Билет 1.
Reading.
It is about beauty of our motherland Belarus, its nature and traditions. The author is proud of being Belarusian and loves our country.
1 абз.
He is proud of its wonderful nature, rich heroic history, national holidays and traditions and its people.
If he were a talented painter, he would draw pictures with its beautiful landscapes, if he could compose verses, he would write lyric poems.
Listening.Whithny was going to college. She was a bit shy and reserved. She had to share a room with a complete stranger, she didn’t have friends there. So she was nervous.
When she was asked about her goal at college, she was honest and answered, she wanted to have at least one true friend. One boy came to her, introduced himself and offered to become friends. Their friendship lasted for many years and brought them together in marriage.
She learned to be honest, openhearted and take actions.
Билет 2.
Reading.
This article is about fruitful and dynamic cooperation between Belarus and such international organizations as UNESCO. And about attractions of Belarus which have been included into the UNESCO World Heritage List.
1 абз.
The Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park, The Mir Castle Complex, The Nesvizh Palace and The Struve Arc are included on the list for protection.
Belarusian government wants to propose to add Independence Avenue in Minsk for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Listening.Choosing the right job is very important as it influences all our life like choosing a wife or a husband, a friend you can rely on.
In our materialistic world young people choose well-paid jobs connected with business, modern technologies and politics and so on.
The speaker advises us to take into consideration our talents, interests and abilities.
Билет 3.
Reading.
This text is about the children’s opinions about ideal school and what they want to change in their school. Different pupils have different ideas.
1 абз.
They want their school to be creative, valuable for their sociable and educational experience. Teachers should help them develop their individuality.
Everybody has the right to be free, to choose what to be or not to be. So the children want more freedom.
Listening.The heating doesn’t work properly and the breakfast is very early in the morning.
There was another boy in this room, he was snoring on the night and Peter couldn’t sleep.
The man on reception promised to send an engineer to fix the heating.
Билет 4.
Reading.
It’s about a 13yearold girl, who decided to keep a diary. She didn’t have a true friend, who can share her thoughts with. She wants her diary to be a patient friend.
2 абз.
There are a lot of people around her, but she has only few close ones. They love parents, aunts and her 16yeraold sister.
Anna started writing in a diary, because she felt alone, she didn’t have a true close friend, who she could trust her thought, dreams and ideas.
Listening.Alice worked in her uncle’s shop as a shop assistant in Australia.
It was difficult to deal with customers, but the most difficult thing was money, as she made a lot of mistakes, but her uncle helped her to get out of trouble.
She learned to understand people’s behaviors better; she has become more tolerant, serious and responsible.
Билет 5.
Reading.
This article is about cyber bulling and the ways, who to avoid it. The author tells us bout SID which is organized every year in 74 countries.
1 абз.
We should follow the tips given in the article, treat people online as you do in the real life, don’t ever post personal information.
SID is a good way to stop abuse the Internet, because it helps people to use the Internet.
Listening.The conversation takes place at Abbey Health Club.
The man is interested in where the gum is, if they have a yoga class, if there is a car park.
50 a month need to pay.
Билет 6.
Reading.
It tells us about friendly loving family, they were going to celebrate Christmas, but the author brother Clifton didn’t get go for Christmas, as he saved the army, during the World War 2 and asked his family to keep Christmas tree, but he arrived. They did all the best to do it.
1 абз.
He was one of the Tuskegee Airmen and was responsible for maintaining the airplanes flying off to fight in the World War 2.
Clifton was eager to celebrate Christmas with his family, but he didn’t his manage , so he asked his family to leave the Christmas up until he made it back.
Listening.Homework puts her in a bad mood. She wants to relax instead of doing homework.
She did very little homework in high school and didn’t get used to doing homework how at college.
It develops a sense of logic, makes us more disciplined, intelligent and ready for future career.
Билет 7.
Reading.
It is about Sam, a teenager girl; her mum didn’t let her go out anywhere, because there was a terrible mess in her room, until her room was tidy.
3 абз.
Sam’s room was piled with a lot of things. There was a terrible mess. Her mum thought her room was condemned.
She is not going to clean her room, because instead of it she decided to paint her fingernails.
Listening.Tina was going to Hong Kong from London.
Tina’s flight was delayed from one hour to nine hours.
There was a huge stormed the place stared bouncing. She was scared. Then the oxygen makes dropped down, she put it on and sat in absolute terror.
Билет 8.
Reading.
It is about a girl who had a problem with algebra. Her granddad helps her to cope with algebra. She understands that it was possible to enjoy it. She discovered granddads inner world and they became friend.
1 абз.
Her granddad loved algebra. He explained algebra is useful. It is mental fitness for people. The girl stopped been afraid of algebra.
She learnt that granddads world is full of miracles. He was fascinated by riddles, by labyrinths. He was a lot of interests. So she discovered her granddad.
Listening.Whales sometimes throw themselves on the beach dirty water makes them that crazy as plants and factories throw rubbish into the water.
People brought ropes and began to pull him into the water. It was hard and the wale began moving in the water.
The memory stared in his heart forever, he decided to study the ocean and protect animals, he is a member of Greenpeace.
Билет 9.
Reading.
It is about the importance of modern technology for communication. Now our life depends on it. We used phones, mobiles, Internet, they save our time and space. They have greatly changed all spheres of our life.
1 абз.
For us they have changed everything. We can do time-consuming tasks in minutes; a lot of information is stored on tiny disks. Access to the Internet lets us keep up with global and current issues.
Many people spend hours just chatting about silly, an important things, looking through sites for no reason, play computer games in hours.
Listening.The action takes place in the author’s grandmother’s big old house near London.
All the furniture’s in my grandmother’s bedroom was on the left side of the room, and the carpet was on the other side of the room.
They were scared, because the furniture was really heavy and they heard just a tiny noise. And granny said it had happened before and she didn’t maid.
Билет 10.
Reading.
This article is about a successful family, about time that families should spend together, traditions which unite the family and about the importance of love in families.
1 абз.
Traditions which include different norm, customs and views make a family united.
That various from family to families. Families with young children spend most of their time together, families with teenager may spend less time together, but healthy families keep a good balance between «too much» and «not enough» time together.
Listening.The girl can’t stop eating chocolate.
The girl things that her habit is harmful, because there are a lot of sugar and fat in all types of chocolate, that’s why she has many spots on her face and she is a little overweight too.
She can’t stop eating chocolate, because there is always chocolate for sale wherever she is. And because when she tries to stop if she doesn’t have any chocolate, she gets very bad headaches.
Билет 11.
Reading.
It is about a famous mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. Pythagoras and his achievements, his teaching methods and believes. But today he is still a mysterious figure.
2 абз.
The people of Samous didn’t appreciate his teaching methods, they treated him improperly, wanted to involve him in local politics against his will, so he went to Italy.
There are three types of people those who love wisdom, those who love honor and those who love wealth.
Listening.He is 99. He will be 100 in 2 weeks.
His life was hard: he had to work much, he didn’t have enough to eat and he didn’t do exercises and spent a lot of time outside.
He recommends to be active and to have a positive attitude.
Билет 12.
Reading.
This article is about the most famous female pilot Amelia Earhart and about her difficult childhood, the way of life, which land her to unusual for women. She took several records and become famous and found her future love due to her passion.
2 абз.
One day Amelia received an invitation to be the first woman ever to make the flight across the Atlantic from Canada to Britain.
She became famous, because she broke several records when she flew the Atlantic solo.
Listening.They worry about the pollution in her bedroom.
She thinks that it is not important, it is her own room.
Father is afraid of plague. Her parents are old-fashioned and they get used to cheating their rooms so mother asked Nancy to place them.
Билет 13.
Reading.
This text is about the stress of commuting. People are looking for ways to avoid stress and improve their life. The author gives us the idea how to avoid stress and reduce pollution.
2 абз.
To reduce a pollution we can use environmentally friendly means of transport such as trains, met no system and carpooling.
Carpooling is convenient, because it saves a people time and money, helps avoid stress.
Listening.If they have no friend, people feel lonely and unhappy. They have no friend to talk and shake sad or happy moments.
A good friend should be shoving, caring, listening, doing something for another person, honest.
It is good to be a real friend, because your life is full of meaningful, interesting, you feel the joy, and you will never be along.
Билет 14.
Reading.
It is about an English boy named Ch. MrDonnell who was bored and decided to make his video blog and post it on YouTube. Soon he became popular and his audience grew, he used his famous to help people less fortunate than himself.
1 абз.
He became popular when Oprah Winfrey, the famous American TV host, showed one of Charlie’s comedy videos called «How to be English» on her program.
People like Charlie, because he is honest, modesty, he is a talented song writer, actor and singer, and he helps people less fortunate than himself.
Listening.Young people prefer to live with their parents in Hong Kong, because it is expensive to rent a flat, they must good care of their parents and spend more time with them.
They supported his decision, because they thought it was a good idea to understand how good it was to live with parents.
He gaved his personal space and freedom, saved travelling cost and time.
Билет 15.
Reading.
It is devoted to ecological problems, residential building consume 27% of the total energy. It gives us an idea how to save energy and to save a builds. Everybody is responsible for reducing emissions.
4 абз.
We can block up draughts, switch off unnecessary, light, make sure cold and hot water taps are not left running, and we also should use energy efficient light bulbs.
Water of drinkable quality that used to flush the toilets unnecessary waste of energy used in water purification.
Listening.It is a fantastic of London by open-top bus.
They will see M. T. museum, Oxford Street, Westminster Abbey, The House of Parliament, The London Eye, Tower Bride and Buckingham Palace.
They don’t have any extra umbrellas, but the guide promised that it couldn’t rain as it is going to rain heavily he asked to return money.
Билет 16.
Reading.
It tells us about MR Womack’s cottage, his attitude to it. His home is the castle for him; he does everything himself there so it is so dear for him.
The last.
He is very busy at home; he looks after domestic animals, works in the garden, grow cucumbers. He is skillful and does a lot of work in his house by himself.
He calls himself Jack of all Trades, because he is a craftsman and he is able to do everything about his house himself.
Listening.Sally loved writing. She wrote some advice to her friend who was moving and her pen-friend advised her to write a book.
Sally’s dad thought it was good, but he didn’t advise her to send it to publishers not to be disappointed if they didn’t like it.
Her life didn’t change a lot. But she became more confident and was planning to write one more book.
Билет 17.
Reading.
It tells us about M. T., her life was devoted to poor people, she was a simple nun, she did all the best to help the sick and the poor.
2 абз.
One day she was on a train, she looked out of the window and saw dirty children sleeping in a doorway. Sick and dying people were lying on streets. She was shocked and decided to work with the poor. She is kind-hearted.
She opened a school for the kids from poor families, she stared her own group of nuns who cared about poor and dying people. She also stared homes for children without families.
Listening.Jackie wants to become a PE teacher.
She has chosen this profession, because she likes explaining things, helping people, she likes to work with young people, also she likes challenge.
It is good for our mental well-being, for health, it keeps physically fit, beaches young people important life lessons: the importance of teamwork, discipline, fairness.
Билет 18.
Reading.
It tells us about one of the most magnificent work of art, The Mona Lisa by L. da Vinci. Every hour about 1.500 people visit the Louvre Museum in Paris. It tells us what makes the ML. so special.
3 абз.
Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile has fascinated everyone who has ever seen the painting. People find her smile divine; the portrait seems alive and real.
It is a masterpiece; it is placed in a specially built area in a room with other great 16th century Italian paintings. Visitors have a better chance to appreciate the painting as a work of art rather than as a tourist attraction.
Listening.Christian wants to become a businessman.
Kate needs to learn English for future career. She is going to be a tourist manages.
He advises her to speak much as possible when she travels, because practice is important.
Билет 19.
Reading.
It is about the Guinness Books of Work Records. There is a wide range of amazing facts on these pages. There is a helpful index in the back of the book, where we can find subjects of interest in an alphabetical order.
1 абз.
The collection of records is divided into chapters on Space, Human Achievement, Sports and others. We can read about extremes in these spheres.
This book can be interesting for the reader, because there are a lot of amazing facts in this book. It can motivate people to develop their skills and talents.
Listening.When he was 3, his brother was born; his parents decided they needed a larger name so they moved into a rented flat.
The flat was not really large. But there were enough places for them and there were two bedrooms, a cozy-living room with a balcony and a bathroom.
He is sharing the flat with are person at present.
Билет 20.
Reading.
This text is about Dr. Rowland and her test of independent. From this text we find out that modern teenager are not ready for independent life and are not able to do the simplest things around the hour.
1 абз.
Parents took the plug off the microwave and took out some good lights bulbs and put in light bulbs that didn’t work. They also made sure that there were other problems in the house: with an Italian coffee machine and one of the taps in the bedroom.
On the one hand the children manage solve all the problems, but on the other hand they did in only using money and professional help. So we can say that they are not ready to independent life.
Listening.Tom visited his cousins, who rented a cottage near the seaside. They went water-skilling and had a lot of fun.
While the boys were pulling Tom along, the engine suddenly stopped. The boat slowly began to drift out to sea. There was going to be a storm. The sky was dark, the boys were frightened, but soon they saw a life boat.
There was going to be a storm, the see was dark and angry it makes him frightened.
Билет 21.
Reading.
This text is about using technology in our everyday. We can’t imagine our life without technology devices. We can also learn some facts about online volunteering and how it helps people around the world.
1 абз.
The author often uses TV. DVD game his favourite console. He always used his mobile phone or laptop.
This work can support the poor and help charities who over wise would not have the funding to play for staff.
Билет 22.
Reading.
This text is about a girl Jessica Winters and how she took part in a famous TV show «The Pretenders». We can read about the work she had to cope with during the show and about the result she achieved.
1 абз.
She didn’t know that 2 of her friends had sent her name to TV Company to take part in the Pretenders.
It is an exciting and useful experience for Jessica, because she gained a lot of confidence and she understood that she is capable of many thing decides her guilt job.
Listening.The first speaker likes China.
Fabulous history, wonderful variety of nature, friendly people, and deli shies food make Italy his favourite place.
There is a fantastic music, dancing, unusual nature and his favourite is the beef. He has never eaten food anywhere.
Билет 23.
Reading.
It is about Spanish restaurant – Mi Luna. It represent us the atmosphere, the food, the service there. This place is popular with visitors; they enjoy Spanish cuisine, music, the decoration.
5 абз.
People can feel a Spanish atmosphere it is painted with classical colors that are used in Spain – the red, yellow, white, and black, on the walk there are photos of Spanish bullfighters. You can enjoy Spanish music and dancing.
It is popular with visitors; it is very busy they should book a table first.
Listening.She works hard all day, she is tied, and she hasn’t any time to enjoy Italy.
Peter wants to make the best expression at his job interviews. He is looking for a job.
She advices him to join networking groups, they are also looking for work and help each other.
Билет 24.
Reading.
It is about Elderhostel, the educational and travel organization for older adults. It offers a large member of programs to keep fit, mental and physical well-being. They prevent them from illnesses.
1 абз.
People study history, literature, art, modern issues. They do sports. They are involved in adventure programs.
People keep a positive self-image; they are active take part in various activities. So the work has a very positive meaning.
Listening.The girl so Terry at a local dance he was so handsome. She was surprised when Terry asked her to dance instead of her best friends.
They were in a lift. The boy was going to the first, but he stead with her all the way to the sixth and asked her out.
He thought Amy was awful, because she ignored him, spent all night chatting and laughing with Tim.
Билет 25.
Reading.
This text is about the Internet and its role in the modern world. It gives us many opportunities, but only when we used Internet sensibly. It is very important not to forget about other activities, important of our development.
2 абз.
It is important to use the internet sensibly, because it gives people tools and we should use them within reasonable limits.
Listening.She works a lot and doesn’t have time for her, to enjoy hobbies, to see her children. She earns a lot, but has no free time.
She enjoy his personal life, he plays tennis, works much better and feels happier.
His lifestyle gives him a lot of freedom, he is happy. A lot of people in Japan get ill and die, because they work too much and hard.

The Russian Federation

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth"s surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans:the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a sea-borders with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the nirth, highlands and deserts in the east.There are two great plains in Russia:the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountains chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe"s biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers- the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena- flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.

Russia is reach in beautiful lakes. The world"s deepest lake is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.Russia has one-sixth of the world"s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Syberia and in the Far East.On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.

Russia is very reach in oil, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma.The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It"s one of the oldest Russian cities.At present, the political and economic situationn in the country is rather complicated. There are a lot of problems in the national economy of the Russian Federation. The industrial production is decreasing. The prices are constantly rising, the rate of inflation is very high. People are losing their jobs because many factories and plants are going bankrupt.But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at present, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the leading countries in the world. I"m sure that we, the younger generation, can do very much to make Russia as strong and powerful as it used to be.

Российская Федерация

Российская Федерация - самая большая страна в мире. Это занимает о первом седьмом из поверхности земли. Это закрывает(охватывает) восточную часть Европы и северной части Азии. Его полная область - приблизительно 17 миллионов квадратных километров. Страна вымыта 12 морями 3 oceans:the Tихий океан, арктический и Атлантика. На юге Россия граничит с Китаем, Монголией, Кореей, Казахстаном, Джорджией(Грузией) и Азербайджаном. На западе это граничит С Норвегией, Финляндией, Балтийскими Государствами, Belorussia, Украиной. Это также имеет морскую границу со США.

Есть едва страна в мире, где такое разнообразие пейзажа и растительности может быть найдено. Мы имеем степи на юге, равнинах и лесах во внутриобластном, тундре и taiga в nirth, горной местности и пустынях на востоке. Есть два Великих равнин в Russia:the Большой Российской Равнине и Западной Сибирской Низменности. Есть несколько цепей гор на территории страны: Урал, Кавказ, Алтай и другие. Самая большая цепь горы, Урал, отделяет Европу из Азии. Есть более чем два миллиона рек в России. Самая большая река Европы, Волга, течет в Каспийское море. Главные Сибирские реки - Обь, Енисей и Лина Лена-текут с юга на север. Амур на Дальнем Востоке течет в Тихий океан.

Россия - досягаемость в красивых озерах. Всемирное самое глубокое озеро - Озеро Байкал. Это намного меньшее чем Балтийское море, но есть гораздо большее количество воды в этом чем в Балтийском море. Вода в озере настолько ясна, что, если Вы смотрите вниз Вас, может считать камни на основание. Россия имеет первый шестой из всемирных лесов. Они сконцентрированы в Eвропейце к северу от страны, в Syberia и на Дальнем Востоке. На обширной территории страны есть различные типы климата, из Арктики на севере к субтропическому на юге. В середине страны климат умеренный и континентален.

