Humanity, which by the will of evolution has become the dominant species on the planet Earth, in fact, has captured and rebuilt the planet for itself, is constantly growing. A hundred years ago, about four times fewer people lived on Earth than today. The development of civilization, despite the terrible wars of the 20th century, led to a rapid increase in the population of the Earth. The population of the Earth for 2017 is a very significant value and continues to grow. What is this value and what can we expect in the future according to scientists' forecasts.
Population Growth
Of course, it is impossible to calculate the exact population of the Earth. Those states that require reliable statistics on their own population conduct periodic censuses without relying on current records. Many countries do not even do current accounting for a variety of reasons: an underdeveloped economy, underdevelopment of institutions, a war going on in the country, etc. Nevertheless, scientists in general have studied the patterns of population growth on the planet Earth quite well and, although approximately, can estimate the current population with a slight error.
Although the history of human civilization spans many millennia, yet in the old days, the human population was periodically decimated by epidemics of various diseases. The Renaissance gave a powerful impetus to the development of science, humanity learned to cope with diseases, and by 1820 the world's population reached the first billion. The second billion was reached more than a hundred years later - by 1927, already after the First World War, which slightly slowed down the growth of the human population.
The population grew to three billion by 1960, after the Second World War. The second half of the twentieth century is, in addition to modern medicine, a fundamental change in technology both in agriculture and in food technology in general. It turned out that humanity can feed itself, even if its population grows significantly. And if earlier most of the inhabitants of any country had to be engaged in agriculture, then already in the 20th century one farmer could successfully feed a small village, and a group of farmers could feed an entire city.
The growth of the human population was not slow in coming. Four billion people were recorded by scientists on the planet already 14 years later - by 1974, five billion - by 1987. Since then, growth has stabilized, and each new billion appears on the planet within 12 years. Six billion people lived on Earth by 1999, seven billion by 2011. The population of the Earth in 2017 is thus more than seven billion. How many exactly - we'll figure it out later.
In the summer of 2016, the human population was 7.3 billion people. The world's population in 2017 is already more than 7.5 billion people, which fits perfectly into the 12-year cycle of growth of the next billion. 2017 is just “halfway” from 2011 to 2023, when we should expect the eight billionth inhabitant of the planet.
How long is growth possible? There are various estimates, but they all converge at the beginning or first half of the 22nd century - around 2100-2130, humanity will reach its natural population peak, when it will be approximately 11-14 billion. After that, he will simply not have enough space on the planet, he may run out of resources, and, in the event of a catastrophic scenario, the human population will fall to the level of the early 20th century - up to 2-3 billion people.
Of course, catastrophic scenarios are rather a warning to future generations of scientists, as well as a look at the future through the eyes of a modern person who does not yet know about the achievements of science that await us ahead, so we cannot know what a person’s life will be like in a hundred years. Perhaps the development of civilization will avoid catastrophes, and humanity will be able to feed itself and avoid extinction.
It can be seen that if the population of the Earth in 2017 is seven and a half billion, then we can get to the promised eleven billion even faster than 2100, if the growth rate continues. So, if scientists are not mistaken in their predictions, we live in an era of the most rapid population growth of the planet in the entire multi-thousand-year history of civilization - the rate of this growth was not so high 30-40 years ago and will be lower than today's after a few more decades.
There are more than 200 states on planet Earth (including partially recognized and unrecognized countries).
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All of them differ in terms of living standards, incomes of the population, cultural development and other important indicators.
In this situation, it is natural that the number of inhabitants of the countries of the globe varies significantly.
Against the background of states with a huge number of inhabitants, there are countries where literally several thousand people live.
Total information
According to various estimates, 7.444-7.528 billion people live on planet Earth. The population is constantly growing by about 90 million people.
But the distribution of inhabitants across the planet is extremely uneven. More than 1/3 of all mankind lives in China and India, and 2/3 of the world's inhabitants live in the 15 most populous countries.
