Lev Davidovich Landau was born on January 22, 1908 in Baku, his mother was a doctor, and his father was a petroleum engineer. Landau was a very gifted child with a penchant for the exact sciences. Already at the age of 14, he entered Baku University, immediately into two faculties - chemistry and physics and mathematics. From chemistry, however, he soon abandoned.

Landau made his first important contribution to the development of physics at the age of 19, after graduating from the Physics Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Leningrad University.

He introduced the concept of density matrix as a method for a complete quantum mechanical description of systems that are part of a larger system. This concept has become fundamental in quantum statistics.

Landau spent the next few years on business trips to other countries, where he continued to study. He met Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg and other physicists, both already famous and young, but outstanding.

In the 1930s, Landau headed the theoretical department of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology in Kharkov, headed the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics of the Kharkov Mechanical Engineering Institute (now the Kharkov Polytechnic Institute). In the same period, he began to live with Concordia (Kora) Drobantseva, a graduate of the Faculty of Chemistry, with whom he was in an open relationship. The marriage between Landau and Drobantseva was registered only in 1946, before the birth of her son.

After Landau's death, Cora began work on a memoir dedicated to her life with her husband. After the book was published, it caused a scandal in the academic community - scientists were shocked and outraged by the details of the personal lives of the great minds of the USSR described in it. In particular, she described the numerous adventures of Landau himself.

“Korushka, horror! I screwed up the girl. Imagine a very pretty girl.

The style of the dress promised a lot and she pressed herself so culturally, reached into her bosom - and there was nothing. Not that little, but simply zero. Well, I ran away from her like a frog, without even saying goodbye. And now I'm pissed!"

She gave examples of his stories.

Despite his love for women, he did not consider it necessary to help them realize themselves in physics - for example, once he refused to take a student of his former student of physics to graduate school.

After his dismissal from Kharkov University in 1937, Landau, at the invitation of the physicist Peter, moved to Moscow, becoming head of the theoretical department of the Institute of Physical Problems.

In 1938, Landau was arrested for anti-Soviet views - he participated in writing a leaflet calling for the overthrow of the Stalinist regime.

In it, Stalin was called a fascist dictator, in "his rabid hatred of real socialism" equaled Hitler and Mussolini.

He was released from prison a year later thanks to a letter in his defense from Niels Bohr and a guarantee from Kapitsa. He wrote to Beria that “Landau will not conduct any counter-revolutionary activities at my institute, and I will take all measures in my power to ensure that he does not conduct any counter-revolutionary work outside the institute” and promised in the event of anti-Soviet statements from Landau report to the NKVD. Landau was rehabilitated only in 1990.

Landau's views, however, did not change.

“I am a free-thinking person, and they are miserable lackeys. First of all, I feel superior,

- he later declared in relation to other scientists.

“If it were not for the fifth point, that is, nationality, I would not be doing special work, but only physics, a science that I am now lagging behind. The special work I'm doing gives me some kind of power... I've been reduced to the level of a "learned slave," and that determines everything," Landau lamented about the need to carry out government assignments.

From 1945 to 1953, Landau participated in the Soviet Atomic Project and was awarded three Stalin Prizes, the Order of Lenin and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for this. From 1955 until the end of his life he taught at the Department of Quantum Theory and Electrodynamics of the Faculty of Physics.

The idea of ​​the famous "Landau and Lifshitz Course in Theoretical Physics" came to Landau back in the 1920s, while studying at Leningrad University.

He worked on it together with the physicist Matvey Bronstein, who was shot in 1938. In 1935-1938, a manuscript devoted to mechanics, statistics, and electrodynamics was published, co-authored by Landau's graduate students Leonid Pyatigorsky and Evgeny Lifshits. “Landafshitz” was the Soviet name for the book and is still called by Russian physics students.

Lifshitz wrote about Landau: “He told how he was shocked by the incredible beauty of the general theory of relativity ... He also talked about the state of ecstasy that led him to study the articles by Heisenberg and Schrödinger, which marked the birth of a new quantum mechanics. He said that they gave him not only the enjoyment of true scientific beauty, but also a keen sense of the power of human genius, the greatest triumph of which is that a person is able to understand things that he can no longer imagine. And, of course, this is precisely the curvature of space-time and the uncertainty principle.

Also in 1935, the book “Problems in Theoretical Physics. Part I. Mechanics”, written in collaboration with Lifshitz and physicist Lev Rozenkevich. The subsequent parts of the problem book did not come out because of the execution of Rozenkevich.

Over the next nearly 30 years, seven out of ten volumes of the course were produced. After Landau was injured in a car accident, Lifshitz also collaborated with other physicists.

"A tragic fate fell to his lot - to die twice,

Lifshitz wrote about Landau in the afterword of the second volume of the course. “The first time it happened was six years ago, on January 7, 1962, when on the highway, on the road from Moscow to Dubna, a passenger car collided with an oncoming truck.”

The dump truck demolished the door of the Volga in which Landau was riding. After the impact, the unconscious physicist fell onto the road.