Россия - очень досягаемость в нефти(масле), железной руде, природном газе, меди, никеле и других минеральных ресурсах. Россия - парламентская республика. Глава государства - Президент. Законодательные полномочия осуществлены Думой. Капитал(столица) России Московский. Это - его самый большой политический, научный, культурный и индустриальный центр. Это - один из самых старых Российских городов. В настоящее время, политический и экономический situationn в стране довольно усложнен. Есть много проблем в народном хозяйстве Российской Федерации. Индустриальное производство уменьшается. Цены постоянно повышаются, норма(разряд) инфляции очень высока. Люди теряют их рабочие места, потому что много фабрик и заводы(растения) обанкротятся. Но несмотря на проблемы Россия сталкивается в настоящее время, есть много возможностей для этой страны, чтобы стать одной из ведущих стран в мире. Я уверен, что мы, более молодое поколение, можем делать очень, чтобы делать Россию столь же сильной и мощной, как это имело обыкновение быть.

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centurys ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1147. Gradually the city became more and more powerfull. In the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712; Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That"s why it became the main target of Napoleon"s attack. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again. Now moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres. The population of the city is over 8 million.Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. The Kremlin and St. Basil"s Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of encient Russian architecture. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Palace of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St. Basil"s Cathedral was built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory over Kazan.One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Armouty Chamber. The famous golden cap of Monomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catherin the second and many other historical items are exhibited there.

There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The Historical Museum, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov State Picture Gallery are world famous and the largest.Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them are Bolshoi, Maly and Art theatres.

Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.

Москва - капитал(столица) России, ее политического, экономического, коммерческого и культурного центра. Это было основано 8 столетий назад принцем Юрием Долгоруки в 1147. Постепенно город стал все более мощным. В 13-ом столетии Москва была центр борьбы Российских стран для освобождения от хомута камня. В 16-ом столетии под Иваном Ужасная Москва стала капиталом(столицей) нового объединенного государства(состояния). Хотя Питер Большой перемещенный капитал(столица) к Санкт-Петербургу в 1712; Москва осталась сердцем России. Именно поэтому это стало главной целью нападения Наполеона. После революции Октября Москва стала капиталом(столицей) снова.

Теперь Москва - один из самых больших городов в Европе. Его полная область - приблизительно девятьсот квадратных километров. Население города - более чем 8 миллионов.

Москва - один из наиболее красивых городов в мире. Сердце Москвы - Красная площадь. Кремль и Собор C-Бэзила (Vasily Blazheny) - шедевры encient Российской архитектуры. На территории Кремля Вы можете видеть старые соборы, Дворец Конгрессов, Орудия царя и Звонка царя, самого большого орудия и звонка в мире. Собор C-Бэзила был построен в середине 16-ого столетия в памяти о победе по Казани.Один из известных Кремлевских музеев - Armouty Палата. Известная золотая кепка Monomach, первая Российская имперская корона Catherin второй и многих других исторических пунктов(изделий) показана там.Есть больше чем 80 музеев в Москве. Исторический Музей, Пушкин Мусевм Искусств, Государство(состояние) Tretyakov Картинная Галерея - мир, известный и самый большой.Москва известна ее театрами. Известный лучшим из них - Bolshoi, Maly и Художественные театры.Москва - место Российского Парламента (Дума) и центр политической жизни страны

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousands small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometres. The United Kingdom is one of the world"s smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England , Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used in the meaning of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK. is London. The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea and the British Channel. The *western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The South, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and south- eastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). There are a lot of rivers iri Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest rive?, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important oae. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. The UK. is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. * The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as Head of State.

Великобритания

Великобритания Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположена на Британских островах. Британские острова состоят из двух больших островов, Великобритании и Ирландии, и приблизительно пять тысяч маленьких островов. Их полная область - более чем 244 000 квадратных километров. Великобритания - одна из всемирных меньших стран. Его население - более чем 57 миллионов. Приблизительно 80 процентов от населения городские. Великобритания составлена из четырех стран: Англия, Уэльс, Шотландия и Северная Ирландия. Их капиталы(столицы) Лондонские, Кардиффские, Эдинбургские и Белфастские соответственно. Великобритания состоит из Англии, Шотландии и Уэльса и не включает Северную Ирландию. Но в каждодневной речи Великобритания используется в значении Великобритании Великобритании и Северной Ирландии. Капитал(столица) ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ. Является Лондонским. Британские острова отделены от Континента Северным морем и Британским Каналом. *western побережье Великобритании вымыто Атлантическим океаном и Ирландским морем.

Поверхность Британских островов изменяется очень. Север Шотландии громаден и называется Горной местностью. Юг, который имеет красивые долины и равнины, называется Среднешотландской низменностью. К северу и к западу от Англии громаден, но восточен, центральн и южный - восточные части Англии - обширная равнина. Горы - не очень высоки. Бен-Невис в Шотландии - самая высокая гора (1343 m). Есть много рек iri Великобритания, но они - не очень длинны. Северн самый длинный rive?, в то время как Темза самая глубокая и наиболее важна oae. Горы, Атлантический океан и теплые воды Гольфстрима влияют на климат Британских островов. Это умеренно целый год вокруг. ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИЯ. Является высоко развитой индустриальной страной. Это производит и экспортирует машины, электронику, ткань. Одна из главных отраслей промышленности страны - судостроение. * ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИЯ - конституционная монархия с парламентом и Королевой как Глава государства.

The United States of America

The Unites States of America are situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast - by the Atlantic Ocean. The total area of the USA is over nine million square kilometres. The population of the USA is more than 236 million people; most of the population lives in towns and cities. The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climatic regions. The Goldest regions are in the north and north-east. The south has a subtropical climate. The United States is a land of rivers and lakes..The northern stateof Minnesota is the land of 10 000 lakes. The longest rivers in the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Rio Grande. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada.The United States are riebiia natural and mineral resources. It produces copper, oil, iron ore and coal. It is a highly-developed industrial Bad agricultural coubtry. There are many big cities in the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and others. The national capital is Washington, D.C. Its population is about 3,4 million. Washington wasbuilt in the late eighteenth century especially as the centre of governmeat. It was named after George Washington. The USA became the world teading country at the beginning of the twen*eth century.

Соединенные Штаты Америки

Объединяется, штаты Америка расположены в центральной части Североамериканского континента. Его западное побережье вымыто Тихим океаном и его восточным побережьем - Атлантическим океаном. Полная область США - более чем девять миллионов квадратных километров. Население США - больше чем 236 миллионов людей; большинство населения живет в городах и городах. США - очень большая страна, так что это имеет несколько различный климатический

Области(регионы). Goldest области(регионы) находятся на севере и северо-востоке. Юг имеет субтропический климат. Соединенные Штаты - земля рек и озер.. Северное государство(состояние)Из Штата Mиннесота - земля 10 000 озер. Самый длинный Реки в США - Mиссиссипи, Mиссури и Рио-Гранде. Самые высокие горы - Скалистые горы, Кордильеры и Сьерра-Невада.Соединенные Штаты - riebiia естественные и минеральные ресурсы. Это производит медь, нефть(масло), железную руду и уголь. Это - высоко-развитый индустриальный Плохой сельскохозяйственный coubtry. Есть много больших городов в США, типа Нью-Йорка, Чикаго, Лос-Анджелеса, Филадельфии и других. Национальный капитал(столица) Вашингтонский, Его население округа Колумбия - приблизительно 3,4 миллионов. Вашингтон был

Строивший в последнем восемнадцатом столетии тем более, что центр governmeat. Это было названо по имени Джорджа Вашингтона. США стали миром teading страна в начале twen*eth столетия.

My name is Natalia. My surname is Govorova. I am 15. I was born in 1982 in Chelyabinsk. I live in a small town of Usinsk in the Komi Republic. My address is Flat 116, 19, Pionerskaya Street. My phone number is 41-5-81. I am a pupil. I go to school Numbers 1. I am a good pupil. I do well in all subjects. They say, that I am a hardworking person. To tell the truth, all school subjects come easy for me but sometimes. I have to sit much, for example, to do lessons in Physics or Chemistry, to write a composition or to learn a poem by heart. But my favourite subject is English. I spend much time on it reading books, doing tests etc. May be, English and learning it will be a part of my future carreer. I like reading. I think comics and detective stories are much easier to read but I prefer to read novels - historical or up-to-date. I like music. My musical tastes are different, but it depends on my mood. But I think every apple is good in its season. I play the piano and the guitar, not seriously, but for my soul. Sometimes I like to listen to the Russian classical music. My favourite composers are Chaikovsky and Mozart. I don’t like rock music, but I like «Queen» and «Beatles». Also I like Russian folk songs. I have not much time to watch IV but sometimes I spend an hour or two watching an interesting film or a news programme. In the evening I often read newspapers (our local ones) or magazines. I like fresh air and exercise. I’m sorry I have not much time for doing sports. But some aerobics in the morning, a swimming-pool twice a week, a ski-walk on a frosty day are of great help. Sports is fun. I have a wide circle of interests. I’m very sociable, so I get a way with people. I have many friends, most of them are my class-mates. We spend much time together, going out to the cinema or to the disco party, speaking about lessons and music, discussing our problems. But most of all I like my family. We all are great friends and deeply attached to each other.

You see, it’s me - a person with his good and not good characteristics, liking this and hating that. But it’s interesting for me to live, to open new things.

О МНЕ НЕПОСРЕДСТВЕННО.

Мое название(имя) - Natalia. Моя фамилия - Govorova. Мне 15. Я был рожден в 1982 в Челябинске. Я живу в маленьком городе Usinsk в Komi Республике. Мой адрес Плоский 116, 19, Pionerskaya Улица. Мой телефонный номер - 41-5-81. Я - ученик. Я иду в школу номер 1. Я - хороший ученик. Я преуспеваю по всем предметам. Они говорят, что я являюсь трудолюбивым человеком. Чтобы сообщить правду, все школьные предметы прибывают легкими для меня, но иногда. Я должен сидеть много, например, делать уроки в Физике или Химии, писать состав или изучать поэму сердцем. Но мой любимый предмет Английский. Я трачу(провожу) много времени на это читающий книги, делая испытания и т.д. Может Быть, Английский язык, и изучение этого будет часть моего будущего carreer. Я люблю читать. Я думаю, комики и детективные истории намного более легки, чтобы читать, но я предпочитаю читать романы - исторический или современный. Я люблю музыку. Мои музыкальные вкусы различны, но это зависит от моего настроения. Но я думаю, что каждое яблоко хорошо в его сезоне. Я играю фортепьяно и гитару, не серьезно, но для моей души. Иногда я люблю слушать Российскую классическую музыку. Мои любимые композиторы - Chaikovsky и Моцарт. Я не люблю музыку скалы, но я люблю "Королеву" и "Beatles". Также я люблю Российские народные песни. Я не имею много времени, чтобы наблюдать IV, но иногда я трачу(провожу) час или два наблюдения интересный фильм или программа новостей. Вечером я часто читал газеты (наши местные) или журналы. Я люблю новый(свежий) воздух и осуществление(упражнение). Мне жаль, что я не имею много времени для выполнения спортивных состязаний. Но некоторая аэробика утром, плавательный бассейн два раза в неделю, лыжная прогулка в морозный день имеет большую помощь. Спортивные состязания - забава. Я имею широкий круг интересов(процентов). Я очень общителен, так что я получаю путь с людьми. Я имею много друзей, большинство их - мои одноклассники. Мы тратим(проводим) много времени вместе, отправясь в кино или к стороне(партии) дискотеки, говоря об уроках и музыке, обсуждая наши проблемы. Но больше всего я люблю мое семейство. Все мы - большие друзья и глубоко приложенный к друг другу.

Вы видите, это - я - человек с его хорошее и не хорошие характеристики, любя это и ненавидя это. Но это интересно для меня, чтобы жить, открыть новые вещи.

Sport in our life

Millions of people all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport helps people to stay in good shape, helps to support health and prevents from illness. Sport makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.We"ve always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sports ground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or swimming pools where local competitions are usually held.There are different sporting societies and clubs in Russia. Many of them take part in different international tournaments and are known all over the world. A great nu,ber of world records have been set by Russian sportsmen. Our sportsmen also win a lot of gold, silver and bronze medals in the Olympic Games.

Спорт в нашей жизни

Миллионы людей во всем мире любят спортивные состязания и игры. Спорт помогает людям оставаться в хорошей форме, помогает поддерживать здоровье и предотвращает от болезни. Спорт делает их более организованными и лучшими дисциплинированными в их ежедневных действиях.

Мы всегда оплачивали большое внимание к спорту в наших школах, колледжах и университетах. Вы можете едва находить школу без гимнастики или спортплощадки. Каждый город и город имеют несколько стадионов или плавающие объединения(водоемы), где местные соревнования обычно держит(проведены,поддержаны).

Есть различные спортивные общества и клубы в России. Многие из их принимают участие на различных международных турнирах и известны во всем мире. Большой nu, ber мировых отчетов(рекордов) был установлен Российскими спортсменами. Наши спортсмены также выигрывают много золота, серебряные и бронзовые

LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE.

The great German poet Goethe once said: «He who know no foreign language does not know his own one. Learning foreign languages is specially important nowadays. Some people learn foreign languages because they need them in their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying languages is a hobby.

Every year thousands of people from Russia go to different countries as tourists or to work. They can not go without knowing the language of the country they are going to. A modern engineer or even a worker can not work with an imported instrument or a machine if he is not able to read the instruction how to do it. Ordinary people need language to translation the instruction or the manual to the washing-machine or a vacuum-cleaner, medicine or even food-products.

Some people are as a rule polyglots. Historians diplomats need some languages for their work. If you want to be a classified specialist you must learn English, the language of international communication. English is one of the world languages. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business. It is the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sports. It is also the major language of diplomacy. Hundreds and hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers are printed in English, most of the world’s mail and telephone calls are in English. Half of the world’s scientific literature is written in English. English is spoken by more than 350 million people. Geographically, it is the most widespread language on earth, second after Chinese. It is the official language of the UK, the USA , of Australia and New Zealand, it is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the South Africa. Millions of people study and use English as a foreign language. In our country English is very popular. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities. Learning English is not an easy thing. It is a long process and takes a lot of time and patience. But to know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated person. I want to know English because it’s interesting for me to know foreign countries, their cultures and tradition. English will be of great use in my future profession connected with computers.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА.

Большой Немецкий поэт Гоет однажды сказал: " Он, кто не знают никакой иностранный язык, не знает его собственный. Изучение иностранных языков особенно(специально) важно в настоящее время. Некоторые люди изучают иностранные языки, потому что они нуждаются в них в их работе, другие путешествуют за границей, для трети, изучающей языки - хобби.

Каждый год тысячи людей из России идут в различные страны как туристы или работать. Они не могут идти без того, чтобы знать язык страны, в которую они идут. Современный инженер или даже рабочий не может работать с импортированным инструментом или машиной(механизмом), если он - не способен читать инструкцию, как делать это. Обычные люди нуждаются в языке к переводу инструкция или руководство к стиральной машине или пылесосу, медицине(лекарству) или даже изделия продовольствия. Некоторые люди - как правило полиглоты. Дипломаты Историков нуждаются в некоторых языках для их работы. Если Вы хотите быть классифицируемым специалистом, Вы должны изучить Английский язык, язык международной связи.

Английский язык - один из мировых языков. Это - язык прогрессивной науки и техники, торговых и культурных отношений, торговли и бизнеса. Это - универсальный язык международной авиации, отгружаясь и спортивных состязаний. Это - также главный язык дипломатии. Сотни и сотни книг, журналов и газет напечатаны по-английски, большинство всемирной почты, и телефонные звонки - по-английски. Половина всемирной научной литературы написана по-английски. Английского языка говорят больше чем 350 миллионов людей. Географически, это - наиболее широко распространенный язык на земле, секунда после Китайца. Это - официальный язык ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ, США, Австралии и Новой Зеландии, это используется как один из официальных языков в Канаде, Южной Африке. Миллионы людей изучают и использование Английский язык как иностранный язык. В нашей стране Английский язык очень популярен. Это изучено в школах, колледжах и университетах. Изучение Английского языка - не легкая вещь. Это - длинный процесс и берет много времени и терпение. Но знать Английский язык сегодня абсолютно необходим для каждого образованного человека. Я хочу знать Английский язык, потому что это интересно для меня, чтобы знать иностранные страны, их культуры и традицию. Английский язык будет иметь большое использование в моей будущей профессии, связанной с компьютерами.

People are fond of traveling. They spend their holidays traveling. They travel to see other countries and continents, to learn a lot about people’s traditions, to enjoy picturesque places. It is interesting for them to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food.

Those who live in the country like to find themselves in large cities with their shops, cinemas, crowds of people. City-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains with nothing to do but walking and bathing, lazying in the sun. Most travelers and holiday makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them - beautiful views of waterfalls, forests, unusual plants and animals. These photos will remind them of the happy time of holiday.

These are many ways of traveling - by train, by plain, by ship, on foot. Everyone chooses his favourite one. My favourite way is traveling by plain. And not because it is very comfortable. It is exciting. I also like traveling by train. I’ve traveled this way a lot. When you are in the train you can see the beauty of nature.

I envy the tourists because I think that they study geography traveling and visiting different parts of the world. They can tell you many things which you didn’t know before.

They are interesting people from whom you can learn much new for yourself. Any kind of travel helps you to understand many things that you can never see or learn at home. Though you may read about them in books and newspapers.

As for me I’d like to have a coach tour to some foreign country. Coach tours are planned and I’ll have a chance to do a lot of sightseeings and have a good rest at the same time.

ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ.

Люди любят путешествовать. Они тратят(проводят) их путешествие отпуска. Они путешествуют, чтобы видеть другие страны и континенты, учиться много о народных традициях, наслаждаться живописными местами. Это интересно для них, чтобы обнаружить новые вещи, различные пути жизни, встречать различных людей, пробовать различное продовольствие.

Те, кто живут в стране, любят оказаться в больших городах с их магазинами, кино, толпы людей. Городские обитатели обычно подобно тихому празднику(отпуску) морем или в горах с ничем, чтобы делать но ходьбу и купание, lazying на солнце. Большинство путешественников и изготовителей праздника(отпуска) берет камеру с ними и берет картины всего, что интересует их - красивые представления(виды) водопадов, лесов, необычных заводов(растений) и животных. Эти фотографии напомнят им о счастливом времени праздника(отпуска).

Они - много путей путешествия - поездом, равниной, судном, пешком. Каждый выбирает его фаворита один. Мой любимый путь путешествует равниной. И не, потому что это очень удобно. Это захватывающее. Я также подобно путешествию поездом. Я путешествовал этот путь много. Когда Вы находитесь в поезде, Вы можете видеть красоту характера(природы).

