in a non-union complex sentence the meaning of the relationships between the parts (sequence, simultaneity, opposition, etc.);
c) in a conjunctive complex sentence, highlight the conjunctions or allied words and characterize them, determine the type (complex or complex):
- in a compound sentence, determine the type of coordinating conjunctions and characterize the semantic relationships between the parts of the sentence (alternation, sequence, simultaneity, opposition);
- in a complex sentence, determine the main clause, the type of subordinate clause (expository, attributive, adverbial of place, time, etc.) and the method of subordination (parallel, sequential, homogeneous).

Draw up a sentence diagram and explain punctuation marks.

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Tip 3: How to Parse a Sentence

Syntactic analysis of a sentence is the basis of practical work on the text. This type of analysis causes a lot of difficulties for schoolchildren from year to year. Meanwhile, a significant part of the tasks in the Unified State Examination and the State Examination Academy are in one way or another related to syntactic analysis.

Now ask the question from the predicate to the other members of the sentence. “Finished what?” - performance. The member of the sentence that answers questions about indirect cases is an object. In this case, the noun “performance” acts as an object. Underline it with a dotted line and write its syntactic function above the word.

Analyze the second simple sentence included in the complex sentence in the same way. Ask a question from the predicate “applauded how?” - amicably. Members of a sentence that answer the questions “how?”, “when?”, “how?”, “for what reason?” etc. are circumstances. The adverb “friendly” in this case is a circumstance. Underline it with a dotted line, alternating a dash with a dot.

Now proceed to characterize the sentence according to the purpose of the statement. Be guided by the punctuation mark. If a sentence ends with a period, then it will be declarative, as in this case.

Take a look at the analysis and count the number of grammatical stems. If there is one basis, the sentence is simple, if there are two or more, it is complex.

If there are several bases, determine the nature of the connection between them. Are they related to each other in meaning (complex) or does one depend on the other (complex).

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Tip 4: How to parse a sentence

While studying the “Syntax” section in Russian language lessons, schoolchildren learn not only to see the structure of phrases and sentences, but also to perform syntactic parsing of sentences. To do this, they must be able to determine the type of sentence, see its structure, etc.

Instructions

Determine what the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement. If it simply reports something, it will be narrative. But the sentence “Schoolchildren, learn the rules of spelling alternating vowels” contains a call to action. Therefore, it will be motivating for the purpose of the statement. If a question is expressed in a syntactic construction, the sentence is interrogative.

In the syntactic analysis, indicate what kind of intonation the statement is. Keep in mind that it can be either an exclamation or a non-exclamation. For example, in the sentence “What a wonderful day today!” admiration and delight are expressed. Therefore, it will be an exclamation point. In addition, it contains information. Therefore, note in the analysis that it is narrative.

Underline the grammatical basis of the sentence. Indicate whether the sentence is simple or complex. So, in the statement “The rain passed, and we went for a walk” there are two: “the rain passed”, “we went for a walk”. Therefore, this proposal is complex.

Specify the type of complex sentence. It can be complex or non-union. For example, in the statement “The students decided to go on a hike when the holidays begin,” there is a main clause “The students decided to go on a hike” and a subordinate clause “When the rains begin,” to which a question can be posed. They are connected by the subordinating conjunction “when”. This sentence is complex.

Determine the type of subordinate clause by asking a question about it. Thus, in the syntactic construction “When the sun comes out, we will go to the river,” the subordinate clause is located at the beginning of the statement, and you need to ask the question “when?” Therefore, it is an adverbial clause of time.

If you are performing a syntactic analysis of a complex sentence, then further characterize the parts of the statement separately, sequentially by the number of main members, the presence of secondary ones, etc. This is necessary, since one sentence in a complex sentence can be one-part, and another two-part.

Indicate in the analysis whether the sentence is one-part (there is only one main member) or two-part (there is both a subject and a predicate).

If the sentence is one-part, indicate its type. It can be definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal or nominal. For example, in the statement “I’ll catch the last train” there is only the predicate “I’ll have time.” It is expressed by a verb in the first person, singular, present tense. This proposal is definitely personal.

Underline the minor members of the sentence, if any, and indicate whether the sentence is common or uncommon. In the statement “Students, help the elderly” there is a definition “elderly” and an addition “people”. Therefore, it is common.