For comparison, we present in the table information about the population of the planet in different periods of human development:
Note. Data in 1500 and earlier are obtained by scientific evaluation. At that time, accounting and census were not yet involved.
Basic indicators
The population of each country is taken into account, both by local authorities and by the international scientific community.
In this case, data obtained as a result of censuses, migration records, etc. are used. In some states, it is almost impossible to accurately estimate the number of inhabitants.This is hindered by military conflicts, and also part of the population of some countries lives in extremely inaccessible areas.
Consider how much the population of the earth is by state for 2020 in the following table:
| A country | Number of inhabitants |
| PRC | 1389983000 |
| India | 1350494000 |
| USA | 325719000 |
| Indonesia | 267272972 |
| Pakistan | 211054704 |
| Brazil | 209078488 |
| Nigeria | 196463654 |
| Bangladesh | 166576197 |
| Russia | 146880432 |
| Japan | 126560000 |
| Mexico | 123982528 |
| Philippines | 105908950 |
| Ethiopia | 104569310 |
| Egypt | 97351896 |
| Vietnam | 95600601 |
| Germany | 82521653 |
| Iran | 82018816 |
| DRC | 81339988 |
| Türkiye | 80810525 |
| Thailand | 69037513 |
| Great Britain | 65808573 |
| France | 64859599 |
| Italy | 60589445 |
| Tanzania | 57310019 |
| South Africa | 54956900 |
| Myanmar | 53370609 |
| The Republic of Korea | 51732586 |
| Colombia | 49749000 |
| Kenya | 49699862 |
| Spain | 46528966 |
| Argentina | 43131966 |
| Uganda | 42862958 |
| Ukraine | 42216766 |
| Algeria | 41318142 |
| Sudan | 40533330 |
| Poland | 38424000 |
| Iraq | 38274618 |
| Canada | 35706000 |
| Afghanistan | 35530081 |
| Morocco | 35197000 |
| Uzbekistan | 32511900 |
| Saudi Arabia | 32248200 |
| Venezuela | 31882000 |
| Malaysia | 31700000 |
| Peru | 31488625 |
| Angola | 29784193 |
| Mozambique | 29668834 |
| Nepal | 29304998 |
| Ghana | 28833629 |
| Yemen | 28250420 |
| Australia | 25787000 |
| Madagascar | 25570895 |
| North Korea | 25490965 |
| Ivory Coast | 24294750 |
| Republic of China | 23547448 |
| Cameroon | 23248044 |
| Niger | 21477348 |
| Sri Lanka | 20876917 |
| Romania | 19644350 |
| Mali | 18541980 |
| Chile | 18503135 |
| Burkina Faso | 18450494 |
| Syria | 18269868 |
| Kazakhstan | 18195900 |
| Netherlands | 17191445 |
| Zambia | 17094130 |
| Zimbabwe | 16529904 |
| Malawi | 16310431 |
| Guatemala | 16176133 |
| Cambodia | 15827241 |
| Ecuador | 15770000 |
| Senegal | 15256346 |
| Chad | 14496739 |
| Guinea | 12947122 |
| South Sudan | 12733427 |
| Burundi | 11552561 |
| Bolivia | 11410651 |
| Cuba | 11392889 |
| Rwanda | 11262564 |
| Belgium | 11250659 |
| Somalia | 11079013 |
| Tunisia | 10982754 |
| Haiti | 10911819 |
| Greece | 10846979 |
| Dominican Republic | 10648613 |
| Czech | 10578820 |
| Portugal | 10374822 |
| Benin | 10315244 |
| Sweden | 10005673 |
| Hungary | 9779000 |
| Azerbaijan | 9730500 |
| Belarus | 9491800 |
| UAE | 9400145 |
| Tajikistan | 8931000 |
| Israel | 8842000 |
| Austria | 8773686 |
| Honduras | 8725111 |
| Switzerland | 8236600 |
| Papua New Guinea | 7776115 |
| Togo | 7496833 |
| Hong Kong (PRC) | 7264100 |
| Serbia | 7114393 |
| Jordan | 7112900 |
| Paraguay | 7112594 |
| Bulgaria | 7101859 |
| Laos | 6693300 |
| Sierra Leone | 6592102 |
| Libya | 6330159 |
| Nicaragua | 6198154 |
| Salvador | 6146419 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 6140200 |
| Lebanon | 6082357 |
| Turkmenistan | 5758075 |
| Denmark | 5668743 |
| Finland | 5471753 |
| Singapore | 5469724 |
| Slovakia | 5421349 |