Я завидую туристам, потому что я думаю, что они изучают путешествие географии и посещение различных частей мира. Они могут сообщить Вам много вещей, которые Вы не знали прежде.

Они - интересные люди от того, кого Вы можете изучать много нового для вас непосредственно. Любой вид путешествия помогает Вам понимать много вещей, которые Вы никогда не можете видеть или учиться дома. Хотя Вы можете читать о них в книгах и газетах.

Что касается меня я хотел бы иметь тур автобуса(тренера) к некоторой иностранной стране. Автобус(тренер) Тур запланирован и я должен иметь шанс, чтобы делать много осмотров достопримечательностей и иметь хороший отдых в то же самое время.

Environmental problems

The poisoning of the world"s land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history"s greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.

Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be coused by the greenhouse effect.The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.

Every ten minutes one kind of enimal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.

Air population is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening- equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union.Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substunces. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.

People are beginning to realise that environmenta problems are not somebody else"s. They join and support various international organosation and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening- perhaps we"ll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.

Проблемы Окружающей среды

Отравление всемирной земли, воздуха, и воды - наиболее-быстро-распространяющаяся болезнь цивилизации. Это вероятно производит меньшее количество заголовков чем войны, землетрясения и наводнения, но это - потенциально одна из самых больших опасностей истории для человеческой жизни на земле. Если существующие тенденции продолжаются в течение следующих нескольких десятилетий, наша планета станет непригодной для жилья.

Перенаселенность, загрязнение и потребление энергии создали такие широкие планетой проблемы как массивное сведение леса, истощение озона, кислотные дожди и глобальное нагревание, которое верит, чтобы быть coused парниковым эффектом.Моря находятся в опасности. Они заполнены ядом: индустриальная и ядерная трата(отходы), химический fertilisers и пестициды. Средиземноморье уже почти мертво; Северное море следует. Аральское море находится на крае исчезновения. Если ничто не сделано об этом, однажды ничто не будет мочь жить в морях.Каждые десять минут один вид enimal, завода(растения) или насекомого заглохнут навсегда. Если ничто не сделано об этом, один миллион разновидностей, которая является действующей(живой), сегодня станет в потухших двадцати годах с этого времени.

Воздушное население - очень серьезная проблема. В Каире, только вдыхающем воздух - угроза жизни - эквивалент курению двух пакетов сигарет в день. Тот же самый проводит(держит) истинным для Мехико и 600 городов прежнего Советского Союза.Индустриальные предприятия испускают тонны вредного substunces. Эта эмиссия имеет бедственные последствия для нашей планеты. Они - главная причина для парникового эффекта и кислотных дождей.Даже большая угроза окружающей среды - атомные электростанции. Все мы знаем насколько трагический последствия Chernobyl бедствия.Люди начинают понимать, что environmenta проблемы - не чей-либо. Они присоединяются и поддерживают различный международный organosation и зеленые стороны(партии). Если правительства осознают то, что случается - возможно мы будем мочь избегать бедствия, которое угрожает естественному миру и всем из нас с этим.

RUSSIN TRADITIOS.

Almost every nation and country has a reputation of some kind. The Englishmen are reputed to be cold, reserved, rather naughty easy-going and fond of sport. They are the nation of stay-at-homes. «There is no place like home», they say. The English man’s home is his castle is a saying known all over the world. They prefer a small house built for one family, with a small garden are a fire in the centre of the house. They like animals very much and follow the traditions concerning food and meals. We know much about English traditions and customs but now I’d like to say a few words about the traditions of my native land-Russia. First, about Russian people. To my mind, the main traits of their characters which differ them from other people are hospitality, their «open heart», «golden hands», wise Russian fairytales reflect this wisdom. Our people are hardworking, patient, never loosing hope for better life. The Russians are the talented nation. Russia gave the world beautiful names of Pushkin and Lermontov, Chaikovsky and Repin, thousands of names of world famous poets, writers, composers, scientists. All of them are the pride of the nation because they sand the beauty of our nature and people.

Besides these great names in literature and music, our country is famous for Russian traditional specific crafts its skilled craftsmen. Painted boxes of Palekh, coloured shawls of Pavlov Posad, clay toys of Dymkovo, laces of Vologda are known all over the world.

The names of Gzhel and Khokhloma are considered to be the symbols of Russia as well as matryoshkas and samovars. The history of khokhloma goes back into the 17 th century Producing of tableware-dishes, spoons, mugs was begun at that time in the villages of Suomino and Khokhloma in the Nizhniy Novgorod Province. On the banks of the great Russian river Volga. Many carpenters, painters have been working since then reviving traditions of old masters. The Khokhloma style is characterized by using plant elements in painting the tableware. The prevailing colours are black, yellow, golden, green and red. And nowadays this craft is sure to be saved, it will be developed and brought into the future by the new generation of painters.

The reviving of old crafts is connected with the reviving of the traditional arts of all peoples inhabiting our big country. There are 100 of them. They revive their culture, costumes, dances and language. It is the revival of our souls. Now we celebrate the forgotten holidays - Troisa, Maslenitsa, Easter. We again sing Russian folk songs and chastushki, dance Barinya and perform khorovods, ride in troikas. Traditional Russian cooking is world-famous for such dishes as okroshka, shi, pelment, kurnik, kvass. We begin to build and reconstruct churches. The example of it is the building of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. It is the symbol of reviving human feelings, national pride and patriotism.

TRADITIONS & CUSTOMS OF GREAT BRITIAN .

Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions.In Britian traditions play more importaint part in the life of the people than in some other countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. It has been the law for about three hundred years that all the theatres are closed on Sundays no letters are delivered only a few Sunday papers are publshed. To this day English families prefer cotage houses with gardens to flats in a modern house with central heeting.English people like gardens.Sometimes the garden in front of the house is a little square covered with cement

painted green (in imitation of grass) and a box of flowers. In English houses the fire-place has always been the centre of interest in a room.For many months of the year people like to sit round the fire and

watch the dancing flames.Fire places are decorated with woodworks,there is a painting or a mirror over it.Above the fire there is usually a shelf with a clock and some photographs. Holydays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in cotland,Wales and England.Christmas is a great english national holyday and in Scotland it is not kept at all exeept by clerks in banks,all the shops and factories are working.But 6 days later on the New Year"s Eve the

Scots begin to enjoy themselves.People invite their friends to their houses and sit the old year out and the new year in.In England on new Year"s Eve a

lot of people go to Trafalgar Square,at midnight,they all cross their arms join hands and sing.People have parties too,they drink toarts to the New

Year Children are happy to have presents.

Four times a year the offices and banks in Britain are closed on Monday. These public holidays are known as Bank Holidays.The British like to spend

holidays out of the town in the open air.They go to the sea-side or to amusements parks. Londoners often visit the Zoo,outside London they take their families to Hamsted Heath ["hнmstid"hi@] a large natural park too.There is usually a big fair with many different amusements for children merry-go-round,swings puppet shows,bright baloons.

One must also speak about such holidays ass All Fools Day,Hallowe"en Bonfire Night,St.Valentines Day and such tradition as Eisteddfod (a festival

of which culture).

РОССИЙСКИЙ TRADITIOS.

Почти каждая нация и страна имеют репутацию некоторого вида. Англичане предполагаются, чтобы быть холодными, сохраненными, довольно непослушными спокойными и любящий спорт. Они - нация приемов пребывания. " Нет никакого места подобно дому ", они говорят. Дом Английского человека - его замок говорит известен во всем мире. Они предпочитают, маленький дом, строивший(построенный) для одного семейства, с маленьким садом - огонь(пожар) в центре дома. Они любят животных очень и следуют за традициями относительно продовольствия и пищи. Мы знаем много об Английских традициях и таможне(обычаях), но теперь я хотел бы говорить несколько слов о традициях моего аборигена Россия земли. Сначала, о Российских людях. На мой взгляд, главные черты их характеров, которые отличаются их от других людей - гостеприимство, их " открытое сердце "," золотые руки ", мудрый Российский fairytales отражает эту мудрость. Наши люди не трудолюбивы, терпеливы, никогда выпуская надежду для лучшей жизни. Русские - талантливая нация. Россия дала мировые красивые названия(имена) Пушкина и Lermontov, Chaikovsky и Перебулавки, тысячи названий(имен) мировых известных поэтов, авторов, композиторов, ученых. Все из них - гордость нации потому что они песок красота нашего характера(природы) и людей.

Помимо этих больших названий(имен) в литературе и музыке, наша страна известна Российскими традиционными определенными ремеслами ее квалифицированный craftsmen. Красившие(окрашенные) коробки Palekh, цветные платки Pavlov Posad, игрушки глины Dymkovo, шнурки Вологды известны во всем мире.

Названия(имена) Gzhel и Khokhloma, как рассматривается, являются символами России также как matryoshkas и samovars. История khokhloma возвращается в 17-ое столетие, производя блюд сервировки стола, ложек, лопухи(кружки) были начаты в то время в деревнях Suomino и Khokhloma в Ниженовгородской Области. На банках большой Российской речной Волги. Много плотников, живописцы работали, с тех пор восстанавливая традиции старых владельцев(мастеров). Khokhloma стиль характеризован, используя элементы завода(растения) в живописи сервировки стола. Преобладающие цвета черны, желты, золотые, зелены и красны. И в настоящее время это ремесло уверено, чтобы быть сэкономленным(спасаемым), это будет развито и принесен в будущее новым поколением живописцев.

Восстановление старых ремесел связано с восстановлением традиционных искусств всех народов, населяющих нашу большую страну. Есть 100 из них. Они восстанавливают их культуру, костюмы, танцы и язык. Это - возрождение наших душ. Теперь мы празднуем забытый отпуск - Troisa, Maslenitsa, Пасху. Мы снова поем Российские народные песни и chastushki, танцуем Barinya и исполняем khorovods, поездка в тройках. Традиционная кухня Русского мировая-известна такими блюдами как okroshka, shi, pelment, kurnik, kvass. Мы начинаем строить и восстанавливать церкви. Пример этого - здание Собора Христа Спаситель в Москве. Это - символ восстановления человеческих чувств, национальной гордости и патриотизма.

ТРАДИЦИИ и ТАМОЖНЯ(ОБЫЧАИ) БОЛЬШОГО BRITIAN.

Каждая нация и каждая страна имеют ее собственную таможню(обычаи) и традиции. В Britian традициях играют большее количество importaint часть в жизни людей чем в некоторых других странах. Англичане гордятся их традициями и тщательно держат их. Это был закон в течение приблизительно трехсот лет, что все театры закрыты, по воскресеньям никакие письма не поставлены, только несколько воскресных газет - publshed. К этому дню семейства Английского языка предпочитают здания cotage с садами к квартирам в современном доме с центральным heeting. Английские люди подобно садам. Иногда сад перед домом - небольшой квадрат(площадь), закрытый(охваченный) цементом

Красившим(окрашенным) зеленый (в имитации травы) и коробки цветов. В английском языке размещает камин, всегда был центр интереса(процента) в комнате(месте). В течение многих месяцев людей года любят сидеть вокруг огня(пожара) и

Наблюдайте танцующий огонь. Камины украшены работами по дереву, есть живопись или зеркало по этому. Выше огня(пожара) есть обычно полка с часами и некоторыми фотографиями. Holydays особенно богат в старых традициях и различен в cotland, Уэльсе и Англии. Рождество - большой английский национальный holyday и в Шотландии, которая это не сохраняется во всем exeept клерками в банках, всех магазинах, и фабрики работают. Но 6 дней позже Новый Годовой Канун

Шотландцы начинают наслаждаться. Люди приглашают их друзей на их здания и сидят старый год из и Новый Год в. В Англии на новом Годовом Кануне a

Партия людей идет в Trafalgar Квадрат(площадь), в полночь, они все пересекаются, их руки(оружие) присоединяются к рукам и поют. Люди имеют стороны(партии) также, они пьют toarts за Новый

Дети Года счастливы иметь подарки.

Четыре раза в год офисы и банки в Англии закрыты в понедельник. Эти выходные дни известны как Отпуск Банка. Британцы любят тратить(провести)

Отпуск из города в открытой площадке. Они идут в побережье или в луна-парки. Londoners часто посещают Зверинец, вне Лондона, они берут их семейства к Hamsted Пустоши [" hнmstid"hi] большой естественный парк также. Есть обычно большая ярмарка с многими различными развлечениями для карусели детей, кукольных представлений колебания, яркого baloons.

Нужно также говорить о такой заднице отпуска Весь День Дураков, Hallowe"en Ночь Костра, C-Валентинес Дей и такая традиция как Eisteddfod (фестиваль

Который культура).

Pushkin

at the lyceum shaped Pushkin"s life. He graduated from the lyceum in 1817 and began to work in the

foreign office in St. Petersburg. In 1820 the foreign office transferred Pushkin to Ekaterinoslav, and

later to Odessa for writing anti-tsarist poetry. In 1824, for his letters against the tsar, he was exiled to Mikhailovskoye. In 1824, Tsar Nicholas I allowed Pushkin to return to Moscow. Pushkin felt in love with Natalya Goncharova,-who was lfrthen, and in 1830 they got married. His wife was suspected of an affair with Baron Georges d"Antes; this became the subject of gossip. Pushkin challenged d"Antes to a duel. Pushkin was wounded and died two days later. Pushkin was Russia"s greatest poet. In his works he was first

influenced by 18th century poets, and then by Lord Byron. Finally he developed bis own style, which was realistic but classical in form. His earliest long poem was romantic «Ruslan and Lyudmila» (1818-1820). А series of verse tales followed- «The Prisoner of theCaucasus», «The Robber Brothers», «The Fountain ofBakhchisarai», and «The Gypsies». They were inspired by Syren"s poetry. In 1823 Pushkin began writing his masterpiece «Eugene Onegin», anovel in verse. «Eugen Onegin» became the linguistic and literary standard. It is a commentary on the life of the early I 9th century Russia. It is noted for brilliant verse. He also wrote other long poems, including «Bronze Horseman» (1833), the finest collection of lyrics in Russian literature. Pushkin created also a number of masterpieces in drama and prose. «Little Tragedies» and «The Stone Guest» are among the best works in the world history of drama. Pushkin"s love to Russia"s past resulted in his historical drama, «Boris Godunov» (1825). «Tales of the Late l.P.Belkin», «Dubrovsky», «The Captain"s Daughter» are the most

important of his prose works. Pushkin"s use of Russian influenced the of great Russian writers Turgenev, Goncharov, Tolstoy. Pushkin"s early death shocked the country. Pushkin, called by many «the sun of Russian literature», belongs among the foremost poets and

writers of the world.

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln is the most famous example of the **American dream». Many Americans think that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position in th*irland. That was exactlywhat Lincoln did. He was born in 1809 in a small farm in Kentucky. When Abraham was quite young, the family moved to the wild forest land of Indiana. He

hardly had any education; he only learned to read and write and do simple arithmetic. In 1830 Abraham left his father"s farm and went to Springfield, Illinois. There he became a clerk in a store and worked hard to improve his education. In 1836 he became a lawyer.

He entered politics, too, and in 1834 became a candidate to the Parliament of Illinois. He soon became a force in the political life. In 1847 he went as a Congressman to the National Assembly (National Parliament).Slavery was then becoming a burning questions American politics. Many people in the Northern states wanted to abolish it, the Southern states

opposed the abolition. The Southerners said that it would mean economic ruin for them. The reason was that the prosperity of the South was based on

cotton-growing, and only Negroes worked there. The Southerners threatened that if the North didn"t ceaseits fight against slavery, the Southern states

would leave the Union. They wanted to form an independent «confederacy»*. In 1860 Lincoln was elected President of the USA. In 1861 seven

states left the Union and elected their own President, Jefferson Davis. The Confederacy was formed.Lincoln was strongly against slavery and even more strongly against the break-up of the Union. In 1862 the American Civil War between the North and the South began. At first the war went badly for the North. The Southerners headed by General Robert Lee and Colonel Jackson won some brilliant victories. But Lincoln did not lose courage. On April, 9 General Leesurrendered. The Civil War was over. Lincoln tried to convince former enemies that they should live in peace.On April, 14 the President and his wife visited a theatre in Washington. During the performance Lincoln was shot by an actor who supported Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln died next morning. People admire Lincoln for political moderation. They admire himbecause he tried to preserve the nation. He is a symbol of American democracy.

Пушкин - наиболее важный Российский автор всего времени, подобно Шекспиру в Англии или Dante в Италии. Пушкин обеспечил стандарты для Российских искусств и литературы в 19-ом столетии. Пушкин был рожден в Москве в 1799 в семейство верхнего класса. В 1811 он вступил в lyceum в Tsarskoye Соло. Предлагаемое образование

В lyceum формировал жизнь Пушкина. Он закончил lyceum в 1817 и начал работать в

Министерство иностранных дел в Санкт-Петербурге. В 1820 министерство иностранных дел передало(переместило) Пушкина Ekaterinoslav, и

Позже к Одессе для письма антицарской поэзии. В 1824, для его писем против царя, он был сослан к Mikhailovskoye. В 1824, Царь Николас I разрешил Пушкину возвращаться в Москву. Пушкин чувствовал влюбленным в Natalya Goncharova, - кто был lfrthen, и в 1830 они женились. Его жена подозревалась в деле с Бароном Георгесом d"Antes; это стало предметом сплетни. Пушкин бросил вызов d"Antes к поединку. Пушкин был ранен и умирался двумя днями позже. Пушкин был самый большой поэт России. В его работах он был первыйПод влиянием 18-ых поэтов столетия, и затем Богом Байрон. Наконец он развивал еще раз собственный стиль, который был реалистический, но классический в форме. Его самая ранняя длинная поэма была романтична " Ruslan и Lyudmila " (1818-1820). А Ряд рассказов стиха, сопровождаемых - " Заключенный

Кавказ "," Братья Грабителя "," Фонтан ofBakhchisarai ", и " Цыгане ". Они были вдохновлены поэзией Сирена. В 1823 Пушкин начал писать его шедевр " Юджин Онегин ", a

Роман в стихе. " Евген Онегин " стал лингвистическим и литературным стандартом. Это - комментарий относительно жизни ранних я 9-ое столетие Россия. Это отмечено за блестящий стих. Он также написал другие длинные поэмы, включая " Бронзовый Всадник " (1833), самое прекрасное собрание лирики в российской литературе. Пушкин создавал также множество шедевров в драме и прозе. " Немного Трагедий " и " Каменный Гость " являются среди лучших работ в мировой истории драмы. Любовь Пушкина к прошлому России закончилась его исторической драмой, " Борис Годунов " (1825). " Рассказы Последнего l. P.Belkin ", "Dubrovsky", " Дочь Капитана " является наиболее

Важный из его работ прозы. Использование Пушкина Русского повлияло больших Российских авторов Тургенева, Гончаров, Толстого. Ранняя смерть Пушкина потрясла страну. Пушкин, называемый многими " солнце Российской литературы ", принадлежит среди передовых поэтов иАвторы мира.