“Yes, Dau received a complex of multiple injuries, each of which could lead to death: a fracture of seven ribs that tore the lungs; multiple hemorrhages in soft tissues and, as it turned out much later, in the retroperitoneal space with sweating into the abdominal cavity; extensive fractures of the pelvic bones with separation of the wing of the pelvis, displacement of the pubic bones; retroperitoneal hematoma - Dow's concave abdomen turned into a huge black blister.

But the doctors in those days said that all these terrible injuries were just scratches compared to a head injury!

Cora wrote.

Not only doctors fought for the scientist's life. One of the foreign publishers of his works, having learned about the incident, flew to Moscow with the necessary medicines. The students got hold of an artificial respiration apparatus and oxygen cylinders. Landau was in a coma for almost two months, but still survived.

In the same year, Landau received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for pioneering research in the theory of condensed matter, especially liquid helium."

After the accident, Landau retired from physics. Over the following years, he relatively recovered his health, but he still had difficulty walking and suffered from stomach pains. In March 1968, Landau's condition worsened. The pains sharply increased, the stomach was swollen, on March 25 severe vomiting appeared. Landau was hospitalized with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction.

He was operated on at night. The next day, Landau felt better than the doctors expected. But over the following days, his condition repeatedly worsened, then improved again.

Landau died on April 1, 1968 due to thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels. A few hours before his death, he said: “Nevertheless, I lived my life well. I have always succeeded!"

Thanks to Landau, an outstanding school of theoretical physicists was created, many of whom contributed to the development of physics hardly less than Landau himself. Several dozen physical theories bear his name.

theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate in 1962. 1908–1968

Born into a Jewish family of oil engineer David Lvovich Landau and his wife Lyubov Veniaminovna in Baku on January 22, 1908. From 1916 he studied at the Baku Jewish Gymnasium, where his mother was a natural science teacher.

At the age of fourteen he entered Baku University, where he studied simultaneously at two faculties: physics and mathematics and chemistry. For special successes he was transferred to Leningrad University. After graduating from the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Leningrad University in 1927, Landau became a graduate student, and later an employee of the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology, in 1926–1927 he published the first works on theoretical physics.

In 1927 he was sent to Denmark to Bor, to England and Switzerland. There he worked with leading theoretical physicists, and since then Niels Bohr considered his only teacher.

In 1932 he headed the theoretical department of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology in Kharkov. In 1934 he received a doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences before defending his dissertation. In 1937–1938, during the Great Terror, the first director of the institute, I.V. Obreimov, the second director A.I. Leipunsky and many employees of the institute were arrested. Foreign specialists A. Weisberg and F. Houtermans are arrested; in August-September 1937, physicists L.V. Rozenkevich (co-author Landau), L.V. Shubnikov, V.S. Gorsky. By that time, in February 1937, Landau accepted an invitation from Pyotr Kapitsa to take the position of head of the theoretical department of the newly built Institute for Physical Problems (IPP) and moved to Moscow.

In April 1938, Landau in Moscow edited M.A. Korets a leaflet calling for the overthrow of the Stalinist regime, in which Stalin is called a fascist dictator. The text of the leaflet was handed over to the anti-Stalinist group of IFLI students for distribution by mail before the May Day holidays. This intention was revealed by the USSR state security organs, and Landau, Korets and Rumer were arrested on the morning of April 28 for anti-Soviet agitation. On May 3, 1938, Landau was excluded from the list of employees of the IFP. Landau spent a year in prison and was released thanks to a letter in defense of Niels Bohr and the intervention of Kapitsa, who took Landau "on bail". After his release, until his death in 1968, Landau was an employee of the IFP. In 1955, Landau signed the Letter of Three Hundred against Lysenkoism.

Academician Landau is considered a legendary figure in the history of Russian and world science. Quantum mechanics, solid state physics, magnetism, low temperature physics, cosmic ray physics, hydrodynamics, quantum field theory, atomic nucleus and elementary particle physics, plasma physics - this is not a complete list of areas that attracted Landau's attention at different times. It was said about him that in "the huge building of physics of the 20th century there were no locked doors for him."

In 1926 he published his first work on the intensity of the spectra of diatomic molecules. In 1927, he first introduced the concept of the density matrix. In 1930, he created the theory of electronic diamagnetism of metals (Landau diamagnetism), where he calculated discrete levels of electrons in a magnetic field (Landau levels) and predicted periodic changes in susceptibility depending on the field in strong fields (De Haas - van Alphen effect). In 1933, he first proposed the theory of antiferromagnetism. In 1935, together with Lifshitz, he developed the theory of the domain structure of ferromagnets and ferromagnetic resonance. In 1936, Landau's work on the kinetic equation for electron plasma was published. In 1937 he built a general theory of phase transitions of the second kind. In the same year he published the theory of the intermediate state of superconductors and the statistical theory of nuclei.