Indicate which parts of speech express all the main and minor members.

If the statement contains complications in the form of homogeneous members, separate definitions or circumstances, etc., note this.

Outline your proposal.

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Syntactic analysis can be carried out in relation to a phrase, a simple or complex sentence. In each case, a different analysis scheme is applied and characteristic components are identified.

Instructions

During syntactic analysis, the main and dependent words are highlighted, and it is also found out which speeches they relate to. Next, the grammatical meaning of the phrase is determined (and its attribute; the action and the object to which it goes; the action and its attribute; the action and its cause, etc.). A method of syntactic connection between words is established (coordination (the dependent word is in the same forms as the main word), adjacency (the dependent word is connected with the main word only in meaning) or control (the dependent word is placed with the main word in a certain case, i.e. with changing the form of the main word, the form of the dependent word is not )).

When parsing a simple sentence, the (subject and predicate) are highlighted. Then the type of sentence is determined by the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive), its emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory). After this, it is necessary to establish the type of sentence by its grammatical basis (one-part or two-part), by the presence of minor members (extensive or not extended), by the presence or absence of any member (complete or incomplete). Also, a simple sentence can be complicated (homogeneous or isolated members are present) or uncomplicated.

When syntactically analyzing a complex sentence, in addition to determining the grammatical basis and type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement, it is necessary to prove that it is complex and establish the type of connection between simple sentences (conjunctive or non-conjunctive). If the connection is conjunction, then the type of sentence is determined by the nature of the conjunction: compound or complex. If the sentence is complex, then it is necessary to find out what kind of coordinating conjunction the parts of the sentence are connected with: connective, disjunctive or adversative. In a complex sentence, the main and subordinate clauses, the means of connecting the subordinate clause with the main clause, the question to which the subordinate clause answers, and the type of complex sentence are determined. If a complex sentence is non-union, then the semantic relationships between simple sentences are determined and the punctuation mark is explained. It is also necessary to draw an outline of the proposal.

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Syntactic analysis of a sentence is its characteristics according to various parameters. To perform this type of analysis, there is a simple algorithm that will help to correctly characterize the sentence.

Parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence based on the purpose of the statement. It can be narrative, interrogative or motivating.
Today we are going for a walk. - This is a declarative sentence.
Are we going for a walk today? - interrogative.
Go for a walk today. - motivating.

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
What wonderful weather! - exclamation point.
The weather was beautiful. - non-exclamatory.

3. Determine the type of sentence based on the number of grammatical stems. If there is one basis, it is a simple sentence, and if there are two or more, it is a complex sentence.
My dog ​​loves bread. - this is a simple sentence, since the grammatical basis is one (the dog loves).
My dog ​​loves bread, and my cat prefers sausage. - this is a complex sentence, since there are two grammatical bases here (the dog loves, the cat prefers).

4. Determine the type of sentence of the grammatical basis. If the grammatical basis consists of a subject and a predicate, then such a sentence is called two-part, and if it consists of only a subject or only a predicate, it is called one-part.
A warm summer evening has arrived. - two-part proposal;
It was getting dark outside. - a one-part proposal.
For one-part sentences, it is also necessary to determine their type. They can be:
definitely personal (the main member of the sentence is the predicate, expressed by a 1st or 2nd person verb). For example:
I love the sun (the predicate “love” is expressed by a 1st person verb, you can substitute the subject “I”).
Come into the house (the predicate “come” is expressed by a 2nd person verb, you can substitute the subject “you”).
indefinitely personal (the main member of the sentence is the predicate, expressed by a 3rd person plural verb). For example:
They didn’t answer me (the predicate “they didn’t answer” is expressed by a 3rd person plural verb, you can substitute the subject “they”).
impersonal (the main member of the sentence is the predicate, and the subject cannot be substituted even orally). For example:
It is getting dark (it is impossible to substitute any subject).
nominative (the main member of the sentence is only the subject). For example:
Night (the sentence has only a subject, no predicate).

5. Determine the type of sentence by the presence of minor members. If they exist, this is a common offer; if not, it is not common.
The sun was shining (unspread)
This morning the sun is especially bright (widespread).