Абрахам Линкольн

Абрахам Линкольн - наиболее известный пример ** Американской мечты ". Много Американцев думают, что в их стране человек может подниматься от самого низкого до самого высокого положения(позиции) в th*irland. Это было точноЧто Линкольн делал. Он был рожден в 1809 в маленькой ферме в Штате Кентукки. Когда Абрахам был весьма молод, семейство, перемещенное в дикую землю леса Штата Индиана. ОнЕдва имел любое образование; он только учился читать и писать и делать простую арифметику. В 1830 Абрахам оставил ферму его отца и пошел в Спрингфилд, Штат Иллинойс. Там он стал клерком в складе(магазине) и упорно трудился, чтобы улучшить его образование. В 1836 он стал адвокатом.Он вступил в политику, также, и в 1834 стал кандидатом к Парламенту Штата Иллинойс. Он скоро стал силой в политической жизни. В 1847 он пошел как Конгрессмен в Национальное собрание (Национальный Парламент).Рабство тогда становилось горящей политикой Американца вопросов. Много людей в Северных государствах хотели отменить это, Южные государстваПротивопоставленный(выступленный против) отмена. Южане сказали, что это будет означать экономическое крушение для них. Причина была на то, что процветание Юга было основаноПри хлопковым рост, и только Негры работали там. Южане угрожали бы этому, если Север не прекращался

Его борьба против рабства, Южных государствОставил бы Союз. Они хотели формировать независимую "конфедерацию" *. В 1860 Линкольн был избран Президентом США. В 1861 семьГосударства оставили Союз и выбирали их собственного Президента, Джефферсона Дэвиса. Конфедерация была сформирована.

Линкольн был настоятельно против рабства и даже более настоятельно против разрыва Союза. В 1862 Американская Гражданская Война между Севером и Югом началась. Сначала война пошла ужасно для Севера. Южане, возглавляемые Генералом Роберт Ли и Полковник Джэксон выиграли некоторые блестящие победы. Но Линкольн не терял храбрость. 9 апреля Генерал ЛиОтданный. Гражданская Война была закончена. Линкольн пробовал убеждать прежних врагов, что они должны жить в мире.

14 апреля Президент и его жена посетили театр в Вашингтоне. В течение выполнения(работы) Линкольн был застрелен актером, кто поддержал Конфедерацию. Абрахам Линкольн умер следующим утром. Люди восхищаются Линкольном для политического замедления. Они восхищаются им

Потому что он пробовал сохранять нацию. Он - символ Американской демократии.

YOUR PASTIME AND HOBBY.

Hobby is what a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. The most popular hobby is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities from gardening to traveling, from chess to volleyball. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This hobby is becoming more and more popular. Making things include drawing, painting, handicrafts. Many people collect something - coins, stamps, compact discs, toys, books. Some collections have some value. Rich people often collect paintings, rare things and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries.

As for me, I like to listen to music. 3 months ago my parents bought me a compact disc player and I decided to collect compact discs. I like different music, it should be good. I collect discs of my favourite groups and singers. I carefully study the information printed on discbooklets. I try to find everything about my favourite singers. Also I like to watch music programmes on TV. I want to keep up with the news in the world of music.

Of course, I like to spend my spare time with my friends. We talk about all sorts of things (politics, teachers, girls). We discuss films, books, TV programmes. In fine weather we like to be in the open air. We find a nice place somewhere in the forest. We make a fire, bake potatoes and have a lot of fun. When the weather is bad, my friends come to my place. We have a good time together.

ВАШЕ ВРЕМЯПРЕПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ И ХОББИ.

Хобби - то, что человек любит делать в его запасном времени. Хобби отличаются подобно вкусам. Если Вы выбрали хобби согласно вашему характеру, и вкус Вы удачливы, потому что ваша жизнь становится более интересной. Наиболее популярное хобби делает вещи. Это включает широкое разнообразие действий от озеленения до путешествия, от шахмат до волейбола. И взрослые и дети любят играть различные компьютерные игры. Это хобби становится все более популярным. Вещи Создания включают рисунок, живопись, изделия кустарного промысла. Много людей собирают(забирают) кое-что - монеты, печати(марки), уплотняют диски, игрушки, книги. Некоторые собрания имеют некоторую ценность. Богатые люди часто собирают(забирают) картины, редкие вещи и другие художественные объекты(цели). Часто такие частные собрания даются музеям, библиотекам.

Что касается меня, я люблю слушать музыку. 3 месяца назад мои родители купили меня компактный игрок диска, и я решил собирать(забирать) компактные диски. Я люблю различную музыку, это должно быть хорошо. Я собираю(забираю) диски моих любимых групп и певцов. Я тщательно изучаю информацию, напечатанную на discbooklets. Я пробую найти все о моих любимых певцах. Также я люблю наблюдать программы музыки на ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИИ. Я хочу не отставать от новостей в мире музыки.

Конечно, я люблю тратить(провести) мое запасное время с моими друзьями. Мы говорим обо всех видах вещей (политика, преподаватели, девочки). Мы обсуждаем фильмы, книги, программы ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ. В прекрасной погоде мы любим быть в открытой площадке. Мы находим хорошее место где-нибудь в лесу. Мы делаем огонь(пожар), печем картофель и хорошо проводим время. Когда погода плоха, мои друзья прибывают в мое место. Мы хорошо проводим время вместе.

First of all i"d like to tell you about my school which i"ve just left. My school is one of the specialized schools in Moscow. It is famous for its high-quality education and strict discipline. To my mind, our school-lycium is very well equipped. It has a gym, a carteen, a library, a computer class and some labs(for example - chemistry lab or physics lab).

First two years in our lycium we had 7 or 8 lessons, but in 10th and 11th forms we had less lessons. What about our homework we usually had a lot to do and it took me several hours. I sometimes had to sit up to write a composition, to prepare a report, to traslate an article from English to Russian or to learn a poem by heart.

After classes we usually had some out-of-class activities.our social and cultural life was well-organized. For example, we had a choir and literature club.

At school we had classes in Russian, literature, mathematics, English, history and so on. My favourite subjects were English, History and Russian. On Russian we had a lot of fun situations and talks; history, to my mind, is a very interesting subject; and what about English, we need learning this language to be able to read books, listen to the news, speak with English speaking people and so on.

Now my plans for the future. I must say that when you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It"s not an easy task to make the right choice of a job. People choose profession according to their own interests and abilities. As far as i have a computer at home I"ve decided to enter some mathemetic institute. It is called МГАТУ(Moscow State Aviation- Technology University). I"ll be study there informatic and English. I think, today computer is very popular in our country and programmists are paid very much.

Моя школа

Сначала всех я хотел бы сообщить Вам о моей школе, которую я только что уехал. Моя школа - одна из специализированных школ в Москве. Это известно его высококачественным образованием и строгой дисциплиной. На мой взгляд, наша школа-lycium очень хорошо оборудована. Это имеет гимнастику, carteen, библиотеку, компьютерный класс и некоторые лаборатории (например - лаборатория химии или лаборатория физики).

Сначала два года в нашем lycium, мы имели 7 или 8 уроков, но в 10-ых и 11-ых формах, мы имели меньшее количество уроков. Что относительно нашей домашней работы мы обычно имели много, чтобы делать, и требуется меня несколько часов. Я иногда был должен сидеть до, пишут состав, готовить сообщение, к traslate статья(изделие) от Английского языка до Русского или изучать поэму сердцем.

После классифицирует, мы обычно имели некоторую activities.our социальную и культурную жизнь из-класса, был хорошо-организован. Например, мы имели хор и литературный клуб.

В школе мы имели классы(занятия) по-русски, литературу, математику, Английский язык, история и так далее. Мои любимые предметы были Английские, История и Русский. На Русском мы хорошо провели время ситуации и переговоры; история, к моему мнению, является очень интересным предметом; и что относительно Английского языка, мы нуждаемся в изучении этого языка, чтобы мочь читать книги, слушать новости, говорить с Английским языком, говорящим люди и так далее.

Теперь мои планы в течение будущего. Я должен говорить, что, когда Вы оставляете школу, Вы понимаете, что время, чтобы выбрать вашу будущую профессию прибыло. Это - не легкая задача делать правильный выбор работы. Люди выбирают профессию согласно их собственным интересам(процентам) и способностям. Насколько я имею компьютер, дома я решил входить в некоторый институт mathemetic. Это называется, МГАТУ (Москва Заявляет Авиацию - Университет Технологии). Я буду изучение там informatic и Английский язык. Я думаю, сегодня компьютер очень популярен в нашей стране, и programmists оплачен очень.

BOOKS IN MY LIFE

A book is one of the greatest wonders of world. Why are so many people fond of reading? The world of books is full of wonders. Together with the characters of books you can find yourself in different and countries, have a lot of adventures. The book is a faithful friend. They form our values and characters. We try to look like the characters of your favourite books: to be brave, honest, not to be silly and greedy, to be real friends. We enjoyed the beauty and wisdom of fairy-tales and fables when we were babies and Granny read them. They taught us to be kind, clever, hardworking, to understand other people and help them. They teach us to understand the beauty of nature, take care of it, to love our homeland.

Books have been with us since childhood. Who hasn’t read «Alice in the wonderland», «Mowgli»? Who hasn’t travelled with Marry Poppins to her imaginary world? Who hasn’t imagined himself to be Robinson Crusoe on the deserted island?

I have read a lot of interesting books, but my favourite book is «The adventures of Tom Sawyer» by Mark Twain. This well-known book is popular with the children all over the world.

The main character of the book is Tom Sawyer, who lived in a small town on the Mississippi River. He was a boy with a wild imagination. He and his friends often dreamed of different adventures. Tom was naughty, kind and brave. Besides he was noble. I like this boy because he teaches us to be true friends.

If you are not fond of reading, take a book to your liking or borrow it from the library and read it. Books are worth reading. Readly, they are our good friends.

КНИГИ В МОЕЙ ЖИЗНИ

Книга - одни из самых больших чудес мира. Почему - так много людей, любящих читающий? Мир книг полон чудесами. Вместе с характерами(знаками) книг Вы можете находить себя в различном и страны, иметь много приключений. Книга - преданный друг. Они формируют наши ценности и характеры(знаки). Мы пробуем напомнить характеры(знаки) ваших любимых книг: быть храбрым, честным, не быть глупым и жадным, быть реальными друзьями. Мы наслаждались красотой и мудростью сказок и басен, когда мы были младенцы, и Гранни читает им. Они учили нам быть добрыми, умными, трудолюбивыми, понимать других людей и помогать им. Они учат нам понимать красоту характера(природы), заботиться о этом, любить нашу родину.

Книги были с нами начиная с детства. Кто не читал " Алиса в стране чудес ", "Mowgli"? Кто не путешествовал с, женятся На Poppins на ее мнимом мире? Кто не вообразил, что с& будет Robinson Crusoe на пустынном острове?

Я читал много интересных книг, но моя любимая книга - " приключения Тома Савиера " Марком Тваином. Эта известная книга нравится детям во всем мире.

Главный характер(знак) книги - Том Савиер, кто жил в маленьком городе на Реке Mиссиссипи. Он был мальчик с диким воображением. Он и его друзья часто мечтали о различных приключениях. Том был непослушен, добр и храбр. Кроме того он был благороден. Я люблю этого мальчика, потому что он учит нам быть истинными друзьями.

St-PB is the second largest city in Russia. Its population is about five million people. The city is situated on the east shorn of the golf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. St-PB stands on the river Neva in its delta. The river is seventeen four kilometers long. It is the main waterway of the city. Many centuries ago these lands belong to Novgorod principality, but it the 17-century they were sired by Sweden. When Peter the first came to Russian troun he launched the war against Sweden. This war lasted for 21 years. And known as a north war. After one of the important battles Peter the first ordered to put up the fortress to protect these lands. It was built on the Heir Island and known as Peter and Paul fortress. Soon Peter the first decided build a new big city here. He invited famous architectures to build the city. Now it is one of most big cities in the world. It is famous for its famous museums, parks and cathedrals.

The Hermitage Gallery

I"d like to tell you about the Hermitage Gallery, one of the largest and well known museums in the world. Two months ago together with my classmates I was on an exersion in S. Petersburg.I visited many places of interest including the Hermitage Gallery.I was greatly impressed by visiting this museum of art. It was founded in 1764 by Ecatherine the Second when she bought 225 pictures in Berlin. Now the Hermitage consists of five buildings.

Now I"d like to tell you about pictures, sculptures and other works of art I"ve seen in the Hermitage Gallery. A great number of wonderful pictures are offered there. Everyone can find some kind of pictures to enjoy, for example the pictures by the world"s greatest masters: Michelangelo, Raphael, Rembrands, Rubens and many others. All great schools of paintings are represented there:Italian, Spanish, German etc.

A few words about sculptures. I saw a lot of vases, staues and fountains. The most beautiful thing I have ever seen was the fauntain belonged to Alexander the Second.Among other outstanding peices of art I saw the coach of Ecatherine the Second and beautiful gobelens. It took 60 years to made one of these gobelens.In conclusion I"d like to stress that no one can see everything for the one visit. To enjoy the Hermitage Gallery you must visit it several times.The State Hermitage in St Petrsburg is one of the world"s most outstanding art museums. It is the largest fine arts museum in Russia.World famour is the collection of West-European paintings covering a span of about seven hundreds years, from the 13th to the 20th centure, and comprising works by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, El |Greco. Velasquez, Murillo; outstanding paintings by Rembrandt, Va-Dyck, Rubens; a remarkable group of French 18th-centure canvases, and Impressionist and Post Impressionist paintings. The collection illustrates the art of Italy, Spain, Holland, Belgium, Germany, Austria, France, Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and some other countries. The West-European Department also includes a fine collectin of European sculpture, containing works by Michelangelo, Canova, Falconet, Houdon, Rodin and many other eminent masters. The Hermitage, together with the Pushkin Fine Arts Museum in Moscow, must be ranked among the richest in the world in respect of Impressionist art.In addition to the works of Western masters, the Hermitage has sections devoted to the arts of India, China, Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Pre-|Columbian America, Greece and Rome, as well as a department of prehistoric art, not to mention a section devoted to Scythian art. People come to admire the collections of tapestry, precious textiles, weapons, ivories, pottery, porcelain and furniture as well.

Санкт-Петербург

C--PB - второй по величине город в России. Его население - приблизительно пять миллионов человек. Город расположен на востоке, который стригут гольфа Финляндии Балтийского моря. C--PB выдерживает на реке Неву в ее дельте. Река семнадцать четыре километра длиной. Это - главный водный путь города. Много столетий назад эти страны принадлежат Новгородскому княжеству, но это 17-века они были sired Швецией. Когда Питер первый прибыл в Российский troun, он начал(запустил) войну против Швеции. Эта война продолжалась в течение 21 года. И известный как северная война. После одного из важных сражений Питер первый заказанный поднимать крепость, чтобы защитить эти страны. Это было основано Остров Наследника и известно как Крепость Пауля и Питер. Скоро Питер первый решительный строит новый большой город здесь. Он пригласил известный architectures строить город. Теперь это - один из наиболее больших городов в мире. Это известно его известными музеями, парками и соборами.

Галерея Эрмитажа

Я хотел бы сообщить Вам о Галерее Эрмитажа, один из самых больших и известных музеев в мире. Два месяца назад вместе с моими одноклассниками я был на exersion в S. Петербург. Я посетил много достопримечательностей, включая Галерею Эрмитажа. Я был очень увлечен, посещая этот музей искусства. Это было основано в 1764 Ecatherine Второй, когда она купила 225 картин в Берлине. Теперь Эрмитаж состоит из пяти зданий.

Теперь я хотел бы сообщить Вам о картинах, скульптурах и других произведениях искусства, что я видел в Галерее Эрмитажа. Большой номер(число) замечательных картин предлагается там. Каждый может находить, что некоторые картины наслаждаются, например картинами всемирными самыми большими владельцами(мастерами): Michelangelo, Рафаэл, Rembrands, Rubens и многие другие. Все большие школы картин представлены there:Italian, Испанец, Немец и т.д.

Несколько слов о скульптурах. Я видел много ваз, staues и фонтанов. Наиболее красивая вещь, которую я когда-либо видел, была fauntain, принадлежал Александру Второй.

Среди другого невыполненного(выдающегося) peices искусства я видел автобус(тренер) Ecatherine Второй и красивый gobelens. Требуется 60 лет к сделанному один из этих gobelens.

В заключении я хотел бы подчеркнуть, что никто не может видеть все для одного посещения. Чтобы наслаждаться Галереей Эрмитажа, Вы должны посетить это несколько раз.

Государственный Эрмитаж в C-Петрсбурге - один из всемирных наиболее невыполненных(выдающихся) художественных музеев. Это - самый большой музей искусств в России.

Мир famour - собрание Западных-европейских картин, закрывающих(охватывающих) промежуток приблизительно семисотовых лет, от 13-ого к 20-ому centure, и включению работ Леонардо da Vinci, Рафаэлом, Золотисто-каштановым, Эль-|Greco. Velasquez, Murillo; невыполненные(выдающиеся) картины Rembrandt, Va-Dyck, Rubens; замечательная группа французских 18-ых-centure холстов, и Импрессиониста и Почтовых картин Импрессиониста. Собрание иллюстрирует искусство Италии, Испании, Голландии, Бельгии, Германии, Австрии, Франции, Англии, Швеции, Дании, Финляндии и некоторых других стран. Западный-европейский Отдел также включает прекрасный collectin Европейской скульптуры, содержа работы Michelangelo, Canova, Falconet, Houdon, Rodin и многими другими выдающимися владельцами(мастерами). Эрмитаж, вместе с Пушкиным Фине арцом Музей в Москве, должен оцениться среди самого богатого в мире относительно искусства Импрессиониста.

В дополнение к работам Западных владельцев(мастеров), Эрмитажу посвятили секции к искусствам Индии, Китая, Древнего Египта, Месопотамии, Пред-| Америку Колумба, Грецию и Рим, также как отдел доисторического искусства, не говоря уже о секции, посвященной Scythian искусству. Люди прибывают, чтобы восхититься собраниями гобелена, драгоценного текстиля, оружия, ivories, глиняной посуды, фарфора и мебели также.