In 1938, together with Yu.B. Rumer developed the cascade theory of electron showers in cosmic rays. In 1941 he created the theory of superfluidity of liquid helium. In 1945 he proposed the theory of shock waves at a great distance from the source, and in 1946 the theory of electron plasma oscillations and, in particular, determined their damping (Landau damping). In 1950, together with V.L. Ginzburg built a semi-phenomenological theory of superconductivity. In 1953 he published the theory of multiple particle production in collisions of high-energy particles. In 1954–1955, together with A.A. Abrikosov, I.M. Khalatnikov and I.Ya. Pomeranchuk conducted research on the foundations of quantum electrodynamics, which led to the proof of its internal inconsistency with the consistent implementation of the concept of point charges. In 1956 he introduced the concept of combined parity. He built the theory of the two-component neutrino (1957), and in 1956–1958, the theory of the Fermi liquid. In 1940-1965 he published together with E.M. Lifshitz fundamental course of theoretical physics.

In 1962, L.D. Landau won the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his pioneering work in the theory of condensed matter, especially liquid helium." Awarded 1 November 1962. The Nobel Prize medal, diploma and check were presented to Landau on December 10 (for the first time in the history of the Nobel Prizes, the awarding took place in a hospital).

Landau was a laureate of the Max Planck Medal (1960), the Fritz London Prize (1960), the Lenin Prize (1962) and three Stalin Prizes (1946, 1949, 1953), Hero of Socialist Labor (1954). He was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1962.

He was a foreign member of the Royal Society of London (1960), the US National Academy of Sciences (1960), the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences (1951), the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (1956), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1960), the French Physical Society and London Physical Society.

Landau created a numerous school of theoretical physicists. Among his students are E.M. Lifshitz, A.A. Abrikosov, L.P. Gorkov, I.E. Dzyaloshinskiy, I.M. Lifshits, I.Ya. Pomeranchuk, I.M. Khalatnikov, A.F. Andreev, A.I. Akhiezer, V.B. Berestetsky, S.S. Gershtein, B.L. Ioffe, Yu.M. Kagan, V.G. Levich, L.A. Maksimov, A.B. Migdal, L.P. Pitaevsky, L.M. Pyatigorsky, R.Z. Sagdeev and others.

The physicists who were able to pass to Lev Davidovich (and later to his students) 9 theoretical exams, the so-called Landau theoretical minimum, were considered to be Landau's students for the most part. Mathematics was taken first, and then exams in physics. So in total: two exams in mathematics, mechanics, field theory, quantum mechanics, statistical physics, continuum mechanics, continuum electrodynamics, quantum electrodynamics. Landau demanded from his students knowledge of the foundations of all branches of theoretical physics.

After the war, it was best to use Landau and Lifshitz's theoretical physics course to prepare for exams, but the first students took exams on Landau's lectures or on handwritten notes. Together with E.M. Lifshitz was the initiator of the fundamental classical course in theoretical physics, which has gone through multiple editions and has been published in 20 languages.

The Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences is named after Landau.

Fascinated by science, Landau made a vow to himself never "smoke, drink and never get married." But he met a graduate of the Faculty of Chemistry Concordia (Kora) Drobantseva, who divorced her first husband. She swore that she would not be jealous of other women, and from 1934 they lived together in an actual marriage. Landau believed that lies and jealousy destroy marriage most of all, and therefore they entered into a “non-aggression pact in married life,” which gave relative freedom to both spouses in novels on the side. The official marriage was concluded between them on July 5, 1946, a few days before the birth of their son Igor.

Landau's formula for happiness: love, work and communication with people.

On January 7, 1962, on the way from Moscow to Dubna, Landau got into a car accident. As a result of serious injuries, he was in a coma for 59 days. Physicists from all over the world took part in saving Landau's life. A round-the-clock duty was organized in the hospital. The missing medicines were delivered by aircraft from Europe and the United States. As a result of these measures, Landau's life was saved, despite very serious injuries. After the accident, Landau practically ceased to engage in scientific activities.

List of works by L. D. Landau

(the number in the list of works coincides with the number of the article in the “Collection of Works” by L. D. Landau (M .: Nauka, 1969)

On the theory of spectra of diatomic molecules // Zeitschr. Phys. 1926. Bd. 40. S. 621.

The damping problem in wave mechanics // Zeitschr. Phys. 1927. Bd. 45. S. 430.

Quantum electrodynamics in configuration space // Zeitschr. Phys. 1930. Bd. 62. S. 188. (Jointly with R. Peierls.)

Diamagnetism of metals // Zeitschr. Phys. 1930. Bd. 64. S. 629.

Extension of the uncertainty principle to relativistic quantum theory // Zeitschr. Phys. 1931. Bd. 69. S. 56. (Jointly with R. Peierls.)

On the theory of energy transfer in collisions. I // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1932. Bd. 1. S. 88.

On the theory of energy transfer in collisions. II // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1932. Bd. 2. S. 46.

On the theory of stars // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1932. Bd. 1. S. 285.

On the motion of electrons in a crystal lattice// Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1933. Bd. 3. S. 664.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Universe // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1933. Bd. 4. S. 114. (Jointly with A. Bronstein.)

Possible explanation of the dependence of the susceptibility on the field at low temperatures // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1933. Bd. 4. S. 675.