| Norway | 5383100 |
| Eritrea | 5351680 |
| CAR | 4998493 |
| New Zealand | 4859700 |
| State of Palestine | 4816503 |
| Costa Rica | 4773130 |
| Republic of the Congo | 4740992 |
| Liberia | 4731906 |
| Ireland | 4635400 |
| Croatia | 4190669 |
| Oman | 4088690 |
| Kuwait | 4007146 |
| Panama | 3764166 |
| Georgia | 3729600 |
| Mauritania | 3631775 |
| Moldova | 3550900 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3531159 |
| Uruguay | 3415866 |
| Puerto Rico (US colony) | 3411307 |
| Mongolia | 3119935 |
| Armenia | 2982900 |
| Jamaica | 2930050 |
| Albania | 2886026 |
| Lithuania | 2812713 |
| Namibia | 2513981 |
| Botswana | 2303820 |
| Qatar | 2269672 |
| Lesotho | 2160309 |
| Slovenia | 2097600 |
| Macedonia | 2069172 |
| Gambia | 2054986 |
| Gabon | 2025137 |
| Latvia | 1932200 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 1888429 |
| Republic of Kosovo | 1804944 |
| Bahrain | 1451200 |
| Swaziland | 1367254 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1364973 |
| Estonia | 1318705 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 1267689 |
| Mauritius | 1261208 |
| East Timor | 1212107 |
| Djibouti | 956985 |
| Fiji | 905502 |
| Cyprus | 854802 |
| Reunion (France) | 844994 |
| Comoros | 806153 |
| Guyana | 801623 |
| Butane | 784103 |
| Macau (PRC) | 640700 |
| Montenegro | 622218 |
| Solomon islands | 594934 |
| SADR | 584206 |
| Luxembourg | 576249 |
| Suriname | 547610 |
| Cape Verde | 526993 |
| Transnistria | 475665 |
| Malta | 434403 |
| Brunei | 428874 |
| Guadeloupe (France) | 403750 |
| Bahamas | 392718 |
| Belize | 387879 |
| Martinique (France) | 381326 |
| Maldives | 341256 |
| Iceland | 332529 |
| Northern Cyprus | 313626 |
| French Polynesia (France) | 285735 |
| Barbados | 285006 |
| Vanuatu | 270470 |
| New Caledonia (France) | 268767 |
| Guiana (France) | 254541 |
| Mayotte (France) | 246496 |
| Republic of Abkhazia | 243564 |
| Samoa | 194523 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 194390 |
| Saint Lucia | 186383 |
| Guam (USA) | 172094 |
| Curaçao (Nida) | 158986 |
| Kiribati | 114405 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 109644 |
| Grenada | 107327 |
| Tonga | 106915 |
| Virgin Islands (US) | 106415 |
| micronesia | 104966 |
| Aruba (Nid.) | 104263 |
| Jersey (UK) | 100080 |
| Seychelles | 97026 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 92738 |
| Isle of Man (UK) | 88421 |
| Andorra | 85470 |
| Dominica | 73016 |
| Guernsey (UK) | 62711 |
| Bermuda (UK) | 61662 |
| Cayman Islands (UK) | 60764 |
| Greenland (Denmark) | 56196 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 56183 |
| American Samoa (USA) | 55602 |
| Northern Mariana Islands (USA) | 55389 |
| South Ossetia | 53532 |
| Marshall Islands | 53069 |
| Faroe Islands (Denmark) | 48599 |
| Monaco | 37863 |
| Liechtenstein | 37622 |
| Sint Maarten (Nid.) | 37224 |
| Saint Martin (France) | 36457 |
| Turks and Caicos (UK) | 34904 |
| Gibraltar (UK) | 33140 |
| San Marino | 31950 |
| Virgin Islands (Brit.) | 30659 |
| Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba (Nid.) | 24279 |
| Palau | 21501 |
| Cook Islands (New Zealand) | 20948 |
| Anguilla (UK) | 14763 |
| Wallis and Futuna (France) | 13112 |
| Nauru | 10263 |
| Tuvalu | 9943 |
| Saint Barthelemy (France) | 9417 |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France) | 6301 |
| Montserrat (UK) | 5154 |
| Saint Helena (UK) | 3956 |
| Falkland Islands (UK) | 2912 |
| Niue (New Zealand) | 1612 |
| Tokelau (New Zealand) | 1383 |
| Vatican | 842 |
| Pitcairn Islands (UK) | 49 |
Leading countries