Mass media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization. People are united into one global community with the help of mass media. People can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass media. The mass media include newspapers, magazines,radio and television. The earliest kind of mass media was newspapers. The first newspaper was Roman handwritten newssheet called “Acta Diurna” started in 59 B.C. Magazines appeared in 1700’s. They developed from newspapers and bookseller’s catalogs. Radio and TV appeared only in this century. The most exciting and entertaining kind of mass media is TV. It brings moving pictures and sounds directly to people’s homes. Radio is widespread for its portablility. It means that radios can easily be carried around. People like listening to the radio on the beach or picnic, while driving a car or just walking down the street. Newspapers can present and comment on the news in much detail in comparison to radio or TV. Magazines don’t focus on daily, rapidly changing events. They provide more profound analysis of events of week.

СРЕДСТВА МАССОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ

Средства массовой информации - одна из наиболее характерных особенностей современной цивилизации. Люди объединены в одно глобальное сообщество с помощью средств массовой информации. Люди могут учиться о том, что случается в мире очень быстро использование средств массовой информации. Средства массовой информации включают газеты, журналы, радио и телевидение. Самый ранний вид средств массовой информации был газеты. Первая газета была Римский рукописный newssheet, называемый " Acta Diurna " брался 59 до н.э. Журналы появились в 1700-ых. Они развивались от каталогов продавца книг и газет. Радио и ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЕ появились только в этом столетии. Наиболее захватывающий и интересный вид средств массовой информации - ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЕ. Это приносит перемещающиеся картины и звуки непосредственно к народным домам. Радио широко распространено для его portablility. Это означает, что радио можно легко нести вокруг. Люди подобно слушанию радио на берегу(пляже) или пикнике, при движении автомобиля или только спуск с улицы. Газеты могут представлять и комментировать новости в большой детали по сравнению с радио или ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЕМ. Журналы не сосредотачиваются на ежедневном, быстро изменяя события. Они обеспечивают более глубокий анализ событий недели.

Уже в этом году предстоит сдать выпускной экзамен по английскому? Чтобы ты зря не волновался и на самом испытании чувствовал себя уверенно, расскажет о структуре экзамена, где найти билеты по английскому языку, и даст полезные советы, как вести себя в присутствии комиссии.

Коротко об экзамене

Испытание проходит в устной форме. Его цель — проверить навыки общения на английском, которые ты приобрёл за время обучения в школе. Подготовиться к экзамену лучше заранее: билеты по английскому языку можно купить в книжных магазинах или заказать на сайте OZ.by . Аудиоприложение к билетам можно скачать на сайте издательства «Аверсэв» . В аудиторию, где проходит экзамен, приглашают по четыре человека. Если ученик затрудняется ответить по билету, он может перетянуть его. Снижается ли в таком случае отметка? Этот вопрос решает комиссия.

Помни: экзамен по английскому начинается с того момента, когда ты вошёл в кабинет. Переступил порог — забудь русский язык, представь себя коренным англичанином. Поздоровайся с присутствующими: «Good morning!». Никаких «Hello!» и «Hi!». Ещё один важный момент: экзаменационный билет по-английски звучит как «examination card», а не «ticket». И не забудь назвать номер своего билета: «My examination card is number five» or «The number of my examination card is number five».

Экзамен по английскому языку состоит из трёх этапов

Тебе предстоит пройти аудирование, беседу по прочитанному тексту и на предложенную тему. Последовательность этапов определяет комиссия. Каждый блок заданий оценивается отдельно, итоговая отметка выводится как средняя арифметическая.

Беседа по прочитанному тексту

По номеру билета, который ты вытянешь, комиссия предлагает текст (научно-популярный, публицистический или художественный). Даётся примерно 20 минут на его прочтение и осмысление, так что будь внимателен. Перечитай текст несколько раз, обрати внимание на пояснения к нему (при наличии таковых), спроси себя, всё ли ты понял. Если увидел незнакомое слово, попробуй определить его значение по контексту.

Когда пойдёшь отвечать, листок с текстом будет у тебя перед глазами — подсматривай структуру предложений и отдельные слова, но не забывай отрывать глаза от написанного. Комиссия может спросить, о чём этот текст, какова его основная мысль, задать уточняющие вопросы.

Если не понял вопрос или отдельное слово, переспроси. Воспользуйся следующими выражениями: «Could you repeat the question / that, please?», «Could you say it once again, please?», «I didn’t understand / get it». Нужна буквально секунда, чтобы сориентироваться по ответу, — не впадай в ступор! Фразы «May I have a minute», «Let me think» помогут учителям понять, что ты собираешься с мыслями. Давай развёрнутые ответы, опираясь на содержание прочитанного. Но не сиди уткнувшись в текст, это произведёт плохое впечатление на комиссию.

Аудирование

Перед тем как приступить к прослушиванию записи, ты получаешь листок с вопросами, на которые потом будешь отвечать комиссии. Аудиозапись длится полторы минуты и представляет собой фрагмент радиопередачи, диалог, рассказ или интервью. На подготовку отводится 10 минут. Имена собственные и сложные для распознавания на слух слова даются в печатном виде.

Внимательно прослушай текст два раза: в первый пойми суть текста, во второй найди ответы на вопросы. Чтобы не тратить время на дословную запись, делай пометки, по которым сможешь дать развёрнутый ответ.

Беседа на предложенную тему

К разговорной части экзамена по английскому ты не готовишься заранее. На данном этапе проверяется умение излагать свою точку зрения, поддерживать беседу.

Не употребляй те слова, в значении или произношении которых ты не уверен. Замени их синонимами или перестрой фразу. Старайся разговаривать непринуждённо, улыбайся. Внимательно слушай вопросы учителей, переспрашивай, когда не понимаешь, отвечай развёрнутыми предложениями.

В конце экзамена поблагодари комиссию за внимание и попрощайся: «Thank you for your attention», «Thank you for taken time», «See you!», «Bye!», «Have a nice day!». Вежливость сыграет в твою пользу! Тренируйся на уроках английского языка, чтобы на экзамене чувствовать себя like a fish in water. А если нужна помощь профессионалов, чтобы прокачать уровень английского, .

Если материал был для тебя полезен, не забудь поставить «мне нравится» в наших соцсетях

Данный файл содержит ответы к заданиям 1 и 2 экзамена по английскому в 11 классе в Республике Беларусь в 2018 году. Ответы продумывались лично мной, поэтому возможно в каких-то случаях наши мнения могут не совпадать. Не судите строго. Я думаю, что данный материал облегчит учителям подготовку и проведение экзамена, так как билеты в этом году новые и ещё толком не проработанные. Пользуйтесь)))

Внизу под материалами есть слово СКАЧАТЬ!

Нажмите на него, чтобы скачать все ответы

Если что-то не получается, тогда пишите мне в ВК https://vk.com/id6446099

«texty_bilety_1-9»

Ответы на вопросы к заданию 1 (чтение)

Билет 1

Are you proud of being Belarusian?

This text is mostly about Belarus and author’s feelings to his/her country. We can find information about wonderful nature of Belarus, its rich heroic history, national holidays and traditions. And finally, we understand, that all this makes the author be proud of his/her motherland.

1 абзац

Frankly speaking, several things make the author be proud of his/her Motherland. These are the wonderful nature of Belarus, its rich heroic history, national holidays and traditions, and of course Belarusian people.

If the author were a creative person he/she would describe Belarus indifferent ways. If he/she could draw he/she would start drawing pictures with its beautiful landscapes; if he/she could write he/she would write lyric poems about it.

Unesco World Heritage List

This text is about Belarus as a member of UNESCO. We can find information about famous Belarusian sites which are in the Unesco World Heritage List. We can also read about other sites which the Belarusian government wants to be on the UNESCO List.

1. Today four Belarusian sites have already been included into the UNESCO World Heritage List . These are the following: the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park (added in 1992), the Mir Castle Complex (added in 2000), And 2005, two more sites were included into the UNESCO World Heritage List . They are the Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwills in Nesvizh and the Struve Geodetic Arc points .

   Belarus is going to propose to add Independence Avenue in Minsk for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the Socialist Postwar Architecture in Central and Eastern Europe .

My ideal school (сложныйтекст)

In this text we can read students’ opinions on ideal school. They speak about the disadvantages of modern schools. They also share with us their ideas about what should be done to make schools better for studying.

1. The children want to change many aspects at school: some of them want to change the impersonal attitude of some teachers; some children want the freedom to ask questions and get help to find answers and some of them think that schools should develop creativity and dreams and not try to make everyone normal.

   The children want more freedom to ask questions and learn more from their experience. They are sure that has the right to be free and choose what to be and what not to be.

Anna’s Diary

This text is about a girl Anna and her experience of writing in a diary. Anna tells about close people she has and about true reasons why she started keeping a diary.

2 абзац

Anna has loving parents and a sixteen­year­old sister, and there are about thirty people she can call friends. She also has a bunch of admirers. She has a family, loving aunts and a good home.

Anna started writing in a diary because she didn’t have a true close friend whom she could trust all her secrets and with whom she could share her real feelings and emotions.

Be kind and stay safe

This text is about how to stay safe online. We can find some useful tips on being safe in the Internet. We can also learn about Safer Internet Day and its aims.

1. To stay safe online we should be polite, should always check the security settings, we shouldn’t post our personal information. We sholdn’t post anything online that we wouldn’t want people in real life to see. And if we see something online that worries or upsets us, we should tell an adult.

   Safer Internet Day tries to help people to use the Internet correctly. It is organized to promote safe and responsible use of online technology and mobile phones.

Christmas Tree

This text is about a very close-knit family, who tried to save the Christmas tree as long as they could so that their beloved family member Clifton could see it and enjoy Christmas.

1 абзац

Clifton was one of the Tuskegee Airmen and was responsible for maintaining the airplanes flying off to fight in World War II.

All the family members tried to save the Christmas tree as long as they could. Every day they took turns sweeping pine needles and moved the ornaments to the stronger branches on the tree. They managed to keep the tree till March. These facts show that all the family loved Clifton very much.

The Condemned Room

This text is about a girl Sam and her messy room. We can find the description of Sam’s room and the room of her brother. We can also read Sam’s thoughts about the situation and learn her final decision.

It wasn’t fair. She was always getting the Condemned sign. Her brother hardly ever did. And his room was really disgusting, with posters of rock stars and basketball stars and movie stars wearing tiny bikinis covering every inch of his walls. But, her mother pointed out, his floor was clean and his desk as well. That was all she cared about.

For days Sam’s mother never came up to her room. But one day she found of that Sam’s room was very messy. That made Sam’s Mum write a message.

From my point of view Sam isn’t going to clean the room in the near future because it is not easy to do the cleaning with the freshly painted finger nails.

Great grandad

This text is about authors problems with algebra. We can read how the girl’s Grandad helped her understand the subject. We can also find out what the author discovered about her Grandad.

1 абзац

He compared algebra with PE. He explained the use of the subject in a simple way. He made the author see that it was possible to enjoy algebra and made it interesting for her.

She learnt that Grandad’s world was full of miracles and mazes 3 , mirrors and misleading signs. He was fascinated by riddles and codes and labyrinths 4 , by the origin of place names, by grammar, by slang, by jokes, by anything that might mean something else. She discovered Her Grandad.

Билет 9

AN INTERVIEW

This interview is about the use of technological means of communication. We can find information about the benefits of the computers. We can also find out how technological means of communication help businessmen. And there are also some thoughts about misusing the technologies.

2 абзац I think the benefits of the computers cannot be denied. They save valuable time and space. Time­consuming tasks such as checking bank accounts can now be done in a matter of minutes and a large volume of information is economically stored on tiny disks. In addition, with immediate access to the Internet, we can always keep up with global and current issues and explore the world from the comfort of our homes.

For those working in the world of business, life would be much more difficult as it would take much longer to get in touch with other companies and to come to agreement on important matters.

Many people spend hours just chatting about silly, unimportant things or looking through sites for no special reason even at work.

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«аудирование билеты 1-15»

Аудирование

Билет 1

II. Listen to the story about a girl and answer the questions below.

1. Why was Whitney worried about going to college?

Whitney was a bit shy and she was nervous because she was going to share a room with a complete stranger and live far from her parents. And she has no idea how she was going to make friends.

2. How did she find a friend?

In her first English class she was asked to tell something about herself. And she said that her goal for that class was to make just one good friend. And one of the students came to Whitney and introdused himself and asked if she would be his friend.

3. What lesson did Whitney learn?

Whitney learned the power of asking of what she wanted, being honest and taking action.

Билет 2

II. Listen to the career counsellor speaking about choosing a career and answer the questions below.

1. Why is choosing the right job very important?

Choosing the profession influences all our life. It is like choosing a wife or a husband, or choosing friends to rely on.

2. Which jobs are popular among young people at present?

Young people usually try to get jobs that are paid well. These are jobs connected with buisiness, information technology, politics and so on.

3. What advice does the speaker give?

While choosing a job you should take into concideration such things as talent and personal interest. You should have the ability to the profession you have chosen and your job should bring you joy and satisfaction.

Билет 3

1. What is wrong with the accommodation?

The hotel is OK but not perfect. The heating doesn"t always work and the breakfast in very early in the morning.

2. Why did the boy oversleep?

There was another boy in that room and he snored realy badly and he couldn"t sleep at all.

3. What agreement did he reach with the person on Reception?

The receptionist said that she would send an engineer if there were any that day to fix the problem.

Билет 4

II. Listen to Alice speaking about her first job and answer the questions below.

1. What job did Alice do?

Alice worked as a shop-assistant in her uncle"s shop.

2. What difficulties did she have?

The most difficult things were dealing with customers and working with money.

3. What kind of knowledge and skills did she get at her first job?

She became more tolerant and open, more serious and responsible. And she also managed to become more relaxed and easy-going.

Билет 5

II. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

1. Where does the conversation take place?

The conversation takes place at the health club (or "Be Health" club)

2. What is the man interested in?

The man is interested where the jym is, if there is a yoga class and if there is a car park there.

3. How much do you need to pay monthly?

You need to pay 50 pounds a month.

Билет 6

II. Listen to three teenagers talking about homework and answer the questions below.

1. Why does the first speaker dislike doing homework?

The first speaker dislike doing homework because it affects his family. They can go out with a family because he has to do his homework and it puts them in a bad mood.

2. What does the second speaker have regrets about?

The second speaker have regrets about copying her homework at school and now she has problems with doing homework at college.

3. What are the benefits of doing homework according to the third speaker?

It develops our sense of logic. It makes you more intelligent and enhances your personality. It makes us more disciplined and ready for future working obligations.

Билет 7

II. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

1. Where was Tina going to?

Tina was going to Hong Kong from London.

2. What happened at the airport?

She came late to the aiport thinking that she had missed the flight. But the flight was delayed and Tina had to wait for nine hours.

3. Why was Tina scared during the flight?

There was a huge storm, the plain started bouncing around all over the place and the oxigen masks dropped down.

Билет 8

II. Listen to the member of the Greenpeace organisation telling a story about whales and answer the questions below.

1. How did Uncle Roger explain to the boy why the whales were on the beach?

Somtimes whales go crazy and throw themselves on the beach. Dirty water makes them that crazy. Plants and factories throw rubbish into the water.

2. How did the people help them?

Some people brought ropes and they pulled the whale into the water.

3. How did this event affect the story-teller s life?

He decided to study the ocean and protect animals. He became a member of GreenPeace and his priority is to protect whales.

Билет 9

II. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

1. Where does the action take place?

The action took place in the author"s grandmother"s big old house near London.

2. What happened to the furniture in the grandmother"s room?

All the furniture in his grandmother"s bedroom was on the left side of the room and the carpet was on the other side.

3. Why were Martin and his friend scared?

They were crared because the furniture was really heavy and they heard just a tiny noise. And grannny said it had happened before and she did"t mind.

Билет 10

II. Listen to the girl speaking about her eating habits and answer the questions below.

1. What problem does the girl have?

The girl can"t stop eating chocolate.

2. What makes the girl think that her habit is harmful?

Chocolate contains a lot of sugar and fat so the girl has a lot of spots on her face and she is a little overweight.

3. Why can"t she stop eating chocolate?

First the chocolates are sold everywhere. Then if she doesn"t eat them she had very bad headackes and if she eats she feels better and happier.

Билет 11

II. Listen to the interview with Mr Ron Cansler taken by the Youth Magazine and answer the questions below.

1. How old is Mr Cansler?

Mr Cansler is 99

2. What kind of life did he have when he was young?

He was one of 10 children. They were happy if they had enough to eat and they worked hard on a farm.

3. What does he recommend listeners to do?

He recommends to be as active as possible and have a positive attitude.

Билет 12

II. Listen to the conversation between Nancy and her mum and answer the questions below.

1. What do Nancy’s parents worry about?

Nancy"s parent are worried because Nancy hasn"t cleaned her room for 3 day already.

2. Why does Nancy refuse to do household chores?

Nancy said that she didn"t have to clean up her room at college. And the parents shouldn"t worry because its her room.

3. What arguments does Mum use to make Nancy clean the room?

Her father said that the plague will start in her room. And her mother insisted on an idea of making beds in the morning and asked Nancy to do it to please them.

Билет 13

II. Listen to the advice how to make a good friend and answer the questions below.

1. How do people feel if they have no friend?

People who don"t have friends feel lonely and unhapy.

2. What qualities does a good friend have?

Compassion, attention, honesty and carying are the main qualities of a good friend.

3. Why is it good to be a real friend?

It will make your life different: full, meaningful and interesting. You feel the joy you can"t experience being alone.

Билет 14

II. Listen to Huan, a Chinese man, speaking about moving out and answer the questions below.

1. Why do young people prefer to live with their parents in Hong Kong?

First it is expensive to rent a flat in Hong Kong. Secondly the Chineese traditional value of family supposes you to take care of your parents.

2. How did Huan"s parents react to his decision?

They supported his idea but they thought that he would understand how good it is to live with them.

3. What are the advantages of living on your own?

First he saves his travelling time to work and his travelling cost. Then has his personal space and freedom. He can make his own decisions and he can also invite friends to stay late.

Билет 15

II. Listen to the tour guide and answer the questions below.

1. What sort of tour is it?

It is a fantastic tour of London by an open-top bus.

2. What will the tourists see on the tour?

The torists will see all the famous sites: Madam Tussaud"s Museum, Oxford Street, Westminster Abbey, The Houses of Parliament, The London Eye, Tower Bridge and the Tower of London and Buckingham Palace.

3. Why does the tourist ask to return the money?

The tourist asked to return the money because it was going to rain heavily and the guide didn"t have any extra umbrellas.