Internal temperature of stars // Nature. 1933. V. 132. P. 567. (Jointly with G. Gamow.)

Structure of an unshifted scattering line, Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1934. Bd. 5. S. 172. (Together with G. Placzek.)

On the theory of slowing down of fast electrons by radiation // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1934. Bd. 5. S. 761; ZhETF. 1935. V. 5. S. 255.

On the formation of electrons and positrons in the collision of two particles // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1934. Bd. 6. S. 244. (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz.)

On the theory of heat capacity anomalies // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1935. Bd. 8. S. 113.

On the theory of dispersion of the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic bodies // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1935. Bd. 8. S. 153. (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz.)

On relativistic corrections to the Schrödinger equation in the many-body problem // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1935. Bd. 8. S. 487.

On the theory of accommodation coefficient // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1935. Bd. 8. S. 489.

On the theory of photoelectromotive force in semiconductors // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1936. Bd. 9. S. 477. (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz.)

On the theory of sound dispersion // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1936. Bd. 10. S. 34. (Jointly with E. Teller.)

On the theory of monomolecular reactions // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1936. Bd. 10. S. 67.

Kinetic equation in the case of Coulomb interaction // ZhETF. 1937. T. 7. S. 203; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1936. Bd. 10. S. 154.

On the properties of metals at very low temperatures // ZhETF. 1937. T. 7. S. 379; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1936. Bd. 10. S. 649. (Jointly with I. Ya. Pomeranchuk.)

Scattering of light by light // Nature. 1936. V. 138. R. 206. (Jointly with A. I. Akhiezer and I. Ya. Pomeranchuk.)

On the sources of stellar energy // DAN SSSR. 1937. T. 17. S. 301; Nature. 1938. V. 141. R. 333.

On the absorption of sound in solids // Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1937. Bd. 11. S. 18. (Jointly with Yu. B. Rumer.)

On the theory of phase transitions. I // JETP. 1937. T. 7. S. 19; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1937. Bd. 7. S. 19.

On the theory of phase transitions. II // ZhETF. 1937. Vol. 7. S. 627; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1937. Bd. 11. S. 545.

On the theory of superconductivity // ZhETF. 1937. T. 7. S. 371; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1937. Bd. 7. S. 371.

On the statistical theory of nuclei // ZhETF. 1937. T. 7. S. 819; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1937. Bd. 11. S. 556.

Scattering of X-rays by crystals near the Curie point // ZhETF. 1937. Vol. 7. S. 1232; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1937. Bd. 12. S. 123.

Scattering of x-rays by crystals with variable structure // ZhETF. 1937. Vol. 7. S. 1227; Phys. Zeitschr. sow. 1937. Bd. 12. S. 579.

Formation of showers by heavy particles // Nature. 1937. V. 140. P. 682. (Jointly with Yu. B. Rumer.)

Stability of neon and carbon in relation to? - decay // Phys. Rev. 1937. V. 52. P. 1251.

Cascade theory of electron showers // Proc. Roy. soc. 1938. V. A166. P. 213. (Together with Yu. B. Rumer.)

On the de Haas-van Alphen effect // Proc. Roy. soc. 1939. V. A170. P. 363. Appendix to the article by D. Schoenberg.

On the polarization of electrons during scattering // DAN SSSR. 1940. T. 26. S. 436; Phys. Rev. 1940. V. 57. P. 548.

On the "radius" of elementary particles // ZhETF. 1940. T. 10. S. 718; J Phys. USSR. 1940. V. 2. P. 485.

On the scattering of mesotrons by "nuclear forces" // ZhETF. 1940. T. 10. S. 721; J Phys. USSR. 1940. V. 2. P. 483.

Angular distribution of particles in showers // ZhETF. 1940. T. 10. S. 1007; J Phys. USSR. 1940. V. 3. P. 237.

On the theory of secondary showers // ZhETF. 1941. T. 11. S. 32; J Phys. USSR. 1941. V. 4. P. 375.

On light scattering by mesotrons // ZhETF. 1941. T. 11. S. 35; J Phys. USSR. 1941. V. 4. P. 455. (Jointly with Ya. A. Smorodinsky.)

Theory of superfluidity of helium II // ZhETF. 1941. T. 11. S. 592; J Phys. USSR. 1941. V. 5. P. 71.

Theory of stability of strongly charged lyophobic sols and adhesion of strongly charged particles in electrolyte solutions // ZhETF. 1941. T. 11. S. 802; ZhETF. 1945. T. 15. S. 663; Acta phys.-chim. USSR. 1941. V. 14. P. 633. (Jointly with B. V. Deryagin.)

Fluid entrainment by a moving plate // Acta phys.-chim. USSR. 1942. V. 17. P. 42. (Jointly with V. G. Levich.)

On the theory of the intermediate state of superconductors // ZhETF. 1943. T. 13. S. 377; J Phys. USSR. 1943. V. 7. P. 99.

On the relationship between liquid and gaseous states in metals // Acta phys.-chim. USSR. 1943. V. 18. P. 194 (Jointly with Ya. B. Zeldovich.)

On one new exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equations // DAN SSSR. 1944. T. 43. S. 299.