Most people live in China and India. In total, more than 2.740 billion people live in these two states.
Occupying 3rd place in terms of the number of inhabitants, the United States lags behind any of these countries very significantly, because only 325.719 million people live in them.
In Russia, which is in 9th place, even significantly fewer people live - 146.880 million people.
Who's behind
On the political map of the planet, there are also states with a very small number of inhabitants. Least of all people live in the Vatican (less than 850 people).
But this does not mean that a sparsely populated country is an exception to the rule. There are also full-fledged states, where there are literally several thousand people.
For example, only about 10 thousand people live in Tuvalu or Nauru. Less than 50 thousand people live in such states as Palau, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Monaco.
Growth dynamics
For a long time, the number of people on planet Earth was relatively small. It began to grow significantly only in the 19th century, but the real population explosion occurred in the 1960s-1980s.
It is associated with an increase in the availability of quality medical care, a general increase in the standard of living and an undecreasing birth rate in a number of states.
Most of the newborns are in countries such as China, India. Many in the states of Latin America, as well as Africa.
Forecast for the future
Scientists are constantly considering various scenarios for the further development of mankind and changes in the number of inhabitants of the planet.
According to them, by 2020, about 7.7-7.8 billion people will live in the world, and in the future it will only increase.
According to forecasts, by 2030 there will be more than 8.463 billion people on the planet, and by 2050 - already 9.568 billion. In 2100, the population of the Earth can reach 11 billion.
The population of the countries of the world does not belong to constant indicators: somewhere it grows, and in some countries it falls catastrophically. There are many reasons for this - economic, political, social, pressure from other powers. As practice shows, people are constantly looking for a place to live with clean air, developed infrastructure, and social guarantees. Natural growth and decline also affect - the ratio of mortality and fertility, life expectancy, and other significant factors. Previously, experts predicted that the number of people on the globe would certainly exceed critical levels and become uncontrollable. Today's realities show that this is not entirely true.
The population in the world is generally estimated, by continents and superpowers, there are exceptions - the European Union, which unites states with different levels of economy and demography. We should not forget the migration processes activated as a result of military conflicts, as the events in Yugoslavia and Syria have shown. Moreover, the development of the economy does not always accompany an increase in the number of people living in the country, and vice versa, which is proved by the example of India or individual African countries. But first things first. Consider the largest population in the world by country, according to official statistics.
The largest countries by population
Leader in population China- there, according to sociologists, almost 1.4 billion people are concentrated.
In second place India: Indians, compared with the Chinese, are less than 40 million (1.36 billion). These are the countries with the largest population in the world, followed by other numbers - hundreds of millions or less.