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«билеты 20-25»

Билет 20

ARE YOU READY TO BE INDEPENDENT?

1. This text is about Dr Rowlands and her test of independence. From this text we find out that modern teenagers are not ready for independent life and are not able to do the simpliest things around the house.

2. 1 абзац

3. Parents took the plug off the microwave and took out some good light bulbs and put in light bulbs that did not work. They also made sure that there were other problems in the house: with an Italian coffee machine and one of the taps in the bathroom.

4. On the one hand the children managed to solve all the promlems, but on the other hand they did in only using money and professional help. So we can say that they are not ready for independent life.

Билет 21

Technology

1. This text is about using technology in our everyday routine. The author proves that we can"t imagine our life without technological devices. We can also learn some facts about online volunteering and how it helps people around the world.

2. 1 абзац

3. The author often uses his TV, DVD, game console, laptop and mobile phone when he is at home. And he almost always uses his mobile phone or laptop connecting to wireless networks when he is out of home.

4. There is so much that so many people can do to help people in their own countries and across the world, from using your language skills to do translations, to developing and managing projects and helping with IT work. This work can support the poor and help charities who otherwise would not have the funding to pay for staff.

Билет 22

From librarian to political reporter

1. This text is aboy Jessica Winters and how she took part in a famoust TV show "The Pretenders". We can read about the work she had to cope with during the show and about the results she achieved.

2. 1 абзац

3. She didn"t know that two of her friends had sent her name to the TV company to take part in The Pretenders. First she said No but hen agreed.

4. It as an exciting and useful experience for Jessica because she gained a lot of confidence and she understood that she is capable of many thing becides her quiet job.

Билет 23

Mi Luna

1. This text is about a wonderful Spanish restaurant with a lively atmosphere - Mi Luna. We can find the description of an interior. We can also read about the menu and about nice and pleasant servise.

2. The service is pleasant, caring and quick. It makes you want to come back. The waiters just keep looking at your table to find out if you need something. If they see an empty glass, they immediately ask you if you want something else to drink. At all time, they are friendly and ready to clear all the used dishes from your table. They are always smiling because they are trying to make you feel comfortable and happy. They know each dish, so they are able to explain it to you.

3. First it is painted with the classical colours that are used in Spain - red, yellow, white, and black. On the walls, there are photos of Spanish bullfighters, taken at the perfect moments of their performances. You can also enjoy a photo of the famous classical Spanish dance called Flamenco.

4. People are sure to be entirely satisfied and have very good memories of the visit to Mi Luna. It is a great place for any occasion, but it is very busy, so visitors should make reservations in Mi Luna in advance.

Билет 24

WE ARE YOUNGER THAN WE EVER WERE

1. This text is about the world’s largest educational and travel organisation for older adults - Elderhostel. We can learn about the programmes and activities it provides to elderly people. We can also find information about how it helps people to keep a positive self­image and contributes to the sense of well­being both mental and physical.

2. 2 абзац

3. Elderhostel offers a large number of programmes in a huge variety of areas. People study ancient history, literature, and art. It also offers a lot of sport activities. There is also a group of adventure programmes involving activities like hiking, kayaking, biking and studying whales. There are also programmes which give people the chance to help communities in different ways, such as protecting endangered species, tutoring school children and building affordable housing.

4. The word ‘old’ have a positive meaning in Elderhostel because it means "experienced". And you could never be too old to do things that give you pleasure and joy of life.

Билет 25

QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION

1. This text is about the Internet and the opportunities it gives to young people. The author also gives some tips on how to use the Internet carefully and how to stay safe in a dangerous world of networks.

2. 2 абзац

3. The Internet nowadays is compared to a huge city full of many different kinds of places and people. As in a real city, there are certain places which are suitable for youngsters and others which need to be avoided.

4. The Internet neither belongs to nor is controlled by any one person, organisation or government. And there are those who might use it for illegal purposes. And youngsters can also spend all their free time in front of the computer, isolating themselves from other people their age. That"s why it is important to use the Internet sensibly.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

№ 1

Are you proud of being Belarusian?

I am Belarusian because my parents who gave me life and brought me up are Belarusian. And what if I were born in a different country on a different continent? In my opinion, a sense of pride in your country, a sense of belonging to a particular nation develops in a person with time. Therefore at my age, by the way I am 18, I can say quite positively, that I am proud to live in Belarus.

The real treasure of Belarus is its wonderful nature. The country has hundreds of wild forests, rolling hills, green valleys, sweet-scented meadows and golden fields. Beloveshzkaya Pushcha is the only place where you can meet mighty European bison in the wild. Belarus is also famous for its clear lakes and ribbon-like rivers, that’s why it’s called a blue-eyed one. The resorts of lakes Naroch and Braslav are open all year round and let tourists experience the unforgettable peaceful atmosphere.

I am proud of the rich heroic history of my country and its people. Although for many centuries we were part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwelth and then the Russian Empire, we have managed to stay united and haven’t lost our uniqueness. Many foreigners admit that our people are extremely sociable, hospitable, and generous and we are welcoming with visitors. We are also described as resourceful and peaceful. When socializing, Belarusians are open, warm-hearted, fun-loving, humorous and outgoing in spite of all the difficulties they face in their life.

Of course I’m proud of our national holidays and traditions, especially those which are deep-rooted and typical of our nation such as Kalyady, Maslenitsa, Dazhynki. They are unique and make us stand out. Besides, they are of particular interest for tourists because they reflect our culture.

In conclusion, I’d like to say that I’m proud of my country and its people. Each time I go abroad I tell foreigners about our great past and achievements. Each time I leave the country I want to come back again, because I miss it. If I could draw I would start drawing pictures with its beautiful landscapes; if I could write I would write lyric poems about it. Belarus is the place my heart will always belong to!

2. When did the author understand that he/she is proud of being Belarusian? Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What makes the author be proud of his/her Motherland?

4. What would the author do if he/she were a creative person?

II. Listen to the story about a girl and answer the questions below.

1. Why was Whitney worried about going to college?

2. How did she find a friend?

3. What lesson did Whitney learn?

№ 2

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

UNESCO World Heritage 1 List

Belarus joined UNESCO in 1954. During many years, Belarus has been building up fruitful and dynamic relations with international organizations. Belarus programme of UNESCO activities includes numerous interesting projects in the fields of education, science, information, communications, and, of course, culture. In October 1988, Belarus joined the Convention on the Protection of theWorld Cultural and Natural Heritage. Today 4 Belarus sites have already been included into the UNESCO World Heritage List .

In 1992, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park, a natural heritage object and a unique European forest reserve which has been protected since the 14th century, was the first one to become a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

In 2000, the Mir Castle Complex , which was built at the beginning of the 16th century, was also added to the UNESCO World Heritage List . The successful combination of Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance architecture 2 makesMir Castle one of Europe’s most impressive castles. In 2005, two more sites were included into the UNESCO World Heritage List . They are the Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwills in Nesvizh and the Struve Geodetic Arc points 3 .

For centuries the Nesvizh Palace used to be the residence of the Radziwills, one of the richest families in Europe. Today the National Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve Nesvizh is a wonderfully restored castle, which is visited by hundreds of tourists from all parts of the world. No wonder, it has become a landmark of Belarus.

TheStruve Arc is a world famous construction. The same sorts of points are in 10 countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova, all together 265 points. According to the historical data, there were 31 geodesic points in Belarus, and only 19 survived.

Belarus is going to propose to add Independence Avenue in Minsk for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the Socialist Postwar Architecture in Central and Eastern Europe .

1 heritage [ˈheritidʒ] наследие

2 Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance architecture [ˈgoθɪk, bəˈrok, rɪˈneɪsəns ˈɑːkɪtektʃə]

3 the Struve Geodetic Arc points [ˈstruːv ˌdʒiːəʊˈdetɪk ˈɑːk ˈpɔɪnts] ГеодезическаядугаСтруве, представляющаясобойцепьопорныхпунктовнаблюдения

2. Belarus is a member of UNESCO: Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. Which Belarusians sites are included on the list for protection?

4. What other sites does Belarusian government want to be on the UNESCO List?

II. Listen to the speaker speaking about choosing a career and answer the questions below.

1. Why is choosing the right job very important?

2. Which jobs are popular among young people at present?

3. What advice does the speaker give?

III. Let’s talk about the education.

№ 3

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

My ideal school

My ideal secondary school is a safe haven 1 . It shouldn’t be a place you hate going to, but a place you enjoy attending. I believe it should be social, as well as educational experience. A school should always have a soul… there should always be laughter ringing through the corridors. (Angela, 15, Moscow)

My ideal school is a school quite unlike any school we’ve heard of. This school consists of a large library and basic recreational facilities. There are no classrooms. The school is built on the idea of active learning. No student is forced to learn. (Tanya, 14, Rome)

School is the mould 2 , which shapes our future. It’s where we spend most of our valuable time — childhood. Yet I know from firsthand experience that many aspects should be changed: the impersonal attitude of some teachers who do everything only for results, instead of creating happy moments and valuable life experience for young people. These young people are far from being an ‘empty pot’ who are ready to be filled with knowledge. They are simply locked boxes full of potential which should be discovered by caring and encouraging teachers. (Anna, 15, Riga)

Schools may be getting good results but they are not helping the students as individuals. It seems to me that it’s the learner who should ask questions. Give us the freedom to ask questions and do help us to find answers. Don’t you see we learn more from our experience and when people trust and respect us? We learn from our mistakes as well. (Hero Joy, 14, Kent)

I think differences make the world go around. Good teachers know it more than Maths rules. I think school must teach differences. And at the moment some schools are doing the opposite, trying to make everyone normal. (Kate, 13, London)

Schools should develop creativity and dreams. When schools teach people not to seek knowledge on their own, people become passive. Everybody has the right to be free and choose what to be and what not to be, schools do not give that option, they have a ‘well organised’ systematic life for you, in which you have to fit. (Luis, 15, Boston)

1 a safe haven [ˈheɪvn]надёжноеи безопасноеместо

2 a mould матрица, шаблон

1. One of the children says that school should have a soul. Find this extract and read it aloud.

2. What do the children want to change at school?

3. Why do the children want more freedom?

1. What is wrong with the accommodation?

2. Why did the boy oversleep?

3. What agreement did he reach with the person on Reception?

№ 4

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

Anna’s diary

SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1942

Writing in a diary is a really strange experience for someone like me. Not only because I’ve never written anything before, but also because it seems to me that later on neither I nor anyone else will be interested in the thoughts of a thirteen-year-old schoolgirl. Oh well, it doesn’t matter. I feel like writing, and I have an even greater need to get all kinds of things off my chest 1 .

“Paper has more patience than people.” I thought of this saying on one of those days when I was feeling a little depressed and was sitting at home with my chin in my hands. I was bored and wondering whether to stay in or go out. I finally stayed where I was and decided to start a diary. Yes, paper does have more patience, and since I’m not planning to let anyone else read this notebook, unless I should ever find a real friend, it probably won’t make a bit of difference.

Now I’m back to the point that prompted me to keep a diary in the first place: I don’t have a friend. Let me put it more clearly, since no one will believe that a thirteen-year-old girl is completely alone in the world. And I’m not. I have loving parents and a sixteen-year-old sister, and there are about thirty people I can call friends. I have a bunch of admirers who can’t keep their adoring eyes off me and who constantly try to catch a glimpse 1 of me in the classroom. I have a family, loving aunts and a good home. No, on the surface I seem to have everything, except my one true friend.

All I think about when I’m with friends is having a good time. I can’t bring myself to talk about anything but ordinary everyday things. We don’t seem to be able to get closer, and that’s a problem. Maybe it’s my fault that we don’t trust each other. In any case, that’s just how things are. That’s why I started the diary.

To enhance 3 the image of this long-awaited friend in my imagination, I don’t want to write only about facts, but I want the diary to be my friend, and I am going to call this friend Kitty.

1 to get off one’s chest облегчитьдушу

2 a glimpse [ɡlɪmps] взгляд

3 to enhance[ɪnˈhɑːns] усилить

2. The author explains why she decided to keep a diary. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What close people did Anna have?

4. Why did Anna start writing in a diary?

II. Listen to Alice speaking about her first job and answer the questions below.

1. What job did Alice do?

2. What difficulties did she have?

3. What did she learn at work?

III. Let’s talk about the environment.

№ 5

Be kind and stay safe

Everybody knows that we should be polite and kind to people in real life and online. Unfortunately this doesn’t always happen. Where can you report online abuse 1 or unkind messages to yourself or your friends? Do you know how to report and complain about harmful information online? For example, if you see an inappropriate tweet on Twitter you can click on ‘more’ and then choose ‘Report tweet’. You can then block all further tweets from that user.

Even celebrities can be cyberbullied 2 . Tom Daley, the British Olympic diver, was abused online. His father died during the 2012 Olympic Games and Tom received some very cruel tweets about his indifference towards his father’s health.

Here are our top tips for staying safe online:

1. Be nice! Treat people online as you do in real life.

2. Don’t post anything online that you wouldn’t want people in real life to see.

3. Check your privacy and security settings on social media sites and keep them as private as possible. Make sure you know exactly who can see your posts.

4. Don’t ever post personal information like your home address, your email or your phone number.

5. If you see something online that worries or upsets you, tell an adult about it straight away.

6. Take part in Safer Internet Day.

Safer Internet Day, or SID for short, tries to help people to use the Internet correctly. SID started in 2004 and is organised in February every year in 74 countries around the world to promote safe and responsible use of online technology and mobile phones. Each year there is a different topic such as cyberbullying or social networking. The focus for SID’s next campaign is “Let’s create a better internet together”. SID organisers want children and young people, parents and teachers, as well as industry and politicians to work together to build a better internet for all of us, but particularly for children.

There are special lessons prepared for schoolchildren on Safer Internet Day in Britain. You can find out about SID on this website: http://www.saferinternet.org.uk/.

1 abuse [əˈbjuːs] оскорбление

2 to be cyberbullied [ˈsaɪbəbʊlɪd] бытьпреследуемымвкиберпространстве

2. The journalist writes how to stop bad messages on Twitter. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What can we do to stay safe online?

4. Why is SID a good way to stop abuse on the Internet?

II. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

1. Where does the conversation take place?

2. What is the man interested in?

3. How much do you need to pay monthly?

№ 6

I. 1. Read the magazine article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

Christmas Tree

Just before Christmas in 1944, a letter arrived at our house in Philadelphia. The postmark was from Tuskegee, Alabama, so we all knew who it was from. We excitedly gathered around Mother as she opened it.

My Dear Mother,

I did not get the leave I expected for Christmas. I will miss all of you. Please leave the Christmas tree up until I make it back. I hope to be home by March.

Love from your son,

I was 17 years old at the time. My heart sank. I felt a deep sadness that my favourite brother would not be home for Christmas. He was one of the Tuskegee Airmen 1 and was responsible for maintaining 2 the airplanes flying off to fight in World War II. My mother, being the optimist, said, “Well, it looks like we’ll get to have two Christmases this year!” After Christmas, my sister and I worked together to make sure we kept that Christmas tree looking as pretty as possible. This was no easy feat.

By mid-January, the branches dropped so low to the ground that they became a sliding board for the decorations. Each day, ornaments would come crashing to the ground and there were brand new pine needles 3 all over the wooden floor. My sister and I took turns sweeping them up. We moved the ornaments to the stronger branches on the tree, hoping they would stay on.

Each time we freshened that tree up, my sister and I were full of thoughts about Clifton and how happy we would be to see him again. It made us feel that he was close by, even though he was hundreds of miles away. On March 5, the doorbell rang. We ran to the door and gave Clifton a big hug. As he hugged Mother, I could see him looking over her head at the Christmas tree.

“It’s beautiful,” he said. “Thank you.” Clifton opened his presents and told us all sorts of stories about his work in Tuskegee. That night as we slept, we heard a crash in the living room. We all ran to see what had happened. The tree had toppled 4 onto the sofa and there were needles and broken ornaments everywhere.

We all had a good laugh. It was fortunate that Clifton got!

1 Tuskegee Airmen пилотыизТаскиги

2 to maintain обслуживать, готовить

3 a pine needle [ˈpaɪnˌ niːdl] сосноваяиголка

4 to topple [ˈtɒpl]опрокинуться, свалиться

2. The family got a message from Clifton. Find the extract which says about it and read it aloud.

3. What was Clifton’s job?

4. What proves that all the family loved Clifton very much?

II. Listen to three teenagers talking about homework and answer the questions below.

1. Why does the first speaker dislike doing homework?

2. What does the second speaker regret about?

3. What are the benefits of doing homework according to the third speaker?

III. Let’s talk about sport and a healthy way of life.

№ 7

I. 1. Read the magazine article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

The Condemned Room 1

Dear Mom,

I am working very hard on cleaning my room. But I want to go to Katy’s this afternoon to work on our Halloween costumes. Can I finish tomorrow? I would get up early and do it before breakfast and I’ll do a good job. Please, w rite back. Love, The Prisoner in Tower # 3

Dear Prisoner, No.

Love, Mom.

For days Sam’s mother never came up to her room. And then one day Sam would come home from school and find the Condemned sign on her door. Her mother had made the sign. It said: “The room is condemned. Its owner may not go anywhere or do anything until the area is restored”. In other words, Sam was to stay in until she cleaned her room.

It wasn’t fair. She was always getting the Condemned sign. Her brother hardly ever did. And his room was really disgusting, with posters of rock stars and basketball stars and movie stars wearing tiny bikinis covering every inch of his walls. But, her mother pointed out, his floor was clean and his desk as well. That was all she cared about.

Sam had been in her room for three hours now. She sat on the floor, looking at everything she was supposed to be putting away. It was possible she might be there all day. There were her clothes, lying high on her chair and overflowing onto the floor. Dirty shoes. An umbrella from when it rained on Tuesday. Library books. Magazines with pictures of cool teen-movie stars that Rebecca had given her. Her piano music from yesterday’s lesson. And different little things: nail polish remover, cotton balls, a tennis-ball, a note pad from Katy, rocks from rock collection they were making for science, pencils, chewing gum. And about twelve dirty handkerchiefs.

The thing to do, Sam decided, was sort everything into piles. A pile of dirty laundry, a pile of her dresser drawers, a pile to throw away. That was how her father, the organization man, would do it. She sighed. It was impossible to imagine she couldn’t leave her room all week-end. She decided to paint her finger nails instead.

1 condemned room комната, признаннаянебезопаснойдляпроживания

2. The author tells us about her brother’s room. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What made Sam’s Mum write a message?