On the problem of turbulence // DAN SSSR. 1944. T. 44. S. 339.

On the hydrodynamics of helium II // ZhETF. 1944. T. 14. S. 112; J Phys. USSR. 1944. V. 8. P. 1.

On the theory of slow combustion // ZhETF. 1944. T. 14. S. 240; Acta phys.-chim. USSR. 1944. V. 19. P. 77.

Scattering of protons by protons // ZhETF. 1944. T. 14. S. 269; J Phys. USSR. 1944. V. 8. P. 154. (Jointly with Ya. A. Smorodinsky.)

On energy losses by fast particles for ionization // J. Phys. USSR. 1944. V. 8. P. 201.

On the study of detonation of condensed explosives // DAN SSSR. 1945. V. 46. S. 399. (Jointly with K. P. Stanyukovich.)

Determination of the outflow velocity of detonation products of some gas mixtures // DAN SSSR. 1945. V. 47. P. 205. (Jointly with K. P. Stanyukovich.)

Determination of the outflow rate of detonation products of condensed explosives // DAN SSSR. 1945. V. 47. P. 273. (Jointly with K. P. Stanyukovich.)

On shock waves at long distances from their place of origin, Prikl. mathematics and mechanics. 1945. T. 9. S. 286; J Phys. USSR. 1945. V. 9. P. 496.

On Oscillations of Electron Plasma // ZhETF. 1946. T. 16. S. 574; J Phys. USSR. 1946. V. 10. P. 27.

On the thermodynamics of photoluminescence // J. Phys. USSR. 1946. V. 10. P. 503.

On the theory of superfluidity of helium II // J. Phys. USSR. 1946. V. 11. P. 91.

On the motion of foreign particles in helium II // DAN SSSR. 1948. V. 59. S. 669. (Jointly with I. Ya. Pomeranchuk.)

On the moment of a system of two photons // DAN SSSR. 1948. T. 60. S. 207.

On the theory of superfluidity // DAN SSSR. 1948. T. 61. S. 253; Phys. Rev. 1949. V. 75. P. 884.

Polaron effective mass // ZhETF. 1948. T. 18. P. 419. (Jointly with S. I. Pekar.)

Deuteron splitting in collisions with heavy nuclei // ZhETF. 1948. V. 18. P. 750. (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz.)

Theory of Helium Viscosity II. 1. Collisions of elementary excitations in helium II // ZhETF. 1949. T. 19. P. 637. (Jointly with I. M. Khalatnikov.)

Theory of Helium Viscosity II. 2. Calculation of the viscosity coefficient // ZhETF. 1949. T. 19. S. 709. (Jointly with I. M. Khalatnikov.)

On the interaction between an electron and a positron // ZhETF. 1949. V. 19. S. 673. (Jointly with V. B. Berestetsky.)

On the equilibrium form of crystals // Collection dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Academician A.F. Ioffe. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1950. S. 44.

On the theory of superconductivity // ZhETF. 1950. V. 20. S. 1064. (Jointly with V. L. Ginzburg.)

On the Multiple Formation of Particles in Collisions of Fast Particles, Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ser. physical 1953. T. 17. S. 54.

Limits of applicability of the theory of electron bremsstrahlung and pair formation at high energies // DAN SSSR. 1953. T. 92. S. 535. (Jointly with I. Ya. Pomeranchuk.)

Electron-avalanche processes at superhigh energies // DAN SSSR. 1953. V. 92. S. 735. (Jointly with I. Ya. Pomeranchuk.)

Radiation? - quanta in the collision of fast? - mesons with nucleons // ZhETF. 1953. T. 24. S. 505. (Jointly with I. Ya. Pomeranchuk.)

On the elimination of infinities in quantum electrodynamics // DAN SSSR. T. 95. P. 497. (Jointly with A. A. Abrikosov and I. M. Khalatnikov.)

An asymptotic expression for the Green's function of an electron in quantum electrodynamics // DAN SSSR. 1954. V. 95. P. 773. (Jointly with A. A. Abrikosov and I. M. Khalatnikov.)

Asymptotic expression for the Green's function of a photon in quantum electrodynamics // DAN SSSR. 1954. V. 95. P. 1177. (Jointly with A. A. Abrikosov and I. M. Khalatnikov.)

Electron mass in quantum electrodynamics // DAN SSSR. 1954. V. 96. P. 261. (Jointly with A. A. Abrikosov and I. M. Khalatnikov.)

On the anomalous absorption of sound near the points of a phase transition of the second kind // DAN SSSR. 1954. V. 96. P. 469. (Jointly with I. M. Khalatnikov.)

Investigation of flow features using the Euler-Tricomi equation // DAN SSSR. 1954. V. 96. P. 725. (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz.)

On Quantum Field Theory // Niels Bohr and the Development of Physics. London: Pergamon Press, 1955; Niels Bohr and the development of physics. M.: Izd-vo inostr. lit., 1955.

On point interaction in quantum electrodynamics // DAN SSSR. 1955. V. 102. S. 489. (Jointly with I. Ya. Pomeranchuk.)