6. Determine whether the sentence is complicated, and if so, indicate why. Sentences can be complicated by homogeneous members, participial and participial phrases, introductory words,

Not all schoolchildren find it easy to fully parse a sentence. We will tell you the correct sequence of actions that will help you cope with this task easier.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into:

• narrative – "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
• interrogative – “Rus, where are you going?”(N. Gogol);
• incentive – “My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: there is no need to invent intrigues and plots. Take advantage of the stories that life itself provides."(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

The purpose of interrogative sentences is to obtain from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e. does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - a pathetic expression of a thought, idea, expression of the speaker’s attitude towards something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the recipient of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not in the structure of the sentence itself, but in the intonation of the speaker.

Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence.

At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, proposals are divided into:

• exclamation marks - “What a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
• non-exclamation - “The thought flies, but the words walk step by step”(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what kind of sentence it is:

• simple sentence - “Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, drives him into a frenzy”(F. Dostoevsky);
• difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much misery and unhappiness in their lives arises from laziness.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a full set of main members of the sentence or the absence of any of them, can be:

• one-piece - “It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court”(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. A fairy-tale palace, open for everyone to see. Clearings of forest roads looking into lakes"(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
• two-part – “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).

Indicate which main member is present in the one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominative) and verbal (there is a predicate: definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if the sentence has minor members.

Depending on the presence/absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

• widespread – “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
• uncommon – “The seizure is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complete or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. Incomplete ones lack any of the major or minor members. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

• full offer - “Prishvin’s words bloom and sparkle”(K. Paustovsky);
• incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - I’m Anochka.”(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete sentence, indicate which parts of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or not complicated by introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple complex sentences:

• “Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was magnificent”(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
• “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle.”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, they designate the subject and predicate, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

In this case, indicate the grammatical basis; if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample parsing sentence:

• Oral analysis: the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, he moved, he didn’t, he stopped, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, a separate definition (participial phrase), a separate circumstance (adverbial phrase).
• Written analysis: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, g/o the doorman trampled, was about to move, didn’t, stopped, spread, complicated. homogeneous. tale, isolated def. (participial turnover), separate. society (adverbial turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how connections exist between parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

• allied - “Those who strive for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit”(L. Tolstoy);
• non-union - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and clear, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what ties the parts of a complex sentence together:

• intonation;
• coordinating conjunctions;
• subordinating conjunctions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the connection between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this connection is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

• compound sentence (SSP) - “My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange” (I. Turgenev);
• complex sentence (SPP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
• complex non-union sentence (BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
• sentence with different types of connection - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of a non-union complex sentence can be expressed by different punctuation marks: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the connections between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

• what does the subordinate clause refer to;
• whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
• what question does it answer?

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate clauses, describe the relationships between them:

• sequential - “I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle fell off” (K. Paustovsky);
• parallel - “We must accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops, so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance” (V. Mayakovsky);
• homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all members of the sentence and indicate by what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Outline the sentence.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of subordinate part. Look at a sample parsing of a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme for syntactic parsing of a sentence proposed by us will help to correctly characterize the sentence according to all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instructions, a complex task will become clearer and simpler, will help you master the material and consolidate it in practice.

Write a comment if this diagram was useful to you. And if you found it useful, don’t forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.

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1. Characterize the sentence according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.
2. By emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
3. Based on the presence of grammatical basics: simple or complex.
4. Then, depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex:

If simple: 5. Characterize the sentence by the presence of the main members of the sentence: two-part or one-part, indicate which is the main member of the sentence if it is one-part (subject or predicate). 6. Characterize by the presence of minor members of the sentence: common or non-widespread. 7. Indicate whether the sentence is complicated in any way (homogeneous members, address, introductory words) or not complicated. 8. Underline all parts of the sentence, indicate parts of speech. 9. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

If it's complicated: 5. Indicate what kind of connection is in the sentence: union or non-union. 6. Indicate what is the means of communication in a sentence: intonation, coordinating conjunctions or subordinating conjunctions. 7. Conclude what kind of sentence it is: non-union (BSP), complex (SSP), complex (SPP). 8. Parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, starting with point No. 5 of the adjacent column. 9. Underline all parts of the sentence, indicate parts of speech. 10. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

Example of parsing a simple sentence

Oral analysis:

Declarative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: pupils and female students studying, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

Writing:

Declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis pupils and female students studying, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

An example of parsing a complex sentence

Oral analysis:

Declarative sentence, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication subordinating conjunction because, complex sentence. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate didn't ask common, not complicated. Second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis my class and I went common, not complicated.