4. Is Sam going to clean the room? Why do you think so?

II. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

1. Where was Tina going?

2. What happened at the airport?

3. Why was Tina scared during the flight?

№ 8

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

Great grandad

It was a funny, surprising thing that brought Grandad back to me. It was algebra. I couldn’t cope with algebra in my first year at secondary school, and it made me mad. “I don’t see the point of it,” I screamed. “I don’t know what it’s for!”

Grandad, as it turned out, liked algebra and he sat opposite me and didn’t say anything for a while, considering my problem in that careful expressionless way of his.

Eventually he said, “Why do you do PE 1 at school?”

“What?”

“PE. Why do they make you do it?”

“Because they hate us?” I suggested.

“And the other reason?”

“To keep us fit, I suppose.”

“Physically fit, yes.”

He reached across the table and put the first two fingers of each hand on the sides of my head.

“There is also mental fitness, isn’t there? I can explain to you why algebra is useful. But that is not what algebra is really for.”

He moved his fingers gently on my head.

“It’s to keep what is in here healthy. PE is for the head. And the great thing is you can do it sitting down. Now, let us use these little puzzles here to take our brains for a jog.” 2

And it worked. Not that I fell in love with algebra. But I did come to see that it was possible to enjoy it. Grandad taught me that maths signs and symbols were not just marks on paper. They were not flat. There were three-dimensional, and you could approach them from different directions. You could take them apart and put them together in a variety of shapes, like Lego. I stopped being afraid of them.

I didn’t know it at the time, of course, but those homework sessions helped me to discover my Grandad. Algebra turned out to be the key that opened the invisible door he lived behind and let me in.

Now I learnt that Grandad’s world was full of miracles and mazes, mirrors and misleading signs. He was fascinated by riddles and codes and labyrinths, by the origin of place names, by grammar, by slang, by jokes — although he never laughed at them — by anything that might mean something else. I discovered My Grandad.

1 PE [ˌpiːiː] физкультура

2 take our brains for a jog [ˈteɪk əʊə ˈbreɪnz fər əˈdʒɒɡ] шевелитьмозгами

2. The author says she had problems with algebra. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. How did Granddad help the author understand the subject?

4. What else did the author understand about her Granddad?

II. Listen to the member of the Greenpeace organisation telling a story about whales and answer the questions below.

1. Why were the whales on the beach?

2. How did the people help them?

3. How did this event affect the story-teller’s life?

№ 9

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

AN INTERVIEW

Journalist: Do people in your country depend a lot on technology for communication?

Businessman: Yes. Everybody’s using all kinds of phones, mobiles and internet services. I think the benefits of the computers cannot be denied. They save valuable time and space. Time-consuming tasks such as checking bank accounts can now be done in a matter of minutes and a large volume of information is economically stored on tiny disks. In addition, with immediate access to the Internet, we can always keep-up with global and current issues and explore the world from the comfort of our homes.

Journalist: Do you manage to keep up with the development of technologies?

Businessman: I think the fact that methods in business have moved ahead at such speed has meant that we generally have to keep up with it all, whether we want to or not. Otherwise, we’ll be left behind. In fact this need to keep up has also entered the home, where a lot of people spend much money on computer equipment when all they do is play games.

Journalist: How different would everyday life be without technological means of communication?

Businessman: Of course, life would be very different without all these means of communication. For those working in the world of business, life would be much more difficult as it would take much longer to get in touch with other companies and to come to agreement on important matters. Basically, if we didn’t have email systems at home or mobile phones, etc., it wouldn’t be the end of the world. I mean, we survived before, didn’t we?

Journalist: How do you feel about mobile phones?

Businessman: I personally find them useful and necessary. They’re convenient if there’s an emergency on a business trip or when you’re in the middle of nowhere or need to contact the police or your family for example. Though, I do feel that they are overused in many cases. Think about how many people spend hours just chatting about silly, unimportant things or looking through sites for no special reason even at work.

1. What are the benefits of the computers? Read aloud the extract which says about them.

3. How do businessmen benefit from using technological means of communication at their workplace?

4. When are technological means of communication misused?

II. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

1. Where does the action take place?

2. What happened to the furniture in the grandmother’s room?

3. Why were Martin and his friend scared?

№ 10

1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

What is a good family?

Building a successful family is like building a house. Both need a plan. The best way to be organised as a family is to talk about family matters. By doing this, families enjoy a special closeness and stability. Choosing to spend time with your family sends a message more powerful than words.

How much time should families spend together? That varies from family to family. Families with young children usually spend most of their time together because young children need a great deal of physical care and guidance. Families with teenagers may spend less time together because teens naturally want to spend more time with their friends. Healthy families keep a good balance between ‘too much’ and ‘not enough’ time together. They spend enough time to satisfy all family members.

Nothing unites a family more than its traditions which include different norms, ways of behavior, customs and views. In united families these traditions are deep-rooted and passed from generation to generation.

Strong families take time to be together and talk to one another. They share their hopes and dreams, feelings and concerns over common meals. Members of successful families feel they really belong to their family. They celebrate their victories and help each other learn from their mistakes. They do their household chores together and go to the theatre. At the same time, strong families adapt relationships and family rules when needs arise. Since no family knows what tomorrow will bring, being adaptive is a good trait for family members to develop.

Recent studies affirm the importance of love in families. Research shows that expressions of affection towards children reduce behaviour problems and help children’s development. Strong families notice and share positive aspects of each member. They notice the talents, skills and achievements, special qualities and characteristics that make the other person unique. They find ways to be positive even when another family member makes a mistake and make an effort to develop closeness and show love at home.

2. The author explains what makes a successful family. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What makes a family united?

4. How much time should family members spend together?

II. Listen to the girl speaking about her eating habits and answer the questions below.

1. What problem does the girl have?

2. Why is it a harmful habit?

3. Why can’t she stop eating chocolate?

III. Let’s talk about youth and society.

№ 11

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

PYTHAGORAS*

Pythagoras 1 is often described as a very important mathematician, yet we know little about his achievements. What we do know is that he was the leader of a society which was half scientific and half religious. It was a secret society and today Pythagoras is still a mysterious figure.

It is believed that Pythagoras was born on the Greek island of Samos. His father was a merchant, and as a child, Pythagoras travelled with him selling their goods. Pythagoras was well educated. He learned music and poetry and had three philosophers to teach him who introduced Pythagoras to mathematics and advised him to travel to Egypt to learn more about mathematics and astronomy. So in 535 BC, Pythagoras travelled to Egypt where he visited many temples and took part in discussions with priests. Many of the customs he learnt in Egypt he came to adopt. For example, the Egyptian priests refused to eat beans and wear animal skins, as did Pythagoras later in his life.

In 525 BC the King of Persia invaded Egypt. Pythagoras was taken prisoner and was transported to Babylon. It was here, taught by the Babylonians, that he reached perfection in arithmetic and music. When Pythagoras returned to Samos he founded there a school which was called ‘The Semicircle’. It seems that the people of Samos did not appreciate the teaching methods of Pythagoras and they treated him rudely and improperly. Furthermore, they wanted to involve Pythagoras in local politics against his will. For these reasons, he went to Italy.

Pythagoras believed that numbers rule the universe and that numbers are present in all things. He also connected mathematics to music and recognized the healing power of music. He used it as a kind of therapy to help those who were ill. Another of his beliefs was that there are three types of men: those who love wisdom, those who love honour and those who love wealth.

Pythagoras was a mathematician, an astronomer, and a philosopher. Today we remember him best for his famous geometry theorem, known as Pythagoras’ theorem. 2

1 Pythagoras Пифагор

2 Pythagoras’ theorem теоремаПифагора

2. Where did Pythagoras go to learn mathematics and astronomy? Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. Why did Pythagoras go to Italy?

4. What are the three types of men according to Pythagoras?

II. Listen to the interview taken by the “Youth Magazine” with Mr Ron Cansler and answer the questions below.

1. How old is Mr Cansler?

2. What helped him to stay healthy?

3. What does he recommend listeners should do?

№ 12

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

AMELIA

Possibly the most famous female pilot ever, Amelia Earhart was born in 1897 in Kansas, the USA. Amelia had a difficult and unsettled childhood. Her family travelled a great deal so her father could find work. Although she often missed school, Amelia was nevertheless considered to be very bright academically. She enjoyed reading and poetry as well as sports, especially basketball and tennis.

After graduating from high school, instead of going to college, Amelia decided to study nursing. During the First World War, she worked as a military nurse in Canada. When the war ended she became a social worker back in America and taught English to immigrants. In her free time, Amelia enjoyed going to air shows and watching aerial stunts 1 , which were very popular during the 1920s. Her fascination with flying began when, at one of those shows, she took a ten-minute ride, and from that moment on she knew she had to learn to fly.

Amelia took on several odd jobs to pay for the flying lessons and after a year, she had saved enough money to buy her own plane. She organized cross-country air races for women pilots and formed a now famous women pilots’ organization, called the ‘Ninety-Nines’. One day Amelia received an invitation to be the first woman ever to make the flight across the Atlantic from Canada to Britain. Amelia made the flight in 1928 and, although she was only a passenger and two men flew the plane, it made her a celebrity. She also met there her future husband, George Putman, a publisher, who arranged the flight and organized all the publicity.

In 1932 Amelia and George decided Amelia should make the Atlantic crossing from America to Britain alone. She broke several records on this flight; she became the first woman to fly the Atlantic solo, the only person to have flown it twice and she established a new transatlantic crossing record of 13 hours and 30 minutes. Understandably, she became even more famous as a result earning respect for women pilots all over the world by proving that women could fly as well as men, if not better.

1 an aerial stunt [ˈɛərɪəl ˈstʌnt] фигуравысшегопилотажа

2. How did Amelia get interested in flying? Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. What invitation did Amelia receive one day?

4. Why did Amelia become famous?

II. Listen to the conversation between Nancy and her mum.

1. What do Nancy’s parents worry about?

2. Why does Nancy refuse to do household chores?

3. What arguments does Mum use to make Nancy clean the room?

III. Let’s talk about the mass media.

№ 13

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

THE STRESS OF COMMUTING 1

In today’s modern world, people are constantly looking for ways to avoid stress and improve their lifestyle. Too much stress can lead to a variety of illnesses from headaches to high blood pressure. Simple things, such as driving to and from work on a daily basis, can be such a stressful experience that many people are left feeling totally exhausted. Cars can give normally peaceful people a feeling of power that can make them more aggressive.

Fortunately, there are various means of public transport to choose from within modern towns and cities. Sometimes, all we need to do is to change a few of our long-standing habits in order to discover a much more comfortable way of life. By simply planning journeys, not only can we save time and money, but we can also reduce stress levels dramatically. By using public transport everybody wins. Most towns and cities are well-covered by bus, tram and metro services. While making use of these services, you are also helping against increasing levels of pollution.

Public transport systems have improved considerably in recent years and there is now more focus on environmentally friendly forms. For example, old tram systems have been reintroduced into many European cities, making movement across large areas much faster and ‘cleaner’.

Another way of reducing levels of both stress and pollution is an introduction of an environmentally friendly network of cycle tracks. The aim of building cycle tracks is to motivate people to use their bicycles instead of their cars. So, next time you see your neighbor or colleague waiting at a bus stop as you drive by, don’t feel sorry for him because he will, no doubt, arrive at the office much earlier than you as you will still be fighting to find a parking space.

Or you might consider another way of getting to work. Carpooling 2 is a relatively new and convenient system when several people arrange to share one private car to get to work. And some companies have already introduced a plan where those who carpool get preferential parking in the company garage.

1 commuting ежедневные поездки на работу в город из пригорода и обратно

2 to carpool [ˈkɑːˌpuːl] подвозить на машине по очереди

2. The network of public transport has improved lately. Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. How can we help reduce pollution?

4. Why is carpooling convenient?

II. Listen to the advice how to make a good friend and answer the questions below.

1. How do people feel if they have no friend?

2. What qualities does a good friend have?

3. Why is it good to be a real friend?

III. Let’s talk about international cooperation.

№ 14

I. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

Video Blogger

In April 2007, a 16-year-old English boy named Charlie McDonnell was studying for his exams. But he was bored, so he turned on his computer and started surfing the web. He soon found a website called YouTube and within minutes he was watching a video of another teenager sitting in his bedroom and talking to his computer about how bored he was. ‘I could do better than that!’ thought Charlie. So, using a cheap computer and webcam, he made his first video blog and posted it on YouTube under the name Charlieissocoollike.

A few days after the first video Charlie found that he had 150 subscribers. Encouraged by this, he went on to make more videos. A month later Charlie’s audience grew and he started to get hundreds of video messages from his fans. “It was really strange,” says Charlie. “I’d been talking to my computer for a month and suddenly my computer started talking back to me!”

His next big success came a few months later when Oprah Winfrey, the famous American TV host, showed one of Charlie’s comedy videos called How to be English on her programme, which made him popular in the USA too.

Charlie also realised he could use his fame to help people less fortunate than himself. To celebrate his 18th birthday, he raised £5,000 for cancer research. He raised more than four times as much when he co-presented a live show on the Internet. He stayed awake for 24 hours performing challenges from viewers. All the money went to the children’s charity UNICEF 1 .

But what is the secret of his popularity? “I just make videos that I would want to watch,” he says, “and I’m not trying to sell anything. I’m just trying to talk with people and that’s it for me.” His honesty and modesty are perhaps the main reasons why Charlie is so well liked. And of course, he is a talented song writer, camera man, actor and singer.

And if you were wondering how Charlie did in his exams back in 2007...well, he passed with nine A grades and one B! He says that he wants to go on to study at university in the future but decided to try and make a career on YouTube before that.

1 UNICEF [ˈjuːnɪsef] ФондООНпомощидетям

2. Charlie says how the idea of making a video crossed his mind. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. How did he become popular?

4. Why do people like Charlie?

II. Listen to Huan, a Chinese man, speaking about moving out and answer the questions below.

1. Why do young people prefer to live with their parents in Hong Kong?

2. How did Huan’s parents react to his decision?

3. What are the advantages of living on your own?

№ 15

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

MAKE YOUR HOME GREENER

Residential buildings are responsible for consuming 27% of the total amount of energy consumed within Europe and are the biggest source of global warming in the world. This is a fact that has, until recently, been overlooked by lawmakers trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, who have concentrated their efforts on industry and transport. The EU has now passed a new law which intends to cut considerably carbon dioxide emissions 1 from buildings. This means that each of us can now save the planet from the comfort of our own homes.

The first things we can do are simple and easy. We can block up draughts 2 , switch off unnecessary lights and make sure cold and hot water taps are not left running. The next step requires more planning and some expense, but as well as saving energy, we will also save on bills. Many homes have window and roof insulation 3 but it is rarely enough. Full insulation can have a dramatic effect on energy consumption. We should use energy efficient light bulbs. These are usually expensive to buy but consume less than half the energy of standard bulbs. These bulbs last much longer than conventional light bulbs reducing the consumption of resources. Also, thermal solar panels are very efficient. They are capable of providing all the hot water you need.

We can install a ‘grey’ water recycling system. At present water used to flush the toilets is of the same drinkable quality that comes out of the taps. This is an unnecessary waste of energy used in water purification. A grey water recycling system cleans water that has been used for washing and sends it through the toilet system reducing the use of clean drinking water.

New buildings have more energy saving features in their design. They can have a wooden structure, extensive insulation, electronic environmental controls, triple glazing 4 , a non-polluting heating system and a turf 5 roof. However, it is how we deal with our present homes that will determine housing’s contribution to global warming. It’s down to each of us, so get insulating!

1 carbon dioxide emissions [ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒkˈsaɪd ɪˈmɪʃnz]выбросыуглекислогогаза

3 insulation [ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃn] изоляция, утепление

4 glazing [ˈɡleɪzɪŋ] остекление

5 turf торф

2. What energy saving features in the design of the building are used nowadays? Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. What can we do to cut carbon dioxide emissions from buildings?

4. What is considered to be an unnecessary waste of energy used in water purification?

II. Listen to the tour guide and answer the questions below.

1. What sort of tour is it?

2. What will the tourists see on the tour?

3. Why does the tourist ask to return the money?

III. Let’s talk about outstanding people.

№ 16

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

MR WEMMICK’S “CASTLE”

Wemmick’s house was a little wooden cottage in the middle of a large garden. The top of the house had been built and painted like a battery loaded with guns. I said I really liked it. I think Wemmick’s house was the tiniest I had ever seen. It had very few windows and the door was almost too small to get in.

‘Look,’ said Wemmick, after I have crossed this bridge, I raise it so that nobody can enter the Castle.’

The ‘bridge’ was a plank 1 and it crossed a gap about four feet 2 wide and two feet deep. But I enjoyed seeing the smile on Wemmick’s face and the pride with which he raised his bridge. The gun on the roof of the house, he told me, was fired every night at nine o’clock. I later heard it. Immediately, it made an impressive sound.

‘At the back,’ he said, ‘there are chickens, ducks, geese, and rabbits. I’ve also got my own little vegetable garden and I grow cucumbers. Wait until supper and you’ll see for yourself what kind of salad I can make. If the Castle is ever attacked, I will be able to survive for quite a while,’ he said with a smile, but at the same time seriously.

Then Wemmick showed me his collection of curiosities. They were mostly to do with being on the wrong side of the law: a pen with which a famous forgery 3 had been committed, some locks of hair, several manuscript confessions written from prison.

‘I am my own engineer, my own carpenter, my own plumber and my own gardener. I am my own Jack of all Trades 4 ,’ said Wemmick, receiving my compliments. Wemmick told me that it had taken many years to bring his property to this state of perfection.

‘Is it your own, Mr. Wemmick?’

‘Oh yes, I have got a hold of it a bit at a time. I have absolute ownership now. You know, the office is one thing, and private life is another. When I go to the office, I leave the Castle behind me, and when I come to the Castle, I leave the office behind me. If you don’t mind, I’d like you to do the same. I don’t want to talk about my home in a professional manner.

1 plank брус, доска

2 feet — мн. ч. от foot — мера длины, равная 30,48 см

3 forgery [ˈfɔdʒərɪ] подделка

4 Jack of all Tradesмастернавсеруки

2. ‘An Englishman’s home is his castle’. Read aloud the extract which proves this idea.

3. What do we understand about Wemmick’s home life?

4. Why does Wemmick call himself Jack of all Trades?

II. Listen to a part of the interview with a thirteen-year old writer, Sally Myers, and answer the questions below.

1. What made Sally write the book?

2. What did Sally’s Dad think about the book?

3. How did Sally’s life change after publishing the book?

№ 17

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

MOTHER TERESA

Mother Teresa was a simple nun 1 . She never wanted to be famous, but everyone in the world knows who she is.