The third place is rightfully occupied by USA. There are 328.8 million Americans in the world. After a developed and wealthy America, states that are not similar to each other are breaking forward. These are Indonesia (266.4 million), Brazil (212.9), Pakistan (200.7), Nigeria (196.8), Bangladesh (166.7), Russian Federation (143.3). Closes the top ten Mexico - "only" 131.8 million.
The second ten is opened by island Japan, it is inhabited by 125.7 million citizens. The next participant in the world population ranking is distant Ethiopia (106.9 million). Egypt and Vietnam are not similar in any way, except for the number of citizens living there - respectively 97 and 96.4 million people (14th and 15th place). The Congo has 84.8 million inhabitants, Iran (17th position) and Turkey (18th) have almost the same number of citizens - 81.8 and 81.1 million.
After a prosperous Germany with its 80.6 million law-abiding burghers, another decline is observed in exactly 20: 68.4 million Thais have accumulated in Thailand. Then begins the combined hodgepodge, interspersed with developed European states.
Among other players, the Netherlands (17.1 million), Belgium (81 positions, 11.5 million people) are in 68th place. In total, there are 201 states in the list in the ranking by population of the countries of the world, if viewed in descending order, including the Virgin Islands, which are under the protectorate of the United States (106.7 thousand people).
How many people live on earth
In 2017, the world population was 7.58 billion. At the same time, 148.78 were born, and 58.62 million people died. 54% of the total population lived in cities, and 46%, respectively, in towns and villages. The world population for 2018 was 7.66 billion with a natural increase of 79.36 million. The data is not final, because the year is not over yet.
Traditionally, the "inflow" is provided by states with a low standard of living, which are leaders in the ranking of the world's largest countries in terms of population - China and India. If we take statistics for long periods, it is easy to see that a smooth increase in 1960-1970 (up to 2% annually) gave way to a decline until 1980. Then there was a sharp jump (more than 2%) in the late eighties, after which the rate of increase in numbers began to decline. In 2016, the growth rate was about 1.2%, and now the number of people living on Earth is slowly but surely increasing.
TOP 10 countries with the largest population
Statistics refers to the exact sciences and allows, with minimal errors, to determine fluctuations in the number of citizens permanently residing in a given territory, to make a forecast for the future. Online counters and surveys are designed to take into account any changes as impartially as possible, but they are not without sin.
For example, the UN Secretariat estimated the population of the countries of the world in the past year at 7.528 billion people (06/01/2017), the US Census Bureau operates with an indicator of 7.444 billion (01/01/2018), the independent fund DSW (Germany) believes that as of 01.01. In 2018, there were 7.635 billion inhabitants on the planet. Which number of the 3 given to choose, everyone decides for himself.
Population of the countries of the world in descending order (table)
The population of the countries of the world in 2020 is distributed unevenly among individual states, in accordance with other factors - mortality, fertility, total life expectancy. It is easy to track how the population of the countries of the world changed in 2020 using the following indicators from the table (according to Wikipedia):
Japan and Mexico "fight" for the 10th place, statistical counters place them in the ranking in different ways. In total, there are about 200 hundred participants in the list. Toward the end are island states and protectorates with conditional independence. There is also the Vatican. But their participation in the growth of the population of the countries of the world for 2020 is small - fractions of a percent.
Rating forecast
According to analysts' calculations, in the future, the number of inhabitants of the largest, as well as the dwarf countries of the world, will not change on a global scale: the growth rate for 2020 is determined at about 252 million 487 thousand people. Global changes, according to the tabular characteristics of the population of the countries of the world in 2020, do not threaten any of the states.
The last serious fluctuations, according to the UN, were noted in 1970 and 1986, when the growth reached 2-2.2% per year. After the onset of 2000, demographics show a smooth decline with a small surge in 2016.
The population of European countries
Europe and the union formed in it are going through hard times: the crisis, the influx of refugees from other states, currency fluctuations. These factors inevitably affect the population for 2020 in the EU countries, being an indicator of political and economic processes.