Writing:

Declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication subordinating conjunction because, SPP.

1st PP: one-part, with the main member – predicate didn't ask common, not complicated.

2nd PP: two-part, grammatical basis - my class and I went widespread, not complicated.

Example of a diagram (sentence followed by a diagram)

Another parsing option

Parsing. Order in parsing.

In phrases:

1. Select the required phrase from the sentence.
2. We look at the structure - highlight the main word and the dependent word. We indicate which part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.
3. And finally, we indicate what its grammatical meaning is.

In a simple sentence:

1. We determine what the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement - narrative, incentive or interrogative.
2. We find the basis of the sentence, establish that the sentence is simple.
3. Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is constructed.
   • Is it two-part or one-part. If it is one-part, then determine the type: personal, impersonal, nominal or indefinitely personal.
   • Common or not common
   • Incomplete or complete. If the sentence is incomplete, then it is necessary to indicate which member of the sentence is missing.
4. If this sentence is complicated in any way, be it homogeneous members or separate members of the proposal, this must be noted.
5. Next you need to analyze the sentence by members, indicating what parts of speech they are. It is important to follow the parsing order. First, the predicate and subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are included first in the subject, then in the predicate.
6. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence one way or another.

Predicate

1. We note whether the predicate is a simple verb or a compound (nominal or verbal).
2. Indicate how the predicate is expressed:
   • simple - what form of the verb;
   • compound verb - what it consists of;
   • compound nominal - what copula is used, how the nominal part is expressed.

In a sentence that has homogeneous members.

If we have a simple sentence before us, then when analyzing it we need to note what kind of homogeneous members of the sentence they are and how they are related to each other. Either through intonation, or through intonation with conjunctions.

In sentences with isolated members:

If we have a simple sentence before us, then when analyzing it, we need to note what the turnover will be. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this circulation according to the members of the sentence.

In sentences with isolated parts of speech:

First, we note that in this sentence there is direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and text of the author. We analyze and explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence this way and not otherwise. We draw a proposal diagram.

In a compound sentence:

First, we indicate which sentence according to the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or motivating. We find simple sentences in the sentence and highlight the grammatical basis in them.

We find conjunctions that connect simple sentences into complex ones. We note what kind of conjunctions they are - adversative, connecting or disjunctive. We determine the meaning of this entire complex sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain why the punctuation marks are placed in this way in the sentence. Then each simple sentence that makes up a complex sentence must be parsed in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.

In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (one)

First, we indicate what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. Let's read them out.

We name which sentence is the main one and which is the subordinate one. We explain what kind of complex sentence it is, pay attention to how it is constructed, how the subordinate clause is connected to the main sentence and what it refers to.

We explain why punctuation marks are placed in this way in this sentence. Then, the subordinate and main clauses must be parsed in the same way as simple sentences are parsed.

In a complex sentence with subordinate clauses (several)

We call what a sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence and read them out. We indicate which sentence is the main one and which is the subordinate clause. It is necessary to indicate what the subordination in the sentence is - either it is parallel subordination, or sequential, or homogeneous. If there is a combination of several types of subordination, this must be noted. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in this way in the sentence. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences.

In a complex non-union sentence:

We call what a sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We find the grammatical basis of all the simple sentences that make up this complex sentence. We read them out and name the number of simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. We determine the meaning of the relationships between simple sentences. It can be sequence, cause and effect, opposition, simultaneity, explanation or addition.

We note what the structural features of this sentence are, what kind of complex sentence it is. How are the primes connected in this sentence and what do they refer to.

We explain why the punctuation marks are placed in this way in the sentence.

In a complex sentence in which there are different types of connections.

We call what purpose the sentence is in terms of the purpose of the statement. We find and highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence, and read them out. We establish that this proposal will be a proposal in which different types of communication are present. Why? We determine what connections are present in this sentence - conjunctional coordinating, subordinating or any others.

By meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. We parse all the simple sentences from which a complex sentence is composed in the same way as a simple sentence.

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