Mother Teresa was born in 1910 in what is now Macedonia 2 . She was the youngest of three children. Agnes’s father died when she was a child. Her mother made dresses to support the family. Agnes’s mother also liked to do charity work, such as visiting the sick. Agnes often went with her, and she enjoyed helping these people.

Even as a child, Agnes wanted to be a nun. When she was 18 years old, she joined a group of nuns in India. There, she chose the name Teresa. Then she went to Calcutta to work at St. Mary’s School, in a convent 3 . Sister Teresa worked there for 20 years and eventually became the principal.

One day in 1946 Sister Teresa was riding on a train to Darjeeling 4 . She looked out of the window and saw dirty children wearing rags and sleeping in doorways. Sick and dying people were lying on dirty streets. At that moment, she believed God sent her a message. She decided to go to work with the poor.

Two years later, Sister Teresa left the convent and opened a school for the kids from poor families. Though at the very beginning the school had no roof, no walls, and no chairs, later it became well-known all around India. In 1948, Sister Teresa started her own group of nuns. They were called the Missionaries of Charity. The nuns lived in the slums 5 with people who were poor, dirty, and sick. It was hard work and the days were long. But many young nuns came from around the world to join Mother Teresa.

Later, she started homes for children without families. She also started clinics. Over the years, news of her work spread around the world. Many people sent her donations of money, others came to work with her. By 1990 the Missionaries of Charity were working in 400 centres around the world.

Mother Teresa got the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. But she always said her greatest reward was helping people. Her message to the world was: ‘We can do no great things — only small things with great love’.

1 a nun монахиня

2 Macedonia [ ˌmæsəˈdəʊnɪə] страна Македония

3 a convent [ˈkɒnv(ə)nt] монастырь

4 Darjeeling городДарджилинг

5 slumsтрущобы

2. The author writes about Mother Teresa’s family. Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. Why did Mother Teresa decide to devote her life to people in need?

4. What did Mother Teresa do for people?

II. Listen to the interview and answer the questions below.

1. What does Jackie want to become?

2. Why has she chosen this profession?

3. Why is it important for students to do sport at school?

III. Let’s talk about accommodation.

№ 18

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

The most mystique 1 picture

Every hour about 1,500 people visit the Louvre Museum in Paris with the specific intention of seeing one particular painting: the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. Most of these visitors look at the painting for about three minutes before they walk back to the tourist buses outside.

Leonardo loved the painting very much and people say that he took it everywhere with him. The painting was originally ordered by a rich businessman in Florence, who wanted a portrait of his wife, Lisa. Leonardo began the painting in 1503 and he finished it about three or four years later. The fact that Leonardo wanted to keep the painting himself, adds to the Mona Lisa’s mystique.

Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile has fascinated everyone who has ever seen the painting. In his ‘Lives of the Artists’, written just a few years after Leonardo’s death, Giorgio Vasari wrote, ‘While painting Mona Lisa Leonardo employed singers and musicians to keep her happy and so avoid the sadness that painters usually give to portraits. As a result, there was a smile that seemed divine 2 rather than human; and those who saw it were amazed to find how alive and real it appeared.’

Modern art critics also emphasize how the portrait seems alive and real. ‘She is like a living person,’ writes art historian E.H. Gombrich, ‘She seems to change before our eyes. Even in photographs we can experience this strange effect. Sometimes she seems to be looking down on us, and sometimes we can detect sadness in her smile. All this sounds rather mysterious, and it is; that is so often the effect of a great work of art.’

The Mona Lisa is certainly a masterpiece, a magnificent work of art, but it is also a part of modern popular culture. Her image appears on plates, T-shirts, mouse pads and in advertisements. Perhaps for this reason, officials at the Louvre Museum placed the painting in a specially built area in a room with other great 16th century Italian paintings. In this way, visitors have a better chance to appreciate the painting as a work of art rather than as a tourist attraction.

1 mystique таинственный

2 divine божественный

2. Why is Mona Lisa smiling? Read aloud the extract which says about it.

1. What makes the Mona Lisa so special?
2. Why isn’t the painting displayed in a separate room?

II. Listen to the conversation between two friends and answer the questions below.

1. What does Christian want to become?

2. Why does Kate need to learn English?

3. What piece of advice does Christian give to his friend?

III. Let’s talk about your family.

№ 19

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

Book Review

The Guinness Books of World Records 1 have certainly changed a lot in the last 60 years. The first Guinness Book was published in August 1955 in London, in Britain. Most editions were small paperbacks printed in black-and-white and contained more text than photographs. Now, there are colour pictures on every page — and the book also includes 3-D images.

This fascinating collection of records is divided into chapters on Space, The Living Planet, Being Human, Human Achievements, Spirit of Adventure, Modern Life, Science & Engineering, Entertainment, Sports, and the Gazetteer 2 .

Here you will see and read about extremes: for example, the world’s tallest, oldest, shortest, and tiniest — people, plants, animals, buildings. Some have set records for pulling buses, kissing, swimming, ironing clothes, running, and for having the longest legs, the smallest waist, etc.

Some images are a bit strange to look at for too long — check out the woman with the longest fingernails in the world. Also, one man had 14 operations to make himself look like a cat.

There’s a wide range of amazing facts contained on these pages. What is the world’s most expensive hamburger? — It is available in a New York restaurant for $120. Who had the most hit singles on the U.S. music charts? — Elvis Presley, of course, with 151 between 1956 and 2003 (and he died in 1977!). One of the most colourful sections shows records related to space, including some fantastic photographs of Jupiter. Take a look at the top movies such as the first summer blockbuster of all time, the first movie with Dolby sound, and the first to be more expensive than $100 million.

As always, there’s a helpful index in the back of the book, in which you can find subjects of interest in alphabetical order.

Please note that some stunts 3 in this book would be quite dangerous — or at least terribly painful — for you to attempt to meet or beat them. Therefore, please don’t attempt to set any world records that would cause risk to you or to others!

1 the Guinness [ˈɡɪnɪs] Books of World Records книгарекордовГиннесса

2 Gazetteer [ˌɡæzəˈtɪə] географическийсправочник

3 a stunt опасныйтрюк

2. The author describes how The Guinness World Records books changed with time. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What information will you find in this book?

4. Why can this book be interesting for the reader?

II. Listen to the young man describing where he lived and answer the questions below.

1. Why did the man’s family have to rent a flat for about a year?

2. What was their flat in the capital like?

3. How many people is he sharing the flat with at present?

III. Let’s talk about your future career.

№ 20

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

ARE YOU READY TO BE INDEPENDENT?

Angela Rowlands recently tested her teenage children’s ability to do basic household jobs in the house. When Angela and her husband Ben went to Spain for a few weeks’ holiday on the Costa Brava, their son Mark, aged 18, and daughter Frances, aged 16, stayed at home to look after the house. The parents wanted to see how Mark and Frances would manage in the house on their own.

So when thy left the house, they did not tell the children that they had prepared a few tests for them. “We took the plug 1 off the microwave and took out some good light bulbs 2 and put in light bulbs that did not work. We also made sure that there were other problems in the house: with an Italian coffee machine and one of the taps 3 in the bathroom,” says Dr. Rowlands.

When Dr. Rowlands returned from her holiday, she found, as she had expected, that her children had failed the independence test. Mark and Frances had asked an electrician to change the plug on the microwave and to change the light bulbs. They also paid a specialist for repairing the bathroom tap. When they saw that the coffee maker was broken, they went to buy a new one. They even did not think to look for the missing part in the cupboard.

Dr. Rowlands was not surprised by the results of her experiment. “A lot of young people today are not able to solve simple problems in the house,” she says. “They often throw things away when they are broken. This is wrong because it shows that young people do not understand how things work or are made. It can also be very expensive because you have to pay other people to do the work for you.”

But repairing broken things is only part of the problem. A lot of young people cannot cook at all. If there is no ready-made meal in the fridge, or if there is nothing to warm up in the microwave, then there is nofood. This can cause health problems.

The truth is that many young people do not want to learn basic household skills as they find them boring. Though, if people want to be prepared for independent life they should learn how to do simple jobs about the house.

1 a plug штепсельнаявилка

2 a light bulb [ˈlaɪt bʌlb] лампочка

3 a tap кран

2. Why did Dr. Rowlands decide to test the children? Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. What did the parents prepare for their children?

4. Do you think the children passed the test? Why do you think so?

II. Listen to Tom speaking about his day off and answer the questions below.

1. How did Tom spend his day off?

2. What went wrong?

3. What made Tom feel frightened?

III. Let’s talk about Belarus.

№ 21

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

Technology

Technology is everywhere. We see it any place we go to and, in fact, almost all of us carry some piece of technology with us every time we leave the house. We can’t imagine our life without them. But what we always forget, though, is just how useful and powerful technology can be when we want to help others.

There is not a single room in my house that does not have some gadget lying around in it. Whenever I am at home, providing that I am not sleeping, I am almost always using at least one electronic device. If you walked into my living room on any given day, you would find that, first, I have the television on (along with the other related appliances, such as the DVD player or my current favourite game console) 1 . At the same time, even though multi-tasking is definitely not my strong point, I usually have my laptop resting on my knee, or I will be using my tablet or mobile phone. In the background, the technology that I am not using will most likely be on charge somewhere in the house. Even when I’m not at home I am constantly using my phone. At work or in cafés, I sit down and connect to the local wireless network on my laptop. I must admit that I waste a lot of time on the computer. Instead I could spend it doing some online volunteering.

The technology we carry about everywhere can have a great power to do good for the world and to help others and recently I discovered just how much online volunteering there is to do in the world. From using your language skills to do translations, to developing and managing projects and helping with IT work, there is so much that so many people can do to help people in their own countries and across the world. The United Nations, in fact, has a huge page on its website designed for recruiting volunteers.

This work can support the poor and help charities who otherwise would not have the funding to pay for staff. Many organisations only require you to work an hour a week — some even less. And the support provided by online volunteers can really help make a difference to those in need.

1 game console [ˈɡeɪm kənˈsəʊl] игроваяприставка

2. The author disapproves of the way people use electronic devices. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What electronic devices does the author use?

4. How can online volunteering help people?

II. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

1. What are the speakers doing?

2. What didn’t impress the speakers very much?

3. What did they decide in the end?

III. Let’s talk about Great Britain.

№ 22

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

From librarian to political reporter

The Pretenders is a very successful and popular TV series. In each programme there is a contestant who has just four weeks to learn to do a completely new job. At the end of the month the contestant has to do a ‘test’, where he or she has to do the new job together with three other professionals. Three judges have to identify the one who pretends.

Jessica Winters is a 26-year-old librarian. She studied English Literature at the University of Bath before getting a job at the local library. She didn’t know that two of her friends sent her name to the TV company to take part in The Pretenders. ‘When someone from the company called me, I thought it was a joke,’ said Jessica. ‘First of all, I said ‘no’, in the end my friends and my family persuaded 1 me and I agreed.’

Jessica had four weeks to turn from a quiet, shy librarian into a confident TV reporter. At the end of the month she had to interview the Minister of Education. It was her test.

An experienced political journalist, Adam Bowles, had to transform Jessica into a professional. He wasn’t very optimistic when he met her. ‘Jessica needs to be a lot harder, even aggressive. She is much too sweet and shy’, said Adam. ‘Politicians will eat her alive.’ They had just 28 days to teach her how to interview people, how to be confident, how to speak clearly.

Jessica was terrified at the beginning. She watched a lot of live interviews with politicians. Adam made her read the political sections of all the newspapers. It was boring for her and she felt exhausted. Later as soon as she began making progress, she felt more relaxed.

During the interview Jessica felt nervous but well-prepared as she had done much research and had practised a lot. ‘When it was all over came the worst part, I had to wait while the judges decided which of us they thought wasn’ t a professional’. The judges gave their verdict: they were all professional reporters.

For Jessica it was a great experience and she was pleased how she did it, but actually she doesn’t feel like changing her work.

1 to persuade убедить

2. The Pretenders is a famous TV programme. Read aloud the extract about it.

3. How did Jessica get to the programme?

4. Was it an exciting and useful experience for Jessica? Why (not)?

II. Listen to three people talking about their favourite countries and answer the questions below.

1. What country does the first speaker like most?

2. What makes Italy a favourite place for the second speaker?

3. Why does the third speaker like Argentina?

III. Let’s talk about national character and stereotypes.

№ 23

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

Mi Luna

Mi Luna is a restaurant in the Rice Village. The atmosphere is lively, and the food is delicious. It is a Spanish cuisine restaurant that you will soon consider one of your favourite restaurants.

There are many reasons why this restaurant is special. One is that they make a wonderful dish called Pulpo con Patatas . It’s a delicious Spanish seafood dish which has the following ingredients: octopus, potatoes, salt, olive oil, and chilepiquin 1 . (Chilepiquin is a special kind of chili that looks like red powder and is very hot.)

Another reason is the place itself. Once you are in the restaurant, you feel a Spanish atmosphere; it is painted with the classical colours that are used in Spain — red, yellow, white, and black. The way this place is decorated is really very impressive. On the walls, there are photos of Spanish bullfighters, taken at the perfect moments of their performances.

On one of the walls, you can enjoy a photo of the famous classical Spanish dance called Flamenco 2 . In it, the dancers are wearing the traditional clothes, and the lady has in her hands the most famous Spanish musical instrument called castanets 3 .

The service is pleasant, caring and quick. It makes you want to come back. The waiters just keep looking at your table to find out if you need something. If they see an empty glass, they immediately ask you if you want something else to drink. At all time, they are friendly and ready to clear all the used dishes from your table. They are always smiling because they are trying to make you feel comfortable and happy. They know each dish, so they are able to explain it to you.

On their menu, they serve a large variety of foods, and there is a section on the menu that I like most. In Spain, these dishes are called tapas 4 . Tapas or appetizers are dishes that have a small amount of food. In this way you will be able to try a lot of different Spanish dishes.

By the time you leave Mi Luna , you are sure to be entirely satisfied and have very good memories of the visit. It is a great place for any occasion, but it is very busy, so don’t forget to book a table first.

1 chilepiquin [ˈtʃɪlɪˈpiːkiːn] пикин (сортгорячегоперцачили)

2 Flamenco

3 castanets [ ˌkæstəˈnets]

4 tapas [ˈtæːpəs]

1. The service in Mi Luna is very good. Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. What makes Mi Luna look very Spanish?

4. What makes Mi Luna a very pleasant place to visit?

II. Listen to the conversation between two friends and answer the questions below..

1. Why doesn’t Margaret like her new job?

2. What problem does Peter have?

3. What piece of advice does Margaret give to her friend?

III. Let’s talk about youth and society.

№ 24

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

WE ARE YOUNGER THAN WE EVER WERE

If you belong to the older generation, Elderhostel is a good place to live.

Elderhostel , founded in 1975, is the world’s largest educational and travel organisation for older adults. Its aim is to excite people’s minds and enrich people’s lives promoting and encouraging different activities among the older generation. There are no examinations or marks. All that you need, in order to enroll on a programme, is enquiring mind 1 and an adventurous spirit. Also, of course, you need to believe that learning and discovery continue all your life. There are expert instructors and experienced group leaders for field trips and cultural excursions.

Elderhostel offers a large number of programmes in a huge variety of areas. Amongst other things, it provides simple, on-line information on activities and services. First of all, there are traditional programmes. Here, people study ancient history, literature, and art, and can learn about different cultures, modern people and issues.

Also, Elderhostel believes that physical activity helps people to keep a positive self-image and contributes to the sense of well-being both mental and physical. Many programmes have keep-fit equipment and a large number of social and cultural events take place there, as well as sporting activities. Regular physical activity can prevent many common illnesses, such as high blood pressure and asthma and it helps people who already have such illnesses. Alongside the usual sports like swimming, hockey and cricket, bowling and tennis, you will find “Dog Clubs” and “Flying Clubs”. Then there is a group of adventure programmes involving activities like hiking, kayaking 2 , biking and studying whales.

There are also programmes which give people the chance to help communities in different ways, such as protecting endangered species, tutoring school children and building affordable housing.

Finally, there are programmes which take place aboard a boat, anywhere from Antarctic to the Mississippi River.

The word ‘old’ has a very different and very positive meaning in Elderhostel !

1 enquiring mind [ɪnˈkwaəɪrɪŋ maɪnd] пытливый, проницательныйум

2 a kayak [ˈkaɪæk] каяк (эскимосскаялодка)

2. What kind of organisation is Elderhostel ? Read aloud the extract which says about it.

3. What activities does Elderhostel offer?

4. Why does the word ‘old’ have a positive meaning in Elderhostel ?

II. Listen to the three people speaking about how they met their partners and answer the questions below.

1. Why was the first speaker surprised?

2. When did the second speaker ask the girl out?

3. Why did the third speaker think that the girl was awful when they first met?

III. Let’s talk about education.

№ 25

I. 1. Read the article and say in 2—3 sentences what it is about.

QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION

The Internet nowadays is like a huge city full of many different kinds of places and people. As in a real city, there are certain places which are suitable for youngsters and others which need to be avoided.

The Internet neither belongs to nor is controlled by any one person, organization or government. It gives all of us the opportunity to create materials for others to see. On the other hand, as in ordinary life, there are those who might use it for illegal purposes. The freedom of the Net offers exciting opportunities for youngsters and, by being aware of the possible dangers and taking steps to avoid them, they can happily explore that online world in safety.

The Internet has enabled and advanced new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Common sense will certainly help children to use the Internet safely. It is preferable, for example, for parents to get to know who their children are meeting online and make sure they never give out personal information about themselves. Although it is an excellent tool for learning, playing and communicating with others, youngsters should not be allowed to become so involved that they forget other activities important to their development. How often do we hear of youngsters spending all their free time in front of the computer, isolating themselves from other people their age? Computers are admirable tools that improve the quality of life, but when used sensibly. Steve Jobs said: “Technology is nothing. What’s important is that you have a faith in people, that they’re basically good and smart, and if you give them tools, they’ll do wonderful things with them”. Obviously, surfing as a family activity is the best solution, so that any problems that are found can be discussed together.

Parents need to think about safety issues and agree on a set of rules. Just as youngsters are given instructions on road safety, they also need to be instructed on how to travel safely along that superhighway.

2. The author says that the Internet offers exciting opportunities for youngsters. Find this extract and read it aloud.

3. What is surfing the Internet compared to?

4. Why is it important to use the Internet sensibly?

II. Listen to three people speaking about their work-life balance and answer the questions below.

1. What does the first speaker complain about?

2. How has the life style of the second speaker changed?

3. What does the third speaker think about his way of life and the typical Japanese work-life balance?

III. Let’s talk about tourism.