Germany demonstrates enviable stability: 80.560 million citizens live in it, in 2017 there were 80.636 of them, in 2019 there will be 80.475 million. The French Republic and the British Empire have similar figures - 65.206 and 65.913 million. Last year they were at the same level (65), next year in the UK they expect an increase to 66.3 million people.
The number of Italians living in their territories remains unchanged - 59 million. Neighbors have different conditions: some are worse, some are better. It is problematic to track the population of Europe and the world according to the table, because, due to open borders, many citizens move freely around the continent, living in one country and working in another.
Population of Russia
The Russian Federation, if you look at the population data among the countries of the world in descending order in 2020, is confidently in the top ten. According to one think tank, there will be 160,000 fewer Russians in 2020. Now there are 143.261 million. It is necessary to take into account the combination of regions with different densities, and there are enough of them in Russia (Siberia, the Urals, the Far East and the Far North).
Earth population density
The indicator of population density of the countries of the world does not depend on the area of the occupied territory, but indirectly affects the assessment of the situation. In close positions, there are both developed powers (Canada, the USA, Scandinavian), in which certain areas are not inhabited, and representatives of the third world with a critical standard of living. Or the microstate of Monaco, which demonstrates high density (due to the minimum area occupied by the territory).
Why is density important?
Density determines the ratio of area and population of the countries of the civilized world, as well as other states. It is not identical to the number or standard of living, but characterizes the development of infrastructure.
There are no clearly defined territories with "normalized" density. More often, a situation with an abrupt change from a metropolis to a suburb or across climatic regions is observed. In fact, this is the ratio of the number of people to the area on which they permanently live. Even in the largest countries in the world in terms of population (China and India), there are sparsely populated (mountainous) areas adjacent to densely populated ones.
Countries with the highest and lowest population densities
As in every ranking, there are leaders and outsiders. Density is not tied to the number of settlements, the number of citizens living there, or the rating of the country. An example of this is densely populated Bangladesh, an agrarian power with an economy dependent on developed countries, where there are no more than 5 megacities with a population of a million people.
Therefore, the list includes polar players in terms of economic indicators. Among the states of Europe and the world, the Principality of Monaco occupies the first place: 37.7 thousand people in an area of 2 square kilometers. In Singapore, with a population of 5 million, the density is 7,389 people per square kilometer. The Vatican, with its specific administrative division, can hardly be called a state, but it is also on the list. Steppe Mongolia is the least populated, completing the list: 2 inhabitants per unit area.
Table: population, area, density
The tabular form of estimating the population by countries of the world is accepted as illustrative and accessible for perception. Positions are distributed as follows:
There are 195 countries on the list in total. Belgium - 24 positions, after Haiti (341 inhabitants per square kilometer), Great Britain - 34 (255).
Russia population density
The Russian Federation ranks 181, behind neighboring Ukraine (100) and Belarus (126). Russia has a density of 8.56, while other Slavic states have 74 (Ukraine) and 46 (Belarus). At the same time, in terms of the territory occupied by the Russian Federation, it is far ahead of both powers.
How many people have lived on earth or even been born at all is an intriguing question that can be justified, at least in part, on a scientific basis.
In order to evaluate and for it to be true, one must understand that childbirth, the survival of infants both at the beginning of the 20th century and now in the 21st century are not the same as they were in the past.
It is known that a large number of elderly people born in the middle of the last century are now living.
However, the number of prehistoric people or how many people lived on earth with a high degree of probability can be determined.