Gradient transformations of Green's functions of charged particles // ZhETF. 1955. T. 29. P. 89. (Jointly with I. M. Khalatnikov.)

Hydrodynamic theory of multiple particle formation // UFN. 1955. V. 56. S. 309. (Jointly with S. Z. Belenkiy.)

On quantum field theory // Nuovo Cimento. Suppl. 1956. V. 3. P. 80. (Jointly with A. A. Abrikosov and I. M. Khalatnikov.)

Theory of the Fermi liquid // ZhETF. 1956. T. 30. S. 1058.

Oscillations of a Fermi liquid // ZhETF. 1957. T. 32. S. 59.

On conservation laws for weak interactions // ZhETF. 1957. T. 32. S. 405.

On one possibility for the polarization properties of neutrinos // ZhETF. 1957. T. 32. S. 407.

On hydrodynamic fluctuations // ZhETF. 1957. V. 32. P. 618. (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz.)

Properties of the Green's function of particles in statistics // ZhETF. 1958. T. 34. S. 262.

On the theory of the Fermi liquid // ZhETF. 1958. T. 35. S. 97.

On the possibility of formulating the theory of strongly interacting fermions // Phys. Rev. 1958. V. 111. P. 321. (Jointly with A. A. Abrikosov, A. D. Galanin, L. P. Gorkov, I. Ya. Pomeranchuk, and K. A. Ter-Martirosyan.)

Numerical methods for integrating partial differential equations using the grid method // Tr. III All-Union. mat. Congress (Moscow, June-July 1956). M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1958. Vol. 3. P. 92. (Jointly with N. N. Meiman and I. M. Khalatnikov.)

On the analytical properties of vertex parts in quantum field theory // ZhETF. 1959. T. 37. S. 62.

Low binding energies in quantum field theory // ZhETF. 1960. T. 39. S. 1856.

On fundamental problems // Theoretical physics in the 20th century: A memorial volume to W. Pauli. N.Y.; L.: Interscience, 1960; Theoretical physics of the 20th century. M.: Izd-vo inostr. lit., 1962.

LANDAU Lev Davidovich (1908-1968)

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A brief bibliographic list of works on the life and work of A. F. Losev I. Monographic studies of Tahoe-Godi A. A. Losev. M., 1997. 459 p.Isyanova L.M. Phenomenological dialectics. Art. Music. Lessons from A.F. Losev. Kyiv, 1998. 450 pp. Takho-Godi E. A. A. F. Losev: From letters to prose.

Landau's "Ten Commandments" 1. In 1927, Landau introduced the concept of a density matrix. This concept is used in quantum mechanics and statistical physics.2. If a metal is placed in a magnetic field, then the movement of electrons in the metal changes in such a way that to some extent

List of works of L. D. Landau (the number in the list of works coincides with the number of the article in the “Collected Works” of L. D. Landau (Moscow: Nauka, 1969) On the theory of spectra of diatomic molecules // Zeitschr. Phys. 1926. Bd. 40 S. 621. The damping problem in wave mechanics // Zeitschr Phys. 1927. Bd. 45. S. 430. Quantum electrodynamics in

Books by L. D. Landau Problems in Theoretical Physics: Part I, Mechanics (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz and L. V. Rozenkevich) (Kharkov: State Scientific and Technical Edition of Ukraine, 1935). Electrical Conductivity of Metals (Jointly with A. S. Kompaneets) (Kharkov, 1935). Theoretical Physics (Jointly with E. M. Lifshitz) Mechanics

Lev Davidovich LANDAU (born in 1908 - died in 1968) An outstanding Soviet theoretical physicist, founder of a scientific school, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946), professor at the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (1935–1937). ), Moscow University (1943–1947) and Moscow

Anniversary of Landau January 21, 1968 marks the 60th birthday of the famous physicist Lev Landau. Six years before that, he had been in a severe car accident, and Eduard Kandel, already familiar to us, then still a young surgeon, together with his teacher, Professor Boris Egorov, literally

Landau In 1926, during my summer vacation, I unexpectedly found myself at the camp site of the Academy of Sciences in Khibinogorsk, where I met young scientists and students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Leningrad State University. My new friend

List of published works 1. B. D. Dandaron. Description of Tibetan manuscripts and xylographs. Issue. I. M., 1960.2. B. D. DANDARON, B. V. SEMICHOV Tibetan fund of our institute. - See on Sat. “Brief Communications of the BKNII SB AS USSR”, no. 2. Ulan-Ude, 1960.3. B. D. Dandaron. Aginsky monastery-datsan.

The centenary of L. D. Landau and the seventieth anniversary of Landau-Lifshitz's Theoretical Physics Course

Expansion of work with on-board computer. Continuation of work with the Design Bureau of F.G. Staros Now let's digress somewhat from work on the "Computer" to some events related to on-board digital computers. On October 16, 1963, "Decision No.

List of published and unpublished works: 1. Byzantine army IV-XIII centuries2. Dialectical psychology. 20033. Behind the shadow of consciousness. 20034. Counter-revolution and restoration in the USSR5. Brief Marxism. 20036. The Crisis of the Global Economy and Russia. (Report IGSO).20087. political leadership. 20068.