How many people have ever lived on earth?
| Number of people on Earth | Births per 1000 people | Estimated births | |
| 50,000 BC | 2000 | – | – |
| 8000 BC | 5 000 000 | 80 | 1137 789769 |
| 1 AD | 300 000 000 | 80 | 46025332354 |
| 1200 | 450 000 000 | 60 | 26591343000 |
| 1650 | 500 000 000 | 60 | 12782002453 |
| 1750 | 795 000 000 | 50 | 3171931513 |
| 1850 | 1 265 000 000 | 40 | 4046240009 |
| 1900 | 1 656 000 000 | 40 | 2900237856 |
| 1950 | 2 516 000 000 | 31-38 | 3390198215 |
| 1995 | 5 760 000 000 | 31 | 5427305000 |
| 2011 | 7 000 000 000 | 20 | 2143327599 |
| How many people were | 107 615 707,768 | ||
| October 31, 2011 The UN announced: the population of the Earth | |||
| Percentage of those ever born who live in 2019 | 6,5 % | ||
Any estimate of the total number of people who have ever been born will mainly depend on two factors: the length of time people have lived on Earth and the average size of the human population at different periods.
Fixing the time when humanity actually came into existence is not a simple matter. Various ancestors of Homo sapiens ( Homo sapiens) appear to have appeared at least 700,000 years ago with brains as large as 900 cm 3 . Of course, great apes walked the earth already several million years ago.
Growth rate of world population
According to the United Nations, the determinants for the consequences of demographic trends in modern Homo sapiens appeared around 50,000 BC. This long period of 50,000 years is the key to the question of how many people have lived on earth.
At the dawn of agriculture around 8000 BC, the world's population was somewhere in the order of 5 million. Slow population growth over a period from about 5 million to 300 million per year. 8000 years have been very low growth - only 0.0512 percent per year. In different regions, the number was different and deviated as a reaction to the vagaries of nature, military operations, changes in weather and climatic conditions, hunger.
In any case, people's lives were short and probably average life expectancy has been around 10 years for most of human history. An estimate of the average life expectancy in Iron Age France was, for example, according to scientists, only 10-12 years. Under these conditions, a birth rate of about 80 per 1000 people is determined just to survive. Today, a high birth rate of about 45-50 per 1000 population is observed only in a few countries in Africa and in a few countries in the Middle East with a young population.
The birth rate assumption significantly affects the estimate of the number of people how many people lived in total on earth. Infant mortality in early human history is thought to have been very high - perhaps 500 deaths per 1,000 births or even higher. Children were probably a liability among hunter-gatherer societies and the fact that this most likely led to the practice of infanticide. Under these circumstances, a disproportionate number of births would be required to support the growth of the world's population, and this would raise the estimated number of "how many people lived on earth".
Until the 1st century BC, the world may have consisted of 300 million people. According to one estimate of the population of the Roman Empire from Spain to Asia Minor - 45 million.
In 1650, the world's population had grown to about 500 million, a slight increase since the 1st century BC. The average annual growth rate of the earth's population in the Middle Ages was actually lower than BC. One of the reasons for this abnormally slow growth was the Black Death. This terrible plague was not limited to 14th century Europe. The epidemic began around 542 in Western Asia and spread slowly from there. It is believed that half of the Byzantine Empire was destroyed in the 6th century, with a total of 100 million deaths. Such large fluctuations in population greatly exacerbate the difficulty of estimating the number of people who have ever lived. Diseases did not lead to natural.
By 1800, however, the world's population had passed the 1 billion mark and has continued to rise since then to the current UN number on October 31, 2011 of 7 billion.
How many people lived on earth in total requires choosing a time interval from antiquity to the present and applying the number of births for each period.
What determines the growth rate of the number of people on Earth
One of the complicating factors in the number of people is the growth rate of the world's population. Do they rise from a certain level and then change dramatically in response to hunger and climate change? Or do they grow at a constant rate from one point in time to another? Scientists cannot know the answers to these questions, although paleontologists have produced a number of theories. To support this hypothesis, constant growth was assumed to apply to every period up to the present. Birth rates were set at 80 per 1000 per year BC. and 60 per 1000 in the Middle Ages. The birth rate then declined in the middle of the last century to below 40 per 1,000 people and even lower in the modern period. The truth is growing.
This semi-scientific approach gives an estimate of about 108 billion births at the dawn of the human race.