Lev Landau- of those who are perfectly described by the saying "of the young, but early." He was born on January 22, 1908 in Baku. Then, at the beginning of the 20th century, Baku grew by leaps and bounds. Rather, on oil - at the end of the 19th century. This is where the real oil boom broke out. Lev's father David Landau was a famous oil engineer in the city. Mother Lyubov Harkavy-Landau even by today's standards, she would be perceived as an incredibly advanced person - she graduated from the Mogilev Women's Gymnasium, then the Eleninsky Midwifery Institute and, as a final chord, the Women's Medical Institute in St. Petersburg. The spouses were also actively engaged in scientific activities, published articles. So Leo simply had no other way but the scientific one. He finished school in Baku at the age of 13. At the family council, it was decided that it was too early for him to enter a serious educational institution - let him study at the Baku Economic College for now. The lion did not argue. But at the age of 14, he nevertheless entered Baku University, and two years later, in 1924, he transferred to Leningrad University to study physics. By the age of 19, he had already published four scientific papers.

The young scientist plunges headlong into the then newest field of science - quantum mechanics. Despite the fact that the country was already slowly “freezing”, Leo was allowed to travel abroad regularly, meet with outstanding scientists of that time, and work at universities in England, Germany, and Switzerland. Soon he is already in the top ten theoretical physicists of the world. Kharkov, where Landau moves to head the departments of Kharkov University, is becoming almost the scientific capital of Soviet theoretical physics.

In 1937, at the invitation Peter Kapitza he goes to Moscow to head the newly created Institute of Physical Problems. But instead of the problems of physics, he will have to solve a much more serious problem - how to stay alive after falling into the millstones of the NKVD. Landau, whose friends included almost all the physicists of the world, is accused of anti-Soviet agitation. He spent a year in prison. He was tortured. He was starving. The same Kapitsa saved him from death, reaching out to the highest Kremlin offices. He was carried out of prison in his arms.

Next time, a whole team of luminaries of world medicine will save him from death. In 1962, Landau got into a severe car accident. For six weeks he was between life and death. For six weeks, doctors from Canada, France, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR were on duty over him. Pulled out. Although for another three months, Dau (as his relatives called him) did not even recognize family members. A severe injury did not allow him to survive the moment of the greatest triumph - in 1962 he could not go to Stockholm to receive the Nobel Prize awarded to him for "fundamental theories of the condensation of matter, especially liquid helium." He will live another 6 years, but will never return to work. Apparently, by that time he had already chosen all the insights granted to him by God.

Academician Lev Landau with his son Igor. 1962 Photo: RIA Novosti

"Sunny Man"

In addition to the reputation of a brilliant physicist, Landau also had a strong reputation as a womanizer. He spoke about it publicly wife of Concordia Drobantsov, which everyone usually called Kora. Or rather, she didn’t tell, but described it in the book “How We Lived”. For a long time this book existed in the form of samizdat. And many reputable academicians tried to destroy it - they were so outraged by what was described there. “I am the wife of the great twentieth-century physicist Lev Landau,” wrote Concordia. “Our story is similar to the stories of many families during the era of the sexual revolution. The only difference is that Landau is a genius.

For 10 years now I have been writing about that happy and dramatic fate. I am writing only the truth, the only truth, I am writing for myself and I do not have the slightest hope that someday this will see the light of day. Dow was a sunny person. But after his death, he left too many mysteries and secrets. In order to unravel the most complicated tangle of our life, we had to get into obscene trifles, into the intimate aspects of our life, hidden from prying eyes and concealing so much abomination. But also charms.

According to Kora, Landau did not tolerate chaos either in science or in love. He had his own system for classifying beauties (Scientist! Theorist!). All women were divided into beautiful, pretty and interesting. There were two more classes: 4 - "Reprimand to parents" and 5 - "For repetition - execution." He could throw out two or four fingers, showing the class of a woman. He mastered all his women according to the schedule. When he had a new lover, she was given a certain day and hour, and no one could break this schedule.

He called himself a handsome man. It was important for him that the woman was good-looking and with a divine figure. The creators of the film “My Husband is a Genius” about Lev Landau say that when the scientist went for a walk around the dacha village, he carefully examined all the women he met. First of all, I looked at the figure. And it was such a sight! It was a look that not only promised a lot to the woman, but seemed to lift her off the ground.

Lev Landau with his wife Concordia in the hospital. Photocopy. 1962 Photo: RIA Novosti

In a narrow circle of acquaintances, he boasted that not a single woman left him dissatisfied. And he, who had the brightest charisma, was really idolized by ladies of all ages. Rumor has it that Landau had five bright novels. All of them took place in front of Cora - after all, in 1934, when they first met, Dau forced the beautiful Cora to conclude a “non-aggression pact in married life”, which, according to his idea, gave both spouses freedom to romance on the side. That's just enjoyed this freedom only he alone. And in letters to Kora he could write: “My God, I like Hera! She demands to be looked after. And you know, Korochka, how I don't like it. It's too long!" He did not understand why all these courtship, beautiful words, poems? If people are interested in each other, why waste time?