Obviously, the period 8000 BC. BC. is the key to the extent of the definition, but unfortunately little is known about that era. Some aspects, or perhaps almost all aspects, are conjectures and one approach to this question is not achievable. The conditions of the constant growth of the earth's population in an earlier period may underestimate the number at that time. And, of course, timing the evolutionary consequences of humanity on the planet about 50,000 years ago is also probabilistic.
Thus, the estimate is determined that about 6.5% of all people ever born are alive today. This is actually quite a large percentage with such an "old" Earth.
According to the PWC Global Economy Watch - 2020 Predictions study, in 2020 the world population will reach 7.7 billion people, which is 10% more than in 2010, reports Știri.md with reference to stirileprotv.ro.
According to the source, China, India and sub-Saharan Africa will account for about half of the world's annual population growth.
At the same time, the number of people over 60 will exceed one billion this year.
More than 30 billion people will live in the world's 30 largest cities, with Tokyo the world's largest city by population, followed by Delhi and Shanghai.
Tokyo is currently the most populous city in the world with 30 million inhabitants. New York - the most famous American city - is also one of the ten most populous cities in the world with a population of 8.5 million people.
But things will change significantly in the next three decades. As population growth in the US and Europe has slowed, the number of people living in the Middle East, Asia and Africa has increased dramatically in recent years.
Under these conditions, the ranking of the largest cities in the world will change radically by 2050. According to the UN World Urban Outlook, the ten most populous cities in the world will look like this:10. Mexico City, Mexico - 23.9 million inhabitants
9. Lagos, Nigeria - 24.2 million inhabitants
8. Cairo, Egypt - 24.5 million inhabitants
7. Karachi, Pakistan - 24.8 million inhabitants
6. Dhaka, Bangladesh - 27.4 million inhabitants
5. Beijing, China - 27.7 million inhabitants
4. Mumbai, India - 27.8 million inhabitants
3. Shanghai, China - 30.8 million inhabitants
2. Delhi, India - 36.1 million inhabitants
1. Tokyo, Japan - 37.2 million inhabitants
Projections show that by 2075, Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo will be the most populous city in the world, and by 2100 it will be surpassed by Laos, Nigeria, with 88 million inhabitants.
A world ruled by megacities. Over-urbanization and population growth will lead to competition for resources
Another PwC report, "Megatrends and their implications for global defense and security," published two years ago, concluded that accelerating urbanization could mean that the combined power of a megacity will rival that of national governments.
“The explosion of urbanization will create extraordinary challenges for the judicial and police systems, for intelligence and homeland security agencies, and for traditional defense organizations. Ensuring adequate police and security forces for these areas will be costly and will require higher levels of interagency cooperation and information sharing,” the report says.
Demographic change means that with the aging of the Western population, the demand for social and health services will put a lot of pressure on budgetary priorities, which could lead to competition or even lower defense and security spending.
On the contrary, the growth of the young population in developing countries can lead to increased radicalization and popular uprisings, as well as a greater likelihood of transnational disruptive movements infiltrating these societies. This will create both internal and external security challenges, requiring large investments and innovative counter-strategies.
“The rise in technology offers exciting opportunities to advance higher automation in analytics and communications systems. But at the same time, it creates new vulnerabilities that will put pressure on police, security systems and defense organizations on an unprecedented scale. The combination of the Internet, mobile devices, data analytics, drones, artificial intelligence and cloud computing will allow security and defense organizations to develop their ability to counter and respond to these threats using the same commercially available tools. The challenge for security and defense organizations is to develop and adapt these technologies at the rate at which they are developed in private environments, and not at the rate that governments are accustomed to taking action,” the report notes.
According to PwC, climate change and the scarcity of natural resources will increase tensions between countries in terms of access to resources. “As the world's population grows, these disputes will become more acute and essential to the survival of the nation, especially in terms of securing basic resources such as food, water and energy sources. This will undoubtedly lead to regional and even global conflicts over water, oil, access to areas with high wind potential, fishing, hunting and mineral resources, the cited document states.