He knew his first woman quite late - at the age of 27, and it was the same Cora. She was also there in his last hours on this earth.

January 22 marks the 106th anniversary of the birth of the theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize winner, founder of the scientific school and genius Lev Davidovich Landau. He devoted his life to science, and also developed a formula for an ideal marriage.

Theory and practice

The student Leo, who had already studied differential and integral calculus at the age of twelve, and who graduated from school at thirteen, despite his amazing abilities and rare mind, was not given any experimental work. The "pure theorist" learned colossal amounts of information, but with difficulty applied them in practice. Classmates sincerely tried to help their friend, even ventured to go to the dean to find a way out of the situation - the brilliant young man could not pass the third laboratory work in a row. “Let him then take two mathematics courses for the Faculty of Mathematics instead,” the dean decided. Less than two weeks later, both courses were completed.

Weakness and strength

In 1937, at the invitation of Kapitza, Landau headed the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Institute for Physical Problems in Moscow. Less than a year later he was arrested and charged with spying for Germany. “I spent a year in prison, and it was clear that even for another six months I would not be enough: I was just dying,” the scientist later wrote. Kapitsa personally went to the Kremlin to petition for the release of Landau, declared that he would leave the newly created institute without a friend, and Professor Kitaygorodsky met Lev Davidovich at the door of the prison on the day of release. Later, Alexander Isaakovich recalled: “Dau could not move independently, his complexion was bluish-pale. But Dau smiled, greeted and immediately boasted: “And I learned to count tensors in my mind.”

Friendship and Justice

The fateful time spent behind bars was the result of joint work with Leonid Pyatigorsky. Being a sufficiently qualified specialist, understanding the value of the book "Mechanics" created in collaboration with Landau and knowing that the name "enemy of the people" would certainly be removed from the title page, Pyatigorsky composed a denunciation of Landau, believing that the letter would not go beyond the NKVD. The investigator handed over the letter to the accused Dau immediately after his arrest. Subsequently, Pyatigorsky came to the released Landau for forgiveness, but Lev Davidovich did not shake hands with his former colleague. He did not like to return to the sad episode in the future, strictly following the rule set for himself at the age of fourteen: "do not return, either in conversations or in thoughts, to what turned out to be unworthy of the attention of a self-respecting person."

Humor and seriousness

It would seem that what could be more serious than studying the physical sciences at the academic level? Nevertheless, Landau is well-known as a joker and inventor, including in the field of scientific humor. He himself owns the term "so says Landau", as well as the statement "sciences are natural, unnatural and unnatural." Now the followers of the theoretical physicist compose jokes in his honor. Once, while working on the next volume, out of breath, Lifshitz ran into the MIPT department and announced to Landau: “Lev Davidovich, on the way here I lost half of the sheets of proof from our new book!” To which Landau calmly replies, "But why are you so worried, Evgeny Mikhailovich? Let's write as always:" OBVIOUSLY.

Fantasies and reality

In Berlin, in 1929, Landau met Rumer. They sat together at a colloquium attended by Einstein. Dau said, "I'll go downstairs and try to talk Einstein out of unified field theory." Landau, according to him, after the seminar tried to "explain" quantum mechanics to Einstein, but to no avail. Rumer himself describes this moment as follows: “I know more about him than others. I know for sure that Landau never visited Einstein! Contrary to legend, he never met Einstein!” But Ginzburg willingly argued with this statement: "This is not true, because Landau himself told what he met." Probably, Lev Davidovich tried so hard to convince others of what had happened that in the end he convinced himself.

Love and freedom

Konkordia Terentyevna Landau, the wife of a brilliant physicist, began writing her memoirs after her husband's death in 1968 and worked on them for more than ten years. Interesting details of his personal life were revealed in Cora's memoirs. The theoretical physicist has developed, in his opinion, the ideal marriage formula - spouses love each other, but this does not prevent them from having other partners. According to Lev Davidovich, “you need to live interestingly, brightly,” and “jealousy is a relic, jealousy should be alien to a cultured person.” Landau's wife accepted the proposed system and was forced to pretend that she was not upset by her husband's next date on the side, - “Korusha, Hera will come to me today at six o'clock. Please leave the house or sit quietly. I told her that you were at the dacha.

Shyness and demanding

B. L. Ioffe, author of the book “Without retouching. Portraits of Physicists Against the Background of the Epoch" recalls that Landau was faithful to science and eager to bring his students to the forefront of theoretical physics. Dau himself said about himself: “But I’m not like that, I’m different, I’m all from sparkles and minutes!”, And this discouraging immediacy coexisted in him with shyness in society and selflessness at work. Demanding to others, to achieve high results, contradicted Landau's relatively modest self-esteem. He considered himself a second-class physicist and clearly distinguished between problems that he could and could not solve. A typical Landau aphorism: "How can you solve a problem, the answer to which you do not know in advance?". According to Kapitsa, shyness disappeared with age, but Landau never developed the ability to adapt to society.